• The monosaccharide glucose is the most important source of energy in the living eukaryotic organism and is used by cells in aerobic or anaerobic respiration. (scienceinschool.org)
  • Students receive five samples, labelled A to E, which contain starch, protein (bovine serum albumin), the monosaccharide glucose, or the disaccharides lactose or sucrose. (scienceinschool.org)
  • The majority of sugars in foodstuffs are made up of the monosaccharides glucose, fructose, galactose, and the disaccharides sucrose, lactose, and maltose. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • The high concentrations of galactose and glucose illustrated in the chromatogram are a result of the enzymatic breakdown of lactose into these very monosaccharide constituents (Figure 4). (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Following a meal containing carbohydrates, released monosaccharide constituents are absorbed into the blood and in the case of glucose are then distributed throughout the body. (preparedfoods.com)
  • The result is an increase in blood glucose concentrations after a meal with the highest level at about 30 minutes after intake, extending over a duration of about one to two hours until - with the help of the hormone insulin - the blood glucose level returns to baseline. (preparedfoods.com)
  • When acid treatment is applied under high temperatures (160 to 230°C) and pressures (∼10 atm), it leads to relatively low conversion rates (about 70% glucose) of monosaccharide from polysaccharides, such as recalcitrant cellulose (Iranmahboob et al . (ncsu.edu)
  • The introduction of a suitable amount of perylene bisimides into the poly(phenylboronic acid) network can make the newly developed microgels responsive with high selectivity to glucose over a clinically relevant concentration range of 0.0-30.0 mM at a physiological pH of 7.4. (rsc.org)
  • Unlike poly(phenylboronic acid) gels reported in previous reports that swell but show poor glucose selectivity, or shrink upon adding glucose, the proposed microgels swell and the swelling ratio is much larger than that upon adding other common monosaccharides (natural stereoisomers of glucose, e.g. , fructose, galactose and mannose). (rsc.org)
  • Sugars are made up of monosaccharides, including glucose, fructose and galactose. (draxe.com)
  • Monosaccharide autoxidation (a transition metal-catalysed process that generates H2O2 and ketoaldehydes) appears to contribute to protein modification by glucose in vitro. (portlandpress.com)
  • A maximal 45% inhibition of covalent attachment was observed, but this varied with glucose and DETAPAC concentrations in a complex fashion, suggesting at least two modes of attachment. (portlandpress.com)
  • Concentration and temperature effects upon the viscosity of aqueous solutions of various mono- (D-glucose, D-fructose, L-rhamnose) and di-saccharides (sucrose, maltose, lactose) as well as some of their two-component blends were recognized. (olsztyn.pl)
  • Of particular interest has been the potential negative effects of dietary fructose, given that the ingestion of this monosaccharide has increased rapidly ( 1 ), and it has been suggested that this may play a role in the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • While a 10% aqueous solution of fructose at room temperature may be slightly sweeter than the equivalent concentration of sucrose, the relative sweetness of HFCS-55 is comparable to that of sucrose at similar concentration at 50°C and 6°C and pH 3-7 (Schiffman et al. (ift.org)
  • From monosaccharide profiling of red algae , it was found that galactose (ca. 81-87% of total sugars) and xylose (ca. 65-77% of total sugars) are the dominant sugars in nori and dulse, respectively, which reflected the presence of galactans and xylans . (matis.is)
  • A proprietary extraction method provides Manapol with a high concentration of polysaccharides that's rich in the monosaccharide, mannose. (allaboutmannatech.com)
  • This biochemical chart display how proteins, polysaccharides and fats from food are digested into gastrointestinal tract into aminoacids, monosaccharides and fatty acids, and then broken down and oxidized to carbon dioxide and water in cellular processes of energy generation. (conceptdraw.com)
  • Carbohydrates are composed of one or more monosaccharide units, each of which has a carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone group) and several hydroxyl groups. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Carbohydrates are found throughout the food supply but are present in higher concentrations in certain ingredients. (draxe.com)
  • HBGA are complex carbohydrates distinguished by different monosaccharides added to a precursor oligosaccharide by fucosyltransferase enzymes ( 2 3, 24 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Typically used for grape sugars concentration, oak extract fractionation, alcohol and acidity reduction, and wine adjustment. (watertechnologies.com)
  • A significant environmental effect on the abundance of primary and secondary metabolites was observed, with UK-grown plants containing significantly higher concentrations of glucoraphanin, malic acid, and total sugars. (reading.ac.uk)
  • Reaction conditions corresponded to the range found in previous research to allow for the production of hemicelluloses-derived monosaccharides through hydrolysis of wood. (ncsu.edu)
  • The process may be further improved by enhancing enzyme hydrolysis activities at high lactic acid concentrations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 0.05) blood lactate concentrations than on the other trials. (frontiersin.org)
  • The respective ratios of degradation pathways from monosaccharides to acetate, lactate, propionate, and ethanol were inferred to be 0.55, 0.0, 0.4, and 0.05 at pH 6.5 and 0.7, 0.2, 0.05 and 0.05 at pH 6.0. (iwaponline.com)
  • Given that energy content of nectar increases with sugar concentration, but that flow rate concurrently decreases due to elevated dynamic viscosity, 'capillary feeders' would optimize rates of energy intake at intermediate nectar concentrations (Baker 1975;Heyneman 1983;Kingsolver and Daniel 1983;Nicolson and Thornburg 2007;Kim et al. (researchgate.net)
  • and c are reduced viscosity and concentration, respectively, were determined. (olsztyn.pl)
  • Irrespective of temperature (20,40 and 60 0 C) and composition, the viscosity of aqueous solutions of disaccharide blended with monosaccharide significantly increased with concentration. (olsztyn.pl)
  • Viscosity of aqueous solutions of disaccharide blends were practically concentration independent. (olsztyn.pl)
  • The degradation kinetics of monosaccharides during sulfurous acid treatment was compared to hydrochloric acid and to sulfuric acid treatments. (ncsu.edu)
  • Degradation behavior of monosaccharides during treatment with each acid was expressed by a second-order reaction rate constant with respect to substrate and acid concentrations, and the activation energy and frequency factor were calculated using the Arrhenius equation. (ncsu.edu)
  • The degradation of monosaccharides in sulfurous acid was much slower than that in hydrochloric acid and in sulfuric acid. (ncsu.edu)
  • A comparison of two sequential treatments with sulfuric acid, with and without the bisulfite ion, showed that sulfurous acid has a protective effect on the degradation of monosaccharides. (ncsu.edu)
  • The average size of cephalexin-loaded particles was around 400 nm and did not depend significantly on the concentrations of drug and monomer. (degruyter.com)
  • Therefore, it is a central molecule in several metabolic pathways and its concentration in the bloodstream must be tightly regulated by insulin and glucagon. (scienceinschool.org)
  • Monosaccharide profiling data reflected both the complexity and quantitative differences of WSPs. (matis.is)
  • The exact amount of material/concentration is determined by quantitative NMR (qNMR) and quantitative monosaccharide analysis (MA). (ludger.com)
  • Quantitative trait loci analysis of glucosinolate, sugar, and organic acid concentrations in Eruca vesicaria subsp. (reading.ac.uk)
  • Optimized the production of oligosaccharides, these will be purified using a tangential system with nanofiltration membranes aiming at the separation of monosaccharides and inhibitory compounds present. (fapesp.br)
  • In the first stage, a DCCR (composite, central and rotational) type of experimental design will be carried out in order to select and optimize the optimum concentrations of the enzymes in the release of XOs and CELOs with polymerization degree (GP) of 2 to 6. (fapesp.br)
  • The surface is energetically unfavorable when the cluster is small, because the energy gained by decreasing the concentration of dissolved particles is not as high as the energy lost from creating a new surface. (wikipedia.org)
  • Smaller nanoparticles were formed at high pH levels due to the concentration of the monosaccharides. (wikipedia.org)
  • We developed a high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection for monosaccharide determination, and characterized monosaccharide profiles of WSPs from five edible seaweeds sold in Iceland (i.e. kombu Iceland - Laminaria hyperborea , sugar kelp - Saccharina latissima , dulse - Palmaria palmata and two types of nori labelled as Porphyra sp. (matis.is)
  • DK high rejection NF elements generally are used for dye removal/concentration, metals recovery, sodium chloride diafiltration, sulfate removal, and bio-chemical purification. (watertechnologies.com)
  • Then, by combining the data from single-factor experiments and response surface methodology, the optimal extraction process was established as: 35% EtOH, a liquid-solid ratio of 200:1 mL g-1, an extraction time of 65 min, and an extraction temperature of 100 °C. Moreover, it was found that the a* value and yield had high fitness except when extracted into ethanol (EtOH) with different concentrations. (bvsalud.org)
  • At the same time the amount of trypsinogen leaking into the vascular space is decreased leading to a decreased serum TLI concentration. (vin.com)
  • In contrast, when pancreatic tissue is inflamed an increased amount of trypsinogen and trypsin leak into the vascular space increasing serum TLI concentrations. (vin.com)
  • Serum folate concentration can be decreased in proximal small intestinal disorders, while serum cobalamin concentration can be decreased in distal small intestinal disorders and EPI in both dogs and cats. (vin.com)
  • In dogs and cats with diffuse small intestinal disorders both serum folate and cobalamin concentrations can be decreased. (vin.com)
  • Finally, a decreased serum cobalamin concentration and an increased serum folate concentration can be seen in dogs with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). (vin.com)
  • Therefore, longstanding and severe disorders of the proximal small intestine can lead to a depletion of folate body stores and a decreased serum folate concentration. (vin.com)
  • In contrast, in SIBO microorganisms in the small intestine synthesize folic acid, which can lead to an increase in folate absorption and in turn to an increased serum folate concentration. (vin.com)
  • Therefore, severe and longstanding disorders of the distal small intestine as well as exocrine pancreatic insufficiency will lead to depletion of cobalamin body stores and to a decreased serum cobalamin concentration. (vin.com)
  • Muscle carnitine deficiency (restricted to muscle) is characterized by depletion of carnitine levels in muscle with normal serum concentrations. (medscape.com)
  • We developed a simple aqueous extraction method for ground seeds and analysed their composition by mineral, protein and monosaccharide analyses. (peerj.com)
  • These results yield interesting observations when monosaccharides are ingested in liquid form. (frontiersin.org)
  • A steady part extraction, liquid chromatography and fluorescence (SPE-RPLC-FL) based totally protocol for the willpower of free monosaccharides in extraordinarily difficult raw supplies powders and formulated fermentation feedstocks and broths has been developed. (cellexusinc.com)
  • To increase sugar concentrations, bagasse was solubilized with a liquid fraction, obtained directly after acid pretreatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Results demonstrated that the second-order reaction rate of a monosaccharide was dependent on the type of acid, indicating that monosaccharides degrade at different rates under different acids, even when the molar concentration of the acid is the same. (ncsu.edu)
  • Divalent and multivalent ions are preferentially rejected by the membrane, while monovalent passage is dependent on feed concentration and composition. (watertechnologies.com)
  • Additionally, DOP1 and DOP2 exhibited antioxidant activities positively correlated with the concentration and remained the activities after gastrointestinal digestion in vitro. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Veolia family of nanofiltration (NF) membranes is optimized with flux and rejection ideal for a wide range of process separations, concentrations, and water treatment applications. (watertechnologies.com)
  • The seaweed dulse showed the highest concentrations of total sugar (ca. 16 mM), followed by kombu (ca. 12 mM). (matis.is)
  • Typical applications for the Duracon NF1 series include demineralization, deacidification, and sugar concentration. (watertechnologies.com)
  • Carnitine deficiency is a metabolic state in which carnitine concentrations in plasma and tissues are less than the levels required for normal function of the organism. (medscape.com)
  • Analysis revealed that orthologs of MYB51, IGMT1 and IGMT4 present on LG1 are associated with 4MGB concentrations in Eruca. (reading.ac.uk)
  • Monosaccharides inside sample extracts have been derivatised pre-column with anthranilic acid and the derivatives separated using reversed-phase LC with fluorescence detection. (cellexusinc.com)
  • An increased galacturonic acid concentration could result in enhancing antioxidant activity [ 6 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • However, no information is currently available on whether ingesting monosaccharides in a semi-solid or solid meal results in differences in gastric emptying rate. (frontiersin.org)
  • The monosaccharide must have a free ketone group because in order to act as a reducing agent it first undergoes tautomerization. (wikipedia.org)
  • When the concentration increases enough, dissolved metallic silver ions bind together to form a stable surface. (wikipedia.org)
  • Typical applications include dye removal/concentration, sodium chloride diafiltration, metals recovery, and bio-chemical purification. (watertechnologies.com)
  • The hydronium ion concentration ([H + ]) formed in CO 2 -HCW was approximately estimated 100-fold higher than [H + ] created in the hot compressed water without CO 2 . (go.jp)
  • Italian-grown plants were characterized by higher concentrations of glucoerucin, indolic GSLs, and low monosaccharides. (reading.ac.uk)
  • Additionally, the size of the nanoparticle could be controlled depending on the concentration of the extract. (wikipedia.org)
  • This nucleus then remains in the system and grows as more silver atoms diffuse through the solution and attach to the surface When the dissolved concentration of atomic silver decreases enough, it is no longer possible for enough atoms to bind together to form a stable nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
  • It was found that the drug loading efficiency depends on the initial concentration of monomer and cephalexin in the polymerization medium. (degruyter.com)
  • This results in an electrical current that reveals the concentration. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • The dendrogram resulting from hierarchical cluster analysis is congruent with phylogenetic tree, implying the chemotaxonomic value of seaweed monosaccharide profiles. (matis.is)
  • Standard monosaccharides were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. All additional chemicals utilized in the experiments were of analytical grade. (springeropen.com)
  • The ferruginous mineral application into tested soil resulted in a reduction of the exchangeable aluminum concentration and soil acidity. (degruyter.com)
  • Of the various functional components in Z. jujuba fruit, polysaccharide is especially important because of its bioactivities and large cellular concentrations. (springeropen.com)
  • Samples of jute-cotton blended fabric were treated with commercial cellulases, xylanases and pectinases individually and in combination at various concentrations in order to smooth and soften the fabric. (scialert.net)
  • [ 4 ] and are provided in concentration of anti-factor Xa (units/mL). (medscape.com)
  • The current study aims to explore the utility of monosaccharide profiling of WSPs in seaweed differentiation. (matis.is)