• The infrared absorptiometry method employed by the IR-300 Series uses the principle of measuring the absorption of gas molecules in infrared light emitted from an infrared light source. (horiba.com)
  • The signal information is held in the gas absorption line shape, which is obtained by scanning the laser wavelength over the specific absorption line. (servomex.com)
  • The TDLS200 TruePeak analyzer measures the concentration of a gas using laser absorption spectroscopy. (yokogawa.com)
  • Panametrics offers the tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS), which measures the concentration of gas mixtures. (bakerhughes.com)
  • In the framework of European Project BRITESPACE, we propose an all-semiconductor laser source for an Integrated Path Differential Absorption (IPDA) lidar system for column-averaged measurements of atmospheric CO2 in future satellite missions. (upm.es)
  • Any gas has its own spectral absorption characteristics. (flir.com)
  • Other hydrocarbons common in the oil and gas industry - propane or butane, for instance - have their own individual absorption spectra. (flir.com)
  • OGI is a line-of-sight measurement, so it entails measuring the average absorption of the target wavelength over a given distance and using that to calculate concentration. (flir.com)
  • N2O fluxes have also been continuously measured using a tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer at the Cork grassland continuously since July 2002, and two years of closed chamber measurements of CH4 have been made at the Kerry peatland. (ucc.ie)
  • The J22 Gas Analyzer uses patented tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) technology to provide accurate measurement of H 2 O in natural gas. (endress.com)
  • The sensor platform used tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) based on a 2f wavelength modulation (WM) detection technique. (springer.com)
  • Any laser source with a linewidth commensurate with the target gas absorption width and with sufficient power could be substituted. (techbriefs.com)
  • comparing these two light intensities enables measurement of the gas-induced absorption. (techbriefs.com)
  • This project will develop a high accuracy monitor for the photo-chemically coupled pollutants nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone using infrared absorption spectroscopy with quantum cascade (QC) lasers. (nist.gov)
  • In the present work, an optical technique combining laser-induced photofragmentation and tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy is developed for simultaneously measuring the concentration of KOH, KCl and K atoms with a high temporal and spatial resolution. (lu.se)
  • The measured fragmentation-induced K-atom absorbance was correlated to KOH and KCl concertation through a calibration process in a homogenous combustion environment where the concentrations of KOH and KCl were monitored by UV absorption spectroscopy. (lu.se)
  • Based on the author's previous SAE book, Engine Combustion Instrumentation and Diagnostics , this book focuses on laser-based optical techniques for combustion flows and in-cylinder measurements. (sae.org)
  • More recently, satellite observations have allowed for measurements of the variation in gas concentration at remote locations and over larger geographic regions. (utoronto.ca)
  • The CALASET project is a joint research endeavour between University of Toronto and University of Alberta to construct a laser spectrometer for stratospheric balloon measurements of atmospheric gases. (utoronto.ca)
  • To ensure accurate measurements when dealing with low ammonia concentrations, a long optical path length (OPL) is required. (yokogawa.com)
  • Two probes are placed at the level of the tank to make measurements of CO 2 concentration and pH (PLIF). (scirp.org)
  • Since the 14CH4 concentration is depleted in fossil sources with a 14C half-life of 5700 years, measurements of the 14CH4/12CH4 ratio also make it possible to determine the biofractions of biogas and natural gas mixtures, as well as to apportion methane emission sources. (helsinki.fi)
  • Method 21 measurements are made by sucking a small volume of air, with the gas mixed in, into an instrument that uses a chemical sensor or IR detector to check for gas. (flir.com)
  • All CO2 and N2O gas concentration measurements are made at 10 Hz. (ucc.ie)
  • Essentially, the system modified five main parameters, including the concentration and density of the gases and the energy and focus of the laser, and used the resulting measurements to search for an operating point at which the electron beam has the optimum quality. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This review gives an overview of the different fields of research within which LIF measurements are carried out, with focus on gas?liquid systems. (tuhh.de)
  • Laser hygrometer transfer standard for flux measurements on the new research aircraft of TU Braunschweig. (ptb.de)
  • The development of a continuous wave (CW), thermoelectrically cooled (TEC), distributed feedback (DFB) laser diode based spectroscopic trace-gas sensor for ultra-sensitive and selective ethane (C 2 H 6 ) concentration measurements is reported. (springer.com)
  • Traditionally, spectroscopy techniques for long-range chemical sensing separate the "sensitive to x gas" and "insensitive to x gas" atmospheric measurements by quickly switching back and forth between them to reduce errors caused by any atmospheric changes. (techbriefs.com)
  • c) Assume now, that instead of a collimated beam experiment, we make the measurements directly in a gas cell at room temperature. (lu.se)
  • A large variety of techniques are being developed and applied, for example laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) for imaging of species concentrations, coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) for temperature measurements, structured laser illumination for spray characterization, laser-induced incandescence (LII) for characterization of soot particles, and laser radar (LIDAR) concepts for single-ended diagnostics over large distances. (lu.se)
  • The lasers commonly employed in optical microscopy are high-intensity monochromatic light sources, which are useful as tools for a variety of techniques including optical trapping, lifetime imaging studies, photobleaching recovery, and total internal reflection fluorescence. (fsu.edu)
  • In addition, lasers are also the most common light source for scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy, and have been utilized, although less frequently, in conventional widefield fluorescence investigations. (fsu.edu)
  • Illustrated in Figure 1 is a self mode-locked Ti:sapphire pulsed laser, which is currently one of the preferred laser excitation sources in a majority of multiphoton fluorescence microscopy investigations. (fsu.edu)
  • PLIF (Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence) is a technique widely used in the study of fluids. (scirp.org)
  • Title: Laser-induced Fluorescence in Multiphase Systems. (tuhh.de)
  • The laser?induced fluorescence (LIF) imaging is therefore a promising optical measurement technique to characterize concentration fields with high spatial and temporal resolution. (tuhh.de)
  • As a laser beam is transmitted through a combustion environment the interaction between laser photons and atoms/molecules or particles results in scattering or fluorescence, which upon detection can provide information on quantities such as flame temperature and species concentration. (lu.se)
  • These features give the user a true understanding of the actual process though real-time inline concentration measurement. (horiba.com)
  • Our finder allows you to select by key parameters including the gas sensed, the technology used, and the measurement needed. (servomex.com)
  • Tunable Diode Laser (TDL) technology offers a fast-response, accurate measurement that is highly specific to the gas of interest. (servomex.com)
  • Tunable Diode Laser (TDL) analyzers use a single-line "monochromatic" spectroscopic technique that offers highly stable calibration, a continuous, fast, in-situ measurement, and the avoidance of optical cross-interference from other gases. (servomex.com)
  • This requirement for a long beam path ruled out the measurement of NH 3 at an angle that intersects two adjoining sides of a flue gas duct (as shown by points A and B in the photo). (yokogawa.com)
  • The availability of suitable laser sources is one of the main challenges in future space missions for accurate measurement of atmospheric CO2. (upm.es)
  • A standard that would makes sense is Noise Equivalent Concentration Length (NECL), which is a measurement of how much gas over a path of a certain length can be detected above the intrinsic noise of the camera. (flir.com)
  • An older technique for leak detection, Method 21, also provides a concentration measurement in parts per million (ppm) using so-called "sniffers. (flir.com)
  • The limitation of this technique is that it is a spot measurement and can only provide the concentration in a particular place. (flir.com)
  • In this study, we investigated the influence of molecular gas concentration on the electron density measurement. (aps.org)
  • Laser-based measurement systems are required to detect the maximum levels of 0.01 ppb (USA) and 2 ppb (EU). (nanoplus.com)
  • The WACS technique enables the measurement of concentrations of specified target gases within the atmosphere at longer ranges than those achieved by other active optical techniques, while using a much lower-power laser source for a given range. (techbriefs.com)
  • Measuring methane emitted from Arctic tundra Diode-laser based measurement of greenhouse gases in northern Alaska. (swsciences.com)
  • My group recently started the research on metal nanoparticle generation in spark discharge plasma and aerosol epitaxy using advanced operando optical measurement to understand the governing mechanism and to manipulate the epitaxy processes using laser-induced photochemistry. (lu.se)
  • Liquid and solid precursors are delivered to the reaction chamber by controlling the temperature, pressure and the carrier gas flow rate (bubbling method). (horiba.com)
  • So much of the chemistry is done by the laser, which generates graphene in the open air at room temperature. (electroiq.com)
  • To ensure proper cooling and humidity control of the laser crystal, nitrogen gas is pumped into the sealed laser head, which is maintained at constant temperature by an external chiller. (fsu.edu)
  • This technique makes it possible to observe the flows but also the fields of concentration and temperature in a two-phase flow. (scirp.org)
  • When there's a temperature difference between the cooler gas and the warmer background, light at certain wavelengths passing through the gas is absorbed. (flir.com)
  • At the same time, the camera can visualize the gas by noting the temperature difference between the gas and the background, thus providing an image of the gas plume. (flir.com)
  • Air pollutants including natural and anthropogenic aerosols (particles such as sea salt, mineral dust and black carbon) and reactive gases are also measured along with weather and climate indicators like wind speed and direction, rainfall, temperature, humidity and solar radiation. (www.csiro.au)
  • The essential tool for this is the eddy covariance (EC) technique, where the temporal fluctuation of the substance concentration, the gas temperature and vertical wind speed is determined simultaneously and rapidly. (ptb.de)
  • QC lasers are spectroscopically stable and can be operated near room temperature when in pulsed mode. (nist.gov)
  • The uptake studies were performed by varying the experimental conditions such as time, concentration, and temperature, as well as by applying different inhibitors of endocytosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • The uptake of proticles and N-Ter complexes was found to be dependent on time, concentration, and temperature, and different uptake pathways were discovered to be involved in the internalization of the different nanoparticles. (bvsalud.org)
  • According to the Environmental Defense Fund, the more than 80,000 tons of methane emissions since October 23rd have created the greenhouse gas equivalent on the Earth's atmosphere of burning nearly 800 million gallons of gasoline. (sandiegofreepress.org)
  • Inside Climate News describes a mapping effort by Phillips and Robert Ackley of Gas Safety Inc. measuring methane emissions for the past several days near the Aliso Canyon leak. (sandiegofreepress.org)
  • On Tuesday and Wednesday the researchers drove further from the leak and recorded methane concentrations as much as two times higher than background levels, as far as 8 miles away from the site. (sandiegofreepress.org)
  • The valley is home to 1.8 million people including Northridge, Winnetka and Woodland Hills, neighborhoods across the valley where the researchers confirmed increased methane concentrations. (sandiegofreepress.org)
  • The obtained accurate line position information is needed for the development of online in-situ radiocarbon methane detectors based on highly sensitive laser spectroscopy. (helsinki.fi)
  • Here we document how methane-rich groundwater springs have formed in recently revealed forefields of 78 land-terminating glaciers across central Svalbard, bringing deep-seated methane gas to the surface. (nature.com)
  • At sufficiently high pressures and low temperatures, the methane beneath permafrost and glaciers can be trapped as a solid gas hydrate 6 . (nature.com)
  • This study presents evidence that these seepage pathways induce widespread groundwater-driven methane escape from glacial forefields in the Eurasian High Arctic, a region known for its vast subpermafrost gas reserves 1 . (nature.com)
  • In this paper, the total gas flow rates and methane percentages from 10 GGVs were analyzed. (cdc.gov)
  • This paper reviews how simultaneous application of three basic elements reduces the methane explosion hazard at coal mine working faces: (1) adequate ventilation, (2) regular monitoring of gas concentrations, and (3) elimination of ignition sources. (cdc.gov)
  • For example, natural gas, or methane, absorbs light at 3.3 ± 0.1 μm and 7.7 ± 0.1 μm. (flir.com)
  • That tells you the concentration of the methane in that area. (flir.com)
  • If you had a 1-m long tube filled with 100 percent methane, the concentration length would be 1 million ppm x m. (flir.com)
  • The composition of the air arriving at Kennaook / Cape Grim is analysed to determine concentrations of more than 80 different greenhouse gases (GHGs), including carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and synthetic GHGs such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). (www.csiro.au)
  • The detection and localization of gas releases, such as methane from leaking natural gas pipelines or nitrogen oxides from failing electrical equipment, require high sensitivity to the target gas and insensitivity to non-target gases. (techbriefs.com)
  • WACS uses reference gas cells, such as methane buffered by nitrogen, and a low-concentration gas cell that contains the target species to calibrate the transmitter laser tuning and to verify gas sensitivity and specificity. (techbriefs.com)
  • Our brochures detail the appropriate spares resources available for your gas analyzer. (servomex.com)
  • The SG750 stack gas analyzer consists of an infrared gas analyzer unit, a zirconia oxygen analyzer unit, and a sampling unit, and can simultaneously measure up to five components: NOX, SO2, CO2, CO, and O2. (yokogawa.com)
  • The TruePeak TDLS gas analyzer relies on a proprietary peak area integration method and is ideal for in-situ analysis in harsh process environments. (yokogawa.com)
  • Featuring the reliable diagnostic capabilities of Heartbeat Technology, the J22 analyzer determines the concentration of a gas without coming into physical contact with streams. (endress.com)
  • To demonstrate these advantages, the laser was coupled with an advanced spectroscopic sensing method: integrated cavity output spectroscopy (ICOS). (europa.eu)
  • The volatile organic compound samples were collected in multibed sorbent tubes with subsequent analysis via thermal desorption and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. (cdc.gov)
  • The purpose of this laboratory exercise is to illustrate how we may investigate tiny energy splittings in an atomic system using laser spectroscopy. (lu.se)
  • It is necessary to quantify the sources and sinks of the problematic substances: of water vapor, greenhouse gases (CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O), pollutants such as N 2 O from fertilization, NH 3 /CH 4 from intensive livestock farming or NO x and aerosols/fine dust from traffic. (ptb.de)
  • Measuring moisture in semiconductor feed gas Part per billion quantification of water vapor in nitrogen and other gases. (swsciences.com)
  • After condensing each mixture into a film, they treated it with an infrared laser and then heated it in argon gas for half an hour at 750 degrees Celsius. (electroiq.com)
  • Insulating gas, typically argon or krypton, is used in insulating glass windows to enhance its properties. (glassonweb.com)
  • A successful technique employed by some investigators to improve differential interference contrast ( DIC ) images produced with an argon ion laser light source is to position a circular glass wedge, spinning at 2500 revolutions per minute, in the light path. (fsu.edu)
  • On the other hand, in the case of mixture plasma of argon and molecular gas, molecular species also contribute to the relaxation frequency of the metastable level. (aps.org)
  • Quantification of gases in the atmosphere and from emissions sources is essential for understanding the role humans play on global climate change. (utoronto.ca)
  • Unlike many continuous emissions monitoring system (CEMS) analyzers, this does not require preconditioning of the gas. (yokogawa.com)
  • Likewise, our stack gas analyzers can be used to reduce harmful emissions by measuring the concentrations of nitrogen oxide (NOX) and sulfur oxide (SOX) in stack gas. (yokogawa.com)
  • As an example, radioactive gaseous emissions of light water nuclear reactors and their decommissioning sites can be monitored by measuring the 14CH4 concentration. (helsinki.fi)
  • Laser diode thermal desorption (LDTD) is an ionization technique that is coupled to mass spectrometry to analyze samples with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). (wikipedia.org)
  • An infrared laser diode array (980 nm) is collimated to heat the back of the sample holder causing the desorption of the molecules. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 2006, the Clinch River power plant installed nine tunable diode laser (TDL) analyzers to measure ammonia slip from the SNCRs. (yokogawa.com)
  • The frequency of a tunable diode laser was scanned over the Doppler width of the $\rm 4s[3/2]^o_2 - 4p[3/2]_2$ transition (763.51 nm). (aps.org)
  • Diode Laser-Based Ketone and Aldehyde Detection , S. E. Massick, U. S. Patent 7,790,467 issued Sept 7 2010. (swsciences.com)
  • A very simple type of laser, still capable of (limited) wavelength scanning, is the diode laser, which we are going to use. (lu.se)
  • The diode laser emits intense and invisible light (780 nm). (lu.se)
  • Compared to other light sources, the extremely pure wavelength ranges emitted by the laser have a bandwidth and phase relationship that is unparalleled by tungsten-halogen or arc-discharge lamps. (fsu.edu)
  • Ti:sapphire mode-locked lasers provide a large wavelength tuning range, from about 690 to over 1050 nanometers, with pulse widths approximately 100 femtoseconds in length. (fsu.edu)
  • Shutters enable either side of the nominally symmetrical Thomson spectrum to be examined, or permit summing equally spaced channels on opposite sides of the spectrum from the incident laser wavelength. (dtic.mil)
  • The system consists of a reconfigurable 3.2 to 3.8-μm-wavelength laser source with 5GHz linewidth and ~30-MHz wavelength stability that is tunable to the target gas species, and a self-referencing detector that is tuned to the laser source. (techbriefs.com)
  • When a medium-which can be gas, liquid, solid, or free particle-is stimulated by an energy source in a controlled and methodical manner, the light emitted is of a single wavelength particular to the medium (ie, monochromatic) and is intense or high energy, coherent (travels in a constant phase in time and space), and collimated (travels in the same direction). (medscape.com)
  • The concentration of gases in the atmosphere are constantly changing. (utoronto.ca)
  • Due to anthropogenic activities since the industrial revolution, the concentrations of greenhouse gases in our atmosphere have reached record levels that have never been seen before. (utoronto.ca)
  • SNCRs are a refitted post-combustion technology that reduces the amount of NOx released into the atmosphere by injecting an ammonia (NH 3 ) reagent into the flue gas. (yokogawa.com)
  • Ammonia slip, or the emission of ammonia gas into the atmosphere, can occur due to incomplete mixing of the ammonia reagent with the NOx or the injection of excessive amounts of ammonia. (yokogawa.com)
  • Additional cargo bay payloads: Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SSBUV) instrument flying for eighth time and designed to measure ozone concentrations in atmosphere. (nasa.gov)
  • Annual (blue bars) and decadal (red horizontal lines) growth rates of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. (www.csiro.au)
  • The WACS system uses a spectrally self-referencing technique to decouple the target gas from the background atmosphere. (techbriefs.com)
  • To detect and discriminate gas clouds, a single, relatively broadband laser source is transmitted through the atmosphere, and the laser's spectral deformation by the material it passes through is measured in a receiver. (techbriefs.com)
  • This is useful in many practical applications, e.g. measuring the concentration of oxygen in a respiratory tube in an operating room or air pollutants in the atmosphere across a city. (lu.se)
  • The gas-phase neutral molecules are then transported through a transfer tube, which is pneumatically and sequentially inserted into each well, with a carrier gas into a corona discharge region to undergo an atmospheric pressure ionization. (wikipedia.org)
  • The carrier gas used is compressed air which contains a concentration of water between 3 and 1800 ppm to be able to efficiently protonate the molecules. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two laser sheets with a thickness of about 1 mm at wavelengths of 266 and 355 nm, respectively, were adopted to photodissociate KOH and KCl molecules into K atoms. (lu.se)
  • Thanks to having a more powerful laser light source than competing products, the TDLS200 is able to measure ammonia slip in the flue gas of a coal-fired power plant. (yokogawa.com)
  • Yokogawa oxygen analyzers measure the oxygen (O2) concentration in flue gas. (yokogawa.com)
  • My research has been developing and applying in situ laser/optical spectroscopic diagnostics in combustion and other harsh gas flows, e.g. hot flue gas and plasma. (lu.se)
  • The infrared spectrometer uses a quantum cascade laser and a multi-pass Herriott cell to measure CO2 and N2O concentrations in situ, creating atmospheric profiles from the ground up to altitudes close to the edges of space. (utoronto.ca)
  • The purpose of this conference was to bring together the science of recently funded research projects on Greenhouse gases (GHGs) in Ireland. (ucc.ie)
  • Formaldehyde has been measured in blood by gas chromatography (GC) in conjunction with mass spectrometry (MS) after derivatization of the formaldehyde to the pentafluorophenylhydrazone (Heck et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Formaldehyde has been determined in "biologicals" (vaccines) at concentrations as low as 100 ppb following the formation of the formaldehyde phenylhydrazone (Shrivastaw and Singh 1995). (cdc.gov)
  • Research studies have confirmed that this smoke plume can contain toxic gases and vapors such as benzene, hydrogen cyanide, and formaldehyde, bioaerosols, dead and live cellular material (including blood fragments), and viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Since then formaldehyde concentrations have been strictly controlled in the production process as well as in the finished product. (nanoplus.com)
  • Further methods for the determination of substance fluxes aim to record spatial concentration gradients by means of spectroscopic methods in combination with dedicated gas release and detection studies as have been investigated in the IMPRESS and IMPRESS2 projects on PTB's 600 m reference measuring section. (ptb.de)
  • The optical system is made up of a light source, gas cell and double beam detectors. (horiba.com)
  • Laser marking" stands for marking or labeling of workpieces and materials with a laser beam. (troteclaser.com)
  • The heat effect of the laser beam causes an oxidation process underneath the material surface, resulting in a color change on the metal surface. (troteclaser.com)
  • In the staining method, the heat effect generated by the laser beam causes a chemical reaction in the material. (troteclaser.com)
  • Consequently, the laser beam removes the material. (troteclaser.com)
  • During removing, the laser beam removes the top coats applied to the substrate. (troteclaser.com)
  • During foaming, the laser beam melts a material. (troteclaser.com)
  • Laser-induced graphene, created by the Rice lab of chemist James Tour last year, is a flexible film with a surface of porous graphene made by exposing a common plastic known as polyimide to a commercial laser-scribing beam. (electroiq.com)
  • Environmental monitoring was conducted at an indu5trial facility to qualitatively identify the major contaminants generated while cutting fabrics and polymers with a 25 W CO2 continuous beam laser. (cdc.gov)
  • Lasers emit intense packets of monochromatic light that are coherent and highly collimated to form a tight beam with a very low rate of expansion. (fsu.edu)
  • If the path length or coherence state of the laser beam fluctuates at a faster interval than the detector integration time (in effect, the video frame rate), the speckle and scattering artifacts disappear from the image. (fsu.edu)
  • Rapid variations in optical path length are introduced by differences in wedge thickness as the wedge rotates in front of the expanded laser beam. (fsu.edu)
  • The coherence and polarization characteristics of a laser beam are measured by the distribution of light in the beam cross-section, or profile, which changes with increasing distance from the exit mirror of the laser. (fsu.edu)
  • The following discussion of laser beam characteristics is presented as a general overview of the subject that may prove useful in employing lasers in microscope imaging, laser trapping, and other applications. (fsu.edu)
  • When a laser operates in the simplest transverse electromagnetic mode , referred to as the TEM(00) mode, the emitted beam has a planar wave front and a Gaussian intensity (irradiance) profile. (fsu.edu)
  • The laser module includes the beam forming optics and the thermoelectric coolers. (upm.es)
  • A typical spatial resolution of 1 mm 3 was realized where the value depended on the overlap volume of the UV laser sheet and the 766 nm laser beam. (lu.se)
  • 85Rb and 87Rb), recorded using a narrow band laser that excites a collimated beam of Rb-atoms. (lu.se)
  • Q switch is a mechanism used to deliver a pulsed beam, and this provides energy at much higher densities and longer duration, but also with greater frequency, thus optimizing the laser output. (medscape.com)
  • Scattering of laser energy may result in collateral, nonthermal damage to surrounding tissue, while the reflection of a laser beam can lead to effects outside the body of the patient, as in airway fires and injury to operating room personnel. (medscape.com)
  • The molecular diffusivities of larger PAHs and soot particles approach zero leading to differential diffusion with gas-phase species. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • The present work systematically quantifies the impact on soot moments, soot related statistical correlations and Particle Size Distributions (PSDs) using a fully coupled transported joint probability density function (JPDF) method featuring a 78-dimensional joint-scalar space, including enthalpy, gas phase species with the PSD discretised using 62 size classes via a mass and number density preserving sectional method. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Similar observations are made for correlations between the soot volume fraction and the mass fractions of gas-phase species such as CO, OH, H and C2H2. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • A mass and number density preserving sectional model is here combined with a transported joint-scalar probability density function (JDPF) method that enables a fully coupled scalar space of soot, gas-phase species and enthalpy. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • The importance of differential diffusion between soot and gas-phase species intensifies with pressure with the impact on PSDs more evident for larger particles which tend to be transported towards the fuel rich centreline leading to reduced soot oxidation. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Room suction systems can pull at a much lower rate and were designed primarily to capture liquids rather than particulate or gases. (cdc.gov)
  • The TDL system consists of a laser light source, transmitting optics, an optically accessible absorbing medium, receiving optics and detector(s). (servomex.com)
  • The flexibility of the mechanical designed of our set-up arrangement allows the instrument to be used with other QC lasers at other wavelengths without changing the EC configuration. (europa.eu)
  • If instead the gas is hotter and the background is cooler, the gas then emits rather than absorbs at certain wavelengths. (flir.com)
  • A scanning electron microscope image shows cobalt-infused metal oxide-laser induced graphene produced at Rice University. (electroiq.com)
  • How to measure water moisture in pipelines in the natural gas supply chain with TDLAS technology. (endress.com)
  • Follow this guide to find out what TDLAS and QF technology application notes are available for the Oil & Gas and Chemical industries. (endress.com)
  • Continuous wave quantum cascade lasers (cw-QCLs) are infrared sources which became popular for numerous applications concerning i.e. military and security purposes, medical research, environmental studies, industrial processes, analytical chemistry, and metrology. (europa.eu)
  • The modulator section is required by the Random Modulated Continuous Wave (RM-CW) approach that has been selected as the best adapted to semiconductor laser. (upm.es)
  • The pattern of laser output may be continuous or pulsed. (medscape.com)
  • A pulsed laser delivers higher peak power, measured in joules (watts per second) than does a continuous wave laser, the energy of which is measured in watts. (medscape.com)
  • External cavity build around infrared semiconductor lasers are used to combine the broadband emission gain of a laser with the spectral selectivity of a grating for single mode operation. (europa.eu)
  • Semiconductor lasers are superior to other types of lasers in terms of reliability, compactness and efficiency, but they cannot provide the high peak power required by the application. (upm.es)
  • Applications include military and civil chemical monitoring, detection of gas pipeline leaks, and indoor chemical monitoring in factories or semiconductor fabrication facilities. (techbriefs.com)
  • A high optical intensity and long-life light source combined with high-speed signal processing enables the IR-300 Series to achieve faster, more repeatable responses to changes in precursor concentration. (horiba.com)
  • The external cavity, developed in this project consists of the following parts: L - a QC laser chip, l - a collimating lens (AR coated for 7 - 14 µm with focusing distance of 4 mm), G - a aluminium diffraction grating (150 groves/mm, blazed at 10.6 µm), and M - a gold mirror. (europa.eu)
  • It consists of several toxic and carcinogenic gases. (nanoplus.com)
  • A laser consists, in essence, of a medium (solid, liquid, or gas) that, when excited with a source of energy, releases particles in the free state. (medscape.com)
  • The application of a novel ultra-sensitive photoacoustic gas sensor is proposed to allow for online monitoring of an intravenously administered anaesthetic agent, which is exhaled at trace levels with the patient's breath during surgery. (europa.eu)
  • We respond to a real and acute need for clinical online monitoring of anaesthetic concentrations in the patient's blood stream during surgery. (europa.eu)
  • The most common methods include temporally scrambling laser light by rapidly varying the optical path length between the light source and the microscope, or scanning the specimen point by point as is the case in confocal microscopy systems. (fsu.edu)
  • Standard IPDA systems use high peak power optical pulses at two sounding frequencies to calculate the column averaged gas concentration. (upm.es)
  • Optical gas imaging (OGI) is increasingly being used in the oil and gas industry to detect leaks. (flir.com)
  • Frequency-resolved optical gating, an ultrafast laser diagnostic. (swsciences.com)
  • One of the activities within the LLC is the study of combustion processes using optical diagnostic techniques, the majority of which are based on lasers. (lu.se)
  • The papers will be syntheses, reviews and summaries of the work on greenhouse gas fluxes carried out in Ireland over the past five years. (ucc.ie)
  • We have applied models at the plot and field scale to model the greenhouse gas fluxes from the two different ecosystems and a water table manipulation experiment has examined the effect of drainage on CO2 fluxes from blanket peat. (ucc.ie)
  • We offer accurate and reliable gas analysis for hazardous and safe area applications, including ultra-low detection and portable products. (servomex.com)
  • The deformations are matched to targeted materials, enabling the detection and discrimination of gas clouds at very low concentrations (~1 part per trillion by volume) over tens of kilometers. (techbriefs.com)
  • What's left is a darkened area with higher carbon concentration. (troteclaser.com)
  • Carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, and particulates were also assessed, and a bulk sample of residue from the laser exhaust duct was analyzed for inorganic acids, pH, and volatile organic compounds. (cdc.gov)
  • Carbon monoxide was not detected above background (2 ppm) during any of the laser cutting trials. (cdc.gov)
  • Breakdown into elemental carbon, with formation of gas and smoke, occurs at temperatures of several hundred degrees Celsius. (medscape.com)
  • For example, if a light plastic material is discolored during laser etching, soot particles may be produced that will result in a dark marking. (troteclaser.com)
  • Ammonia is a toxic gas and its emission contributes to ozone depletion. (yokogawa.com)
  • The impact of differential diffusion between soot and gas-phase particles is included by a gradual decline of diffusivity among soot sections. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • The proof that the particles are smoke from wildfires was made possible by a new technique: smoke particles are of biological origin and glow when illuminated with UV light from a laser. (leibniz-gemeinschaft.de)
  • A second sensor not tuned to the particles of interest corrects for false alarms caused by atmospheric turbulence, variable atmospheric transmission, and other non-target gases. (techbriefs.com)
  • The Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) also contributes to the atmospheric composition program, measuring the naturally occurring radioactive gas 222 Radon. (www.csiro.au)
  • This approach compensates for spectral drift, atmospheric contaminants, and atmospheric scintillation, while simplifying the technical requirements of the laser (e.g., stability, power). (techbriefs.com)
  • Laser generated air contaminants released during laser cutting of fabrics and polymer. (cdc.gov)
  • Area samples collected outside the laser enclosure suggested the local exhaust ventilation system sufficiently contained the air contaminants. (cdc.gov)
  • Yokogawa gas analyzers measure the oxygen concentration in the stack gas so that adjustments can be made in the O2 supply that will improve combustion efficiency and burn off more residual gas components. (yokogawa.com)
  • During the carbonizing process the laser heats up the surface of the material (minimum 100° C) and oxygen, hydrogen or a combination of both gases is emitted. (troteclaser.com)
  • With the discovery, the material that the researchers call "metal oxide-laser induced graphene" (MO-LIG) becomes a new candidate to replace expensive metals like platinum in catalytic fuel-cell applications in which oxygen and hydrogen are converted to water and electricity. (electroiq.com)
  • The chemical uses of laser are seen in photodynamic therapy in which a photosensitizer drug concentrates in neoplastic tissue and is then activated with laser light to release free oxygen radicals that destroy the abnormal tissue. (medscape.com)
  • Hydrogen cyanide was detected during the laser cutting of felt (15 ppm) and Formicate(8-10 ppm). (cdc.gov)
  • This imaging technique, which relies on thermal cameras that measure changes in infrared (IR) radiation as it passes through gas, is still relatively new and no official standard exists to characterize how good a job any particular camera does at detecting leaks, or to say how small a leak a given camera can find. (flir.com)
  • Portable natural gas leak detector, M. E. Paige et al. (swsciences.com)
  • This non-contact, non-depleting sensing is used in our innovative, compact SERVOTOUGH Laser 3 Plus range of analyzers. (servomex.com)
  • Although, Sparklike devices measure insulating gas concentration, it can detect gas leakage inside the IG units or whether the gas fill machine is broken. (glassonweb.com)
  • OGI provides a straightforward and affordable method to visualize plumes of gas that would otherwise be invisible, allowing companies to trace and repair the source of the leaks. (flir.com)
  • Measure trace gases with confidence. (swsciences.com)
  • Various filtering and cleaning processes also exist which remove or inactivate airborne gases and vapors. (cdc.gov)
  • Laser marking is one of the fastest marking processes available in the market. (troteclaser.com)
  • This reduces the potential for struvite precipitation, moderates P loads on biological nutrient removal processes and lowers P concentration in the final effluent. (surrey.ac.uk)
  • Some studies are oriented towards phenomenological investigations of combustion processes and cold flows, while others are of a more applied nature, where the same processes are investigated in practical combustion devices, such as internal combustion engines and gas turbines. (lu.se)
  • All the components are placed into a compact A4-size housing box, flushed with nitrogen gas to avoid water condensation. (europa.eu)
  • At high concentrations the smoke causes ocular and upper respiratory tract irritation in health care personnel, and creates visual problems for the surgeon. (cdc.gov)
  • The movie was recorded at 10,000fps by a high speed video camera sychronised to a laser operating at the repetition rate. (sae.org)
  • Thanks to the high precision of laser marking, even very delicate graphics, 1-point fonts and very small geometries will turn out clearly legible. (troteclaser.com)
  • At the same time, marking with the laser ensures constant high-quality results. (troteclaser.com)
  • As a result, laser light beams can travel over long distances and can be expanded to fill apertures or focused to a very small spot with a high level of brightness. (fsu.edu)
  • A growing number of electronic applications within the Air Force, such as devices for power conditioning and distribution, RF power amplification, and high power lasers have been identified for increased heat transfer requirements to maintain operational temperatures at acceptable levels while increasing the performance through higher power. (sbir.gov)
  • Targeted therapy uses targeted drugs to maintain a high concentration of the drug in the tumor area, improving the killing efficiency of cancer cells while avoiding damage to other normal cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • The high power densities of a pulsed laser produce nonthermal interactions with tissue, which is a useful adjunct to the primary purpose for which the laser is used (eg, in lithotripsy procedures). (medscape.com)
  • Oral lesions treated with laser surgery include aphthous ulcers, lymphangiomas, hemangiomas, and verrucous carcinomas. (medscape.com)
  • An intense laser pulse generates a wave within the channel, which can capture and accelerate electrons from the plasma. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In addition, these lasers have sufficient power (greater than 100 milliwatts throughout the tuning range) for saturation of two-photon excitation in most fluorophores. (fsu.edu)
  • A central channel, use to monitor Rayleigh scattering, enables a simultaneous determination of true gas-kinetic temperatures. (dtic.mil)
  • Our stable, reliable gas analysis solutions measure over 20 gases with industry-leading accuracy and stability. (servomex.com)
  • A dentist applies concentrated bleach and uses a laser light to enhance the chemical reaction. (cdhp.org)
  • The laboratory is equipped with a Bruker Aurora Elite ICP-MS and a 193 nm Cetac Analyte G2 excimer laser installed with a two volume HelEx2 sample cell . (lu.se)
  • Adding to the mass spectrometer's software-controlled parameters, three other parameters can be varied to achieve a higher sensibility or reproducibility: the carrier gas flow, the laser power and the laser gradient. (wikipedia.org)
  • Today's Los Angeles Times says the attempts to plug the leaking natural gas well have created a crater 25 feet deep, 80 feet long and 30 feet wide, destabilizing the well-head and increasing the danger of a blowout. (sandiegofreepress.org)
  • That natural gas also creates the risk of a massive fire if ignited by a spark. (sandiegofreepress.org)
  • The two-mile long depleted oil reserve that houses the gas is the largest natural gas storage field west of the Mississippi River. (sandiegofreepress.org)
  • Each fall it is pumped with as much as 86 billion cubic feet of natural gas to run power plants and heat homes in Los Angeles during the winter. (sandiegofreepress.org)
  • If you're looking for natural gas leaks, it's a simple matter to use the IR camera to measure how much of the radiation is being absorbed by gas in a given volume of air. (flir.com)
  • The DFB emission is tuned and stabilized by an offset locking technique referenced to a CO2 gas cell. (upm.es)
  • This reduction in cleaning gas usage leads to a reduction in chamber damage and increases the life times of all the systems components. (horiba.com)
  • The laser parameters were standardized to allow for meaningful comparison of results tor each target material. (cdc.gov)
  • In cases where pressures are too low for gas hydrate stability, increased summer mass losses of glaciers are able to recharge groundwater aquifers beneath the permafrost and encourage the migration of gas to the surface 12 . (nature.com)