AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation Science
TestisRete TestisSpermatogenesisSertoli CellsCryptorchidismLeydig CellsSpermatidsSpermatozoaSpermatogoniaEpididymisSeminiferous EpitheliumTesticular DiseasesTestosteroneSpermatocytesTesticular NeoplasmsSperm CountOrgan SizeSpermatic Cord TorsionInfertility, MaleGerm CellsOrchitisGenitalia, MaleSexual MaturationScrotumMolecular Sequence DataRNA, MessengerBlood-Testis BarrierTissue DistributionSex DifferentiationOrgan SpecificityAmino Acid SequenceBase SequenceImmunohistochemistryOrchiectomyOvarySex-Determining Region Y ProteinFertilitySeminal VesiclesDNA, ComplementarySex Determination ProcessesFollicle Stimulating HormoneGonadsSertoli Cell TumorIn Situ HybridizationOrchiopexyDibutyl PhthalateReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalRats, Sprague-DawleyBlotting, NorthernCloning, MolecularSperm MotilityLuteinizing HormoneSeminomaTesticular HormonesGene ExpressionSperm MaturationVaricoceleSpermatic CordMeiosisInhibinsSOX9 Transcription FactorGenes, sryDiethylhexyl PhthalateReproduction
AbnormalitiesCryptorchidismEpididymisScrotumMalformationsBilateralAnomaliesTesticularForm of congenital adrenal hypPatients with undescended testesHypogonadismTunica vaginaAnomalyIntra-abdominal TestesEctopic TestisOvaries and testesTrue undescendedSpermatic cordTumorsAdrenal glandsKnown as congenitalTestosteroneOvarySmall testesHypospadiasDelayed pubertyWhose testesHormonalPediatricIncidenceSpontaneouslyAbsenceAndrogenAnatomicalCataractsInfertilitySpermatogenesisDisordersCardiac defectsPathologyGestationBirthTesticlesSyndromeChromosomalPath of descentReproductiveDiagnosisGeneHypothyroidismDeleteriousTissueUpwardsDefectsTorsionVariantsTesticleAnatomyPosterior
Abnormalities7
  • This retrospective study documented the incidence of congenital abnormalities in 2 major hospitals in Port Harcourt, an oil-rich city in Rivers state, Nigeria. (who.int)
  • Hormonal imbalance has various causes such as drug, congenital abnormalities or tumors. (mystic-news.com)
  • Other intersex individuals may have genetically inherited chromosomal abnormalities such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia, which may result in masculinization of the genitals in people born with XX chromosomes, or androgen insensitivity syndrome, when the body doesn't respond to testosterone and a person has XY chromosomes and feminized genitalia. (mentalfloss.com)
  • This module is based on the NHS Newborn and Infant Physical Examination Programme and is a screening test for abnormalities of the eyes, heart, hips and testes. (cumbria.ac.uk)
  • Hypospadias Congenital anomalies of the urethra in boys usually involve anatomic abnormalities of the penis and vice versa. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Presentation is late and most patients 77(84.6) have predisposing congenital abnormalities. (bvsalud.org)
  • SNP microarray abnormalities in a cohort of 28 infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. (cdc.gov)
Cryptorchidism11
Epididymis10
Scrotum12
  • Orchiopexy is the most successful therapy to relocate the testis into the scrotum. (medscape.com)
  • Testicles that have descended, but are prone to retracting out of the scrotum, are called retractile testes and while the phenomenon usually resolves over time they are at increased risk of evolving into a true undescended state. (sciencebasedmedicine.org)
  • Ectopic testis occurs when a testicle is positioned behind the scrotum, lower abdomen, penis' skin, femoral canal, or other uncharacteristic locations. (alleydog.com)
  • A congenital problem where one or both testicles don't move down from the abdomen into the scrotum. (intermountainhealthcare.org)
  • The terms testis (singular) and testes (plural) refer to the male reproductive gland (or glands), the source of spermatozoa and of the androgens, usually paired in an external scrotum in man and certain other mammals. (wordinfo.info)
  • The testes are a pair of oval-shaped male genital organs suspended in the scrotum by the corresponding spermatic cord. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Testes may get arrested anywhere along the course to reach into the scrotum, such as in the abdomen, at the deep inguinal ring, in the inguinal canal, or between the superficial inguinal ring and the scrotum [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The cause is a congenital anomaly wherein, the testis after descending into the scrotum is not fixed in place and is mobile. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Over the last 3 months of gestation, the testis must course its way down from its original retroperitoneal position to its final destination in the scrotum. (medscape.com)
  • The testis is a paired, ovoid male reproductive organ that sits in the scrotum, separated from its mate by a scrotal septum. (medscape.com)
  • Inferiorly, the testis is anchored to the scrotum by the scrotal ligament, a remnant of the gubernaculum. (medscape.com)
  • Normally, the testes develop at 7 to 8 weeks gestation and remain cephalad to the internal inguinal ring until about 28 weeks, when they begin their descent into the scrotum guided by condensed mesenchyme (the gubernaculum). (msdmanuals.com)
Malformations6
  • ABSTRACT Although congenital malformations are believed to be on the rise in the oil production areas of Nigeria, few baseline data are available. (who.int)
  • More research is needed into long-term trends in congenital malformations and possible associations with environmental pollution in Rivers state. (who.int)
  • Des recherches supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour étudier les tendances à long terme des malformations congénitales et les associations possibles avec la pollution environnementale de l'État de Rivers. (who.int)
  • Focus interest in the diagnosis and conservative (non-surgical and minimal radiation) management of congenital broncho pulmonary malformations. (stanford.edu)
  • Finally, we discuss the possible future role of these white matter maps in the assessment of white matter diseases, congenital brain malformations, central nervous system neoplasms (presurgical evaluation), and brain function. (ajronline.org)
  • Un système d'enregistrement des malformations congénitales permettrait de planifier les stratégies de prévention et de traitement. (who.int)
Bilateral3
  • First off, the presence of a hidden testis or testes can be a clue that something more sinister is going on, in particular when there is a finding of bilateral non-palpable testes. (sciencebasedmedicine.org)
  • We report a rare case of congenital bilateral testicular agenesis who presented with a suicide attempt. (scirp.org)
  • Testes were viable in 59(64.8) patients offered bilateral orchidopexy and gangrenous in 32(35.2) that had orchi- dectomy with contralateral orchidopexy. (bvsalud.org)
Anomalies5
  • In the first hospital 78 congenital anomalies were recorded out of 19 572 births (4.00/1000), principally affecting the central nervous system (1.84/1000) and skeletal system (1.74/1000). (who.int)
  • Cette étude rétrospective a recueilli des données sur l'incidence des anomalies congénitales dans deux grands hôpitaux de Port Harcourt, une riche cité pétrolière de l'État de Rivers (Nigéria). (who.int)
  • Dans le premier hôpital, sur 19 572 naissances, 78 anomalies congénitales ont été enregistrées (soit 4,00 pour 1000) : elles affectaient principalement le système nerveux central (1,84 pour 1000) et le squelette (1,74 pour 1000). (who.int)
  • Disorders of the central nervous system are very common among the children of the area -- cerebral palsy, retardation of mental and/or physical growth, epilepsy and congenital anomalies like stag horn limbs. (org.in)
  • The liver is exposed to a number of congenital anomalies. (biomedcentral.com)
Testicular10
  • Successful scrotal repositioning of the testis may reduce but does not prevent the potential long-term issues of infertility and testicular cancer. (medscape.com)
  • It is a rare case of congenital testicular agenesis with bipolar disorder which was resistant to therapy. (scirp.org)
  • Congenital agonadism is also known as congenital anorchia, male gonadal agenesis, testicular agenesis, vanishing testes syndrome, regressed testes syndrome [1]. (scirp.org)
  • The diagnosis is made in the absence of palpable testis in the testicular sac and is sometimes discovered in young male children as with our patient or based on regular healthy appointments [1]. (scirp.org)
  • The patient denies any family history of testicular agenesis syndrome and has a brother with normal testes and male development. (scirp.org)
  • The time from the onset when the study is done, after 6-9 hours, there is an excess blood flow around the testicular region and could be mistaken for EO and the boy is conserved with the poor results and the testis is atrophic and functionless later in life. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Diagnosis is by testicular examination, sometimes followed by laparoscopy to look for testes that cannot be felt on examination. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Testicular Torsion Testicular torsion is an emergency condition due to rotation of the testis and consequent strangulation of its blood supply. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Open" Biopsy of the Testis and Testicular Sperm Extraction. (booksca.ca)
  • Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome and Carcinoma In Situ Testis. (booksca.ca)
Form of congenital adrenal hyp2
  • Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia is an endocrine disorder that is an uncommon and potentially lethal form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). (wikipedia.org)
  • Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia: A rare form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia where the early phase of adrenal cortisol production is defective which causes mineralocorticoid deficiency. (checkorphan.org)
Patients with undescended testes1
  • Orchiopexy may be necessary in patients with undescended testes. (medscape.com)
Hypogonadism6
  • When the testes fail to produce an adequate level of endogenous testosterone, men develop hypogonadism. (aafp.org)
  • Primary hypogonadism results from pathology within the testis, and secondary hypogonadism occurs due to dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. (aafp.org)
  • Primary and secondary hypogonadism can be subdivided further by congenital and acquired etiologies ( Table 1 ). (aafp.org)
  • Any congenital or acquired disturbances of the HPG axis could lead to the clinical syndrome of hypogonadism. (frontiersin.org)
  • Male hypogonadism is defined as a disorder associated with decreased functional activity of the testes, with decreased production of sexual hormones ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition to low testosterone levels and low gonadotrophin levels (secondary hypogonadism), men who develop hypopituitarism after puberty tend to develop the same features as men with KS, with the exceptions of small testis, poor beard growth and abnormal height. (medscape.com)
Tunica vagina1
  • 2. In the fetus, a fold of tunica vaginalis testis (the serous membrane surrounding the front and sides of the testicle) supporting the mesonephros and the developing testis. (wordinfo.info)
Anomaly1
  • Objective: Undescended testes (UDT) is the most common anomaly of the male genitourinary tract. (unizg.hr)
Intra-abdominal Testes1
  • Microvascular Autotransplantation of Intra-abdominal Testes. (powells.com)
Ectopic Testis1
  • An ectopic testis is one that descends normally through the external ring but diverts to an abnormal location and lies outside the normal course of descent (eg, suprapubically, in the superficial inguinal pouch, within the perineum, or along the inner aspect of the thigh). (msdmanuals.com)
Ovaries and testes2
  • These individuals may have mixed genitalia, meaning some combination of ovaries and testes. (mentalfloss.com)
  • Diseases and disorders of the thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, ovaries and testes fall under its purview. (miotinternational.com)
True undescended2
  • In the case of true undescended testes, as opposed to absent or retractile testes, there are many possible future complications. (sciencebasedmedicine.org)
  • A true undescended testis remains in the inguinal canal along the path of descent or is less commonly present in the abdominal cavity or retroperitoneum. (msdmanuals.com)
Spermatic cord2
Tumors1
Adrenal glands3
  • 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) is a steroid hormone that is primarily produced in the adrenal glands, as well as in ovaries, testes, and placenta. (cdc.gov)
  • It would take another 40 years and an autopsy for the correct diagnosis to be made: congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), a catchall term for genetic mutations that cause abnormal production of hormones by the adrenal glands, including hormones involved in genital development. (the-scientist.com)
  • In a girl it is usually due to excess androgen production by adrenal glands (as in congenital adrenal hyperplasia, CAH), ovaries or an extraneous source. (ndtv.com)
Known as congenital1
Testosterone5
  • The fetal testes make AMH, which prevents a uterus and inner vagina from forming, but since the Leydig cells fail to make testosterone during development even in response to hCG, the testes are usually remain in the abdomen or lodge in the inguinal canals (undescended testes) and are nonfunctional. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] In addition to the testes remaining inside, formation of the penis, also dependent on testosterone, is compromised. (wikipedia.org)
  • Testosterone USP is a white, or creamy white crystalline powder or crystals chemically described as 17ß-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one. (rxlist.com)
  • As the fetus develops, the functioning testis produces the male hormone testosterone to allow development of male genitalia. (medscape.com)
  • Opioids, for example, inhibit secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), luteinizing hormone and testosterone through action on the hypothalamus, pituitary and testis. (medscape.com)
Ovary3
  • Measurements of DHEAS provides information about the adrenal gland function and can help with the diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia and polycystic ovary syndrome. (cdc.gov)
  • Estradiol is produced primarily in the ovary (follicle, corpus luteum), but small quantities are also formed in the testes and in the adrenal cortex, as well as in fat cells. (cdc.gov)
  • C4-Methylsterols are meiosis-activating sterols (MASs). They exist at high concentrations in the testis and ovary and play roles in meiosis activation. (jci.org)
Small testes1
Hypospadias3
  • ABSTRACT This study was carried out to document the prevalence of inguinal hernia, hypospadias, undescended testis and varicocele in 3057 male applicants to the military wing of Mu'ta University in the south of Jordan. (who.int)
  • Prevalence of inguinal hernia and undescended testis were comparable with international prevalence rates, while the rate for hypospadias was higher and that for varicocele lower. (who.int)
  • Hypospadias is a congenital defect of the countries, lacks a proper medical regis- penis resulting in incomplete development tration system. (who.int)
Delayed puberty1
  • The department offers treatment for an extensive range of paediatric endocrine disorders such as growth disorders, congenital hypothyroidism and delayed puberty. (miotinternational.com)
Whose testes2
  • also, one whose testes are undescended. (wordinfo.info)
  • Although his mother noticed something odd about his genitalia at three months, Marzo continued to be raised as a girl until the age of four, when a surgeon pronounced that he was actually a boy whose testes had not descended. (the-scientist.com)
Hormonal1
  • Transinguinal migration, thought to be under hormonal control, occurs at 28-40 weeks' gestation, usually resulting in a scrotal testis by the end of a full term of gestation. (medscape.com)
Pediatric2
  • Sonography of the pediatric testis. (stanford.edu)
  • Bašković M, Zaninović L, Sansović I, Meašić AM, Katušić Bojanac A, Ježek D. Trends in the treatment of undescended testes: a pediatric tertiary care center experience from Croatia. (unizg.hr)
Incidence1
  • In undescended testis there is increased incidence of infertility, torsion, In any community, statistical studies of malignancy and exposure to trauma. (who.int)
Spontaneously2
  • An undescended testis may descend spontaneously during the first few months of life but is unlikely to do so after 6 months (corrected for gestational age). (medscape.com)
  • Two thirds of undescended testes spontaneously descend within the first 4 months of life. (msdmanuals.com)
Absence1
  • Growth hormone and most of the other hormones: For controlling metabolic functions of the testes, GH specifically promotes early division of the spermatogonia, In its absence, spermatogenesis is severely deficient or entirely absent. (online-sciences.com)
Androgen2
  • This decreases the local androgen concentration in the testes resulting in depression or spermatogenesis, so treatment with exogenous androgens can be used as a method of contraception in males. (online-sciences.com)
  • In a male child it may be due to inadequate male sex hormone (androgen) production or lack of action leading to poor development and differentiation of testes. (ndtv.com)
Anatomical2
  • Rarely testes descend but do not end up in a normal anatomical position, settling in surrounding tissue such as the superficial inguinal pouch or suprapubic region. (sciencebasedmedicine.org)
  • CONGENTIAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA DISSECTED: This drawing by pathologist Luigi De Crecchio, originally published in "A Case Report of Masculine Appearance in a Woman" in the journal Il Morgagni in 1865, shows the longitudinal views of the pelvis of a man named Giuseppe Marzo, and represents the first recorded anatomical report of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a group of genetic disorders that can alter genital development and cause sexual ambiguity. (the-scientist.com)
Cataracts1
  • We report here the identification of mutations in sterol-C4-methyl oxidase-like gene (SC4MOL) as the cause of an autosomal recessive syndrome in a human patient with psoriasiform dermatitis, arthralgias, congenital cataracts, microcephaly, and developmental delay. (jci.org)
Infertility1
  • It can be life threatening, or cause for infertility as it elevates the can lead to loss of the testis or part of the temperature of the testis and this disturbs intestine if strangulation occurs. (who.int)
Spermatogenesis1
  • Spermatogenesis is also depressed at lower temperatures than 32 °C. For this reason, the dartos muscle contracts in cold weather to draw the testes upwards (in order to be warmed by the abdominal temperature). (online-sciences.com)
Disorders3
  • Clinically based practice will include screening for congenital cardiac defects, developmental dysplasia of the hip, some ocular disorders (including congenital cataract), and undescended testes as well as a general physical examination. (cumbria.ac.uk)
  • Adrenal gland disorders, such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia . (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Overview of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a group of genetic disorders, each characterized by inadequate synthesis of cortisol, aldosterone, or both. (msdmanuals.com)
Cardiac defects1
  • Loss of Function of the Nuclear Receptor NR2F2, Encoding COUP-TF2, Causes Testis Development and Cardiac Defects in 46,XX Children. (cdc.gov)
Pathology3
Gestation1
  • Birth weight is the principal determining factor for undescended testes at birth to age 1 year, independent of the length of gestation. (medscape.com)
Birth6
Testicles1
  • For example, some men have undescended testicles or testes that have been affected by the surgery, trauma, cancer or congenital disabilities. (mystic-news.com)
Syndrome1
  • It is suggested that the syndrome is due to regression of the testis at the late stage of prenatal development [1]. (scirp.org)
Chromosomal1
  • KS is a congenital chromosomal aberration (mostly 47,XXY) affecting ~0.2% of male newborns. (medscape.com)
Path of descent1
  • This is different from an undescended testis which is still within the normal path of descent. (alleydog.com)
Reproductive1
  • The testis (from the Greek word orchis ) is the male gland important for both reproductive (exocrine) and endocrine functions. (medscape.com)
Diagnosis3
  • Measurement of 17-OHP is useful in the diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). (cdc.gov)
  • Measurement of androstenedione is useful in the diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, in conjunction with other androgenic precursors, such as 17α-hydroxyprogesterone. (cdc.gov)
  • The medical problems are very important as presence of the testis in an obscure place they can determine the size of the problem may lead to delay in diagnosis of malig- and help the health authorities to put ap- nancy. (who.int)
Gene3
  • The testis-determining factor is now identified as the SRY gene (sex-determining region on Y chromosome). (medscape.com)
  • Transcription of the SRY gene (testis-determining factor region) on the Y chromosome ultimately leads to sex differentiation. (medscape.com)
  • Identification of TCTE3 as a gene responsible for congenital diaphragmatic hernia using a high-resolution single-nucleotide polymorphism array. (cdc.gov)
Hypothyroidism2
  • At the MIOT Thyroid Clinic, we routinely manage thyroid conditions like hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroid nodule, thyroid malignancies, and congenital and juvenile hypothyroidism. (miotinternational.com)
  • Congenital hypothyroidism. (miotinternational.com)
Deleterious1
  • Increased burden of de novo predicted deleterious variants in complex congenital diaphragmatic hernia. (cdc.gov)
Tissue1
  • Tissue is collected from the testes and processed in the laboratory to remove healthy sperm for use with intracytoplasmic sperm injection ( ICSI ). (sbivf.com)
Upwards1
  • If this results in a positive reflex, the testis gets pulled upwards due to the contraction of the cremaster muscle, it means that the cremaster can function as it is not twisted. (pediatriconcall.com)
Defects1
  • Correction of congenital heart defects may be indicated. (medscape.com)
Torsion1
  • A Color Doppler study for the blood supply to the testis will show no blood flow in the case of Torsion but excess blood flow in EO. (pediatriconcall.com)
Variants1
  • De novo copy number variants are associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. (cdc.gov)
Testicle1
Anatomy1
  • Genitoplasty for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Anatomy and Technical Review. (powells.com)
Posterior2
  • On the posterior surface, it is reflected inwardly to form an incomplete vertical septum called the mediastinum testis. (medscape.com)
  • Located on the posterior border of the testis, it is composed of 3 parts, including the head (caput), body (corpora), and tail (cauda). (medscape.com)