AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsPhenomena and ProcessesTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHealth Care
RumenSwimming PoolsCiliophoraFatty Acids, VolatileFermentationSheepReticulumAnimal FeedCattleRuminantsDigestionBacteriaAbomasumMethaneEukaryotaStomach, RuminantFibrobacterSilageNitrogenGene PoolPoaceaeMethanobrevibacterRuminococcusAnimal Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaCelluloseOmasumAmmoniaGastrointestinal ContentsButyrivibrioPropionatesMedicago sativaPeptococcaceaeDietGram-Negative Anaerobic BacteriaMonensinHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationBacteroidesAnaerobiosisEubacteriumPrevotellaHydrogenationDietary FiberMetagenomeCellobioseCerealsGoatsGastric JuiceEructationAcetatesStarchZea maysButyratesSelenomonasDietary ProteinsRNA, Ribosomal, 16S
FermentationMicrobiomeDigestibilityOptimal Rumen FunctionMicrobial communityRuminal0.05CattleContains high concentrationsVolatile fattIntakeMicrobesMetagenomeMetagenomicFluidAcetateVitroMethaneSubstrateGlucoseCompositionDegradationMilk productionSheepVivoCompoundsFiberPlasmaTotalCornEffectsHighAnalysisHigherAchieveImportantPlantTimesDetermineLiquid
Fermentation8
  • Rumen pools of organic acid from carbohydrate fermentation and buffer from rumination are simulated to determine rumen pH. (uoguelph.ca)
  • This experiment investigated the variation in enteric methane production and associated gas exchange parameters, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and rumen microbiome when a range of silages based on different forage types (grass or clover), and different species within the 2 types, were fed as the sole feed to heifers. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the ruminal fermentation, palatability, and nutrient digestibility of SQ for Korean native beef cattle (Hanwoo) using in vitro rumen fermentation, in situ rumen degradability, and in vivo feeding trials. (animbiosci.org)
  • Incubations were conducted in triplicate with rumen fermentation parameters being determined at days 3, 6 and 9. (annexpublishers.co)
  • Suppressed VFA concentrations are a result of overall fermentation being negatively affected. (annexpublishers.co)
  • Balance rations to achieve uniform rumen fermentation and minimize acidotic conditions. (ualberta.ca)
  • Accordingly, there is continued interest in finding quick and simple indicators (e.g., plasma metabolites) as potential diagnostic tools of rumen fermentation pattern and function[ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Manipulating diet composition to induce changes in rumen fermentation characteristics remains the most feasible approach to achieve reduction in methane emission (Bayat and Shingfield, 2012). (dairyknowledge.in)
Microbiome3
Digestibility2
  • The model considers effects of concentrate supplementation on forage intake, rumen pH and forage digestibility. (uoguelph.ca)
  • therefore, total tract NDF digestibility might be reduced when rumen pH is lowered. (biomedcentral.com)
Optimal Rumen Function1
  • It's important to remember that starch is a significant energy contributor for cows but fiber is essential for optimal rumen function, VFA production and milk fat synthesis. (vistacomm.com)
Microbial community5
  • Identfication of plastics degradation and microbial community analysis of Rumen. (frontiersin.org)
  • We describe a method that adds long-read sequencing to a mix of technologies used to assemble a highly complex cattle rumen microbial community, and provide a comparison to short read-based methods. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Long-read alignments and Hi-C linkage between contigs support the identification of 188 novel virus-host associations and the determination of phage life cycle states in the rumen microbial community. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We demonstrate novel techniques that work synergistically to improve characterization of biological features in a highly complex rumen microbial community. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With efficiency unrivaled by most abiotic industrial processes, the protists, archaea, bacteria, and fungi that make up the rumen microbial community are able to process cellulose and other plant biopolymers into byproducts, such as volatile fatty acids (VFA), that can be utilized by the host. (biomedcentral.com)
Ruminal1
  • Ruminal pH was measured at 24 h and at wk 1, 2, 3, and 4 and used as an indicator of feeding MGCD0103 ic50 conditions on rumen environment. (biotiny.com)
0.053
  • P = 0.045) and the fractional rate of degradation (kd) of the fiber carbohydrate (FC) pool (P = 0.001) in a cubic pattern (P less than or equal to 0.05): LY2 had the most gas production and fastest kd. (usda.gov)
  • 0.05), results for bacteria were pooled. (chagghana.org)
  • The maximum permitted concentration of AFM1 in cows' milk is 0.05 μg/kg in Israel and the European Union. (mdpi.com)
Cattle3
  • In this study, the rumen content from cattle ( Bos taurus ) was investigated regarding synthetic polyester hydrolyzing enzymes based on the fact that the diet of ruminants may contain natural plant polyesters. (frontiersin.org)
  • The main reason is that cattle suddenly ate a large amount of young, tender and juice grass at a time, especially alfalfa and other legumes, which produces a large amount of gas in the short time, which causes a sudden expansion of cattle rumen. (ballyabio.com)
  • The sick cattle are bitter, the ruminant stops, the heart sound is hypersonic, It is difficult to breathe, looks back to the abdomen, the hernia is uncomfortable, and finally the rumen ruptures and dies. (ballyabio.com)
Contains high concentrations1
  • Therefore, landfill leachate emerges as a significant potential resource as it contains high concentrations of metals. (chagghana.org)
Volatile fatt2
  • Furthermore, NH-3 and amines did not alter rumen pH, NH-3 and volatile fatty acid concentrations to the extent that they could act on chemostatic intake regulation. (eurekamag.com)
  • Although they reduce CH 4 production in vitro , their incorporation also reduces volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, hence would be deleterious to animals if these effects are sustained in vivo [ 3 ]. (annexpublishers.co)
Intake5
  • The effects of NH-3 and amines on grass-silage intake, intake behaviour and rumen characteristics were studied in sheep. (eurekamag.com)
  • Forage intake continues during daylight hours until rumen NDF exceeds 1% body weight (kg), or organic acid concentration exceeds 130 mM. (uoguelph.ca)
  • The model predicts the substitution effect on forage intake of increasing rates of concentrate supplementation, the temporal pattern of rumen pH fluctuation with multiple concentrate feedings per day, and increase in dry matter intake when concentrate meals and amount increases. (uoguelph.ca)
  • Particle size has a large influence on dry matter intake, rumen health, milk production. (vistacomm.com)
  • Increased particle size could also result in decreased dry matter intake due to physical rumen fill, which will consequently decrease milk production. (vistacomm.com)
Microbes3
  • We concluded that rumen microbes adapted to carvacrol and thymol. (annexpublishers.co)
  • 7 ], after applying carvacrol at a low dose (2.2 mg/l) in a continuous culture system suggested that rumen microbes could adapt to carvacrol. (annexpublishers.co)
  • Genus-level abundances of rumen microbes showed low-to-moderate heritability and repeatability and were consistent between diets. (biomedcentral.com)
Metagenome3
  • The presence of organisms from all major superkingdoms in varying degrees of abundance makes the rumen an excellent model for a complex, partially characterized metagenome system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Restriction enzyme-reduced representation sequencing (RE-RRS) is a high-throughput and cost-effective approach to rumen metagenome profiling, but the systematic (e.g., sequencing) and biological factors influencing the resulting reference based (RB) and reference free (RF) profiles need to be explored before widespread industry adoption is possible. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Metagenome profiles were generated by RE-RRS of 4,479 rumen samples collected from 1,708 sheep, and assigned to eight groups based on diet, age, time off feed, and country (New Zealand or Australia) at the time of sample collection. (biomedcentral.com)
Metagenomic2
  • Variation in rumen metagenomic profiles was influenced by diet, age, time off feed and genetics. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These results highlight the potential of using rumen metagenomic profiles for selection purposes in a practical, agricultural setting. (biomedcentral.com)
Fluid3
  • A screening with model substrates demonstrated hydrolytic activities of rumen fluid on p -NP-esters with four to eight carbon atoms. (frontiersin.org)
  • Rumen fluid hydrolyzed synthetic aromatic polyesters with higher amounts of terephthalic acid released from poly(butylene adipate- co -terephthalate) (PBAT) (0.75 and 0.5 mM for polymer powder and film, respectively) and thus exceeded when compared to the hydrolysis of the second terephthalic acid-based polymer-poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) (0.6 and 0.15 mM, for powder and film, reciprocally). (frontiersin.org)
  • Additionally, rumen fluid hydrolyzed the bio-based polyester poly(ethylene furanoate) (PEF) according to HPLC and SEM analysis. (frontiersin.org)
Acetate1
  • The Tibetan sheep had higher rumen concentrations of total SCFA, acetate, butyrate and iso-acids but lower concentrations of propionate than small-tailed Han sheep. (cambridge.org)
Vitro1
  • The objective of this study was to assess the possibility of mixed rumen microbial adaptation to antimethanogenic plant derivatives over relatively long-term in vitro incubation. (annexpublishers.co)
Methane2
  • Although plant derivatives have shown promise in reducing enteric methane (CH 4 ) emissions from ruminants in short-term studies, investigation on possible rumen microbial adaptation to these compounds is still limited. (annexpublishers.co)
  • It is hypothesized that the low solubility of the mimosa protein would favour its escape from the rumen and that decrease in the fermentable substrate in the rumen would create conditions less favourable to the formation of methane. (cipav.org.co)
Substrate2
  • Variation in the turnover times (the rate at which a nutrient is depleted and replaced in a particular nutrient pool) of the bacteria may be due in part to variation in environmental factors including temperature, soil moisture, soil pH, substrate type and concentration, plant genotype, and toxins. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to quality and type, the concentration of substrate is also important to bacterial growth in soil. (wikipedia.org)
Glucose3
  • For example, a study utilizing the addition of different concentrations of glucose found that bacterial growth increased significantly at low concentrations, and was inhibited at very high concentrations. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cows fed the W20 diet had a lower plasma concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), cholesterol, triglyceride, and total antioxidative capacity (TAC), and a higher plasma concentration of glucose, insulin, malonaldehyde (MDA), super oxygen dehydrogenises (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) than cows fed the W0 diet. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1, a ruminally cannulated sheep (94 kg) was infused with a 40% (wt/vol) glucose solution to supply 5 g of glucose/kg of BW into the rumen. (smadpathway.com)
Composition1
  • Plants have different concentration and composition of CT according to species, cultivar, season and general growth conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
Degradation1
  • The bovine rumen is an organ that serves as the site of symbiosis between the cow and microbial species from all three taxonomic superkingdoms of life that are dedicated to the degradation of highly recalcitrant plant polymers [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Milk production1
  • On the other hand, particle size that is too small can also have negative effects on rumen health and milk production, plus it can also negatively impact milk fat synthesis and in some cases induce milk fat depression. (vistacomm.com)
Sheep1
  • The aim of the present study was to gain insight into how the rumen epithelium of Tibetan sheep has adapted to the consumption of low-energy-level diets. (cambridge.org)
Vivo1
  • One possible cause of the small response was most likely the relatively small changes in concentration and therefore ionic gradient that were considered feasible, based on what might be achieved in vivo. (thrombin-inhibitor.com)
Compounds1
  • Rumen microorganisms turn small N-containing compounds into amino acids (AA) and contribute considerably to the supply of AA absorbed from the small intestine. (chagghana.org)
Fiber1
  • Increasing cutting height resulted in a decreased concentration of fiber and an increase in the concentration of starch. (vistacomm.com)
Plasma1
  • Substitution of BP for corn increased concentrations of plasma BHBA and TAC, but decreased concentrations of plasma MDA. (biomedcentral.com)
Total3
  • No treatment effects were observed on total rumen pool size, DM and neutral-detergent fibre content. (eurekamag.com)
  • Indications of rumen microbial adaptation were observed in carvacrol and thymol as CH 4 significantly increased from almost complete inhibition at day 3 to almost 5 % of total gas at day 9. (annexpublishers.co)
  • ABSTRACT Optical density is a proxy of total biomass concentration and is commonly used for measuring the growth of bacterial cultures. (microbial-ecology.net)
Corn1
  • Is important to remember that starch concentration is one of the important reasons to feed corn silage thus ensuring starch availability is key. (vistacomm.com)
Effects3
  • No treatment effects on rumen motility were observed. (eurekamag.com)
  • Also, it seems that a CT concentration of 3-4 % of dry matter (DM) in plant material is a lower threshold for AH effects [ 5 ], albeit different methods were used to estimate CT and may give variable results. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of ZDTPs, calcium alkyl phenates, and magnesium, sodium, and calcium sulphonates had significant effects on the reproductive organs of male rabbits (testicular atrophy and reduction or absence of spermatozoa) which appeared to be species specific. (cdc.gov)
High1
  • The data suggest a high frequency of spillover events from the pool of viruses in nonhuman animals, active selection through genomic destabilization and gene loss, and increased disease transmissibility and severity. (cdc.gov)
Analysis1
  • The objective of the study is to systematically review the efficacy and safety of frovatriptan (F) versus rizatriptan (R), zolmitriptan (Z) and almotriptan (A), through a pooled analysis of three individual studies. (smadpathway.com)
Higher1
  • Concentrations of lead in used mineral-based crankcase oil were likely higher when leaded gasoline was used. (cdc.gov)
Achieve1
  • Integration is based upon what is needed to achieve the pharmacodynamic responseвЂ"in this case, the minimum inhibitory concentration of the drug of interest for the infecting microbeвЂ"and comparing it with what will be achieved at the chosen dose. (paperzz.com)
Important1
  • Excessive feeding of nonfibrous carbohydrates (NFC), a rapid increase in levels of dietary NFC, or insufficient rumen buffering are important causes of this metabolic disorder[ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Plant1
  • This poses a challenge considering that rumen microbial adaptation to these plant-based products remains a possibility over longer periods of exposure [ 6 , 7 ]. (annexpublishers.co)
Times1
  • once daily to four rumen-cannulated wethers in a 4 times 4 Latin square design. (eurekamag.com)
Determine1
  • Quantitative and concentration technique to detect and determine worm burdens in the abomasum and intestines of livestock and other ungulates. (tamu.edu)
Liquid1
  • A disinfection tank is arranged at the outlet of the cow, and a prepared disinfectant is put in the pool, the depth of the liquid medicine is suitable for inundated the hoof of the dairy cow, and the milk cow is self-sterilized when the cow is in and out of the cow house. (ballyabio.com)