PAHsVOCsDegradationBenzenePhenolsTobacco-specific nitChemical CompoundsBiodegradationHeterocyclic CompoundsInorganicExposuresExposurePetroleumCombustionHeavy metalsConcentrationsChemicalsParticulate MatterCarcinogenic compoundsClass of compoundsBenzoPolynuclearPhenolicEarliest forms of lifeCoalPollutantsCarbonAldehydesReactiveSimplestAliphaticEmissionsMoleculesAlkanesOilsLead compoundsSulfur compoundsFoundChiralExhaustExamplesFormulaEnvironmental
PAHs19
- This class is largely a subset of the alternant PAHs, but is considered to include unstable or hypothetical compounds like triangulene or heptacene. (wikipedia.org)
- The green is what gets me though: at 12 microns, that reveals PAHs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. (discovermagazine.com)
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are typical organic compounds found in cigarette smoke and vehicle exhaust. (phys.org)
- Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is a compound in a group of chemicals called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). (chej.org)
- When power stations burn coal, a class of compounds called Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, or PAHs, form part of the resulting air pollution. (eurekalert.org)
- Researchers have found that PAHs toxins degrade in sunlight into 'children' compounds and by-products. (eurekalert.org)
- Some 'children' compounds can be more toxic than the 'parent' PAHs. (eurekalert.org)
- In addition, emissions from both renewable and fossil diesel contained a significant amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and reactive nitrogen compounds. (sciencedaily.com)
- Many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are found in these sealants. (cdc.gov)
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are chemicals that are released into the environment during activities of the petroleum industry. (researchgate.net)
- The amino acids and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are within measure at just 1.1 and 6.2 parts per million, respectively. (mymodernmet.com)
- The issue Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of chemical compounds formed during the incomplete combustion of organic material. (safeworkaustralia.gov.au)
- Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in foundry workers has been evaluated by determination of benzo(a)pyrene-serum albumin adducts and urinary 1-hydroxypyrene. (bmj.com)
- Dose-response relations between total PAH, pyrene, carcinogenic PAHs, and 1-hydroxypyrene for smokers, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adsorbed to dust for non-smokers are suggested. (bmj.com)
- Impurities of concern at the Peoples Natural Gas Superfund Site include volatile organic compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) . (watertechonline.com)
- Food can be contaminated by PAHs because of the contamination of air, water or soil, and during industrial process, as heating, drying and Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of over 200 smoking process. (bvsalud.org)
- PAHs were found in different foodstuffs, including different organic compounds with two or more fused aromatic rings vegetables, fruit, cereals, oils and fats, smoked fish and meat, coffee and ( Domingo & Nadal, 2015 ). (bvsalud.org)
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are lipophilic compounds formed during the incomplete burning of coal, tobacco or other organic substances. (cdc.gov)
- We measured urinary concentrations of 33 exposure biomarkers of nicotine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). (cdc.gov)
VOCs3
- Airborne pollutants include particles, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons," reports explain. (newstarget.com)
- Results The levels of nicotine, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), aldehydes, metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), flavours, solvent carriers and tobacco alkaloids in e-cigarette refill solutions, cartridges, aerosols and environmental emissions vary considerably. (bmj.com)
- Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). (env-econ.net)
Degradation3
- Most synthetically-produced organic compounds are ultimately derived from petrochemicals consisting mainly of hydrocarbons , which are themselves formed from the high pressure and temperature degradation of organic matter underground over geological timescales. (wikipedia.org)
- The degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by different algae seems to be related to the molecular structures of the compound and physiological metabolism of the algae. (omicsonline.org)
- Plant-mediated effects on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation by bacteria in the rhizosphere of the salt marsh grasses, Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis. (nih.gov)
Benzene4
- By definition, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have multiple rings, precluding benzene from being considered a PAH. (wikipedia.org)
- According to Clar's rule, the resonance structure of a PAH that has the largest number of disjoint aromatic pi sextets-i.e. benzene-like moieties-is the most important for the characterization of the properties of that PAH. (wikipedia.org)
- Benzene-substructure resonance analysis for Clar's rule Phenanthrene Anthracene Chrysene For example, phenanthrene has two Clar structures: one with just one aromatic sextet (the middle ring), and the other with two (the first and third rings). (wikipedia.org)
- The research team will use scientifically established approaches to understand the types of health problems community members are experiencing, and how these conditions may be linked to exposure to chemicals found in coke oven emissions, such as benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. (buffalo.edu)
Phenols1
- Especially in airborne particulates more than 1000 inorganic and organic compounds have been detected, among them also carcinogens and mutagens, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic-aza-compounds, carbonic acids, phenols, ketons, heavy metals, etc. (curehunter.com)
Tobacco-specific nit1
- METHODS: We performed multiple regression analysis of longitudinal measures of urinary biomarkers of alkaloids, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds (VOC), and metals to examine the sample-to-sample consistency in Waves 1 and 2 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study including demographic characteristics and use behavior variables of persons who smoked exclusively. (cdc.gov)
Chemical Compounds2
- Different forms ( allotropes ) of pure carbon, such as diamond , graphite , fullerenes , and carbon nanotubes [4] are also excluded because they are simple substances composed of only a single element and therefore are not generally considered to be chemical compounds . (wikipedia.org)
- Depending on the fire's specific conditions, many diverse chemical compounds are produced in varying amounts. (springer.com)
Biodegradation1
- 2006. Microbial dioxygenase gene population shifts during polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation. (nih.gov)
Heterocyclic Compounds1
- Certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic compounds / this publication is the outcome of the meeting of the IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man, Lyon, 5-11 December 1972. (who.int)
Inorganic6
- The definition of " organic " versus " inorganic ", and whether some other carbon-containing compounds are organic or inorganic vary from author to author, and are topics of debate. (wikipedia.org)
- For historical reasons, a few classes of carbon-containing compounds (e.g., carbonate salts and cyanide salts ), along with a few other exceptions (e.g., carbon dioxide , and even hydrogen cyanide despite the fact it contains a carbon-hydrogen bond), are generally considered inorganic . (wikipedia.org)
- Living things incorporate inorganic carbon compounds into organic compounds through a network of processes ( the carbon cycle ) that begins with the conversion of carbon dioxide and a hydrogen source like water into simple sugars and other organic molecules by autotrophic organisms using light ( photosynthesis ) or other sources of energy. (wikipedia.org)
- Berzelius also contended that compounds could be distinguished by whether they required any organisms in their synthesis (organic compounds) or whether they did not ( inorganic compounds ). (wikipedia.org)
- [6] Vitalism taught that formation of these "organic" compounds were fundamentally different from the "inorganic" compounds that could be obtained from the elements by chemical manipulations in laboratories. (wikipedia.org)
- Inorganic and organometallic compounds / this publication is the outcome of the meeting of two IARC Working Groups on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man, Lyon, 7 October and 29 November - 4 December 1972. (who.int)
Exposures2
- It is recommended that all exposures to these compounds be reduced to the lowest possible levels (ACGIH, 2019). (cdc.gov)
- Worker exposures to nitrogen-dioxide (10102440) (NO2), nitric-oxide (10102439) (NO) and hydrocarbons were surveyed at Allied New York Services, Inc., (SIC-4582) on August 13 to 16, 1979. (cdc.gov)
Exposure6
- Progress in the field of ecotoxicological studies is important because long-term exposure from the environment and bioaccumulation of toxic compounds in the human food chain may cause indirect health effects on humans. (springer.com)
- The acute toxicity of these compounds is generally low and may not pose a direct health hazard during exposure [ 2 ]. (springer.com)
- Exposure of iron foundry workers to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: benzo(a)pyrene-albumin adducts and 1-hydroxypyrene as biomarkers for exposure. (bmj.com)
- High and low exposure groups were defined from breathing zone hygienic samples, consisting of 16 PAH compounds in particulate and gaseous phase. (bmj.com)
- Although dermal contact may also contribute describe the time course of plasma concentrations using the data to workplace exposure for certain compounds, the current from the route comparison study. (cdc.gov)
- By knowing the differences in for differences in systemic uptake following deposition in different bioavailability (and therefore systemic exposure) between the regions of the respiratory tract and how these can be generalized clinical route used as the basis for the OEL and occupationally across different classes of soluble compounds. (cdc.gov)
Petroleum8
- In the fossil fuel industries, hydrocarbon refers to naturally occurring petroleum , natural gas and coal , or their hydrocarbon derivatives and purified forms. (wikipedia.org)
- Saturated hydrocarbons are the basis of petroleum fuels and may be either linear or branched species. (wikipedia.org)
- Proceedings of the Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water prevention, detection, and restoration, November 2-4, 1994. (epa.gov)
- Proceedings of the Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water: Prevention, Detection, and Remediation Conference : November 11-13, 1998, Houston, Texas. (epa.gov)
- Proceedings of the Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water: Prevention, Detection, and Remediation Conference : special focus: natural attenuation and gasoline oxygenates : November 14-17, 2000, Anaheim, California. (epa.gov)
- The trouble, according to a DTSC report, is that 'animal fat-based oil, petroleum-based oil and associated compounds, sulfur compounds and acids were suspected to have been released to the site soils. (scvhistory.com)
- Bioventing techniques would be incorporated in conjunction with the SVE to remediate the heavy-end petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil. (scvhistory.com)
- The contaminants include coal tar, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, and petroleum hydrocarbons. (canadianunderwriter.ca)
Combustion2
- Combustion of hydrocarbons is the main source of the world's energy. (wikipedia.org)
- The by-products of all this rampant combustion are smelly compounds called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. (popsci.com)
Heavy metals1
- Metalworking fluids are oil-water emulsions that contain paraffins, pine oils, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals ( 10 , 11 ). (cdc.gov)
Concentrations1
- Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) ranged from undetectable to 1.22 milligrams per cubic meter (mg/CuM), compared to the OSHA standard of 0.15mg/CuM. (cdc.gov)
Chemicals1
- Compound groups are groups of chemicals that share structural or chemical features. (pharosproject.net)
Particulate Matter2
- Air particulate matter (PM) and carcinogenic particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAH) were measured in May 2006 before the ban inside and outside DSRs in Toronto venues (13 coffee shops and 14 bars) that allowed smoking only in DSRs, and in Windsor venues (10 coffee shops and 10 bars) where smoking was allowed in shared spaces. (who.int)
- In addition, fire effluents contain soot particles (particulate matter [PM]) that can penetrate deep into the lungs while carrying other, less mobile compounds. (springer.com)
Carcinogenic compounds1
- Heme iron toxicity has proven to have a catalytic effect on the formation of carcinogenic compounds (n-nitroso). (naturalnews.com)
Class of compounds1
- These define a broad class of compounds. (nj.gov)
Benzo1
- There are few examples of algae degrading aromatic compounds [ 5 , 6 ] examined the effects of the chlorophyte alga, Selenstrum capriconutum , on benzo pyrene. (omicsonline.org)
Polynuclear1
- The terms polyaromatic hydrocarbon, or polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (abbreviated as PNA) are also used for this concept. (wikipedia.org)
Phenolic2
- EI-Sheekh MM, Ghareib MM, EL-Souod GW A (2011) IBiodegradation of Phenolic and Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds by Some Algae and Cyanobacteria. (omicsonline.org)
- Phenolic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and drugs have also been reported in e-cigarette refill solutions, cartridges and aerosols. (bmj.com)
Earliest forms of life2
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are discussed as possible starting materials for abiotic syntheses of materials required by the earliest forms of life. (wikipedia.org)
- These hydrocarbons have even been shortlisted for the basis of the earliest forms of life on Earth. (popsci.com)
Coal1
- Not surprisingly, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be found in coal, oil and even food. (popsci.com)
Pollutants1
- Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a class of harmful compounds that are resistant to natural biological. (researchgate.net)
Carbon10
- In chemistry , many authors consider an organic compound to be any chemical compound that contains carbon-hydrogen or carbon-carbon bonds , however, some authors consider an organic compound to be any chemical compound that contains carbon. (wikipedia.org)
- Due to carbon's ability to catenate (form chains with other carbon atoms ), millions of organic compounds are known. (wikipedia.org)
- Other than those just named, little consensus exists among chemists on precisely which carbon-containing compounds are excluded, making any rigorous definition of an organic compound elusive. (wikipedia.org)
- Measurements were also made of incompletely burnt hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen and flue gas temperature. (osti.gov)
- In organic chemistry , a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon . (wikipedia.org)
- Unsaturated hydrocarbons , which have one or more double or triple bonds between carbon atoms. (wikipedia.org)
- 10% of total nonmethane organic carbon emission are aromatic hydrocarbons from the exhaust of gasoline-powered vehicles. (wikipedia.org)
- With the progressive addition of carbon units, the simple non-ring structured hydrocarbons have higher viscosities , lubricating indices, boiling points, solidification temperatures, and deeper color. (wikipedia.org)
- This study proposes a gas-cleaning process for the simultaneous removal of sulfur compounds, tar, and particles from biomass-gasified gas using Fe-supported activated carbon and a water-gas shift reaction. (mdpi.com)
- Meteorites are rich in carbon, which mainly appear as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), which are stable and the most common carbon compound in the space. (brighthub.com)
Aldehydes1
- Methods are recommended for the measurement of aldehydes and carbonyl compounds, sulfates and the characterization of diesel exhaust particulates. (sae.org)
Reactive1
- Therefore, in this molecule the outer rings have greater aromatic character whereas the central ring is less aromatic and therefore more reactive. (wikipedia.org)
Simplest3
- The simplest representative is naphthalene, having two aromatic rings, and the three-ring compounds anthracene and phenanthrene. (wikipedia.org)
- CH 4 ) is among the simplest organic compounds. (wikipedia.org)
- Saturated hydrocarbons, which are the simplest of the hydrocarbon types. (wikipedia.org)
Aliphatic1
- The term 'aliphatic' refers to non-aromatic hydrocarbons. (wikipedia.org)
Emissions2
- Exhaust from gasoline and diesel engines is the largest source of NOx emissions in the U.S. NOx compounds are a source of particulates, acid deposition, strong acid aerosols, and ozone pollution. (env-econ.net)
- In sunlight, NOx, CO, unburned hydrocarbons, and evaporative emissions from gasoline react to form ground-level ozone, the principal component of smog. (env-econ.net)
Molecules1
- The benzenoid hydrocarbons have been defined as condensed polycyclic unsaturated fully-conjugated hydrocarbons whose molecules are essentially planar with all rings six-membered. (wikipedia.org)
Alkanes1
- The formula for acyclic saturated hydrocarbons (i.e., alkanes ) is C n H 2 n +2 . (wikipedia.org)
Oils1
- hydrocarbon found among all types of oils, with the highest median values. (bvsalud.org)
Lead compounds1
- Compound groups are useful because in some cases, lists will instead identify a group of structurally similar compounds (such as lead compounds) as all having the same hazard. (pharosproject.net)
Sulfur compounds1
- Per a DTSC report, 'The facility began producing sulfur-cutting oil from waste diesel, bunker oil and jet fuel by reprocessing the waste oil and adding sulfur compounds and acids as additives. (scvhistory.com)
Found1
- These organic compounds have been found in other meteorites, but here they appear at a lower concentration. (mymodernmet.com)
Chiral2
- : 625 As given in the example of 3-methylhexane and its higher homologues , branched hydrocarbons can be chiral . (wikipedia.org)
- : 627 Chiral saturated hydrocarbons constitute the side chains of biomolecules such as chlorophyll and tocopherol . (wikipedia.org)
Exhaust1
- Informational methods are presented for the measurement of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in diesel exhaust particulate samples. (sae.org)
Examples1
- : 620 Hydrocarbons are examples of group 14 hydrides . (wikipedia.org)
Formula3
- Hydrocarbons with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae are called structural isomers . (wikipedia.org)
- A herbicide compound, a preparation method therefor and an application thereof, the compound having a structure represented by formula (I), formula (II) or formula (III). (sumobrain.com)
- The present invention relates to novel bi-functionalized trans-cyclooctenes of formula (I). It also relates to conjugates, compositions, medical uses of such compounds, and methods for producing such compounds as well as conjugates of su. (sumobrain.com)
Environmental1
- However, it is more and more recognized that there is also a need to assess the environmental impact of toxic compounds within fire effluents. (springer.com)