Concentration osmotic pressure. Medical search. Frequent questions

In the 1870s it was shown that there is a difference in the concentration of sodium and potassium inside and outside the cell. (iupac.org)
The potassium concentration is higher in the cell than outside while for the sodium concentration the reverse is the case. (iupac.org)
As the cell membrane is permeable to water, the only way to establish the equilibrium is by adding some ions on the outside to compensate for the high osmotic pressure inside the cell, and that ion is sodium. (iupac.org)
That is why the sodium concentration must be higher outside than inside. (iupac.org)
Thirty four readmissions had lost more than 10% of their birth weight, and sodium concentrations were recorded in all but four. (bmj.com)
It is calculated by comparing the increase of osmotic potential that a fertilizer produces compared to the increase in osmotic potential of sodium nitrate when added to water. (wellingtonadvertiser.com)
Almén then recalled that saline solution was called "physiologic" because 0.9 percent sodium chloride in water has the same osmotic pressure as extracellular fluid. (lu.se)
Salt (sodium products, contain a higher concentration of salt (6) . (who.int)
Physicians now recognize that zinc supplementation can reduce the incidence and severity of diarrheal disease, and an ORS of reduced osmolarity (i.e., proportionally reduced concentrations of sodium and glucose) has been developed for global use. (cdc.gov)

In the second method, within a one-component model framework, based on a linear-response approximation for effective electro- static interactions, we develop Monte Carlo (MC) simulations to compute the equilibrium swelling ratio, bulk osmotic pressure, radial distribution function, and static structure factor. (ndsu.edu)
In addition, results demonstrate that the microion distributions and osmotic pressure determine equilibrium swelling of microgels. (ndsu.edu)
If the cell contains proteins, which cannot pass through the cell membrane and there is potassium chloride, which can pass through the cell membrane, the product of potassium and chloride concentrations in the cell will be equal to the product of potassium and chloride concentrations on the outside at equilibrium. (iupac.org)
[ 7 ] "These membrane proteins are involved in several physiological activities including transepithelial ion absorption and secretion, cell volume regulation, and setting intracellular Cl concentration below or above its electrochemical potential equilibrium. (medscape.com)

Solvent molecules pass preferentially through the membrane from the low-concentration solution to the solution with higher solute concentration. (wikipedia.org)
Jacobus van 't Hoff found a quantitative relationship between osmotic pressure and solute concentration, expressed in the following equation: Π = i c R T {\displaystyle \Pi =icRT} where Π {\displaystyle \Pi } is osmotic pressure, i is the dimensionless van 't Hoff index, c is the molar concentration of solute, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature (usually in kelvins). (wikipedia.org)
This formula applies when the solute concentration is sufficiently low that the solution can be treated as an ideal solution. (wikipedia.org)
For more concentrated solutions the van 't Hoff equation can be extended as a power series in solute concentration, c. (wikipedia.org)
Applied pressure overcomes osmotic pressure and forces solvent to move from a high solute concentration to a low solute concentration. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Osmolality is a measure of solute concentration and has long been considered a critical measurement in biopharma [3, 4], describing how much of a solute is present in a given solution. (labmanager.com)

Osmotic pressure is the minimum pressure which needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of its pure solvent across a semipermeable membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Potential osmotic pressure is the maximum osmotic pressure that could develop in a solution if it were separated from its pure solvent by a semipermeable membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Osmosis occurs when two solutions containing different concentrations of solute are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. (wikipedia.org)
A general thermodynamic model of the concentration polarization phenomena of colloidal particles at a membrane surface is presented. (lu.se)
Therefore, water flows through the membrane to an area with a lower salt concentration, leaving the salts to flow through into a concentrated solution (brine). (wateronline.com)
These contaminants affect proper membrane flow and pressure which increases operating cost. (wateronline.com)
Reverse osmosis systems are constant flow processes so fluids are constantly being pumped and pressure is continually being applied to the cylindrical membrane vessels. (wateronline.com)
Dialysate volume, peritoneal membrane surface area, and bodily urea generation most severely affected post-dialysis urea concentration while urea diffusivity through the capillary bed, peritoneal membrane thickness, and initial urea concentration had little impact. (cornell.edu)
That is, dissimilar liquid systems will try to reach the same concentration of materials on both sides of the membrane. (watermakers.com)
However, if the goal in our water purification system is to remove the salt from water, it is necessary to reverse the natural osmotic flow by forcing the salt water through the membrane in the reverse direction. (watermakers.com)
The osmotic pressure of a solution is the pressure difference needed to stop the flow of solvent across a semipermeable membrane. (libretexts.org)

The compartment containing the pure solvent has a chemical potential of μ 0 ( p ) {\displaystyle \mu ^{0}(p)} , where p {\displaystyle p} is the pressure. (wikipedia.org)
The ions create an imbalance between osmotic pressure inside and outside the larger particles, pushing them to de-swell - expel solvent to change size - to match the pressure of the system given by these delocalized ions. (nanowerk.com)

1. Because blood glucose concentration is falling. (flashcardmachine.com)
3. What is the range of glucose concentration? (flashcardmachine.com)
Answer: Kidney cannot reabsorb all of the glucose causing osmotic diuresis. (flashcardmachine.com)
Sucrose, glucose and mannitol were added to the culture media (individually and in combination) at O to 90 mM to determine whether they have a nutritive, osmotic or combined effect on growth. (edu.au)
Glucose and sucrose were found to have a nutritive effect on growth as biomass and leaf number increased with their increasing concentrations. (edu.au)

Let assume that, through the magic of comics, Aquaman has managed to overcome the challenges of temperature and osmotic pressure. (southernfriedscience.com)

In this study, we first revisit the original cell model for a spherical cell and use it to calculate the osmotic pressure of an aqueous plectasin solution using coarse grained Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. (lu.se)

To exemplify the usefulness of the model when establishing the influence of different operating parameters, such as the transmembrane pressure, the fluid shear, or different solution properties, such as concentration, particle size, pH, and ionic strength, a model system of charged spherical colloidal particles is used. (lu.se)
Their conclusion: In dense assemblies of microparticles, counter ions bound to the microgels by electrostatic attraction come to be shared by multiple particles, increasing the osmotic pressure which then works to shrink the oversized particle. (nanowerk.com)
The work confirmed that these larger particles had indeed de-swollen, even at concentrations far larger than those initially used by Lyon's research team. (nanowerk.com)
The osmotic pressure of a solution is proportional to the molar concentration of the solute particles in solution. (libretexts.org)

If the soil is wet the dissolved fertilizer salts in the soil will become diluted and move away from the seed reducing the osmotic pressure and the amount of injury. (wellingtonadvertiser.com)
biology: water as a source of mineral salts, physiological effects, osmotic pressure in cells. (scienceinschool.org)

Investigation of Factors Affect Osmosis in Potatoes Aim The aim of the following experiment was to investigate the effect of varying the concentration of sucrose solution on osmosis in a potato. (bartleby.com)
Effect of Sucrose Solution on Osmosis Aim: The aim of the experiment is to show how varying the concentration of sucrose solution affects osmosis by changing different molar solutions of sucrose and water and how it affects the potato. (bartleby.com)
Introduction: In this investigation I will be exploring the effect of varying concentration of sucrose sugar solution on the amount of activity between the solution and the potatoes. (bartleby.com)
Title: The effect the molarity of sucrose solution has on osmolarity Introduction: Passive transport occurs when substances move from high concentration areas to a lower concentration region. (bartleby.com)
This will happen by using different concentrations of sucrose (20%, 40%, 60%) afterwards, the change in mass ratio would be observed over time. (bartleby.com)
An investigation to find the water potential of potato and carrot tubers in a sucrose solution, of concentration 0.00 - 0.50Mol, over a 24 hour period Interpretation Written Communication C1 From our graph it can be seen that the concentration of sucrose solution is 0.18 M at 0% change in mass for the potato and 0.355 M at 0% change in mass for the carrot. (bartleby.com)
conducted in order to explore the process of diffusion and osmosis and more importantly to investigate the question of "Does different concentrations of sucrose solutions have an effect on the final weight for the potato tubers? (bartleby.com)

0.01) reduced serum Zn concentration. (degruyter.com)
Coadministration with drugs that reduce renal function or compete for active tubular secretion may increase serum concentrations of either entecavir or the coadministered drug. (medscape.com)
He never had significant respiratory problems throughout that period, The possibility of Bartter syndrome was raised, but the diagnosis was dismissed as his blood pressure was initially high, urinary chloride excretion was low with only slightly elevated levels of serum renin (320 ng/dL at rest and standing) and aldosterone (195 ng/dL at rest and 206 ng/dL while standing). (who.int)

Osmotic pressure is the basis of filtering ("reverse osmosis"), a process commonly used in water purification. (wikipedia.org)
The water to be purified is placed in a chamber and put under an amount of pressure greater than the osmotic pressure exerted by the water and the solutes dissolved in it. (wikipedia.org)
The osmotic pressure of ocean water is approximately 27 atm. (wikipedia.org)
This raises the next issue with life in the water, osmotic pressure . (southernfriedscience.com)
rate of osmotic pressure between tap water and surcose solutions. (bartleby.com)
The difference in osmotic pressure causes water to move out of the seed into the soil solution, which dries out the seed. (wellingtonadvertiser.com)
High concentrations of ammonia near germinating seed is toxic and impairs water and nutrient uptake. (wellingtonadvertiser.com)
This can be accomplished by applying pressure to the salt water as it is fed into the system, creating a condition known as "reverse osmosis. (watermakers.com)
(2) , and a reduction in daily salt intake of 4.4 g can results increases food safety by reducing the water activity of a in lower blood pressure (3) . (who.int)
It maintains cellular integrity via its effects on osmotic pressure and water balance, in addition to maintaining acid-base balance. (medscape.com)

The time-history of the force response of a cartilage specimen in confined compression, which was subjected to swelling caused by a sudden change of saline concentration, was predicted using the proposed approach and compared with the published experimental data. (cdc.gov)
Almén knew from personal experience swimming underwater that a high saline concentration could be irritating. (lu.se)

Heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial blood pressures, and cardiac output remained similar to preanesthetic values throughout TIVA. (avma.org)
His height and weight were below the 3rd percentile, temperature was 38.7 °C, heart rate 98/min, respiratory rate 30/min, blood pressure 70/50 mmHg, O2 saturation 88% in room air and capillary refill 4 seconds. (who.int)

Note the similarity of this formula to the ideal gas law in the form P = n V R T = c gas R T {\textstyle P={\frac {n}{V}}RT=c_{\text{gas}}RT} where n is the total number of moles of gas molecules in the volume V, and n/V is the molar concentration of gas molecules. (wikipedia.org)

a non-dose dependent effect on growth, suggesting an osmotic rather than nutritive role. (edu.au)
Next, we extend the cell model to all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, which account for explicit solvation and internal protein flexibility, showing that protein concentration dependent osmotic pressures can be obtained by confining counter-ions in a virtual spherical subspace defining the protein number density. (lu.se)

Other factors affect the rate of osmosis, factors like, pH, Temperature and also pressure. (bartleby.com)
From simple to complex solutions, osmolality represents a consistent and valuable concentration that is insensitive to temperature and pressure, which makes it a unique and beneficial parameter during bioprocessing. (labmanager.com)
Osmotic potential was calculated using the formula [ps] -CiRT, where [ps] is osmotic potential, C is sugar concentration (mM), i is ionisation constant, R is gas constant and T is the temperature. (edu.au)

This means that the concentration dependence of the osmotic pressure can be obtained, either from an experimental determination or from a theoretical model of the bulk properties of the colloidal system. (lu.se)
Cell model predictions for bulk osmotic pressure agree well with data from MC simulations of the one-component model. (ndsu.edu)
Literature values for parameters such as urea diffusivity, bulk flow due to osmotic pressure difference, blood urea concentration, and bodily urea generation were used as modeling parameters. (cornell.edu)

A spherical lesion found in a rib of a dead sperm whale that beached on Nantucket was likely caused by nitrogen bubbles that formed when the whale rose too rapidly from high-pressure depths. (southernfriedscience.com)
Could it be so simple that the contrast medium caused pain because of its extremely high osmotic pressure? (lu.se)
High blood pressure is one of food. (who.int)
In the presence of high concentrations of inert macromolecules, the self-association of proteins is strongly enhanced through an entropic, excluded-volume effect variously called macromolecular crowding or depletion attraction. (lu.se)

The advantage of the proposed thermal analogy technique over previous studies is that it accounts for the convective diffusion of ion concentrations and the Donnan osmotic pressure in the interstitial fluid. (cdc.gov)
The diffusion of H2O2 through dentin depends on the original concentration of the bleaching agent and the length that the agent is in contact with the dentin 3-4,8 . (bvsalud.org)
Other factors such as positive pulp pressure and osmotic pressure of the gels, and application of heat during bleaching procedure might have influence on the diffusion of peroxides to the pulp 8 . (bvsalud.org)

But as there must be electro-neutrality on the inside, the concentration of potassium must be higher than the chloride concentration, because part of the potassium concentration is used to neutralize the protein negative charges. (iupac.org)
This means that there is a higher concentration of potassium + chloride inside than outside, which also means a higher osmotic pressure. (iupac.org)

The first results demonstrate that the increase of osmotic pressure by addition of non-fermentable sugars is responsible for higher SO 2 formation during fermentation. (asbcnet.org)

The Pfeffer cell was developed for the measurement of osmotic pressure. (wikipedia.org)
Osmotic pressure measurement may be used for the determination of molecular weights. (wikipedia.org)
Villanueva Valencia J. R., Li D., Casjens S. R., Evilevitch A., "'SAXS-osmometer' method provides measurement of DNA pressure in viral capsids and delivers an empirical equation of state. (lu.se)

The osmotic pressure of protein solutions is an important measure of intermolecular interactions and can be used to predict stability and phase separation. (lu.se)
We also show the possibility of using specific interaction parameters for the protein-ion and ion-ion interactions, which would provide a more accurate description of osmotic pressures of protein solutions. (lu.se)

In plant cells, the cell wall restricts the expansion, resulting in pressure on the cell wall from within called turgor pressure. (wikipedia.org)
A cell model description is used to model the concentration dependence of the thermodynamic force as well as the how properties in the concentrated colloidal solution. (lu.se)
Within the framework of a cell model, the nonlinear PB equation is exactly solved and used to compute counterion distributions and osmotic pressures. (ndsu.edu)
Falling out of specification could result in lower growth rate and viable HEK 293 cell concentrations, leading to growth inhibition and ineffective vector production [7]. (labmanager.com)
Furthermore, there are the proteins in the cell, which also adds to the osmotic pressure. (iupac.org)
Secondly, suspension cultures are easier to scale up, as the cell growth is only limited by their concentration in the medium, not by the available surface area. (integra-biosciences.com)
In an in vitro chromosomal aberration test using a Chinese hamster fibroblast cell line (CHL) (OECD Guideline 473), lime oil did not significantly induce chromosomal aberrations in CHL cells in vitro at three different concentrations in the absence of metabolic activation and was therefore considered not clastogenic. (europa.eu)
The main objective of the project is to study the effects of hyperosmotic pressure on the antibody production process in the GS-NS0 cell line, with particular attention to the antibody production mechanism. (imperial.ac.uk)
According to extensive research, there is a direct re- regulating the osmotic pressure of a living cell and pro- lationship between salt consumption and blood pressure ducing palatable food. (who.int)
Computationally, the osmotic pressure due to a single, spherical charged macromolecule can be obtained, from a purely structural force-free calculation of the counter-ions density at the boundary of the simulation box, via the cell-model. (lu.se)

With a drainage/infusion cycle every 5 hours, urea concentration can be maintained at a relatively constant level as peritoneal dialysis removes systemically generated urea. (cornell.edu)
Alternatively, a greater number of shorter peritoneal dialysis sessions removed a significantly higher quantity of urea, resulting in an overall decrease in blood urea concentration. (cornell.edu)

Results presented in this dissertation demonstrate that swelling of ionic microgels increases with increasing microgel charge and decreases with increasing concentration of salt and microgels. (ndsu.edu)

Currently, treatments for ICH are focusing on the primary injury including reducing intracranial hypertension, blood pressure control, and rehabilitation. (karger.com)

The treatments composed of five vinegar concentration (10, 1, 0.1, 0.01 and 0.001%) and a control. (researchgate.net)

Physical properties of solutions are explained including vapor pressure lowering, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression and osmotic pressure. (lasell.edu)

The result showed that application of 0.001% vinegar concentration showed significant effects in terms of percent germination and germination rate. (researchgate.net)

As they dissolve, the salt concentration in the soil solution increases. (wellingtonadvertiser.com)
Given es in parallel with increases in blood pressure. (who.int)

Under Pressure: Does Osmotic Potential of the Culture Medium Affect Growth of Seagrasses? (edu.au)
Wilson,J., Bennett, I.J. (2005) Under Pressure: Does Osmotic Potential of the Culture Medium Affect Growth of Seagrasses? (edu.au)
Axenic seedling cultures of the seagrass Posidonia coriacea were used to test whether the osmotic potential of the culture media affects growth. (edu.au)

A centrifugal chemistry analyzer for clinical use is an automatic device intended to centrifugally mix a sample and a reagent and spectrophotometrically measure concentrations of the sample constituents. (fda.gov)
They also used tiny piezoelectric pressure transducers to measure osmotic pressure changes in the system. (nanowerk.com)
Salt index is a measure of the salt concentration that a fertilizer causes in the soil solution. (wellingtonadvertiser.com)

The proportionality to concentration means that osmotic pressure is a colligative property. (wikipedia.org)
Isotonic, which means "same pressure," bears the same chemical resemblance of the body's blood, plasma and tears. (nutrametrix.com)

Monitor blood pressure and adjust dose of antihypertensive agent as needed. (medscape.com)

The body's common osmotic pressure, which is isotonic, allows a consistent maintenance of body tissues. (nutrametrix.com)

Osmotic pressure is an important factor affecting biological cells. (wikipedia.org)
In animal cells excessive osmotic pressure can result in cytolysis. (wikipedia.org)

All fluids in the body have a certain concentration, referred to as osmotic pressure. (nutrametrix.com)

Clinicians must carefully adjust intravascular volume and arterial blood pressure to effectively perfuse the graft, and the time course of volume expansion seems important for adequate hydration. (intechopen.com)

Addition up to 2% prior to fermentation leads to a better palate fullness and higher concentration of antioxidant substances like SO 2 without notable influence on flavor or sweetness directly after filling. (asbcnet.org)

His blood pressure fluctuated between 70/50 mmHg and 100/80 mmHg. (who.int)
Hyponatraemia was interpreted as being secondary to prolonged diarrhoea and vomiting, hypokalaemia to stool losses, metabolic alkalosis to extra cellular compartment contraction and the initial but transient rise in blood pressure to secondary hyperaldosteronism. (who.int)

The model is based on the balance between a thermodynamic force, due to the osmotic pressure gradient, and a frictional force, due to the fluid flow around each particle. (lu.se)

To a first approximation, Π = Π 0 + A c 2 {\displaystyle \Pi =\Pi _{0}+Ac^{2}} where Π 0 {\displaystyle \Pi _{0}} is the ideal pressure and A is an empirical parameter. (wikipedia.org)

This study was conducted to determine effect of vinegar on the germination of eggplant seeds and to identify, which vinegar concentration is suitable for seeds germination. (researchgate.net)
Application of 10% vinegar concentration has detrimental effect of eggplant seeds. (researchgate.net)
Further, using models large enough to eliminate the size effect, we determine a structure-property relation for networks with variable concentration of cross-links. (aps.org)
These responses are correlated with the adverse effect of tooth sensitivity, in cases with the peroxide concentration, time, frequency of of vital tooth bleaching. (bvsalud.org)

Osmoregulation is the homeostasis mechanism of an organism to reach balance in osmotic pressure. (wikipedia.org)

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