Concentration dependent bactericidal activity aminoglycosides. Medical search. Frequent questions

Aminoglycoside antibiotics such as paromomycin can cause oto- and nephrotoxicity. (hyperdrug.co.uk)
There are some gram-positive Staphyloccus that are sensitive to amikacin although generally the aminoglycosides are combined with other antibiotics when both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria are present. (wedgewoodpharmacy.com)
Aminoglycoside antibiotics have poor activity in the presence of pus and cellular debris. (wedgewoodpharmacy.com)
If renal function or hydration status is questionable, other antibiotics outside the aminoglycoside family may be preferable. (wedgewoodpharmacy.com)
Systemic use of amikacin and other aminoglycoside antibiotics are usually reserved for serious illnesses because of the risk of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. (wedgewoodpharmacy.com)
When using amikacin or other aminoglycoside antibiotics, monitoring of renal function and peak trough drug concentrations can be very useful to decrease the risks of nephrotoxicity. (wedgewoodpharmacy.com)
Antibiotics should be selected not only based on the efficacy against the organism, but also at its ability to achieve therapeutic concentrations at the site of the infection. (vin.com)
Antibiotics with time-dependent killing (beta lactams and most bacteriostatic drugs) work best with continual exposure to drug concentrations above the MIC. (vin.com)
Time-dependent antibiotics should be given at the recommended intervals. (vin.com)
For antibiotics with concentration-dependent killing (e.g., aminoglycosides), the higher the concentration, the greater the effect. (vin.com)
Aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin) are bactericidal antibiotics used to treat infections caused by Gram-negative organisms. (medicinesinformation.co.nz)
Aminoglycosides are broad-spectrum antibiotics whose mechanism of action is under debate. (elifesciences.org)
Aminoglycosides are a potent class of translation inhibitor antibiotics with a broad activity spectrum. (elifesciences.org)
In vitro inactivation of aminoglycoside antibiotics by beta-lactam antibiotics is well doc-umented. (elephantcare.org)
Pharmacology - Tobramycin, like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics, act on susceptible bacteria presumably by irreversibly binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit thereby inhibit-ing protein synthesis. (elephantcare.org)
The aminoglycoside antibiotics are inactive against fungi, viruses and most anaerobic bacteria. (elephantcare.org)
The inherent toxicity of the aminoglycosides limit their systemic use to serious infec-tions when there is either a documented lack of susceptibility to other less toxic antibiotics or when the clinical situation dictates immediate treatment of a presumed gram negative infection before culture and susceptibility results are reported. (elephantcare.org)
Systemically absorbed antibiotics such as quinolones and sulfonamides are readily taken up into the bloodstream if given orally, which makes them difficult to retain high concentrations at the site of enteric infections 9 , 10 . (nature.com)
Poorly absorbed oral antibiotics such as aminoglycosides and β-lactam families allow localized enteric targeting of pathogens 11 . (nature.com)
Antibiotics is a group of drugs or substance or compounds which inhibits or completely stops growth or kills bacteria , fungi or yeasts or protozoa , when present in very minute concentration , these are mostly metabolites produced by microorganisms which antagonizes the microbial growth it self if present in very low concentration. (pharmacistspharmajournal.org)
Since most of these antibiotics are excreted primarily via glomerular filtration in kidneys, renal functions are critical factors affecting antimicrobial concentration [ 4 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Its biological activity is due to interference with peptidyltransferase activity at the 50S ribosomal subunit, which is near the site of action of macrolide antibiotics and for which there can be competition (Yunis, 1988). (veteriankey.com)

In the absence of voltage, aminoglycosides are taken into cells and exert bacteriostatic effects by inhibiting translation. (elifesciences.org)
The tetracyclines, macrolides and pleuromutilins exert primarily a bacteriostatic effect and the quinolones, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim/sulphas and penicillins a bactericidal effect. (octagon-services.co.uk)
The bacteriostatic antimicrobials are therefore time dependent on their killing effect where as the bactericidal ones are more concentration dependent, except for the penicillins. (octagon-services.co.uk)
Indeed, rates of S. pneumoniae resistance to The use of bactericidal rather than bacteriostatic agents as penicillin now exceed 40% in many regions, and a high pro- first-line therapy is recommended because the eradication of portion of these strains are also resistant to macrolides. (cdc.gov)
Levofla is a bacterial medication or antibiotic that exhibits a bacteriostatic activity, they act by inhibiting the growth of bacteria. (arvidweb.com)

Amikacin has no activity against fungi, or most anaerobic bacteria. (wedgewoodpharmacy.com)
Cefin Injection has a broad spectrum activity in vitro which includes Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic and some anaerobic bacteria. (drugstocker.com)

Use of the product deviating from the given instructions may increase the prevalence of bacteria resistant to paromomycin and may decrease the effectiveness of treatment with aminoglycosides due to the potential for cross-resistance. (hyperdrug.co.uk)
Sensitivity of gram-negative bacteria is less predictable, but most enteric gram-negative bacteria will be susceptible to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides or second or third generation cephalosporins. (vin.com)
The in vitro spectrum of activity of daptomycin encompasses most clinically relevant Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. (globalrph.com)
Often there is an MIC50 figure, which means that concentration will inhibit 50% of the different bacterial strains of bacteria tested. (octagon-services.co.uk)
Accordingly, he examined the inhibitory effect of comprehensive strategy that includes, whenever possible, the various chemicals on the growth and viability of bacteria and selection of antibacterial agents in dosages sufficient to be directly applied the results to the practice of medicine by bactericidal (13). (cdc.gov)
The helper-drug can target gene products that by any mechanism aid bacteria to resist higher concentrations of an antimicrobial ( Pieren and Tigges, 2012 ). (frontiersin.org)
This effect prevents cell wall synthesis and produces a rapid bactericidal effect in dividing bacteria. (msdvetmanual.com)
It has a broad spectrum of activity especially against gram negative bacteria and has relatively long half-life. (drugstocker.com)
The enterohepatic cycling of some drugs is dependent on intestinal bacteria that hydrolyze drug conjugates excreted by the bile and thereby enable the more lipid-soluble parent compound to be reabsorbed into the circulation. (spiritsong.org)
These disadvantages still exist, but the activity of chloramphenicol against bacteria (e.g., staphylococci) that are resistant to other oral drugs has created increased use of chloramphenicol in recent years. (veteriankey.com)

It interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis during active replication, causing bactericidal activity against susceptible organisms. (medscape.com)
Cefin has bactericidal activity resulting from the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis ultimately leading to cell death. (drugstocker.com)
The bactericidal activity of ceftriaxone results from inhibition of cell wall synthesis. (drugstocker.com)

Doxycycline and minocycline are more potent semisynthetic analogues discovered in 1966 and 1972 respectively, after which there were no significant developments until the introduction, in 2005, of tigecycline (a glycylglycine derivative), which is generally more potent again than other tetracyclines and maintains activity against some organisms that have become resistant to earlier members of the group. (microbiologyinfo.com)
The mechanism of action of Bac-Off® is distinct from that of penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, macrolides, and tetracyclines. (cell-systems.com)

Vancomycin is able to penetrate inflamed meninges and obtain appropriate CSF concentrations but does not achieve appropriate concentrations otherwise. (msdvetmanual.com)
Vancomycin appears to be synergistic with aminoglycosides. (msdvetmanual.com)
Routine antibiotic analysis in clinical laboratories is usually limited to aminoglycosides and vancomycin to prevent their nephro- and oto- toxic effects [ 5 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that is used to treat serious gram-negative bacterial infections. (wedgewoodpharmacy.com)
Amikacin has a broader spectrum of activity than some of the other members of this group and is often used for bacterial infections resistant to gentamicin. (wedgewoodpharmacy.com)
The bactericidal properties of amikacin are concentration dependent and there is significant bactericidal activity even after drug concentrations are below the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). (wedgewoodpharmacy.com)
Amikacin and other aminoglycosides are eliminated via the kidney and can be nephrotoxic. (wedgewoodpharmacy.com)
Amikacin and other aminoglycosides are commonly used in ophthalmic preparations to treat corneal ulcers. (wedgewoodpharmacy.com)

The studies supporting this theory generally administered ~3.375g of piperacillin-tazobactam every 8 hours during a 4-hour infusion, while for organisms with higher minimum inhibitory concentrations, ~4.5g of piperacillin-tazobactam was administered every 6 hours during a 3-hour infusion. (wikipedia.org)
Antibiotic concentration should be maintained above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for at least a portion of the time to be effective. (vin.com)
Aminoglycosides demonstrate concentration-dependent bactericidal activity, which is optimal when the maximum concentration (C max ) is ≥ 10 times the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the organism. (medicinesinformation.co.nz)
This has been demonstrated both by time-kill curves and by MBC/MIC ratios (minimum bactericidal concentration/minimum inhibitory concentration) using broth dilution methodology. (globalrph.com)
For example, inactivation of genes encoding for subunits of the ATP synthase, atpA , atpB , atpG and atpH , reduced the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of gentamicin 16-fold. (frontiersin.org)
that large and complex networks of both established and yet uncharacterized gene products contribute to reduce the inhibitory activity of antimicrobial agents. (frontiersin.org)
Bac-Off® is formulated at MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) to inhibit the growth of most bacterial agents and control contamination in cell culture, without harming the cells. (cell-systems.com)
Bac-Off® is delivered as a 500X concentrate which, at working strength (1:500 v/v dilution in complete medium) exhibits Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) according to standard protocols against the listed species of microorganism. (cell-systems.com)
The clinical effectiveness of beta-lactams is based on the time that their unbound fraction spent above the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the susceptible microorganisms [ 1 ] [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

Daptomycin exhibits rapid, concentration-dependent bactericidal activity against Gram-positive organisms in vitro. (globalrph.com)
Daptomycin maintained bactericidal activity in vitro against stationary phase S. aureus in simulated endocardial vegetations. (globalrph.com)
Bac-Off® contains the synthetic fluoroquinone Ciprofloxacin, with a wide range of in vitro activity against a wide range of Gram-negative and Gram-positive microorganisms. (cell-systems.com)

It is less nephrotoxic than gentamicin although all aminoglycosides have the potential for both renal and otic toxicity. (wedgewoodpharmacy.com)
These peak concentrations correspond to an area under the concentration-time curve (AUC 24 ) of 70-100 mg/L.h for gentamicin and tobramycin. (medicinesinformation.co.nz)
Gentamicin efficacy was significantly improved, when treating larvae infected with the atpA mutant compared to wild type cells with gentamicin at a clinically relevant concentration. (frontiersin.org)

Aminoglycosides and sulfonamides are only effective against aerobic organisms, while nitroimidazoles are generally only effective for anaerobes. (microbiologyinfo.com)
It is indicated for the prophylaxis or treatment of mild to moderately severe upper respiratory tract infections caused by organisms susceptible to low concentrations of penicillin G. (medscape.com)
T Concentration of disinfectant: the concentration of disinfectant as well as the type of organisms is also important. (spiritsong.org)

Penicillin G interferes with the synthesis of cell wall mucopeptide during active multiplication, resulting in bactericidal activity against susceptible microorganisms. (medscape.com)
It inhibits bacterial growth, possibly by blocking dissociation of peptidyl tRNA from ribosomes, causing RNA-dependent protein synthesis to arrest. (medscape.com)
Recently antibiotic refers to a substance produced by microorganisms or to a similar substance (produced wholly or partly by chemical synthesis, which in lower concentration inhibits the growth of other microorganism. (microbiologyinfo.com)
It inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase prevents transcription and protein synthesis. (pharmacistspharmajournal.org)

The piperacillin-tazobactam (piptaz) antibiotic commonly used with an aminoglycoside retains similar levels of drug safety and efficacy as other antibiotic combinations such as ceftazidime with the aminoglycoside tobramycin in the treatment of patients with hospital acquired pneumonia. (wikipedia.org)
Chemistry - An aminoglycoside derived from Streptomyces tenebrarius , tobramycin oc-curs as a white to off-white, hygroscopic powder that is freely soluble in water and very slightly soluble in alcohol. (elephantcare.org)
Pharmacokinetics - Tobramycin, like the other aminoglycosides is not appreciably ab-sorbed after oral or intrauterine administration, but it is absorbed from topical administra-tion (not skin or urinary bladder) when used in irrigations during surgical procedures. (elephantcare.org)

The pharmacokinetics of Cefin are largely determined by its concentration-dependent binding to plasma albumin. (drugstocker.com)

An antibiotic was originally defined in the 1940s as a substance produced by one microorganism which, in low concentrations, inhibited the growth of other microorganisms. (microbiologyinfo.com)
They have limited activity and are primarily only useful against particular species of microorganisms either Gram positive or Gram negative. (microbiologyinfo.com)

The bacteriostastic ("working strength" 1:500) and bacteriocidal ("double strength" 1:250) activity of Bac-Off® results from inhibition of the bacterial enzymes topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV. (cell-systems.com)

However, the co-administration of tazobactam does not confer activity against MRSA, as penicillin (and most other beta lactams) do not avidly bind to the penicillin-binding proteins of this pathogen. (wikipedia.org)
Bactericidal activity is achieved with specific classes of antimicrobial agents as well as by com- pneumoniae isolates were resistant to penicillin and 16.5% bination therapy. (cdc.gov)

Aminoglycosides concentrate in the urine at higher concentrations than in the plasma, so an AUC 24 at the lower end of the range (e.g. 70 mg/L.h) is usually sufficient for a urinary tract infection. (medicinesinformation.co.nz)

The concentrations that can be found in blood (serum), for systemic infections, lung for respiratory infections and eggs for vertically transmitted infections are described as far as possible. (octagon-services.co.uk)

This is known as the 'first-pass' effect that can alter the activity of therapeutic agents. (veteriankey.com)
The dose or concentration required to bring about 50% of a drug's maximal effect A. Potency D. Kd B. ED50 E. Therapeutic index C. Efficacy 6. (kupdf.net)

Its efficacy is time dependent. (msdvetmanual.com)
This phenomenon is called time-dependent killing [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

When used alone, piperacillin lacks strong activity against the Gram-positive pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, as the beta-lactam ring is hydrolyzed by the bacteria's beta-lactamase. (wikipedia.org)
The organic extract of the acidic culture displayed an antivirulence activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). (bvsalud.org)
All the isolated compounds, 1 showed anti-virulence activity by significantly inhibiting α-toxin (Hla) secreted by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus without its growth inhibition. (bvsalud.org)

Cefin sodium is a broad-spectrum bactericidal cephalosporin antibiotic. (drugstocker.com)
The cephalosporin class of antimicrobial agents is known for its broad spectrum of activity, proven efficiency and favorable safety profile, making it the most commonly prescribed class of antimicrobials. (biomedcentral.com)

The first is that the uptake mechanism, and therefore the resulting bactericidal activity, is voltage dependent ( Damper and Epstein, 1981 ). (elifesciences.org)

These properties confer activity against the important hospital pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (wikipedia.org)

Aminoglycosides are poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and must be given parenterally. (wedgewoodpharmacy.com)

Chloramphenicol has three functional groups that largely determine its biological activity: the p- nitrophenol group, the dichloroacetyl group, and the alcoholic group at the third carbon of the propanediol chain (Yunis, 1988). (veteriankey.com)
Chloramphenicol has the disadvantage of a narrow margin of safety in dogs and cats, and necessity of frequent administration in dogs to maintain adequate concentrations (three or four times daily oral administration). (veteriankey.com)

Substances such as creatinine or urea, which are excreted by the kidney and have a lower concentration in the renal vein than the artery are said to be cleared by the kidneys. (spiritsong.org)

into the cytoplasm where they can exert their bactericidal effect which requires binding to the ribosome ( Davis, 1987 ). (elifesciences.org)

Similarly the MIC90 is the concentration that inhibits 90% of the strains and the Range is the variation between the most and least sensitive. (octagon-services.co.uk)

Addition of β-lactamase inhibitors such as Sulbactam and tazobactam to ceftriaxone increases its bactericidal properties and reduces the probability of resistance development to it. (drugstocker.com)

In this paper, we measured the response of Escherichia coli treated with aminoglycosides and discovered that the bactericidal action arises not from the downstream effects of voltage-dependent drug uptake, but rather directly from dysregulated membrane potential. (elifesciences.org)

Bac-Off® may also be used at double working strength (1:250 v/v) at which concentration it exhibits Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), which generally does not exceed the MIC by more than a factor of 2. (cell-systems.com)
Bac-Off® may also be used at ten times working strength (1:50 v/v) at which concentration it exhibits mycoplasmacidal properties. (cell-systems.com)

Immediately after completion of a 15-minute intravenous infusion of ampicillin and sulbactam for injection, peak serum concentrations of ampicillin and sulbactam are attained. (nih.gov)

This higher activity present in continuous dosing has not been directly linked to clinical outcomes, but however does show promise of lowering possibility of resistance and decreasing mortality. (wikipedia.org)
Achieving the adequate concentration of any antibiotic at the site of infection and preventing bacterial resistance is crucial for good clinical practice. (encyclopedia.pub)

Metabolic activity of the bacterial biofilm communities have altered as compared to the planktonic one such as increased rates of EPS production, activation or inhibition of particular genes associated with biofilm formation and decreased growth rate [ 39 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Extending the time of piperacillin-tazobactam infusion allows the drugs to maintain the necessary concentrations needed within the body to prevent bacterial growth, enhancing bactericidal activity. (wikipedia.org)

For most tissues, plasma concentration will adequately predict tissue concentration, and antibiotic diffusion is limited only by blood supply. (vin.com)
If a drug is repeatedly administered at dosing intervals equal to its elimination half-life, the number of doses required for the plasma concentration of the drug to reach the steady state is: A. 2 to 3 D. 8 to 9 B. 4 to 5 E. 10 or more C. 6 to 7 4. (kupdf.net)
If the plasma concentration of a drug declines with "first order kinetics," this means that: A. The half-life is the same regardless of plasma concentration B. The drug is largely metabolized in the liver after oral administration and has low bioavailability C. The rate of elimination is proportionate to the rate of administration at all times D. The drug is not distributed outside the vascular system 14. (kupdf.net)

Colistin is an alternative agent that retains high activity against all Gram-negative bacilli, including MDR A. baumannii [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

After absorption, aminoglycosides are distributed primarily in the extracellular fluid. (elephantcare.org)

The MIC is the lowest concentration of an antimicrobial, which will inhibit the growth of an organism. (octagon-services.co.uk)

Of the three new compounds, acidonemycins A and B (1 and 2) displayed antivirulence activity against MRSA. (bvsalud.org)

Prolonged high AUC 24 and minimum concentrations (C min ) are more likely to cause toxicity. (medicinesinformation.co.nz)

This action reduces the tubular sodium concentration and the concentration gradient between the tubular fluid and cells and thereby retards the reabsorption of sodium. (spiritsong.org)

Bacterial replication is coupled with and dependent on chromosomal replication, with as many as several waves of chromosomal replication present in log cultures. (cell-systems.com)

The combination of piperacillin and an aminoglycoside is commonly used to treat severe infections, but due to the incompatibilities in drug interaction, they are administered separately. (wikipedia.org)
Increased respiratory support requirements such as increased inhaled oxygen concentration, positive pressure ventilation, or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) are commonly required before recovery begins. (medscape.com)

Replacement of the p- NO 2 group by a methylsulfonyl (HC 3 -SO 2 ) moiety produces thiamphenicol and a substantial change in biological activity, while modification of the propanediol group by the addition of a fluorine atom produces florfenicol. (veteriankey.com)

General anaesthetics and muscle relaxing products increase the neuro-blocking effect of aminoglycosides. (hyperdrug.co.uk)
Some antibacterials will kill a bacterium directly and this is known as the bactericidal effect . (octagon-services.co.uk)
A bactericidal effect is desired because, to using phenol (as well as heat) to sterilize surgical instru- put it succinctly, dead bugs don't mutate. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy15

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Disciplines and Occupations1

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Antibiotics22

Bacteriostatic5

Anaerobic bacteria2

Bacteria10

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Organisms3

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