• Fusion genes can contribute to tumor formation because fusion genes can produce much more active abnormal protein than non-fusion genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The latter is common in lymphomas, where oncogenes are juxtaposed to the promoters of the immunoglobulin genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Driver events in pediatric malignancies can occur through loss of function in tumor suppressor genes or gain of function in proto-oncogenes. (medscape.com)
  • Tumor suppressor genes encode proteins that normally provide negative control of cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
  • Scaffoldattachment factors are a specific subset of nuclear matrix proteins (NMP) that specifically bind toS/MAR. The encoded protein is thought to serve as a molecular base to assemble atranscriptosome complex in the vicinity of actively transcribed genes. (immune-source.com)
  • In addition, these alterations affect 3 principal categories of genes, as follows: proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair genes. (medscape.com)
  • This article briefly discusses tumor suppressor genes and then focuses on the role of proto-oncogenes in childhood cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
  • Our studies have demonstrated that several of the proteins encoded by cellular oncogenes function in fundamental aspects of gene regulation. (stanford.edu)
  • Thus, lysosomes play important roles in cellular activity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It functions as a negative regulator of CELL PROLIFERATION and NEOPLASTIC CELL TRANSFORMATION and is commonly fused with cellular abl protein to form BCR-ABL FUSION PROTEINS in PHILADELPHIA CHROMOSOME positive LEUKEMIA patients. (bvsalud.org)
  • We will discuss three key proteins that function as tumor suppressors implicated in the development of pediatric (and some adult) cancers: pRB, p53, and PTEN. (medscape.com)
  • RB1 encodes the protein pRB and was the first tumor suppressor gene to be molecularly defined. (medscape.com)
  • PTEN encodes a protein kinase of the same name and functions as a tumor suppressor through regulation of cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] His prediction was subsequently supported by the cloning of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene ( RB1 ) and by functional studies of the retinoblastoma protein, Rb. (medscape.com)
  • Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human Tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein (TSG101) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates. (1elisakits.com)
  • Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Human Tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein (TSG101) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids. (1elisakits.com)
  • These are frequently activated by fusion to other transcriptional proteins resulting in chimeric transcription factors. (stanford.edu)
  • Acute leukemias induced by MLL chimeric oncoproteins are among the subset of cancers distinguished by a paradoxical dependence on GSK-3 kinase activity for sustained proliferation. (stanford.edu)
  • TP53 encodes the protein p53, which is known as the "guardian of the genome. (medscape.com)
  • This gene encodes a DNA-binding protein which has high specificity for scaffold or matrixattachment region DNA elements (S/MAR DNA). (immune-source.com)
  • For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)
  • This locus, however, also encodes a protein from an alternative reading frame, designated p19ARF. (medscape.com)
  • Some cytotoxic drugs tend to be inactive or less active when conjugated to large antibodies or protein receptor ligands. (justia.com)
  • We are investigating how Pbx and Meis proteins contribute to the specificity of Hox function in development and how disruption of their activities leads to neoplasia. (stanford.edu)
  • It is involved in theregulation of heat shock protein 27 transcription, can act as an estrogen receptor co-repressorand is a candidate for breast tumorigenesis. (immune-source.com)
  • Moreover, a tiny piece of chromosome 9, which carried an oncogene, had moved to the breakpoint on chromosome 22. (laskerfoundation.org)
  • The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p21 and p16 inhibit the activity of CDKs, such as CDK4. (medscape.com)
  • 1) Characterize novel families of oncoproteins (Pbx and Meis) that dimerize with and regulate the DNA binding properties of Hox proteins. (stanford.edu)
  • MDM2 binds to and inhibits TP53 activity. (medscape.com)
  • The p19ARF protein, which is encoded by the same locus as p16, also leads to cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the ability of MDM2 to inactivate TP53. (medscape.com)
  • We demonstrate here that GSK-3 maintains the MLL leukemia stem cell transcriptional program by promoting the conditional association of CREB and its coactivators TORC and CBP with homedomain protein MEIS1, a critical component of the MLL-subordinate program, which in turn facilitates HOX-mediated transcription and transformation. (stanford.edu)
  • The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)
  • Next, we showed that the resulting hybrids can differentiate and acquire a proto-neural electrophysiology profile when the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway is activated in the adult stem cells prior fusion. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Drug moieties used in antibody drug conjugates include bacterial protein toxins such as diphtheria toxin, plant protein toxins such as ricin, small molecules such as auristatins, geldanamycin (Mandler et al (2000) J. of the Nat. (justia.com)
  • These methods all have their distinct shortcomings due to the very complex nature of cancer genomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Alternatively, a proto-oncogene is fused to a strong promoter, and thereby the oncogenic function is set to function by an upregulation caused by the strong promoter of the upstream fusion partner. (wikipedia.org)
  • Then functional enrichment analyses, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction, and hub gene selection were conducted. (bvsalud.org)
  • The uncoated transport vesicles can fuse with autophagosome or heterophagosome to form autophagolysosome, heterophagic lysosome or phagolysosome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2) The remaining contents will be sequestered in Rab7-positive late endosomes, which can fuse with the plasma membrane to form exosomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • If it happens in coding sequences, gene fusion cause the assembly of a new gene, then it allows the appearance of new functions by adding peptide modules into a multi-domain protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • The detecting methods to inventory gene fusion events on a large biological scale can provide insights about the multi modular architecture of proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • We are studying the effects and consequences of protein fusion on the transcriptional and transforming activities of these proteins using in vitro and animal models. (stanford.edu)
  • The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)
  • 5) Lysosomes can also fuse with the plasma membrane to mediate membrane repair or discharge contents outside the cell, such as cathepsins or immune factors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This protein is thought to be involved inattaching the base of chromatin loops to the nuclear matrix but there is conflicting evidence as towhether this protein is a component of chromatin or a nuclear matrix protein. (immune-source.com)