The tropane alkaloidsatropine, scopolamine, and hyoscyamine are highly anticholinergic compounds found in a number of plants. (medscape.com)
Scopolamine, acting as an antagonist at both peripheral and central muscarinic receptors, is thought to be the primary compound responsible for the toxic effects of these plants. (medscape.com)
The altered state of consciousness produced by common or 'classical' deliriant substances such as scopolamine , atropine and diphenhydramine is primarily mediated through the drug compounds' competitive antagonism of the peripheral and central muscarinic acetylcholine receptors . (wikipedia.org)
Atropa belladonna is a highly poisonous plant which contains variety of active alkaloids such as atropine, scopolamine and many others. (ijpsonline.com)
Tropane alkaloids (TA) including anisodamine, anisodine, hyoscyamine and scopolamine are a group of important anticholinergic drugs with rapidly increasing market demand, so it is significant to improve TA production by biotechnological approaches. (biomedcentral.com)
The term "tropane" is derived from just one genus in the family Solanaceae - Atropa (the belladonna genus), named after the Greek Fate, Atropos, who cut the thread of life. (allaboutheaven.org)
[10] [6] The effects of these kinds of anticholinergic compounds have also been likened to delirious fevers , sleepwalking , fugue states or psychotic episodes in that the subject has minimal control over their actions and may have little or no recollection of the experience afterwards. (wikipedia.org)
Derivatives4
The plant contains alkaloids with fused pyrrolidine and piperidine rings (derivatives of tropine, scopine and ecgonine). (medprep.info)
Other tropane derivatives, found in the same plants in small quantities, as well as liquid and volatile pyridine derivatives, often associated with tropane alkaloids, are of no practical importance. (medprep.info)
Although most tropane alkaloids cause an anticholinergic syndrome, a case report indicates that the tropane alkaloid-containing medicinal herb Erycibe henri Prain ("Ting Kung Teng") contains a tropane alkaloid that may cause a cholinergic syndrome, as well as kidney, liver, and erythrocyte toxicity. (medscape.com)
Toxicity from plants containing tropane alkaloids manifests as classic anticholinergic poisoning. (medscape.com)
The name should give you some idea of the potential toxicity and lethality of the compound. (allaboutheaven.org)
However, due to its toxic nature and adverse teratogenic effect, it is important to investigate the possible toxicity and safety level of belladonna mother tincture. (ijpsonline.com)
In this study, zebrafish embryos were used to evaluate fetal embryo toxicity of the belladonna mother tincture. (ijpsonline.com)
Further developmental toxicity studies on animals need to be carried out to validate use of belladonna mother tincture clinically in low concentration or high dilution.s. (ijpsonline.com)
Muscarinic acetylch1
Atropine is a competitive antagonist for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor types M1, M2, M3, M4 and M5. (allaboutheaven.org)
Datura2
Many cultures worldwide add plants with tropane alkaloids (particularly Datura species) to alcoholic beverages to increase intoxication. (medscape.com)
The action of atropine and thioscyamine is antispasmodic, dilating the pupil, relaxing smooth muscles, analgesic, limiting the secretion of sweat glands, relieving the symptoms of motion sickness, and stimulating the central nervous system. (medprep.info)
In atropine-induced mydriasis, the mechanism of action involves blocking the contraction of the circular pupillary sphincter muscle (which is normally stimulated by acetylcholine release), thereby allowing the radial pupillary dilator muscle to contract and dilate the pupil. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
Bradycardia2
Atropine is also used as a premedication before general anaesthesia to reduce secretions from the lungs and is used as an emergency treatment for bradycardia - abnormally low heart beat. (allaboutheaven.org)
Injections of atropine are used in the treatment of bradycardia (an extremely low heart rate) and asystole, which is a condition of pulseless electrical activity (PEA) in cardiac arrest. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
Tincture4
From the leaves and herbs of belladonna (Folium et Herba Belladonnae), prepare tincture, thick and dry extracts, which are part of numerous medicines. (medprep.info)
Briefly, eggs were exposed to different concentration (1, 5 and 10 %) of belladonna mother tincture and ethyl alcohol for 1 h. (ijpsonline.com)
Results showed that exposure to belladonna mother tincture at higher concentration (5, 10 %) cause embryonic malformation including pericardial edema, increase in body length, eye width and heart rate, while decrease hatching rate with no effect on mortality. (ijpsonline.com)
The behavioural parameters revealed that belladonna mother tincture increases the locomotor activity of larvae at its 1 % concentration rather than 5 and 10 % in comparison to control. (ijpsonline.com)
Chemicals1
Tropine is a central building block of many chemicals active in the nervous system, including tropane alkaloids. (wikipedia.org)
Tropine3
Tropine is a derivative of tropane containing a hydroxyl group at the third carbon. (wikipedia.org)
Pseudotropine Atropine Tropinone Tropane alkaloid https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/8424 https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/GB/en/sds/aldrich/93550 https://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/tropine Lide, David R. (1998), Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87 ed. (wikipedia.org)
The diversity of these alkaloids depends on which amino alcohol was formed in the process of biosynthesis from tropane (tropine, scopine or ecgonine) and with what organic acids these amino alcohols subsequently formed esters. (medprep.info)
Inhibition2
[7] [8] Due to these compounds' inhibition of various signal transduction pathways, the decrease in acetylcholine signaling is what leads to many of the cognitive deficits and mental impairments. (wikipedia.org)
Two experiments investigated the mechanism for changes in measures of behavioral arousal inhibition in rats following administration of atropine. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
Species2
The best known species are A. belladonna L. and A. caucasica Kreyer. (medprep.info)
In the same species, the amount of alkaloids is different in different organs of the plant and, moreover, varies depending on the phase of vegetation and environmental conditions. (medprep.info)
Substances1
Of natural pharmacologically active substances, alkaloids are the main group from which modern medicine draws the largest number of highly effective drugs. (medprep.info)
Plants4
in the factory isolation of the alkaloid from plants, it is traditionally obtained its inactive racemate - atropine in the form of a salt - Atropini sulfas. (medprep.info)
Alkaloids are called natural nitrogen-containing compounds of the main character, formed in plants. (medprep.info)
According to world literature, by the end of the past decade, the number of alkaloids isolated from the higher plants of the Earth's flora exceeded 5000. (medprep.info)
According to modern concepts, alkaloid-bearing plants make up 10% of the entire world flora. (medprep.info)
Drugs2
[ 1 ] The alkaloids represent a very diverse group of medically significant compounds that include well-known drugs such as the opiates. (medscape.com)
Belladonna is one of the most popular homoeopathic drugs used in baby teething, sudden severe pain and pain with inflammation or infection[ 2 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
Digest1
In general, atropine counters the "rest and digest" activity of glands regulated by the parasympathetic nervous system . (allaboutheaven.org)
Include1
A subgroup of the alkaloids is the alkaloid amines, which include three major pharmacologic groups: the hallucinogenic alkaloid amines, the stimulant alkaloid amines, and the tropane alkaloids (also called the belladonna alkaloids or bicyclic alkaloids). (medscape.com)
Plant2
Alkaloids are plant metabolites that have a nitrogen-containing chemical ring structure, alkali-like chemical reactivity, and pharmacologic activity. (medscape.com)
Isoquinoline alkaloids - Isoquinoline alkaloids 1-Benzyl isoquinoline type: Papaverine: An opiate alkaloid isolated from the plant Papaver somniferum and produced synthetically. (powershow.com)
Effects2
Some of these compounds, such as long-acting muscarinic antagonists are used as medicines because of these effects. (wikipedia.org)
The main action of the parasympathetic nervous system is to stimulate the M2 muscarinic receptor in the heart, but atropine inhibits this action. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
By blocking the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, atropine also serves as an antidote for poisoning by organophosphate insecticides and nerve gases. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
Important1
However, these alkaloids are all important in phyto-medicine with rapid increasing market demand. (biomedcentral.com)
Activity1
If we now take a look at Dr Duke's analysis of the activity of Atropine we can compare this with its medical uses in more detail. (allaboutheaven.org)
Treat1
Chinese herbal medicines containing tropane alkaloids have been used to treat asthma, chronic bronchitis, pain, and flu symptoms. (medscape.com)
Generally1
Atropine degrades slowly, typically wearing off in 2 to 3 days, so tropicamide is generally preferred as a mydriatic. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
Groups1
Groups of proteinogenic amines (for example, tyramine) and betaines (stakhidrin, trigonelline, etc.) adjoin the alkaloids, which are considered as transitional compounds from the simplest nitrogen-containing compounds (methylamine, trimethylamines, etc.) to the alkaloids proper. (medprep.info)