• This is because it interacts with both RNA-binding adapter proteins and components of the nuclear pore complex. (wikipedia.org)
  • We initially used maps statically to generate a database with localization and absolute copy number information for over 8700 proteins from HeLa cells, approaching comprehensive coverage. (elifesciences.org)
  • Proteins are the tools and machines of the cell, and each organelle has its own set of proteins that it requires to work correctly. (elifesciences.org)
  • Each cell contains ten or more organelles, and several thousand different types of proteins. (elifesciences.org)
  • The location of many proteins in a cell is unclear or simply not known. (elifesciences.org)
  • set out to develop a method that reveals the locations of all the proteins in a cell at any given time. (elifesciences.org)
  • The resulting technique maps the location of most of the proteins in a human cancer cell line and, in addition, determines how many copies of each protein there are. (elifesciences.org)
  • Except for select proteins, most mitochondrial proteins are made in the cytosol of the cell and transported into the mitochondria. (reasons.org)
  • The cell's machinery initially makes mitochondrial proteins as pre -proteins with a signal sequence at one of its ends (the N terminus). (reasons.org)
  • Receptor proteins that are part of the TOM complex recognize the signal sequence and transport the protein through a channel within the TOM interior into the intermembrane space (the region between the mitochondrian's inner and outer membranes). (reasons.org)
  • Several coactivator proteins have been shown to bind steroid receptors and enhance their interaction with basal transcription factors, thereby amplifying the transcriptional activation potential of the receptor. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In their absence, the bulk of the matrix proteins are mislocalized to the cytosol 5 , even though these cells still contain peroxisomal membrane structures to which peroxisomal membrane proteins (PMPs) are sorted 6 . (rug.nl)
  • To better study synaptic development in individual neurons, we need cell-type-specific strategies to visualize endogenous synaptic proteins. (jefferson.edu)
  • Although presynaptic strategies exist, postsynaptic proteins remain less studied because of a paucity of cell-type-specific reagents. (jefferson.edu)
  • Proteins targeted to the peroxisome (in plants called glyoxisomes) are synthesized in the cytoplasm of the cell and are targeted to the peroxisome post-translationally, possibly via multiple pathways. (tcdb.org)
  • In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , the minimal transport machinery includes the membrane proteins Pex13 and Pex14 and the cargo-protein-binding transport receptor, Pex5. (tcdb.org)
  • Intrinsically disordered regions in Pex13 and Pex5 resemble those found in nuclear pore complex proteins. (tcdb.org)
  • To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)
  • In order for the translocation of mRNAs through the nuclear pore complex to occur, a heterodimer consisting of NXF1/TAP and NXT1/p15 must bind to the transcripts. (wikipedia.org)
  • This construct, when expressed in HEK 293 cells, was able to bind ligand, to traffic to the plasma membrane and to form homodimers. (umontreal.ca)
  • The Fc receptors bind antibody-antigen immune complexes and mediate adaptive immune responses. (biolegend.com)
  • Pex5p, the PTS1 receptor, is known to bind to the integral Pex13p and/or Pex17p and the peripheral Pex14p. (tcdb.org)
  • they have receptors for the crystallizable fragment (Fc) region of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and for complement, which enable them to bind with immune complexes and present the complex to B cells in germinal centers of secondary lymphoid organs. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The cells were then stained with FITC Rat Anti-Mouse CD4 antibody (Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Right Panel: Mouse splenic leucocytes were stimulated for 3 days with concanavalin A. The cells were preincubated with Purified Rat Anti-Mouse CD16/CD32 antibody and then stained with either BD Horizon APC-R700 Rat IgG1, λ Isotype Control (dashed line histogram) or BD Horizon APC-R700 Rat Anti-Mouse CD25 antibody (solid line histogram). (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Defective antibody production and low circulating numbers of B cells were described in some female infants and in males in whom no Btk abnormalities were detected. (medscape.com)
  • The antibody is produced by a white blood cell called a B lymphocyte , based on the foreign antigen. (sciforums.com)
  • Each B cell produces a single species of antibody, each with a unique antigen-binding site. (sciforums.com)
  • When a naïve or memory B cell is activated by antigen (with the aid of a helper T cell), it proliferates and differentiates into an antibody-secreting effector cell. (sciforums.com)
  • Effector B cells can begin secreting antibody while they are still small lymphocytes, but the end stage of their maturation pathway is a large plasma cell … which continuously secretes antibodies at the astonishing rate of about 2000 molecules per second. (sciforums.com)
  • To maximize performance, it is strongly recommended that the reagent be titrated for each application, and that you centrifuge the antibody dilution before adding to the cells at 14,000xg at 2 - 8°C for 10 minutes. (biolegend.com)
  • For blocking of Fc receptors in flow cytometric analysis, pre-incubate the cells with purified anti-CD16/CD32 antibody (=1.0 µg per 10 6 cells in 100 µL volume) for 5-10 minutes on ice prior to immunostaining. (biolegend.com)
  • The Armenian hamster antibody H146-968 reacts with an intracellular epitope (amino acids 151-164) of CD3 zeta chain (CD247), which is a component of TCR/CD3 complex expressed on T cells. (exbio.cz)
  • Separation of human CD3 zeta positive CD3 positive T cells (red-filled) from CD3 zeta negative CD3 negative lymphocytes (black-dashed) in flow cytometry analysis (intracellular staining) of human peripheral whole blood stained using anti-human CD3 zeta (H146-968) PE-Cy™7 antibody (concentration in sample 12 μg/ml). (exbio.cz)
  • More moderate antibody staining intensity was present in cells in the white pulp in spleen, germinal center cells in the lymph node, lymphoid tissue in appendix and non-germinal center cells in the tonsil. (enquirebio.com)
  • Serologic response to influenza vaccination was similar in both groups: greater fold-increases in antibody titer occurred among participants with lower pre-vaccination antibody titers. (cdc.gov)
  • For other B-cell defects, such as specific Ig deficiencies (eg, immunoglobulin A [IgA] or immunoglobulin G [IgG] subclass deficiencies), refer to the article B-Cell Disorders . (medscape.com)
  • Early stages of B-cell differentiation can be identified by the status of the immunoglobulin genes and by the cell surface markers CD34, CD19, and surface immunoglobulin (sIg). (medscape.com)
  • It is useful for blocking non-specific binding of immunoglobulin to Fc receptors. (biolegend.com)
  • This complex of mb-1, B29 polypeptides, immunoglobulin constitute the B cell Ag receptor. (enquirebio.com)
  • T cells stimulate B cells to undergo further proliferation and Ig class switching, leading to the expression of the various isotypes IgG, IgA, or immunoglobulin E (IgE). (medscape.com)
  • The use of cell lines does, however, introduce a risk the immunoglobulin (Ig)-secreting plasma cell in the spleen, of obtaining cell line-specific features as a result of the trans- gut, or BM [1, 2]. (lu.se)
  • GABA B receptors are the G protein-coupled receptors for GABA, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, and through coupling to different intracellular signal transduction mechanisms they mediate slow inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) (Bettler et al. (springer.com)
  • Stimulation of postsynaptic GABA B receptors generally triggers inhibition of adenylate cyclase and activation of G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K + (GIRK/Kir3) channels, leading to cell hyperpolarisation (Kaupmann et al. (springer.com)
  • However, how presynaptic scaffold assembly and maturation are controlled and coupled spatiotemporally to the postsynaptic assembly of neurotransmitter receptors remains largely unknown, although trans-synaptic signalling via Neurexin-1 (Nrx-1)-Neuroligin-1 (Nlg1) adhesion molecules is a strong candidate for a conserved 'master module' in this context, based on Nrx-Nlg signalling promoting synaptogenesis in vitro, synapses of rodents, Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila (Muhammad, 2015). (sdbonline.org)
  • In Drosophila, the Syd-1-PDZ domain binds the Nrx-1 C terminus and couples pre- with postsynaptic maturation at nascent synapses of glutamatergic neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) in Drosophila larvae. (sdbonline.org)
  • Also, for the first time, it now is possible to analyze pre- and postsynaptic effects of wild-type and/or genetically modified synapses in a simple neuronal network. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Furthermore, most experimental set-ups only allow the analysis of mono-directional transmission, i.e., studying only pre- or postsynaptic effects, and only between certain types of cells. (technologynetworks.com)
  • This in turn results in increased amplitudes of postsynaptic responses and hence allows the reliable detection of changes in postsynaptic receptor function. (technologynetworks.com)
  • But the goodies this method offers don't stop there, as Prof. Obermair explains: "Both cells of the cultured paired network can function as stimulated, i.e., presynaptic, and innervated, i.e., postsynaptic neurons. (technologynetworks.com)
  • A series of complex events underlies preand postsynaptic protein recruitment to neuronal connections. (jefferson.edu)
  • To study excitatory postsynapses with cell-type specificity, we engineered dlg1[4K], a conditionally labeled marker of Drosophila excitatory postsynaptic densities. (jefferson.edu)
  • Using dlg1[4K], we find that distinct rules govern postsynaptic organization in adult neurons, multiple binary expression systems can concurrently label pre- and postsynapse in a cell-type-specific manner, and neuronal DLG1 can sometimes localize presynaptically. (jefferson.edu)
  • Chemical neurotransmission occurs at specialized contacts where neurotransmitter release machinery apposes neurotransmitter receptors to underlie circuit function. (jefferson.edu)
  • Antibodies can be produced by bone marrow plasma cells, which in some cases will keep producing antibodies for decades. (sciforums.com)
  • I am doubting, how these long kived cells go on producing antibodies without antigens? (sciforums.com)
  • TotalSeq™-A antibodies are compatible with 10x Genomics Single Cell Gene Expression Solutions . (biolegend.com)
  • Small increase in CD19 density on the cell surface is associated with production of specific autoantibodies (against single- and double-stranded DNA, histone, rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibodies). (nordiqc.org)
  • The HA is also the primary target of neutralizing antibodies elicited by infection or vaccination, and the HA of virus from this specimen is very closely related (99% identity) to the A/Astrakhan/3212/2020-like pre-pandemic candidate vaccine viruses (e.g. (cdc.gov)
  • cells are activated by interaction with antigens and obtain T indicated that the cell lines representing a defined cell help, they mature into terminally differentiated plasma stage generally presented a high similarity in over- cells secreting large amounts of antibodies [10 -12]. (lu.se)
  • Metabotropic GABA B receptors mediate slow inhibitory effects presynaptically and postsynaptically through the modulation of different effector signalling pathways. (springer.com)
  • We identified the dynein-dynactin complex as an RUFY1 interaction partner, and similar to a subset of activating dynein adaptors, the coiled-coil region of RUFY1 was required for interaction with dynein and the ability to mediate dynein-dependent organelle clustering. (bvsalud.org)
  • Flow cytometric analysis was performed using a BD LSRFortessa™ Cell Analyzer System. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Functional GABA B receptors are obligate heterodimers composed of GABA B1 and GABA B2 subunits, and they are implicated in a number of disorders, including cognitive impairments, nociception, anxiety, depression and epilepsy (Bettler et al. (springer.com)
  • Fast inhibition in the nervous system is commonly mediated by GABA A receptors comprised of 2α/2β/1γ subunits. (jneurosci.org)
  • In contrast, GABA C receptors containing onlyρ subunits (ρ1-ρ3) have been predominantly detected in the retina. (jneurosci.org)
  • We therefore tested the hypothesis that GABA A and GABA C subunits formed a heteromeric receptor. (jneurosci.org)
  • Finally, coimmunoprecipitation indicated that the ρ1 subunit formed complexes that also containedα1 and γ2 subunits. (jneurosci.org)
  • Taken together these separate lines of evidence suggest that the effects of GABA in central neurons can be mediated by heteromeric complexes of GABA A and GABA C receptor subunits. (jneurosci.org)
  • One explanation could be that ρ subunits assemble with subunits from other receptor subfamilies, but this hypothesis is contentious. (jneurosci.org)
  • Gβγ subunits interact with these receptors in a constitutive way. (umontreal.ca)
  • T cell activation through the antigen receptor (TCR) involves the cytoplasmic tails of the CD3 subunits CD3 gamma, CD3 delta, CD3 epsilon and CD3 zeta (CD247). (exbio.cz)
  • Fast inhibition in the CNS is principally mediated by the neurotransmitter GABA acting on GABA A and GABA C ionotropic receptors ( Macdonald and Olsen, 1994 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Conversely, inhibition of PVA neuronal activity using DREADDs (designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs) or inactivation of PVA extracellular signal-regulated kinase at the critical time window blunted mechanical hyperalgesia in chronic pain models. (iasp-pain.org)
  • To understand the spatial relationship of GABA B receptors with two key effector ion channels, the G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K + (GIRK/Kir3) channel and the voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channel, biochemical and immunohistochemical approaches were performed. (springer.com)
  • These data provide a better framework for understanding the different roles played by GABA B receptors and their effector ion channels in the cerebellar network. (springer.com)
  • Myeloid cells are a chief effector of pre-metastatic niche function. (nature.com)
  • To examine the involvement of interchromatin granule clusters (IGCs) in transcription and pre-mRNA splicing in mammalian cell nuclei, the serine-arginine (SR) protein kinase cdc2-like kinase (Clk)/STY was used as a tool to manipulate IGC integrity in vivo. (rupress.org)
  • However, both the accumulation of splicing factors at sites of pre-mRNA synthesis as well as pre-mRNA splicing are dramatically reduced, demonstrating that IGC disassembly perturbs coordination between transcription and pre-mRNA splicing in mammalian cell nuclei. (rupress.org)
  • The mammalian orthologs of Derailed and SRC64B also form complexes, suggesting that Src roles in RYK signaling are conserved. (biologists.com)
  • Analysis of this HA gene shows that it is closely related to avian A(H5) viruses in HA clade 2.3.4.4b and lacked amino acid changes that improve recognition of mammalian receptors or fusion of the viral membrane with the host endosomal membranes. (cdc.gov)
  • The pre-metastatic niche is a complex microenvironment formed by the influence of tumor-derived factors on stromal and immune cells at distant sites of disseminated tumor-cell colonization. (nature.com)
  • Myeloid-cell recruitment takes place in response to signals from stromal cells that remodel the extracellular matrix and secrete growth factors and cytokines that recruit and instruct immune cells 2 , 3 . (nature.com)
  • The new mapping method could be used in the future to analyse the anatomy of different cell types, such as nerve cells and cells of the immune system. (elifesciences.org)
  • This study investigated the link between GM and the intrahepatic T cell receptor (TCR) immune repertoire (IR), and whether GM modulates the intrahepatic immune microenvironment via TCR IR during liver fibrosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Furthermore, GM modulated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation via TCR IR-mediated intrahepatic immune milieu. (frontiersin.org)
  • Intestinal antigens (IAg) (originating either from pathogenic microorganisms or from food) that enter the portal circulation, are captured by intrahepatic antigen-presenting cells (APCs), leading to T cell receptor (TCR) recognition and hence the activation of the adaptive immune system. (frontiersin.org)
  • The interaction between the GM and intrahepatic immune microenvironment is regulated and stabilized by a complex network of factors including IAg, immune cells, and cytokines. (frontiersin.org)
  • In the liver, cell types such as hepatocytes, immune cells, and hepatic stellate cells (HSC) interact with each other. (frontiersin.org)
  • Sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor-1 signaling maintains endothelial cell barrier function and protects against immune complex-induced vascular injury. (hss.edu)
  • Generally these are secondary, tertiary and other subsequent immune responses to the same ahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunological_memory#:~:text=Immunological%20memory%20is%20the%20ability,responses%20to%20the%20same%20antigen.ntigen. (sciforums.com)
  • Transgenic mice over-expressing CD19 show reciprocal phenotype with increase in peritoneal B-1 lymphocytes, increase B-cell proliferation, reduction of number of B-cells exiting bone marrow, reduced surface IgM, and elevated humoral immune responses. (nordiqc.org)
  • Overview of the Immune System The immune system distinguishes self from nonself and eliminates potentially harmful nonself molecules and cells from the body. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Although some antigens (Ags) can stimulate the immune response directly, T cell-dependent acquired immune responses typically require antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to present antigen-derived peptides within major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Another peptide, Box5 (a WNT5A derived antagonist) is in pre-clinical trials for malignant melanoma. (lu.se)
  • When the heavy chain is produced, it is transported to the cell surface by the Ig-α (CD79a) and Ig-β (CD82) heterodimers or by the surrogate light chain. (medscape.com)
  • A disulphide-linked heterodimer, consisting of mb-1 (or CD79a), B29 (or CD79b) polypeptides, is non-covalently associated with membrane-bound immunoglobulins on B cells. (enquirebio.com)
  • CD79a first appears at pre B cell stage, early in maturation,, persists until the plasma cell stage where it is found as an intracellular component. (enquirebio.com)
  • CD79a is found in the majority of acute leukemias of precursor B cell type, in B cell lines, B cell lymphomas,, in some myelomas. (enquirebio.com)
  • Anti-CD79a is generally used to complement anti-CD20 especially for mature B-cell lymphomas after treatment with Rituximab (anti-CD20). (enquirebio.com)
  • Anti-CD79a also stains more cases of plasma cell myeloma, occasionally some types of endothelial cells as well. (enquirebio.com)
  • In this process, TOM and TIM aren't brothers, but large protein complexes found in the outer and inner membranes of mitochondria. (reasons.org)
  • The peroxisomal protein import machinery, which shares similarities with chloroplasts, is unique in transporting folded and large (up to 10 nm in diameter) protein complexes into peroxisomes. (tcdb.org)
  • Studying the complex interactions between synaptic nerve endings as well as their development has now become much easier. (technologynetworks.com)
  • This was required to find the exact right conditions for growing mouse hippocampal neurons in cell cultures in such a way that they allow bi-directional measurements of synaptic functions in isolated paired neurons. (technologynetworks.com)
  • The accumulation of FtsY-ribosome complexes induces the formation of intracellular membranes needed for their quantitative accommodation. (rupress.org)
  • Our results with E. coli , in conjunction with recent observations made with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , raise the possibility that the SRP receptor-mediated formation of intracellular membrane networks is governed by evolutionarily conserved principles. (rupress.org)
  • For successful transgene expression, viruses administered into muscle must undergo a series of processes, including host cell interaction and internalization, intracellular sorting, long-range retrograde axonal transport, endosomal liberation, and nuclear import. (frontiersin.org)
  • The application of strychnine to the spinal cord increased the inspiratory-related intracellular calcium rise in these cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Intracellular antigens (eg, viruses) can be processed and presented to CD8 cytotoxic T cells by any nucleated cell because all nucleated cells express class I MHC molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The functional sarcomere is controlled by calcium levels which vary due to calcium influx caused by electrical signals acting on the sarcoplasmic reticulum RyR2 receptor channels 1 . (cytoskeleton.com)
  • Although defects may occur in many steps in B-cell development and maturation resulting in the lack of Ig production, the most common and well-described defect is the one at the stage of pro-B-cell to pre-B-cell maturation (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • Here, we show that the non-receptor Src family tyrosine kinases, SRC64B and SRC42A, are involved in WNT5-mediated signaling through Derailed in the Drosophila embryonic central nervous system. (biologists.com)
  • We previously demonstrated that in an isolated brainstem-spinal cord preparation from neonatal rats, a local bath application of strychnine (a broad antagonist of glycine and GABA A receptors) to the spinal cord enhances thoracic inspiratory motor activity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our previous study demonstrated that the inspiratory motor activity in the neonatal rat rostral thoracic ventral root was enhanced when glycine and γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA A ) receptors in the thoracic spinal cord were blocked by a local bath application of the receptors' antagonist, strychnine [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using a voltage-sensitive dye, we further observed that this blockade of glycine and GABA A receptors increased inspiratory depolarizing signals in the interneuron area of the rostral thoracic spinal cord [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although host susceptibility stress, (6) induces chronic inflam- benzene) that induce not only muta- factors have a modulating role in mation, (7) is immunosuppressive, tions but also a variety of epigenetic carcinogenesis and can affect un- (8) modulates receptor-mediated changes. (who.int)
  • Pex7p, the PTS2 receptor, interacts with Pex14p which interacts with Pex13p. (tcdb.org)
  • In order for the binding of the complex to the mRNA to occur, the eIF4AIII factor is inhibited, stopping the hydrolysis of ATP. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Exon junction complexes play a major role in mRNA surveillance. (wikipedia.org)
  • Moreover, granulosa-luteal cell mRNA levels of LHR, AR, AMH, and SOX9 were significantly higher in the rLH supplementation group relative to the group that did not receive rLH supplementation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, we observed significant correlations between LHR and AR mRNA expression and among AR, AMH, and SOX9 mRNA expression in granulosa-luteal cells from patients undergoing standard IVF treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The peroxisomal receptor dislocation pathway: To the exportomer and beyond. (rug.nl)
  • The ATP-dependent dislocation of the PTS1 receptor from the peroxisomal membrane into the cytosol is mediated by the AAA peroxins Pex1p and Pex6p ( Platta et al . (tcdb.org)
  • Studies of the assembly and plasma membrane trafficking of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signalling complexes will play an important role in the development of new drugs with fewer side effects. (umontreal.ca)
  • This receptor complex has increased VEGF signalling activity in endothelial cells. (vegfr-3inhibitor.com)
  • This development occurs under the influence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), which is secreted by various cell types (eg, endothelial cells, fibroblasts). (msdmanuals.com)
  • The objective of this study was to determine the gene expression profiles of the androgen/androgen receptor (AR) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH)/ Sry-related high-mobility group box 9 (SOX9) pathways in granulosa-luteal cells from patients undergoing standard in vitro fertilization (IVF) with or without recombinant luteinizing hormone (rLH) therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our laboratory focusses on how WNT5A expression is regulated in these cancers and deciphering the WNT5A signaling pathways governing cancer cell migration and invasion. (lu.se)
  • Specific modalities can be associated with unique peripheral receptors, peripheral axons of stereotyped diameter and specific central projection pathways. (cdc.gov)
  • Subcellular localization critically influences protein function, and cells control protein localization to regulate biological processes. (elifesciences.org)
  • Members of the RYK/Derailed family have recently been shown to regulate axon guidance in both Drosophila and mammals by acting as Wnt receptors. (biologists.com)
  • We identified arrestin elements involved in scaffolding ASK1-MKK4/4-JNK1/2/3 cascades and constructed novel tools for manipulation of JNK signaling, including short peptides that facilitate JNK3 activation in cells. (hstalks.com)
  • Purusottams current research is to study the mechanisms of novel WNT5A derived antagonistic-peptides in pre-Clinical models of malignant melanoma. (lu.se)
  • Extracellular antigens (eg, from many bacteria) that are phagocytosed or endocytosed can be processed into peptides and complexed with surface class II MHC molecules on professional APCs, which specialize in presenting antigens to CD4 helper T (Th) cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Stromal cells and changes in the matrisome (the extracellular matrix and its components) are paramount to niche formation and contribute to myeloid-cell infiltration. (nature.com)
  • Occurrence and function: CD19 is expressed only on B-cells and follicular dendritic cells. (nordiqc.org)
  • Follicular dendritic cell tumours are reported CD19 positive. (nordiqc.org)
  • It appears to be potentially useful additional marker of follicular dendritic cell tumours. (nordiqc.org)
  • Tonsil and appendix are both appropriate controls: The mantle zone B-cells, the germinal centre B-cells and the follicular dendritic cells must show a strong staining reaction. (nordiqc.org)
  • Dendritic cells are present in the skin (as Langerhans cells), lymph nodes, and tissues throughout the body. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Dendritic cells in the skin act as sentinel APCs, taking up antigen, then traveling to local lymph nodes where they can activate T cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Follicular dendritic cells are a distinct lineage (a different cell type than conventional dendritic cells), do not express class II MHC molecules, and therefore do not present antigen to Th cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Se- lective receptor inactivation is an early change fol- lowing exposure to certain neurotoxins, e.g., failure of the generator potential, followed by loss of the axon filopod processes in Pacinian corpuscles, are early physiological and morphological alterations following acrylamide intoxication (4, 5). (cdc.gov)
  • As an initial step in this direction, we used BRET to study basic interactions between these receptors and known signalling partners. (umontreal.ca)
  • Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling contributes to a variety of processes, mediating many aspects of cellular function, including nutrient uptake, anabolic reactions, cell growth, proliferation, and survival. (mdpi.com)
  • Here, neurotransmitters are released and bound by receptors, as well as recycled again by later uptake mechanisms. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Serum from melioidosis survivors enhanced bacteria uptake into human monocytes expressing FcγRIIa-H/R131, an intermediate-affinity IgG2-receptor, compared with serum from nonsurvivors. (cdc.gov)
  • Administration of gene therapy viruses into skeletal muscle, where distal terminals of motor and sensory neurons reside, has been shown to result in extensive transduction of cells within the spinal cord, brainstem, and sensory ganglia. (frontiersin.org)
  • Crucially, some viral vectors (i.e., viruses specifically used to deliver genetic material into cells) have the potential to circumvent the blood-brain- (BBB) and blood-spinal cord barriers (BSCB) when intravenously injected. (frontiersin.org)
  • Outside the brain, norepinephrine is used as a neurotransmitter by sympathetic ganglia located near the spinal cord or in the abdomen , as well as Merkel cells located in the skin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using whole-cell patch clamp recording and the in situ hybridization method, we also showed that some inspiratory interneurons in the ventromedial portion of the rostral thoracic spinal cord are glutamatergic [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The main objectives of our present investigation were thus to (i) monitor the inspiratory-related calcium rise in the ventromedial portion of the thoracic spinal cord at the single-cell level using confocal microscopy and (ii) examine the possibility that the disinhibition-induced increase in inspiratory thoracic motor activity is caused by increased activity of active inspiratory neurons and/or a recruitment of inactive inspiratory neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A heterodimer between the FP and PAF receptors was also detected. (umontreal.ca)
  • Signaling through the kinase p38α and regulation of the type I interferon receptor are now linked to formation of the pre-metastatic niche. (nature.com)
  • 3D three-dimensional, BMSC bone marrow-derived stromal cell, CCR chemokine (C motif) receptor, GPCR G protein-coupled receptor, MCP-1 monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, PI3K PI3 kinase. (figshare.com)
  • Derailed and SRC64B form a complex, which contains catalytically active SRC64B, the formation or stability of which requires SRC64B kinase activity. (biologists.com)
  • Here we show that in cells depleted of the SRP protein, Ffh or the translocon component SecE, the ribosomal targeting pathway is blocked downstream and unprecedented, membrane-bound FtsY-ribosomal complexes are captured. (rupress.org)
  • Ovarian androgens are produced by thecal cells and exert their action in a paracrine fashion on granulosa cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CD3 complex is crucial in transducing antigen-recognition signals into the cytoplasm of T cells and in regulating the cell surface expression of the TCR complex. (exbio.cz)
  • Kikuchi-Maki A, Catina TL, Campbell KS: Cutting edge: KIR2DL4 transduces signals into human NK cells through association with the Fc receptor gamma protein. (exbio.cz)
  • Two peroxisomal targeting signals, PTS1 and PTS2, are recognized by separate sets of receptors. (tcdb.org)
  • The position and motion sensors of the muscles and joints, and the touch receptors of the extremities (proprioceptive system) send signals regarding bodily position, particularly in relation to the support surface. (cdc.gov)
  • HN - 2008 BX - Von Ebner's Glands MH - Cumulus Cells UI - D054885 MN - A05.360.319.114.630.535.200.500 MN - A06.407.312.497.535.300.500 MN - A11.436.300.500 MS - The granulosa cells of the cumulus oophorus which surround the OVUM in the GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE. (bvsalud.org)
  • HN - 2008 BX - Granulosa Cells, Cumulus MH - Coronary Sinus UI - D054326 MN - A07.231.908.194.500 MS - A short vein that collects about two thirds of the venous blood from the MYOCARDIUM and drains into the RIGHT ATRIUM. (bvsalud.org)
  • The development of B-cells is not influenced by CD19, but CD19 deficient mice show decrease in lymphocyte number and impairment of lymphocyte function as well as reduction in formation of germinal centres. (nordiqc.org)
  • Germinal center B-cells in a lymph node or tonsil. (enquirebio.com)
  • An intense signal was observed in cells in the white pulp in spleen, germinal center cells in the lymph node, lymphoid tissue in appendix and non-germinal center cells in the tonsil. (enquirebio.com)
  • In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies have shown that Purkinje cells (PCs), the output neurons of the cerebellar cortex, are the neuron type with the highest levels of GABA B receptors (Bowery et al. (springer.com)
  • This requires complex physiological activities between the ends of different nerve cells (neurons), the synapses. (technologynetworks.com)
  • At infection sites, activated T cells secrete cytokines (eg, interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) that induce production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, preventing macrophages from leaving. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The mature B cells circulate between secondary lymphoid organs and migrate into lymphoid follicles of the spleen and lymph nodes in response to further stimuli and various chemokines. (medscape.com)
  • immature cell is then subjected to negative selection to delete grouped based on their previously defined pheno- self-reactive cells before it leaves the BM to enter peripheral typic features, and a gene expression pattern for lymphoid organs, where it becomes a mature B cell [9]. (lu.se)
  • Combining these new datasets with existing published gene expression and protein expression data have identified selected panels of novel biomarkers which have been evaluated on over 100 cervical cancer and pre-cancer cases using standard immunohistochemistry approaches. (europa.eu)
  • Here, we introduce a novel approach for retinal ganglion cell (RGC) classification, based on pharmacogenetics combined with immunohistochemistry and large-scale retinal electrophysiology. (biorxiv.org)
  • With our approach, and accompanied by immunohistochemistry, we were able to extend the pre-existing list of Grik4 expressing RGC types to a total of 8 RGC types and, for the first time, we provide a phenotypical description of 14 Scnn1a-expressing RGCs. (biorxiv.org)
  • Virus-mediated gene therapy has the potential to deliver exogenous genetic material into specific cell types to promote survival and counteract disease. (frontiersin.org)
  • Gene therapy viruses are non-replicating, but still hijack host cell machinery to express transgenes of interest in the nucleus. (frontiersin.org)
  • An estimated 90% of patients with early-onset agammaglobulinemia and absence of B cells have abnormalities in the Btk gene (ie, Bruton agammaglobulinemia or XLA). (medscape.com)
  • Our novel strategy allows grouping of cells sharing gene expression and understanding how these cell classes respond to basic and complex visual scenes. (biorxiv.org)
  • Our approach consists of increasing the firing level of RGCs co-expressing a certain gene ( Scnn1a or Grik4 ) using excitatory DREADDs (Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs) and then correlate the location of these cells with post hoc immunostaining, to unequivocally characterize anatomical and functional features of these two groups. (biorxiv.org)
  • In yeast, de novo peroxisome formation was generally studied in peroxisome-deficient pex3 cells following reintroduction of the PEX3 gene. (rug.nl)
  • Mutations in the gene for Igα as well as in other pre-B cell receptor complex as λ 5/14.1 (IGLL1) and in the the gene for μ heavy chain (IGHM), can cause a disorder clinically similar to XLA. (lu.se)
  • The defect of µ heavy-chain gene on chromosome 14 is the most frequent abnormality in patients with agammaglobulinemia and decreased B cells but no defect in Btk. (medscape.com)
  • The hemagglutinin (HA) gene codes for one of the two surface glycoproteins and is central to species specificity because it is responsible for virus attachment and fusion with host cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Levels of reproductive hormones in the pre-ovulatory follicular fluid and the expression levels of LHR (luteinizing hormone receptor), AR, SOX9, AMH, AR-associated protein 54(ARA54)and ARA70 were determined in granulosa-luteal cells by real-time reverse-transcription PCR. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The clinical outcomes were similar in patients who received rLH therapy and those who did not, though the pre-ovulatory follicular fluid levels of androstenedione, testosterone, and estradiol were significantly higher and progesterone was lower in the rLH supplementation group. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Progression from this late pro-B-cell to the pre-B-cell stage involves the rearrangement and joining of the various segments of the heavy chain genes. (medscape.com)
  • Traditionally, peroxisomes were assumed to be autonomous organelles that proliferate by fission of pre-existing ones. (rug.nl)
  • Direct insertion of PMPs into peroxisomes depends on Pex3 and Pex19 8 , Pex19 being the chaperone/receptor for PMPs and Pex3 the peroxisomal docking protein for the Pex19-cargo complex. (rug.nl)
  • Pex26p is the recruiter of Pex1p-Pex6p complexes to peroxisomes. (tcdb.org)
  • AAA peroxins are involved in the export from peroxisomes of Pex5p, the PTS1 (peroxisome-targeting signal type 1) receptor. (tcdb.org)
  • Previous in vivo studies indicated that unlike the E. coli signal recognition particle (SRP), the SRP receptor FtsY is required for membrane targeting of ribosomes. (rupress.org)
  • Link to all annotated objects annotated to membrane protein complex. (planteome.org)
  • Link to all direct and indirect annotations to membrane protein complex. (planteome.org)
  • De la fluorescence non spécifique a été détectée dans la cellule (même en absence de l'étiquette SNAP sur le récepteur). (umontreal.ca)
  • Elles ont permis de déterminer que : les récepteurs PAF et FP homodimérisent, que les récepteurs PAF et FP hétérodimérisent, que les protéines Gβγ interagissent de manière constitutive avec ces récepteurs et qu'aucun signal de BRET n'a été détecté avec la protéine Gα et ce, en présence ou en absence de stimulation par un agoniste (suggérant qu'il est nécessaire d'optimiser le système présentement utilisé). (umontreal.ca)
  • Non-specific fluorescence was detected in the cell, even in the absence of the SNAP tag. (umontreal.ca)
  • Both fundamentally different models explain why cells lack peroxisomal membrane structures in the absence of Pex3 or Pex19: in model A, PMPs are instable or mislocalized to the cytosol in pex3 or pex19 cells, whereas in model B, PMPs accumulate at the ER. (rug.nl)
  • With different collaborators we solved crystal structures of all four vertebrate arrestins, the arrestin-rhodopsin complex, and pre-activated arrestin-3 in the absence of receptor. (hstalks.com)
  • Therefore a potential benefit pathologically to confirm the presence cells, which leads to abnormal differen- could be expected if we had a feasible or absence of gastritis and/or malignan- tiation of cells [3]. (who.int)
  • In the fetal bone marrow, the first committed cell in B-cell development is the early pro-B cell, identified by its ability to proliferate in the presence of interleukin-7 (IL-7). (medscape.com)
  • The completion of rearrangement of the light and heavy chains and the presence of surface IgM results in the immature B cell, which then leaves the bone marrow. (medscape.com)
  • Female Sprague-Dawley rats implanted with bone cancer cells develop mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia but antagonizing GM-CSF in these animals significantly reduced such hypersensitivity. (iasp-pain.org)
  • B lymphocyte development is a highly ordered process pro- expression analysis without the use of intermediate amplifica- ceeding from the progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) to tion steps. (lu.se)
  • Both immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy analyses of cells overexpressing Clk/STY indicate that IGC components are completely redistributed to a diffuse nuclear localization, leaving no residual structure. (rupress.org)
  • Mechanically stimulated cells revealed a localization of FN around the cell periphery as well as an increase in FN fibril formation. (nature.com)