AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesInformation ScienceGeographicals
QuinineAntimalarialsQuinidineMuscle CrampTasteSleep-Wake Transition DisordersMefloquineParasitic Sensitivity TestsArtemisininsSesquiterpenesMalaria, FalciparumCinchona AlkaloidsBlackwater FeverPlasmodium falciparumChloroquineAdministration, RectalDrug ResistanceChorda Tympani NerveMuscle Relaxants, CentralGlossopharyngeal NerveMolecular StructureInhibitory Concentration 50SucrosePhenanthrenesSulfur CompoundsVolatile Organic CompoundsTaste ThresholdTaste PerceptionCinchonaEncyclopedias as TopicBoliviaEcuadorMalaria
QuinidineMalariaChloroquineArtemisininMefloquineCalled the cinchona alkaloidsSulfateAntimalarialHair LotionCinchonaInhibitAspirinSaltsBioactiveNaturally occurrinInhibitorsResistancePotentBarkSynthesisIndiaFluorescenceProducesOrganicBitterDrugsSynthesizeExtractAlcoholTonicInteractionsChemicalActiveTreatmentSide effectsNaturalProvidePreparationSearchMaleCompetitiveClass
Quinidine5
  • Quinine (and quinidine) are used as the chiral moiety for the ligands used in Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation as well as for numerous other chiral catalyst backbones. (wikipedia.org)
  • The kinetics of inhibition of debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase activity by quinidine and quinine in rat and human liver microsomes have been compared. (nih.gov)
  • In rat liver microsomes quinine is approximately 50 times more potent an inhibitor (IC50:2.4 microM) than quinidine (IC50:137 microM). (nih.gov)
  • Inhibition of debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase activity by both quinine and quinidine in human and rat liver is competitive. (nih.gov)
  • Although both quinidine and quinine are competitive inhibitors of debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase activity in rat and man, their potency is reversed. (nih.gov)
Malaria14
  • Quinine is a medication used to treat malaria and babesiosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Malaria resistance to quinine occurs in certain areas of the world. (wikipedia.org)
  • While it is unclear if use during pregnancy carries potential for fetal harm, treating malaria during pregnancy with quinine when appropriate is still recommended. (wikipedia.org)
  • Treatment of malaria with quinine marks the first known use of a chemical compound to treat an infectious disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • As of 2006, quinine is no longer recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a first-line treatment for malaria, because there are other substances that are equally effective with fewer side effects. (wikipedia.org)
  • An apparent decrease in cases of BWF was noted when artemisinin compounds replaced quinine as first-line treatment for malaria ( 3 , 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • However, a randomized, controlled trial comparing quinine versus artesunate for treatment of severe malaria in children and found frequency of BWF did not differ significantly between the 2 study arms (p = 0.076) ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Using quinine to treat malaria was the first known use of a chemical to treat an infectious illness. (labonline.com.au)
  • Quinine, the only treatment for malaria, was sourced from tropical tree bark and ridiculously expensive as a result. (jstor.org)
  • Well… because it turns out they contain quinine-like compounds and could provide protection against malaria, long before Lariam appeared on the scene! (cooksister.com)
  • Singapore, September 3, 2010 - Novartis announced today that scientists at the Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases (NITD), in collaboration with researchers from the Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and The Scripps Research Institute have discovered a novel compound that shows promise as a next generation treatment for drug resistant malaria. (scienceblog.com)
  • Using a novel Plasmodium whole-cell assay we were able to tap into the Novartis archive of 12,000 pure natural products and synthetic compounds to identify 275 compounds highly active against P. falciparum, the most prevalent and deadly form of malaria," said Novartis Institute for Tropical Disease's Bryan Yeung, project team head. (scienceblog.com)
  • While it is unclear if use during pregnancy causes harm to the baby, treating malaria during pregnancy with quinine when appropriate is still recommended. (whmulei.com)
  • Some common medications known to cause temporary damage to sensory cells in the inner ear are aspirin, quinine (to treat malaria), and loop diuretics (to treat specific hearing and kidney conditions). (hearwellcenter.com)
Chloroquine1
  • In this latter country, there is a surprising simultaneous presence of different antimalarial treatments (quinine, ACTs, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine [SP], and even chloroquine). (taylorfrancis.com)
Artemisinin2
  • The parasite has demonstrated a frustrating ability to outwit new medicines, from quinine to today's unsettling increased tolerance to artemisinin derivatives. (scienceblog.com)
  • Of the remaining compound class, spirotetrahydro-beta-carbolines or spiroindolones have favorable physical and chemical properties for drug development as well as a mechanism of action distinct from the currently used therapies based on aminoquinolines and artemisinin derivatives. (scienceblog.com)
Mefloquine1
  • Mefloquine prophylaxis should only be resumed 7 days after the last self-treatment dose of quinine. (myhealth.gov.my)
Called the cinchona alkaloids1
Sulfate1
  • In the United States, quinine sulfate is commercially available in 324-mg tablets under the brand name Qualaquin. (wikipedia.org)
Antimalarial1
Hair Lotion2
Cinchona7
  • Quinine was first isolated in 1820 from the bark of a cinchona tree, which is native to Peru, and its molecular formula was determined by Adolph Strecker in 1854. (wikipedia.org)
  • Meanwhile, club soda is carbonated and contains minerals and added quinine, a compound isolated from cinchona tree bark that gives it a slightly bitter taste ( 3 ). (healthline.com)
  • Quinine and a host of related compounds are found in the bark of trees of the genus Cinchona, which grow on the eastern and western slopes of the Andes in some of the most forbidding and inaccessible landscapes on earth. (timeshighereducation.com)
  • Cinchona is a large and diverse genus, and the trees make different amounts and qualities of quinine. (timeshighereducation.com)
  • Quinine Herbal Extract Tincture, Super-Concentrated (Cinchona officinalis) Dried Bark Liquid Her. (herb-era.com)
  • Quinine or Cinchona officinalis is a shrub belonging to the Rubiaceae family. (herb-era.com)
  • Quinine hydrochloride, t he hydrochloride of a natural substance, quinine, obtained from the bark of various species of Cinchona including Cinchona succirubra, Pavon. (whmulei.com)
Inhibit1
  • Both compounds are able to inhibit greater than 95% of 4-hydroxylase activity. (nih.gov)
Aspirin1
  • Indeed, many of the pharmaceuticals currently available to Western doctors have a long history of use as herbal remedies including quinine, opium, aspirin, and coca. (mongabay.com)
Salts1
  • Carbon compounds did not fit easily into the well-established electrical picture of rocks, metals, and salts. (wikisummaries.org)
Bioactive2
  • These animals often inject bioactive compounds into their host to numb the skin and prevent blood clots. (labonline.com.au)
  • 2005). In fact, the use of medicinal plants to treat diseases of varying aetiology is part of the African tradition, but in spite of thousands of years of use, none of these bioactive plant compounds have been exploited for clinical uses as antibiotics, though some alkaloidal compounds like quinine and emetine have been developed as chemotherapeutic agents (El-mahmood, 2009). (ispub.com)
Naturally occurrin2
  • Quinine is an alkaloid, a naturally occurring chemical compound. (wikipedia.org)
  • Those compounds are naturally occurring chemical substances known as alkaloids. (phytoextractum.com)
Inhibitors1
  • B BCRP-mediated transport of E1S was significantly inhibited by all compounds, most pronounced inhibitors were MQ and ATO. (biomedcentral.com)
Resistance1
  • Many anticancer drugs, such as platinum compounds, alkylating agents and nitrosoureas, cause direct damage to the structural integrity of the DNA, and resistance to these compounds results from activation of DNA repair systems. (nature.com)
Potent2
  • Even when plants themselves don't produce a useful compound, they often have chemicals that inspire more potent synthetic drugs. (labonline.com.au)
  • The Amazon is home to unique wildlife that contains potent compounds that scientists can use to synthesise new drugs. (labonline.com.au)
Bark1
  • Markham's efforts to establish "red bark" tree plantations in India were less productive of quinine but more effective from a humanitarian perspective. (timeshighereducation.com)
Synthesis1
  • Synthesis of carbon compounds Carbon compounds simply was not attempted. (wikisummaries.org)
India1
  • According to tradition, because of the bitter taste of anti-malarial quinine tonic, British colonials in India mixed it with gin to make it more palatable, thus creating the gin and tonic cocktail, which is still popular today. (wikipedia.org)
Fluorescence2
  • Because of its relatively constant and well-known fluorescence quantum yield, quinine is used in photochemistry as a common fluorescence standard. (wikipedia.org)
  • The fluorescence-quenching mechanism of PET (Photoinduced Electron Transfer) or FRET (Fluorescence Resonance Electron Transfer), which occur between fluorescence dyes and odor compounds, could prevent unintended detection of various odorants that is caused by their unspecific adsorption onto the detecting materials. (fujipress.jp)
Produces1
  • The combination of distilled and compounded botanicals produces the unusual yellow hue. (iainandjane.com)
Organic4
  • Organic chemistry, which deals with the compounds of the element carbon and is associated with living matter, hardly existed. (wikisummaries.org)
  • Considerable amounts of data had accumulated showing that organic or living matter is basically different from the compounds of the mineral world. (wikisummaries.org)
  • In 1828, Friedrich Wöhler found that it was possible to synthesize the clearly organic compound urea from clearly mineral compounds. (wikisummaries.org)
  • Organic solvents (a chemical class of compounds that are typically used in commercial industries) are the most commonly identified ototoxic chemicals. (hearwellcenter.com)
Bitter4
  • Quinine is also used as an ingredient in tonic water to impart a bitter taste. (wikipedia.org)
  • Quinine is a flavor component of tonic water and bitter lemon drink mixers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Half sweet seductive juniper, half bitter quinine pill. (iainandjane.com)
  • Quinine is also the ingredient in tonic water that gives it its bitter taste. (whmulei.com)
Drugs1
  • Schacht and Hawkins (2006) reviewed initial reports that associated the intake of certain drugs such as quinine and acetylsalicylic acid with temporary hearing loss as well as dizziness and tinnitus. (cdc.gov)
Synthesize1
  • In 1856, nineteen-year-old Londoner William Perkin was trying to synthesize quinine from coal tar in his home laboratory. (jstor.org)
Extract2
  • Thanks to improvements in biotech, scientists no longer have to exploit animals to extract these valuable compounds. (labonline.com.au)
  • Dr Blues Extract of Nux Vomica IQS Compound contains quinine to reduce body heat. (racehorsemed.co)
Alcohol1
Tonic4
  • On the soda gun behind many bars, tonic water is designated by the letter "Q" representing quinine. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tonic water was initially marketed as a means of delivering quinine to consumers in order to offer anti-malarial protection. (wikipedia.org)
  • While it is possible to drink enough tonic water to temporarily achieve quinine levels that offer anti-malarial protection, it is not a sustainable long-term means of protection. (wikipedia.org)
  • In Uruguay and Argentina, quinine is an ingredient of a PepsiCo tonic water named Paso de los Toros. (wikipedia.org)
Interactions1
  • The rest of this chapter reviews the ototoxicity of these compounds and their interactions with noise. (cdc.gov)
Chemical2
  • The chemical nature of cannabinoids prevented early plant chemists during the Victorian period from creating efficient extracts of these polar compounds. (naturalnews.com)
  • But it did have much chemical potential in its amino compounds-hence Perkin's explorations in making an ersatz quinine. (jstor.org)
Active1
  • These two compounds are active alkaloids, or naturally occurring plant chemicals, present in kratom leaves. (phytoextractum.com)
Treatment2
  • Quinine was frequently prescribed as an off-label treatment for leg cramps at night, but this has become less common due to a warning from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that such practice is associated with life-threatening side effects. (wikipedia.org)
  • 8 Quinine to be given for 3 days, except for infections acquired in Southeast Asia where 7 days of treatment required. (cdc.gov)
Side effects1
  • While sometimes used for nocturnal leg cramps, quinine is not recommended for this purpose due to the risk of serious side effects. (wikipedia.org)
Natural1
  • What sets kratom apart from other natural ingredients are the compounds mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine, which is only found in that combination within this plant. (phytoextractum.com)
Provide1
  • Rainforest plants have long been recognized for their potential to provide healing compounds. (mongabay.com)
Preparation1
  • The concept of "vitalism" began to fade as more chemists reported the successful preparation of compounds previously isolated only from plants or animals. (wikisummaries.org)
Search1
  • He takes us through the complicated history of the search for quinine, a compound with seemingly magical properties that could quickly alleviate malaria's symptoms. (timeshighereducation.com)
Male1
  • Early age of onset of drinking (postnatal day 40) in male rats had surprisingly little impact on the development of drinking behavior and compulsivity (quinine taste adulteration) when compared to rats that started drinking during early adulthood (postnatal day 72). (bvsalud.org)
Competitive1
  • Quinine can also act as a competitive inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO), an enzyme that removes neurotransmitters from the brain. (wikipedia.org)
Class1
  • In the Science paper the research team outlines how they identified a potential target by identifying mutations that decreased the parasite's sensitivity to this novel compound class. (scienceblog.com)