MoroccanMorocco'sFisheriesPolisario FrontWSRW1975AfricaIndiaFundamental humanMauritania1956OccupiesSemi-constitutional monarchyWSRW'sSaharanSovereignty2002SahrawiSaharawiIntended the referendumControversialIndependenceCeutaRight to self-deterPrime ministerBordersResource WatchViolationTerritoryRabatResourcesUnited NationsInvestorsPopulationWorkOccupationPeopleChemicalStateBusinessEnergyAdministrativeNorthHuman rightsPowerKingdomAgreement
Moroccan19
- WSRW condemns the four companies' continued support to the Moroccan government. (wsrw.org)
- Most involved the last years have been Enel, Siemens Gamesa and General Electric, through construction of energy infrastructure for the Moroccan government. (wsrw.org)
- Companies that want to be perceived as taking human rights responsibly, should not bid on a large tender that will connect Morocco's illegal energy production in Western Sahara to the Moroccan grid, WSRW warns. (wsrw.org)
- Up to 81% of all land that the Moroccan government has allocated for new, gigantic plans for renewable energy, green hydrogen and ammonia, is located outside of Morocco's international borders, in occupied Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)
- The region constituting Morocco has been inhabited since the Paleolithic era over 300,000 years ago, and the first Moroccan state was established by Idris I in 788. (wikipedia.org)
- Advocacy groups like the Western Sahara Resource Watch (WSRW) contest the legality of foreign businesses, like Kosmos, working with the Moroccan government to exploit Western Saharan resources. (ipsnews.net)
- WASHINGTON, Mar 11 2014 (IPS) - Even as U.S. and Moroccan executives meet to discuss strengthening private sector ties between the two countries, advocacy groups are raising concerns about plans by a U.S. energy firm to explore for oil in the contested territory known as Western Sahara. (ipsnews.net)
- The Moroccan government hopes to capitalise on its 2006 free trade agreement with the United States and encourage U.S. investment in the country by presenting it as a gateway to European, Middle Eastern and African markets. (ipsnews.net)
- There's a lot going on in Morocco, and the question is how can it leverage what it has to attract American investments to Morocco that can then be directed to a European market or south to the African markets," Jean AbiNader, the executive director of the Moroccan American Trade and Investment Centre, a non-profit established by Morocco's King Mohammed VI, told IPS. (ipsnews.net)
- While international investors in renewable energy have long favoured Morocco, enabling the construction of solar plants and wind farms, U.S. and European corporations are also rushing to take advantage of concessions for possible oil reserves, some of which are potentially located in the Western Sahara, which many people view as under Moroccan occupation. (ipsnews.net)
- Sahrawis [indigenous Western Saharans] are standing on the sidelines of this project, waving their arms and telling companies to stop doing this on behalf of the Moroccan government. (ipsnews.net)
- Unlike Morocco, the Polisario Front did not want to allow Moroccan settlers in the Western Sahara to participate in the referendum. (ipsnews.net)
- To date, no other state recognises Moroccan sovereignty over the Western Sahara, which is on the United Nations list of Non Self-Governing Territories. (ipsnews.net)
- The Sahrawi have little access to these resources, as many of the workers are Moroccan citizens who immigrated to Western Sahara to work in the industries. (iijd.org)
- Resources originating from the territory of Western Sahara are marketed by the Moroccan government as originating from Morocco, and companies wishing to take advantage of the resources present in the territory contract through the Moroccan government or Moroccan businesses. (iijd.org)
- The Moroccan government controls the entirety of the coastline, preventing many Sahrawi from fishing, a lucrative industry. (iijd.org)
- Moroccan controlled mines employ predominantly Moroccan employees, take phosphorus belonging to the Sahrawi and sell it to foreign companies under the Moroccan name. (iijd.org)
- To date, large parts of Western Sahara are controlled by the Moroccan Governmentand known as the Southern Provinces, whereas some 20% of the Western Sahara territory remains controlled by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR). (techsb.ca)
- The area 446550km2 excludes all disputed territories, while 710850km2 includes the Moroccan-claimed and partially-controlled parts of Western Sahara (claimed as the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic by the Polisario Front ). (explained.today)
Morocco's3
- Morocco's illegal exports of phosphate rock through a controversial conveyor belt has been targeted by what is claimed to be a bomb. (wsrw.org)
- As Continental renegotiates its contract with Morocco's national phosphate company, it is still not clear whether the German group intends to limit its operations to Morocco proper or extend them into occupied Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)
- At this week's conference, participating energy companies, such as Dow Chemical, were given the option to attend sessions on Morocco's energy sector, highlighting the potential for both renewable and carbon-based investment in the kingdom. (ipsnews.net)
Fisheries3
- Morocco currently controls the majority of Western Sahara's natural resources in the form of fisheries, phosphates and iron ore, and other resources. (iijd.org)
- The government with assistance from the World Bank, has set up the Angolan Support Fund for Fisheries Development. (africa2trust.com)
- Whilst most conflict over resources in North Africa are emerging over the scarcity of resources such as water , the Western Sahara conflict has the potential to be revived over the presence of valuable resources such as fisheries and phosphate. (techsb.ca)
Polisario Front2
- The judicial activism in a relatively uncharted area in this field, external relations, was analyzed through a qualitative case study of the CJEU case Polisario Front , concerning the application of a EU trade agreement to the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara. (lu.se)
- Following years of armed conflict between Morocco and the Algerian-backed Polisario Front, the international community established the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) in 1991. (ipsnews.net)
WSRW1
- Western Sahara Resource Watch (WSRW) has now obtained videos of the place where the explosion allegedly took place. (wsrw.org)
19753
- Morocco has illegally occupied the territory of Western Sahara since 1975, causing half the Saharawi people to flee. (wsrw.org)
- Sahara since 1975. (lu.se)
- In 1975, after Spain agreed to decolonise the territory and cede its control to Morocco and Mauritania, a guerrilla war broke out between those powers and some of the local inhabitants. (wikipedia.org)
Africa3
- Morocco (/məˈrɒkoʊ/ ), officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. (wikipedia.org)
- Algeria is sandwiched between Tunisia and Morocco on the north coast of Africa on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. (istizada.com)
- A territory lying in North-Western Africa, Western Sahara borders Morocco in the north, Algeria in the north-east, Mauritania in the east and in the south, and its north-western coast borders the Atlantic Ocean. (techsb.ca)
India1
- Three countries receive near all of the illegally exported phosphates: Mexico, India and New Zealand. (wsrw.org)
Fundamental human1
- All stock-exchange registered companies that previously imported from the territory have halted the practice, as it was seen to be in violation of international law or fundamental human rights. (wsrw.org)
Mauritania3
- In lieu of a referendum on self-determination, Spain ceded administrative control of the territory to Morocco and Mauritania, two nations that asserted claims over regions in the occupied territory. (iijd.org)
- After a war in which the Frente POLISARIO was victorious, Mauritania and the Frente POLISARIO entered into an agreement in which Mauritania renounced all claims over Western Sahara. (iijd.org)
- Following Spain's withdrawal, Western Sahara was invaded militarily by Morocco and Mauritania. (techsb.ca)
19561
- Following intermittent riots and revolts against colonial rule, in 1956, Morocco regained its independence and reunified. (wikipedia.org)
Occupies3
- Rumours have been circulating the last five days that a bomb had destroyed a section of the 100 kilometer conveyor belt that Morocco uses to export the phosphates from the mine deep inside the part of Western Sahara that it occupies and the coast. (wsrw.org)
- Western Sahara Resource Watch calls on the companies that import phosphate rock from the territory and that provide infrastructure for Morocco in the territory that it occupies, to immediately end their support to the occupation. (wsrw.org)
- Today, Morocco occupies two-thirds of the territory, and efforts to resolve the dispute have thus far failed to break the political deadlock. (wikipedia.org)
Semi-constitutional monarchy1
- Morocco is a unitary semi-constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. (wikipedia.org)
WSRW's1
Saharan4
- In 1991, a truce was negotiated with the promise on a referendum on the right to self-determination of Western Saharan inhabitants, the Sahrawi. (lu.se)
- More controversially, Kosmos now intends to start oil exploration in an area off the Western Saharan coast, known as Cap Boujdour, in October. (ipsnews.net)
- After calling for Western Saharan independence from Spain, Morocco took control of the territory, which it calls the Southern Provinces, in 1976 after the Spanish withdrew. (ipsnews.net)
- Since then, however, both multinational energy firms and Western Saharan advocacy groups have construed the U.N. opinion to favour their respective stances. (ipsnews.net)
Sovereignty1
- In the 15th and 16th centuries, Morocco faced external threats to its sovereignty, with Portugal seizing some territory and the Ottoman Empire encroaching from the east. (wikipedia.org)
20022
- In 2002, Morocco awarded contracts for oil exploration in the Western Sahara to a U.S.-based company, Kerr McGee, and the French-based Total S.A. In response, the United Nations issued what is known as the Corell Opinion regarding the legality of resource extraction in Western Sahara. (ipsnews.net)
- The UN Legal Counsel addressed the Security Council in 2002 stating that the use of mineral resources by an administering power of a non-self-governing territory is legal unless "conducted in disregard of the needs and interests of the people of that territory. (iijd.org)
Sahrawi1
- The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) was proclaimed on 27 February 1976 to fill the legal vacuum in the context of Spain's unfulfilled obligation to lead the territory of Western Sahara to its decolonisation, and the withdrawal of the Spanish administration from the territory. (techsb.ca)
Saharawi2
- The companies that are currently importing the goods without the permission from the Saharawi people are Ballance Agri-Nutrients, Ravensdown, Innophos and Paradeep. (wsrw.org)
- As such, Morocco has no right to exploit the resources in the territory or build infrastructure there without the permission of the Saharawi people. (wsrw.org)
Intended the referendum1
- MINURSO intended the referendum to determine whether the Western Sahara would become an independent state or part of Morocco, but the vote was never able to be implemented due to disagreements over who was eligible to take part. (ipsnews.net)
Controversial1
- Continental's controversial contract in occupied Western Sahara is two weeks away from expiration. (wsrw.org)
Independence2
- Polisario Front1, the liberation movement of Western Sahara, had fought to claim its independence but failed to do so. (lu.se)
- Since independence, Morocco has remained relatively stable. (wikipedia.org)
Ceuta2
- Morocco also claims the Spanish exclaves of Ceuta, Melilla and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera, and several small Spanish-controlled islands off its coast. (wikipedia.org)
- Morocco also claims Ceuta and Melilla , making up about 22.8km2 more claimed territory. (explained.today)
Right to self-deter1
- Morocco is not willing to allow the people the right to self-determination today, and the oil industry is becoming an obstacle in terms of putting pressure in Morocco to accept that right. (ipsnews.net)
Prime minister2
- The executive branch is led by the King of Morocco and the prime minister, while legislative power is vested in the two chambers of parliament: the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors. (wikipedia.org)
- Japan's Prime Minister Hideki Tojo (center) with fellow government representatives of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere . (wikipedia.org)
Borders1
- It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to the east, and the disputed territory of Western Sahara to the south. (wikipedia.org)
Resource Watch1
- Western Sahara Resource Watch works to uncover the plunder of the territory and to keep the companies and governments accountable for their support to the occupation. (wsrw.org)
Violation1
- But it also states that "while the specific contracts … are not in themselves illegal, if further exploration and exploitation activities were to proceed in disregard of the interests and wishes of the people of Western Sahara, they would be in violation of the principles of international law applicable to mineral resource activities in Non-Self-Governing Territories. (ipsnews.net)
Territory4
- The territory in this case is Western Sahara, South of Morocco, who includes the territory as part of its own country. (lu.se)
- Morocco claims ownership of the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara, which it has designated its Southern Provinces. (wikipedia.org)
- This did not change the status of Western Sahara as a non-self-governing territory, and prolonged the referendum. (iijd.org)
- This gave the Frente POLISARIO control over approximately one-third of the territory, leaving Morocco with the other two-thirds. (iijd.org)
Rabat1
- Government and business leaders from the United States and Morocco are gathering in Rabat this week for the second annual Morocco-U.S. Business Development Conference. (ipsnews.net)
Resources3
- Morocco maintains the position that it has the legal right to control Western Sahara, and currently controls not only the government, but the natural resources as well. (iijd.org)
- Western Sahara is an area rich in natural resources. (iijd.org)
- The government-controlled resources have meant a large investment into social services. (istizada.com)
United Nations1
- In 1963, following the passing of the information by Spain, on the basis of Article 73 of the Charter of the United Nations, the UN entered Western Sahara in the list of areas which were not governed independently. (techsb.ca)
Investors2
- The German company Continental used to carry out the maintenance of the rubber elements of the belt, but the company terminated its involvement after critique from the international investors. (wsrw.org)
- This view atom molecule and cluster beams ii cluster beams 's loved the pm government in Chinese and takeout investors exchanging from other inappropriate people to flavorful system floods. (onlinemedsupplies.com)
Population1
- Increased Jewish immigration and the development of proto-state structures led to initial conflicts with the Arab population during this period. (zxc.wiki)
Work1
- The contract of German engineering company Continental that covers maintenance work on the phosphate conveyor belt in occupied Western Sahara expires in five months. (wsrw.org)
People2
- Since Phosphates within a used book how to often are Setting network and Gifted people, favorite restorative Partner can lecture a justice of team. (starkeseiten.de)
- Many people have a limiting narrative about life in the Middle East, and tend to lump the countries all together: assuming they all speak Arabic, are majority Muslim, have economies based on oil, and have non-Democratic governments. (istizada.com)
Chemical1
- If you have on a Bulgarian question, like at State, you can ask an government war on your chemical to hinder lovely it is n't awarded with future. (starkeseiten.de)
State1
- Germany's state-owned development bank will not finance projects in Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)
Business1
Energy2
- French HDF Energy announces its partnership in gigantic green hydrogen production project in occupied Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)
- Morocco has placed a high emphasis on oil and gas exploration in its energy policy. (ipsnews.net)
Administrative1
- The Corell Opinion recognises Morocco as the de facto administrative power of Western Sahara. (ipsnews.net)
North1
- The Marinid and Saadi dynasties otherwise resisted foreign domination, and Morocco was the only North African nation to escape Ottoman dominion. (wikipedia.org)
Human rights2
Power1
- The 'Alawi dynasty, which rules the country to this day, seized power in 1631, and over the next two centuries expanded diplomatic and commercial relations with the Western world. (wikipedia.org)
Kingdom1
- Official position of wartime government was that they were a co-belligerent of the Axis against the USSR and United Kingdom during the Continuation War , but generally considered to be a member of the Axis (see e.g. (wikipedia.org)