Complexes virus replication. Medical search. Frequent questions

They also found that the giant virus harbors in its ancient genome some of the complex proteins that make up the building blocks of eukaryotic organisms such as animals, plants, and humans. (eurekalert.org)
Understanding the presence of these proteins in the virus' genome may help scientists tackle some of the hardest questions about our origins. (eurekalert.org)
Viruses are classified based on their genetic characteristics, that is, by how they generate mRNA to produce proteins and genetic material. (eurekalert.org)
It is interesting because, unlike most viruses, it contains genes that encode for proteins involved in DNA packaging. (eurekalert.org)
The main lines of our work are 1) reconstitution of the process with more than 50 pure proteins and mechanistic analysis, 2) structure determination of the 50 protein complex at atomic resolution, and 3) studies of chromatin remodelling, required for transcription of the DNA template in living cells. (stanford.edu)
For instance, due to their genetic flexibility, viruses have developed various viral proteins and non-coding RNAs to interrupt several checkpoints of cGAS-STING. (frontiersin.org)
The replicase proteins p33 and p92 of Cymbidium ringspot virus (CymRSV) were found to support the replication of defective interfering (DI) RNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Double-labelled immunofluorescence showed that both p33 and p92 replicase proteins localized to peroxisomes, independently of one another and of the presence of the replication template. (microbiologyresearch.org)
in poliovirus (PV), the interaction between the RNA replication complex and intracellular membranes appears to be accomplished by proteins 3A and 2C, which have membrane-binding properties ( 11 , 60 ). (asm.org)
In response, viruses deploy proteins as counter-counter-measures to dampen the immune response, for instance, by supressing the RIG-I signalling pathway. (embl.org)
Although the structures of rotavirus and other members of the Reoviridae have been extensively studied, little is known about the structures of virus-encoded non-structural proteins that are essential for genome replication and packaging. (nih.gov)
J Med Chem 2005) and extended it to macromolecular complexes involving proteins and protein-RNA complexes beyond topoisomerases (Pommier et al. (cancer.gov)
They facilitate many cellular functions, from DNA replication to molecular motion, energy production, and even the production of other proteins. (lu.se)

The Jardetzky Laboratory is studying the structures and mechanisms of macromolecular complexes important in viral pathogenesis, allergic hypersensitivities and the regulation of cellular growth and differentiation, with an interest in uncovering novel conceptual approaches to intervening in disease processes. (stanford.edu)
RNPs are macromolecular complexes composed of the genomic RNA bound to multiple monomers of a nucleoprotein and a single copy of the polymerase. (csic.es)

The desired gene together with a promoter to drive transcription of the gene is inserted between the inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) that aid in concatemer formation in the nucleus after the single-stranded vector DNA is converted by host cell DNA polymerase complexes into double-stranded DNA. (wikipedia.org)
HBV replication is initiated by the binding of polymerase (P) to epsilon (ε), a 61 nucleotide (nt) cis -acting regulatory stem-loop RNA located at the 5′-end of the pregenomic RNA (pgRNA). (nist.gov)
The virus transfers its DNA to initiate replication and uses its own DNA polymerase (enzyme that synthesizes DNA) and histones, but overall, it relies on the host to complete the process. (eurekalert.org)
Our goal is to understand the molecular mechanisms whereby the genomic RNA of influenza-like viruses is, on the one hand, the template for transcription and replication of the viral genome by its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and, on the other hand, an Achilles' heel, whose recognition as non-self can trigger an innate immune response to counter the viral infection. (embl.org)
We complement structural studies with in vitro polymerase enzymology and in-cell studies using mini-replicon systems, and, in collaborations, recombinant viruses and live-cell imaging. (embl.org)
3D structure of the complex consisting of the bacterial RNA polymerase (light and dark gray) and the viral λN protein (red). (phys.org)
RNA polymerase, a protein complex responsible for transcribing genetic information, would normally stop reading this information at the end of the bacterial gene and would ignore any viral genes inserted behind it. (phys.org)
The virus uses a trick that prevents the RNA polymerase from terminating the transcription process: It introduces 'lambda-N' (λN), a tiny protein that attaches itself to the host 's RNA polymerase and forces it to continue transcription of the viral genes . (phys.org)
Until now, and despite intensive efforts, researchers had failed to identify how this tiny protein can achieve such a feat. A Berlin-based team of researchers has now been able to visualize the 3-D structure of the RNA polymerase-λN-complex using high-resolution imaging, enabling them to provide a detailed explanation of this viral exploitation. (phys.org)
Researchers found that the RNA sequences they analyzed contained a signature gene called RdRp that codes for RNA-dependent RNA polymerase-a complex enzyme designed to catalyze replication. (icr.org)
One of the key components of the replication machinery is the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, RdRp. (gla.ac.uk)
Our research also extends to the study of influenza virus polymerase at high resolution. (csic.es)
Our goal is to solve the polymerase dimer structure that represents the functional complex for replication of RNPs. (csic.es)

Host Lipids in Positive-Strand RNA Virus Genome Replication" (with Z. Zhang et al. (hope.edu)
Several RNA binding sites, resulting from the quaternary organization of NSP2 monomers, may be required for the helix destabilizing activity of NSP2 and its function during genome replication and packaging. (nih.gov)

Our current goal is to derive models explaining the detailed mechanisms of transcription and replication of the viral genome (vRNA) by influenza-like viral polymerases. (embl.org)
Retroviruses arguably belong to the most fascinating of all viruses because of their unusual and highly efficient mode of replication involving reverse transcription and integration of the viral genome and a complex system of transcriptional and post- transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. (powells.com)
Sites in the host cell where the virus induces the formation of cellular assemblies for the replication of the VIRAL GENOME. (bvsalud.org)
Viral capsids are protein coats found inside viruses that contain and protect the viral genome. (lu.se)

This research focused on a ring-shaped enzyme called the minichromosome maintenance or MCM complex that plays a central role. (sciencedaily.com)
This enzyme is essential for conversion of the viral RNA to proviral DNA, which integrates in the host DNA and results in viral replication. (who.int)
Cytoplasmic, virus-induced double-membrane structures, derived from ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM or GOLGI APPARATUS, that house the replication and transcription enzyme complexes of NIDOVIRALES and PICORNAVIRIDAE. (bvsalud.org)
Reverse transcription is accomplished using the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which the virus carries with it inside its shell. (msdmanuals.com)
When whole-virus-lysate enzyme immunosorbent assays (EIAs) were used to screen blood donations from 1985 through 1990, the average length of the window period was 45 days (95% confidence interval {CI}=34- 55 days) (3). (cdc.gov)
5 ]. Hepatitis C virus and human immuno- bodies we used a third generation enzyme deficiency virus (HIV) co-infection in hae- immunoassay (HCV EIA, United Biomedi- mophilia patients is common and causes a cal Inc., Hauppauge, New York). (who.int)

ABSTRACT Following the WHO declaration on 1 February 2016 of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) with regard to clusters of microcephaly and neurological disorders potentially associated with Zika virus, the WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean conducted three rounds of emergency meetings to address enhancing preparedness actions in the Region. (who.int)

Jan. 4, 2023 All of the previously known CRISPR immune systems protect bacteria by deactivating genes from an invading virus. (sciencedaily.com)
In March 2023, a series of Nature papers linked infection of adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) to a wave of childhood hepatitis. (wikipedia.org)

To achieve this we use X-ray crystallography and single-particle cryoEM to determine structures after trapping successive states along the active transcription or replication pathways. (embl.org)
These studies are being extended to viral RNPs (the physiological RNA synthesis units) to understand the behaviour of the viral nucleoprotein during replication and transcription and to include host factors important for viral replication. (embl.org)
Viruses lack the complex apparatus necessary for the transcription of genetic information and its subsequent translation into new virus components. (phys.org)
With this idea we opened the second major line of our research, the elucidation of the structural basis of transcription and replication mechanisms and for that our plan is to complement structural data with biochemical assays that will allow us to establish the action mechanism. (csic.es)
Previous studies have indicated that KIN17 is involved in global genome repair, DNA replication, transcription and regulation of the cell cycle as part of a multi-protein complex. (spandidos-publications.com)
Because RNA transcription does not involve the same error-checking mechanisms as DNA transcription, RNA viruses, particularly retroviruses, are particularly prone to mutation. (msdmanuals.com)

The process may also help to solve what the study's senior researcher called one of the greatest mysteries of biology: How double-stranded DNA separates into single strands to start the replication process. (sciencedaily.com)
During DNA replication, the MCM complex is positioned at the fork where double-stranded DNA separates into single strands. (sciencedaily.com)
Prior to cell division, double-stranded DNA is encircled by two separate MCM complex enzymes. (sciencedaily.com)
Based on the newly determined structure of the replication machinery, the researchers proposed that the MCM complexes begin to move in different directions, leading to separation of double-stranded DNA into single strands. (sciencedaily.com)
The Medusavirus is a nucleocytoplasmic large DNA virus, which belongs to a group of recently discovered eukaryotic viruses with large and complex double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. (eurekalert.org)
At the first stage of viral invasion, virus-derived double-stranded DNAs (dsDNAs) trigger the conformational change and activation of cGAS. (frontiersin.org)

July 31, 2019 A new study examines the evolutionary dynamics of circular Rep-encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA viruses. (sciencedaily.com)
They are small (approximately 26 nm in diameter) replication-defective, nonenveloped viruses and have linear single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genome of approximately 4.8 kilobases (kb). (wikipedia.org)
Dengue virus (DENV) is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family. (frontiersin.org)
The non-structural protein NSP2 of rotavirus, which exhibits nucleoside triphosphatase, single-stranded RNA binding, and nucleic-acid helix-destabilizing activities, is a major component of viral replicase complexes. (nih.gov)
The family Caliciviridae includes viruses with single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genomes of 7.4-8.3 kb. (cdc.gov)
Positive-sense RNA viruses possess a single-stranded RNA genome that can serve as messenger RNA (mRNA) that can be directly translated to produce an amino acid sequence. (msdmanuals.com)
Negative-sense RNA viruses possess a single-stranded negative-sense genome that first must synthesize a complementary positive-sense antigenome, which is then used to make genomic negative-sense RNA. (msdmanuals.com)
First, Zika virus belongs to the most prevalent class of emerging pathogens, the zoonotic single- stranded RNA viruses, which have mutation rates as high as 1 base per 10 to the 4th power bases, each replication. (cdc.gov)

Laboratory exposures that have led to infection with vaccinia and tanapox viruses, which are commonly used as vectors for experimental vaccines, have recently been documented. (medscape.com)
When the Zika epidemic spread through the American continent and then later to Africa and Asia in 2015, researchers compared the characteristics of the Zika infection to Dengue, considering both these viruses were transmitted primarily through the same vector, the Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes. (frontiersin.org)
only few cases are reported as ACC associated with acute hepatitis B virus infection. (hindawi.com)
We present a 27-year-old female case diagnosed to have acute acalculous cholecystitis and associated with acute hepatitis B virus infection, and she recovered within one week of her presentation without complication or surgical intervention. (hindawi.com)
immune complex deposits in the vessel wall of gallbladder may cause necrotizing vasculitis as an extrahepatic complication of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
We would like to present here a second reported case of ACC associated with an acute hepatitis B virus infection [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
Virus infection has been consistently threatening public health. (frontiersin.org)
Moreover, they developed a novel strategy for inhibiting dengue virus infection by stimulating the immune system with small novel RNA molecules. (europa.eu)
Replication of picornaviruses occurs associated to cell endomembranes that are recruited during viral infection ( 25 ). (asm.org)
Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes during in vitro Epstein-Barr virus infection. (pennmedicine.org)
Nearly 100% of children in the USA are infected with the virus by 2 to 3 years of age, several hundred infants may die directly from the infection, while the deaths of an additional several thousand may be attributed to RSV-related complications ( Nair et al, 2010 ). (intechopen.com)
The standard of care in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is the use of a triple drug antiretroviral regimen. (who.int)
This pathology is associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and occurs mostly in people with HIV infection, including those who do not have a diagnosis of AIDS. (medscape.com)
The pathogenesis of hairy leukoplakia is clearly complex, potentially requiring a convergence of factors including EBV co-infection, productive EBV replication, EBV genetic evolution, expression of specific EBV "latent" genes, and immune escape. (medscape.com)
The meetings provided up-to-date information on the current situation and agreed on a set of actions for the countries to undertake to enhance their preparedness and response capacities to Zika virus infection and its complications. (who.int)
Infectious causes of glomerulonephritis included streptococcal infections, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and hepatitis viral infections, both hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis B (HBV). (medscape.com)
The virus exhibits persistent, asymptomatic infection with profuse urinary virus excretion in the ubiquitous rodent vector, Mastomys natalensi s. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
tent, asymptomatic infection, with profuse urinary virus excretion in Mastomys natalensi s, the ubiqui- The emergence of this highly virulent and contagious tous and highly commensal rodent host2,3. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
Data regarding monkeypox virus infection during pregnancy are limited. (cdc.gov)
It is unknown if pregnant people are more susceptible to monkeypox virus or if infection is more severe in pregnancy, and it is not known if vaginal birth and the presence of genital lesions can cause congenital monkeypox. (cdc.gov)
The HIV-1 gag and env genes amplified from blood plasma samples of a unique cohort of acute HIV-1 infections are analyzed in this project with the aim to assess virus adaptations during acute HIV-1 infection and how these relates to the replicative capacity of the virus. (lu.se)
Immunofluorescence study showed replication of SARS- tum is only seen in the later stage of infection (1-3,13), CoV in the cells derived from throat wash, demonstrating oral droplets generated during talking may represent an the possibility of developing a convenient antigen detection important route of transmission. (cdc.gov)

citation needed] Because of AAV's specialized gene therapy advantages, researchers have created an altered version of AAV termed self-complementary adeno-associated virus (scAAV). (wikipedia.org)
Researchers continue to achieve a better understanding of SARS-CoV-2, the virus behind the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. (news-medical.net)
Researchers from the Wilson, Carragher and Potter labs used cutting-edge molecular biology and electron-microscopy techniques to "see" one of influenza's essential protein complexes in unprecedented detail. (scripps.edu)
For decades, researchers have been studying the ways in which viruses successfully exploit host functions. (phys.org)
Using cryo- electron microscopy , the researchers took a total of 700,000 images of the protein complex from various angles, using these to compute its 3-D structure. (phys.org)
To achieve this objective, the researchers added to the model a description of the virus based on its RNA, with 29,900 nitrogen bases, and a mutation rate of 0.001 per base per year, obtaining the data from the structure and behavior of SARS-CoV-2. (fapesp.br)

More complex organisms have error correction mechanisms, but viruses don't. (fapesp.br)

Studies of viral attachment to cells on porous collagen-I coated microcarrier beads under cultured gastrointestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2) using conditions of physiological fluid shear in rotating wall ves- recombinant virus-like particles or infectious noroviruses sel bioreactors. (cdc.gov)
When expressed as a recombinant protein in transfected cells, PV 3A cofractionates with endoplasmic reticulum markers ( 66 ), and its single transient expression can disrupt the secretory apparatus ( 23 ) and decrease major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression ( 22 ). (asm.org)
Compatible with multiplexed RT-PCR and NGS-based assays, AccuPlex custom recombinant virus materials are constructed with a replication-defective mammalian virus, producing a safe, non-infectious material (Figure 1). (seracare.com)
Caliciviruses are similar to picornaviruses in the pres- image reconstruction of recombinant Norwalk virus-like particles ence of VPg and in sequence similarity of their RNA-directed (left). (cdc.gov)
The assay uses a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing NiV glycoprotein and a fluorescent protein. (cdc.gov)

We describe the first report of RNA sequencing of 5' capped (Pol II) RNAs isolated from acutely hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected Huh 7.5 cells that provides a general approach to identifying differentially expressed annotated and unannotated genes that participate in viral-host interactions. (mdpi.com)
Currently, there is an unmet need for drugs that target viruses containing an RNA genome such as influenza, hepatitis C and SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV). (europa.eu)
As an undergraduate he performed organic chemistry research in Japan for a summer and also worked on hepatitis B virus in Oklahoma for a summer. (hope.edu)
2oc1 is a 4 chain structure with sequence from Hepacivirus C and Hepatitis C virus subtype 1b . (proteopedia.org)

Based on the crystal structure in this research, we propose that a rotary mechanism drives the transformation to initiate DNA replication," said Eric Enemark, Ph.D., an associate member of the St. Jude Department of Structural Biology. (sciencedaily.com)
The image captured key structural details, including the orientation of both the MCM complex and single-strand DNA. (sciencedaily.com)
Their discoveries included novel protein complexes in SARS-CoV, structural information on viral helicases and the role of glutathione in various enteroviruses. (europa.eu)
Nevertheless, while Q44R led to recovery of viruses that maintained the mutation, Q44D resulted in selection of infective viruses with substitution D44E with acidic charge but with structural features similar to those of the parental virus, suggesting that Q44 is involved in functions other than 3A dimerization. (asm.org)
The Cusack group uses X-ray crystallography and cryo electron-microscopy (cryoEM) to study the structural biology of protein-RNA complexes involved in RNA virus replication, innate immunity and cellular RNA metabolism. (embl.org)
The cell counters RNA viruses with innate immune pattern-recognition receptors, such as the RNA helicase RIG-I, which recognise particular viral RNA structural motifs (e.g. 5′ triphosphate-dsRNA) as non-self, thus activating a signalling pathway leading to interferon production and establishment of the anti-viral state. (embl.org)
These are thought to provide a favourable environment for replication to occur, concentrating essential viral structural and nonstructural components, as well as protecting these components from host-cell pathogen recognition and innate immune responses. (gla.ac.uk)
Binds RNA and may function as a RNA chaperone to induce the RNA structural rearrangements taking place during virus replication (PubMed:18033802). (proteopedia.org)

2019. Origin of viruses: primordial replicators recruiting capsids from hosts. (icr.org)

Alfalfa mosaic virus genomic RNAs are infectious only when the viral coat protein binds to the RNA 3' termini. (rcsb.org)
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an arbovirus that is classified as a select agent, an emerging infectious virus and an agricultural pathogen. (greenmedinfo.com)
Curcumin, strongly down regulates levels of extracellular infectious virus.Our data demonstrate that curcumin binds to and inhibits kinase activity of the IKK-β2 complex in infected cells. (greenmedinfo.com)
It is based on the most widely used epidemiological model for infectious diseases, known as SEIR, which stands for Susceptible (individuals who can be infected), Exposed (individuals who are infected but not infectious), Infected (those who can spread the virus by infecting others), and Recovered (those who have recovered from the disease and ideally should no longer be susceptible). (fapesp.br)
An introductory chapter provides a comparative description of the structure and morphology of infectious viruses. (powells.com)
This novel concept should allow a comparative discussion of the similarities and differences within this complex virus family regarding the specific aspects of formation of an infectious virion. (powells.com)
The individual chapters of the book deal with specific steps in the pathway of retroviral morphogenesis and maturation, starting at the time when the components of the virus have been synthesized within the infected cell and ending once the infectious virion has been released from the cell. (powells.com)
EBV initially infects basal epithelial cells in the pharynx, where it enters a replicative state leading to the release of infectious virus into the saliva throughout the life of the infected person. (medscape.com)
Zika virus, the subject of several articles in the Emerging Infectious Diseases journal, reminds us of some of the impediments to responding to emerging vectorborne pathogens. (cdc.gov)

A virus does not have the necessary "machinery" to replicate. (eurekalert.org)
During the last few years, our research has focused on how viruses manipulate and exploit the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery to promote their replication. (kcl.ac.uk)
This way, the same cellular machinery can catalyse the scission of thin membranous stalks present in the final stages of topologically equivalent membrane remodelling processes such as enveloped virus budding, endosomal sorting of ubiquitinated membrane cargo and cytokinesis. (kcl.ac.uk)
2 Viruses enter into a host cell for replication (the process of producing two identical replicas of RNA, ribonucleic acid or DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid) and take over the cell's biological machinery. (icr.org)

Paradoxes of the replication of picornaviral genomes. (microbiologyresearch.org)

The faster-spreading B.1.1.7 variant of SARS-CoV-2 first detected in the United Kingdom, the coronavirus that causes COVID-19, is quickly on its way to becoming the dominant variant of the virus in the United States, according to a study from scientists at Scripps Research and the COVID-19 test maker Helix. (news-medical.net)
What exactly happens when the corona virus SARS-CoV-2 infects a cell? (tum.de)
A study conducted at the University of Campinas's Gleb Wataghin Institute of Physics (IFGW-UNICAMP) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, modeled the mutations undergone by SARS-CoV-2 during replication and the genetic evolution of the virus during the pandemic. (fapesp.br)
Illustration of the virus SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of Covid-19. (lu.se)
An international collaboration of scientists identified four fragments that interact with the nsp10 protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus using the FragMAX platform and BioMAX beamline. (lu.se)
The unknowns of how long protection lasts with vaccination, the appearance of new virus variants, and a lack of existing, effective drugs against Covid-19, have increased the urgency for development of targeted, SARS-CoV-2 medications. (lu.se)

Molecular warfare between the virus and the host-cell occurs at many levels. (embl.org)
In parallel, we are doing the same for viral replication, which is unprimed and occurs in two-steps via an intermediate complementary RNA (cRNA). (embl.org)
Replication of many positive-sense RNA viruses occurs within intracellular membrane-associated compartments. (gla.ac.uk)
This pathology is associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and occurs mostly in people with HIV, both immunocompromised and immunocompetent, albeit it can affect patients who are HIV negative. (medscape.com)

Other picornaviruses, for example the cardioviruses, are believed to initiate replication at the endoplasmic reticulum and subvert PI4KIIIα to generate PI4P. (microbiologyresearch.org)

We employed mutagenesis using a sub-genomic replicon system to probe the importance of these interactions for replication. (gla.ac.uk)
Some viruses have an outer envelope consisting of protein and lipid, surrounding a protein capsid complex with genomic RNA or DNA and sometimes enzymes needed for the first steps of viral replication. (msdmanuals.com)

From a scientific point of view, the consortium employed a plethora of techniques and approaches including molecular biology, biochemistry and bioinformatics to generate new insight into RNA virus replication. (europa.eu)
A unique low molecular weight complex of the IKK-β subunit can be observed in MP-12 infected cells that we have labeled as IKK-β2. (greenmedinfo.com)
Dr. Benjamin Kopek integrates advanced imaging methods with molecular biology techniques to investigate how viruses replicate and how they interact with hosts. (hope.edu)
During his doctoral studies in the Cellular and Molecular Biology program at the University of Wisconsin - Madison, he worked in the lab of Dr. Paul Ahlquist studying RNA viruses. (hope.edu)
This is why all viruses need access to a host cell 's molecular infrastructure. (phys.org)
Ultrastructure of viruses and molecular aggre. (csic.es)
Protein assemblies are some of the most complex molecular machines in nature. (lu.se)

This is done by a combination of state-of-the-art virus replicative capacity assays and statistics. (lu.se)

Ultrastructure and origin of cytoplasmic multivesicular bodies induced by carnation Italian ringspot virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Novel variants of the virus are spreading rapidly in places where the COVID-19 pandemic appeared to have been brought under control and could make the current critical stage last much longer than expected. (fapesp.br)
That isn't the case in the real world, but we adopted these simplifications in order to focus on studying the accumulation of viral mutations during the pandemic and how different a virus can become. (fapesp.br)
We previously described the synthesis of 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-glycero-3-phospho-RVn (V2043), an orally bioavailable lipid prodrug of remdesivir nucleoside (RVn, GS-441524) with broad spectrum antiviral activity against viruses with pandemic potential. (cdc.gov)

Classification of viruses is principally according to their genome sequence taking into consideration nature and structure of their genome and their method of replication, but not according to the diseases they cause (see International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), 2021 release ). (msdmanuals.com)
Clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI A(H5N1) viruses emerged in 2020 and were introduced into North America in late 2021 [ 1,2 ] and have spread to Central and South America, resulting in wild bird infections (in terrestrial, seabird, shorebird, and migratory species) and poultry outbreaks in many countries [ 3-8 ]. (cdc.gov)

A protein [virus protein, genome-linked by a capsid architecture with 32 distinct cup-shaped depressions. (cdc.gov)

Virus-host cell interactions in vaccine production cell lines infected with different human influenza A virus variants: A proteomic approach. (mpg.de)

Picornaviruses form replication complexes in association with membranes in structures called replication organelles. (microbiologyresearch.org)

RNA viruses rewire cellular pathways to build replication organelles. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Proteome analysis of virus-host cell interaction: rabies virus replication in Vero cells in two different media. (mpg.de)
Exploring virus-host cell interaction on the proteome level: Rabies virus replication in Vero cells. (mpg.de)
Diffusion of the complex E1/E2-EGFR-SCARB1-CD81 to the cell lateral membrane allows further interaction with Claudin 1 (CLDN1) and occludin (OCLN) to finally trigger HCV entry (PubMed:12970454, PubMed:24038151, PubMed:12913001, PubMed:20375010, PubMed:19182773) (By similarity). (proteopedia.org)
This interaction is probably promoted via the up-regulation of cellular autophagy by the virus (PubMed:29695434). (proteopedia.org)
Zika virus like other vector-borne diseases poses a particular challenge to the countries because of their complex nature which requires multidisciplinary competencies and strong rapid interaction among committed sectors. (who.int)
Positive complex interaction. (who.int)

On the other hand, 3AB presumably anchors 3B in intracellular membranes originated de novo during the early steps of RNA replication, where uridylylated 3B primes the synthesis of nascent viral RNAs ( 2 , 37 , 68 , 69 ). (asm.org)

citation needed] Use of the virus does present some disadvantages. (wikipedia.org)

Here, using the RdRp from foot-and-mouth disease virus (termed 3Dpol), we report fibril structures, solved at ~7-9 Å resolution by cryo-EM, revealing multiple conformations of a flexible assembly. (gla.ac.uk)

Meanwhile, the cross-reactivity of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells response to Dengue and Zika viruses provide important clues for further development of potential treatments. (frontiersin.org)
Together, this information appraises the current understanding of both Zika and Dengue infections, providing insights for future vaccine design approaches against both viruses. (frontiersin.org)
Les réunions ont fourni des informations actualisées de la situation actuelle et ont permis de convenir d'un ensemble d'actions à entreprendre par les pays afin d'améliorer leurs capacités de préparation et de réponse face à l'infection à virus Zika et ses complications. (who.int)
Best adapted of all are Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, the cosmopolitan vector of epidemic yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. (cdc.gov)
Persistence of human yellow fever, the inexorable expanse of dengue, and the surprising, explosive spread and severity of first chikungunya virus and now Zika virus bear testament to the threat posed by habituated Aedes species. (cdc.gov)
Since its arrival in the Western Hemisphere about 1 year ago, Zika virus, which had previously been associated with a clinically mild and inconsequential illness, is now increasingly suspected of being the cause of an alarming epidemic of neurologic birth defects and Guillain-Barré syndrome in tropical regions. (cdc.gov)
Like dengue virus, another flavivirus, Zika virus was likely originally a pathogen of subhuman primates. (cdc.gov)
Pathogenicity and transmission dynamics will be factors in determining where Zika virus will become endemic and what will be the most suitable methods of control. (cdc.gov)
It might seem as if Zika virus sprang from nowhere, but almost certainly it must have been infecting many more humans in Africa and Asia than we had been aware. (cdc.gov)
Zika, dengue, West Nile, and yellow fever viruses can co-circulate, not only among themselves, but possibly with unidentified or poorly characterized flaviviruses. (cdc.gov)
The limitations of current diagnostics are a primary reason why the association between Zika virus and birth defects remained speculative so long. (cdc.gov)
Fewer than 20 of the 86 known pathogenic arboviruses can be considered major causes of human disease, and 3 of these, West Nile, chikungunya, and Zika viruses, have emerged from relative obscurity within only the past 20 years. (cdc.gov)

In the native virus, however, integration of virally carried genes into the host genome does occur. (wikipedia.org)
With the Medusavirus, scientists discovered that DNA replication occurred in the nucleus of the host amoeba and observed evidence of exchange of genetic information between the host and the virus as they coevolved. (eurekalert.org)
When a virus invades an organism, it uses some of the host genes in order to replicate itself. (eurekalert.org)
The host also interacts with the virus, and the virus adopts new sequences that are preserved through time. (eurekalert.org)
The host and virus coevolve, and it is this "coevolution" that is at the forefront of this insightful study. (eurekalert.org)
Viruses have optimized their evading tactics for superior replication and spreading to counteract host immunity. (frontiersin.org)
Last summer's outbreak likely resulted fromÂ manyÂ factors, including higher-than-normal temperatures that influenced mosquito and bird abundance, the replication of the virus in its host mosquitoes, and interactions of birds and mosquitoes in hard-hit areas. (cdc.gov)
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) nonstructural protein 3A plays important roles in virus replication, virulence, and host range. (asm.org)
Viruses depend on host cells for replication, but how does a virus induce its host to transcribe its own genetic information alongside that of the virus, thus producing daughter viruses? (phys.org)
No host, no viruses. (phys.org)
While it is true that viruses are capable of spreading by surviving outside a host, they need a host for replication. (phys.org)
DNA viruses typically replicate in the host cell nucleus, and RNA viruses typically replicate in the cytoplasm. (msdmanuals.com)

The other viruses cause rare zoonotic infections in humans. (medscape.com)
HIV has probably originated from multiple zoonotic transmissions of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) from non-human primates to humans in West and Central Africa. (benthamscience.com)
Third, the pathogenicity and transmission dynamics of vectorborne zoonotic pathogens are much more complex than those of directly communicable pathogens. (cdc.gov)
Lassa fever is an acute viral zoonotic illness caused by Lassa virus, an arenavirus known to be responsible for a severe haemorrhagic fever characterised by fever, muscle aches, sore throat, nausea, vomiting and, chest and abdominal pain. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)

Our recent nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structure of ε provides a useful starting point toward a detailed understanding of HBV replication, and hints at the functional importance of ε dynamics. (nist.gov)
Taken together, our work strongly implicates RNA dynamics as an integral feature that governs HBV replication. (nist.gov)
Impact of MDCK cell line adaption to suspension growth on proteome level and virus replication dynamics. (mpg.de)

Cryo-EM density map and atomic coordinates of the SIMC1-SLF2 complex have been deposited to the Electron Microscopy Data Bank and wwPDB, respectively, under accession codes EMD-25706 and PDB 7T5P. (elifesciences.org)

Antiviral drug development requires a detailed understanding of virus replication and an effective translation of this knowledge into drug discovery. (europa.eu)
To address this issue, the EU-funded EUVIRNA (European training network on (+)RNA Virus Replication and Antiviral Drug Development) project investigated various aspects of viral biology. (europa.eu)
The human SMC5/6 complex is a conserved guardian of genome stability and an emerging component of antiviral responses. (elifesciences.org)
The importance of ret- roviruses as human and animal pathogens has also enhanced scientific and medical interest in this diverse group of viruses and has spurred an intensive search for novel and improved antiviral agents. (powells.com)
We found that 3-F-4-MeO-Bn, 3-CN-Bn, and 4-CN-Bn sn-2 glycerol modifications improved antiviral activity compared to V2043 when tested in vitro against clinically important RNA viruses from 5 virus families. (cdc.gov)

A critical role of a cellular membrane traffic protein in poliovirus RNA replication. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Because influenza viruses are constantly changing, CDC performs ongoing analyses of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses to identify changes that might allow for spread more easily to and between people, cause serious illness in people, reduce susceptibility to antivirals, affect the sensitivity of diagnostic assays, or reduce neutralization of the virus by vaccine induced antibodies. (cdc.gov)

It is suggested that replication in these cells was targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum. (microbiologyresearch.org)

If any such error gives a virus an advantage in terms of propagation, the mutation becomes important and may end up predominating. (fapesp.br)
The classic examples of necessarily be processed by the cel replication fidelity can confer strong chemical agents that require met- into a mutation (see Chapter 12, by mutator phenotypes that result in ge- abolic activation to become carci- DeMarini). (who.int)

this could mean that during the coevolution, the virus might have acquired the genes that encode these histones. (eurekalert.org)
Once all the viral genes have been read, they are then used as a blueprint for making daughter viruses-meaning the virus has achieved its objective," says the biophysicist. (phys.org)

This noroviruses has been limited by our inability to propagate level of cellular differentiation was achieved by growing the these viruses in vitro ( 12 ). (cdc.gov)

Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) are small viruses that infect humans and some other primate species. (wikipedia.org)
Vaccinia virus, which has been used for vaccination, can also infect humans. (medscape.com)
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a ubiquitous herpesvirus estimated to infect 90% of the world's population, is linked to a growing number of diseases, especially in immunocompromised hosts. (medscape.com)

Broad-range inhibition of enterovirus replication by OSW-1, a natural compound targeting OSBP. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Inhibition of the IKK complex using inhibitors impairs viral replication thus alluding to the requirement of an active IKK complex to the viral life cycle. (greenmedinfo.com)

Sitios de la célula huésped en los que el virus induce la formación de ensamblajes celulares para la replicación del GENOMA VIRAL. (bvsalud.org)

Dr. Pommier conceptualized the "interfacial inhibitors" mechanism based on his finding that DNA topoisomerase inhibitors act by trapping topoisomerase-DNA complexes (Capranico et al. (cancer.gov)
The fragments could be used to develop inhibitors that supplant key enzymes activated by the protein-an application which holds potential to block the viral replication process. (lu.se)

The discovery of the Medusavirus holds clues to the evolution of more complex life. (eurekalert.org)

‌Influenza A viruses cause seasonal outbreaks of respiratory illness that are often severe. (gla.ac.uk)
Because the factors that lead to West Nile virus disease outbreaks are complex, CDC cannot predict where and when they will occur. (cdc.gov)
This manageable size together with the current advances in nucleotide sequencing technology means that partial and whole virus genome sequencing will become an essential component in epidemiologic investigations of disease outbreaks. (msdmanuals.com)
Spillovers of Nipah virus (NiV) from its pteropid bat reservoir into the human population continue to cause near-annual outbreaks of fatal encephalitis and respiratory disease in Bangladesh and India since its emergence in Malaysia over 20years ago. (cdc.gov)
From its discovery in Malaysia in the late 1990s, the spillover of the Nipah virus from its pteropid reservoir into the human population has resulted in sporadic outbreaks of fatal encephalitis and respiratory disease. (cdc.gov)
Furthermore, Lassa virus has cluding Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea, Mali and been associated with nosocomial outbreaks with high Senegal5-7. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
The overall risk to human health associated with the ongoing outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses in wild birds and poultry has not changed and remains low at this time. (cdc.gov)
However, because of the potential for influenza viruses to rapidly evolve and the wide global prevalence of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses in wild birds and poultry outbreaks, continued sporadic human infections are anticipated. (cdc.gov)
CDC is actively working on the domestic situation with clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI A(H5N1) viruses in wild birds and poultry outbreaks, including conducting surveillance among people with relevant exposures and preparing for the possibility that contemporary HPAI A(H5N1) viruses gain the ability for increased transmissibility to people. (cdc.gov)
Globally, this 2.3.4.4b clade of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses has become widespread causing record numbers of bird outbreaks in wild, backyard, village, and farm birds. (cdc.gov)
Over 17,000 animal outbreaks of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses were reported by 80 member countries to the World Organisation for Animal Health since January 2022. (cdc.gov)

ArboNET is the national, electronic surveillance system established by CDC to assist states in tracking illness caused by West Nile virus and other viruses transmitted by mosquitoes or ticks. (cdc.gov)

These results point to a unique requirement towards lipids at the FMDV replication membranes. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Knowing how different the circulating microorganisms are from the original virus is important to an understanding of the emergence of novel variants," Aguiar said. (fapesp.br)
Sub-optimal adherence may reduce the effectiveness of the regimen by allowing viral replication and the emergence of drug resistant strains. (who.int)

This trait has been postulated to be a feature of wild-type viruses, while laboratory strains more commonly form virions described as being spherical. (gla.ac.uk)
Two yeast strains were used, differing in the biogenesis of peroxisomes, the organelles supplying the membranous vesicular environment in which CymRSV RNA replication takes place in infected plant cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
West African sub-region with consideration of the mented RNA virus belonging to the Arenaviridae origin of the virus, its properties/strains, epidemiol- family. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)

Proteomic monitoring along the adaptation of MDCK cells from adherent to suspension growth with respect to influenza virus vaccine production. (mpg.de)
This virus replicon particle system provides a vital tool to the field and demonstrates utility as a highly efficacious and safe vaccine candidate that can be administered parenterally or mucosally to protect against lethal Nipah disease. (cdc.gov)
Like other arenaviruses, Lassa virus lacks a ogy and clinical presentation, treatment, prevention conventional negative-strand coding arrangement and control as well as the current theories of its patho- and the isolates of the virus differ in their genetic, genesis and efforts in vaccine development. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
H5 candidate vaccine viruses (CVV) produced by CDC are expected to provide good protection against current clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI A(H5N1) viruses in birds and mammals. (cdc.gov)

The crystal structure of an alfalfa mosaic virus RNA-peptide complex reveals that conserved AUGC repeats and Pro-Thr-x-Arg-Ser-x-x-Tyr coat protein amino acids cofold upon interacting. (rcsb.org)
Three-Dimensional Analysis of a Viral RNA Replication Complex Reveals a Virus-Induced Mini-Organelle" (with G. Perkins et al. (hope.edu)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important viral agent of childhood respiratory tract disease worldwide, causing pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants. (gla.ac.uk)
Cholesterol shuttling is important for RNA replication of coxsackievirus B3 and encephalomyocarditis virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Last year's large outbreak is a reminder that it is important for people to protect themselves from West Nile virus, especially as we head into summer and mosquitoes become more active. (cdc.gov)
1 Indeed, viruses are a fascinating and important foundation in the oceanic web of life God has created. (icr.org)
RNA viruses are clearly important in our world, but we usually only study a tiny slice of them- the few hundred that harm humans, plants and animals. (icr.org)
A few cases of the importation of Lassa mortality10,11, hence, early identification of infected virus into other parts of the world for example by individuals is important for prompt implementation travellers were documented17-20. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)

Anatomy19

Organisms96

Diseases16

Chemicals and Drugs49

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Phenomena and Processes65

Information Science4

Health Care1

Proteins13

Macromolecular complexes2

Polymerase13

Genome Replication2

Viral genome4

Enzyme6

Abstract1

20232

Transcription6

Double-stranded6

Single-stranded8

Infection22

Researchers6

Mechanisms1

Recombinant5

Hepatitis4

Structural8

20191

Infectious9

Machinery4

Genomes1

SARS-CoV6

Occurs4

Initiate replication1

Genomic2

Molecular7

Replicative1

Cytoplasmic1

Pandemic3

20212

Capsid1

Influenza A vir1

Picornaviruses1

Pathways1

Interaction6

Intracellular1

Citation1

Structures1

Zika12

Host12

Zoonotic4

Dynamics3

Microscopy1

Antiviral5

Poliovirus1

Assays1

Endoplasmic1

Mutation2

Genes2

Vitro1

Infect3

Inhibition2

Induce1

Inhibitors2

Clues1

Outbreaks11

Transmitted by mosquitoes1

Lipids1

Emergence2

Strains3

Vaccine4

Reveals2

Important6