• Bleomycin is therapeutically used to treat malignant neoplasms such as sarcomas, lymphomas, melanomas, and germinal cell cancers. (yashodahospitals.com)
  • Bleomycin is approved for use in adults and can be used alone or with other drugs as palliative treatment and management of malignant neoplasms. (yashodahospitals.com)
  • oxidation modification of the genetic material may also participate in the progression of benign to malignant neoplasms. (bvsalud.org)
  • This is associated with transport to the nucleus and loss of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from the mitochondria, providing a mechanistic basis for uniparental inheritance of mtDNA in humans. (nature.com)
  • Intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasms (IOPNs) are distinct from intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms based on characteristic morphologic and genetic features represented by fusion genes involving PRKACA or PRKACB (PRKACA/B). However, pancreatic and biliary tumors with partial oncocytic features are often encountered clinically, and their molecular features are yet to be clarified. (bvsalud.org)
  • This study included 80 intraductal papillary neoplasms: 32 tumors with mature IOPN morphology (typical), 28 with partial or subclonal oncocytic features (atypical), and 20 without oncocytic features (control). (bvsalud.org)
  • Oral cancer is a wide-ranging category of location for neoplasms and includes tumors of different etiologies and histopathological profiles, although the vast majority relate to squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) [1]. (bvsalud.org)
  • [ 2 ] Histones are proteins that both provide structural support for DNA (DNA wraps around a core of histones to form nucleosomes) and are involved in the regulation of gene expression. (medscape.com)
  • all genes associated with this syndrome (ie, DKC1 , TERT, TERC, NOP10 ) encode proteins in the telomerase complex responsible for maintaining telomeres at the ends of chromosomes regarding shortening length, protection, and replication. (medscape.com)
  • Cell cycle progression, phosphorylation, and DNA binding of cell cycle checkpoint proteins were analyzed. (nih.gov)
  • Both mutations impact excision-repair cross-complementing proteins important for DNA repair during replication. (arizona.edu)
  • Forty myoepitheliomas were tested by the avidin-biotin complex technique with a panel of antisera specific for mouse keratins, intermediate filaments, and other cytoskeletal proteins to determine the cell type from which this neoplasm originated. (jax.org)
  • 1) Characterize novel families of oncoproteins (Pbx and Meis) that dimerize with and regulate the DNA binding properties of Hox proteins. (stanford.edu)
  • Mismatch repair, minichromosome maintenance complex component 2, cyclin A, and transforming growth factor β receptor type II as prognostic factors for colorectal cancer: results of a 10-year prospective study using tissue microarray analysis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Mouse models of lung and colorectal cancer with sporadic DNA mismatch repair deficiency clarify that the intratumor heterogeneity and clonal architecture rather than tumor mutational burden are powerful determinants of immunotherapy response. (nature.com)
  • Driver somatic mutations identify distinct disease entities within myeloid neoplasms with myelodysplasia. (hunimed.eu)
  • These results serve as a proof of concept that a molecular classification of myeloid neoplasms is feasible. (hunimed.eu)
  • Acute myeloid leukemia has a number of subtypes and precursor neoplasms that are distinguished from each other by morphology, immunophenotype, cytochemistry, and genetic abnormalities (see also The 2016 World Health Organization [WHO] Classification of myeloid neoplasms ) all of which have important implications for prognosis and treatment. (msdmanuals.com)
  • T his is a state-of-the-art review of the molecular genetics of pancreatic neoplasms. (coek.info)
  • Although understanding of the molecular features underlying pancreatic neoplasms is still in its infancy, a strong emphasis on the relevance of these findings for the practicing surgical pathologist is provided. (coek.info)
  • INTRODUCTION Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in both men and women in the United States.1 There have been significant advances in our understanding of the genetics of pancreatic neoplasms in the past 2 decades, as well as an explosion of information over the past 3 years, largely because of the availability of whole genome and exome sequencing technologies. (coek.info)
  • This article provides a state-of-the-art review of the molecular genetics of pancreatic neoplasms with a strong emphasis on the relevance of these findings for the practicing surgical pathologist. (coek.info)
  • Myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasm (MDS/MPN) overlap syndromes-disorders that include features of both myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN)-are entities whose diagnosis and management have proved challenging. (medscape.com)
  • 1. A referral to p. 57 has been added to the table title, to refer the reader to the Myeloproliferative neoplasm, unclassifiable section, to which this table relates. (who.int)
  • The diagnosis of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), The diagnosis of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), unclassifiable, requires that either all 3 criteria are met. (who.int)
  • Loss-of-function mutations of ASXL1 , which encodes a protein that recruits the PRC2 complex to the histones, is a driver event in some cases of MDS/MPN. (medscape.com)
  • Introduction: CHEK2 mutations are associated with increased risk of having neoplasms of various organs, including thyroid, breast, colon, renal and ovarian cancers. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Usurping these processes to deregulate functional pathways is likely simpler than generating mutations or chromosomal aberrations (unless DNA repair is deficient and genetic instability is present). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Defective DNA repair resulting from mutations in nucleotide excision-repair cross-complementing or ERCC genes is common to both disorders. (arizona.edu)
  • Mutations in TET2, other epigenetic regulators, and other regulators of cytokine signaling are not specific to the classic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) but may influence prognosis and play roles in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) dysregulation and progression to accelerated or blast-phase disease. (oncohemakey.com)
  • The activation of replication checkpoint may slow down DNA replication and improve DNA replication fidelity, which increases the maintenance of genomic stability and counteracts carcinogenesis. (nih.gov)
  • Such molecular contexts include the interactions of the FA pathway with Human Homolog of yeast rad6 (HHR6) pathway under stressed conditions to promptly repair damaged DNA, and the association of the basal-level activated FANCD2 with MCM (Mini-Chromosome Maintenance) helicase complexes for the timely fire of replication origins under non-stressed conditions. (uhcancercenter.org)
  • Rabbit polyclonal to Parp.Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), also designated PARP, is a nuclear DNA-bindingzinc finger protein that influences DNA repair, DNA replication, modulation of chromatin structure,and apoptosis. (2011globalhealth.org)
  • Cell-free system -- A mixture of cytoplasmic and/or nuclear components from cells used for in vitro protein synthesis, transcription, DNA replication, or other purposes. (nih.gov)
  • This protein was found to also interact with DNA polymerase alpha/primase and mediate the phosphorylation of the large p180 subunit, which suggests a regulatory role in DNA replication during the S-phase of the cell cycle. (cancerindex.org)
  • 1990. Cell replication and unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) activity of low molecular weight chlorinated paraffins in the rat liver in vivo. (cdc.gov)
  • Two nucleoside inhibitors of DNA methylation, azacitidine and decitabine, are now standard of care for the treatment of the myelodysplastic syndrome, a deadly form of leukemia. (aacrjournals.org)
  • These old drugs, developed as cytotoxic agents and nearly abandoned decades ago were resurrected by the renewed interest in DNA methylation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The epigenetic potential of DNA methylation inhibitors may be limited by other epigenetic mechanisms that are also worth exploring as therapeutic targets. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Multiple mechanisms have evolved to perform these essential functions: DNA methylation, a bewildering array of histone modifications, RNA-based regulation, etc. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Here, a novel mass spectrometry-based proteomics technique in colorectal cancer cells expressing stabilized β-catenin, was used to identify a protein-protein interaction between β-catenin and DNA methyltransferase I (Dnmt1) protein, the primary regulator of DNA methylation patterns in mammalian cells. (nih.gov)
  • In addition, lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A), a regulator of DNMT1 stability, was identified as a component of the Dnmt1-β-catenin protein complex and perturbation of the Dnmt1-β-catenin interaction altered DNA methylation. (nih.gov)
  • Aberrant DNA methylation of promoter region CpG islands is an alternative mechanism that leads to genetic defects in the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes during myelomagenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To address this aim we have designed the lungNENomics study, an international cohort of over 250 cases of pulmonary carcinoids, with clinical data and central pathology review, as well as whole-genome sequencing, RNA sequencing, DNA methylation array, and digital spatial profiling data. (who.int)
  • Although disease-defining abnormalities have not yet been found, the present knowledge of these aberrations offers better understanding of these neoplasms and can supplement the morphologic and immunophenotypic diagnostic features. (medscape.com)
  • Introduction: CHEK2 gene is one of the genes in the DNA repair complex. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Dysfunction of genes in this complex leads to genomic instability and is regarded as a cause of tumorigenesis. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Expression of PRKACA, PRKACB, and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein was upregulated in neoplasms with PRKACA/B fusion genes (P (bvsalud.org)
  • In some atypical neoplasms with mixed subtypes, PRKACA/B fusion genes were superimposed exclusively on oncocytic components. (bvsalud.org)
  • In conclusion, PRKACA/B fusion genes not only are the characteristic drivers of IOPNs but also play a crucial role in the development of subclonal oncocytic neoplasms. (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition, these alterations affect 3 principal categories of genes, as follows: proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair genes. (medscape.com)
  • Mapping, gene -- Determination of the relative positions of genes on a chromosome (or other DNA molecule) and of the distance, in linkage units or physical units, between them. (nih.gov)
  • Our knowledge of the genetic basis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) has considerably improved. (hunimed.eu)
  • In the "simple-diploid" cases no or few genetic alterations could be detected, whereas the "complex-diploid" samples numerous aberrations (equal or more than 3) could be found. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Long-read nanopore DNA sequencing can resolve complex intragenic duplication/deletion variants, providing information to enable preimplantation genetic diagnosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Genetic changes have also been studied in the past few decades, with documentation of aneuploid DNA content in seminomas and intratubular germ cell neoplasia of the unclassified type (IGCNU), the precursor lesion. (medscape.com)
  • DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid -- The primary genetic material of all cellular organisms and the DNA viruses. (nih.gov)
  • Environmental carcinogens and certain other endogenous factor (genetic alteration and mutation) interacting in a complex manner can give rise to development of cancer. (bvsalud.org)
  • Background Non-muscle invasive bladder neoplasms with invasion of the lamina propria (stage T1) or high grade of dysplasia are at "high risk" of progression to life-threatening cancer. (researchhunt.com)
  • The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)
  • Their work has revealed new molecular contexts by which FA signaling performs anti-neoplasm activities in general populations. (uhcancercenter.org)
  • Pharmaceutical research has successfully incorporated a wealth of molecular modeling methods, within a variety of drug discovery programs, to study complex biological and chemical systems. (mdpi.com)
  • The MM pathogenesis is a multistage, complex process where cytogenetic, molecular and epigenetic mechanisms act together. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These data have been combined with previously published LNET data to perform integrative analysis using multi-omics factor analysis (MOFA), resulting in a molecular map of lung neuroendocrine neoplasms for exploration. (who.int)
  • According to comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) data published in the literature, the simple and complex karyotypes show a correlation between the prognosis and clinical outcome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For this reason, we performed a fine-tuned interpretation of our DNA ploidy results and compared these to high-resolution comparative genomic hybridization (HR-CGH) outcome, by using the same samples. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) is a powerful diagnostic tool for detecting DNA copy number gains and losses associated with chromosome abnormalities. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • With optimized, proprietary reagents, the Enzo Life Sciences CGH Labeling Kits for oligo arrays produce high quality data using as little as 0.25 µg of genomic DNA, without a need for pre-amplification. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • Here we describe structure-guided engineering of a CRISPR-Cas9 complex to mediate efficient transcriptional activation at endogenous genomic loci. (cdc.gov)
  • It works by inhibiting the synthesis of RNA and DNA of carcinoma cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is a competitive inhibitor of cell-free RNA and DNA synthesis, and blocks the action of DNase I. Anthramycin-methyl-ether (AME) forms a complex with DNA which blocks off synthesis by prohibiting DNA binding with proper enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bleomycin inhibits the uncontrolled cell division in cancer-causing cells by inhibiting DNA synthesis. (yashodahospitals.com)
  • Bleomycin interacts with cancerous cells and binds with the DNA, and inhibits cell synthesis by breaking DNA strands. (yashodahospitals.com)
  • the induction of benign neoplasms may in some circumstances (see Section 9) contribute to the judgement that the exposure is carcinogenic. (who.int)
  • An important aspect of viral strategies is whether starting materials, mostly plasmid DNA and HEK293T cells, need to be good manufacturing practice (GMP)-graded or not, which clearly has an impact on its availability cost. (ebmt.org)
  • These data highlight the importance of understanding complex Girdin functions that influence cancer cell sensitivity to therapeutics. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
  • Comutation of TET2 and SRSF2 was highly predictive of a myeloid neoplasm characterized by myelodysplasia and monocytosis, including but not limited to, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. (hunimed.eu)
  • The chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal disorders characterized by overproduction of mature myeloid cells. (oncohemakey.com)
  • roliferating activity of tumor cells and DNA ploidy using flow or static cytometry. (gov.pl)
  • In the specimens selected for CGH analysis, the proportion of tumor cells were estimated after hematoxylin-eosin staining of tissue sections preceding to DNA extraction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Some patients have combined phenotypical features of Cockayne syndrome (CS) and xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) known as the XP-CS complex ( 216400 ). (arizona.edu)
  • Analysis of syndromic DNA using an oligonucleotide microarray (Agilent 4 x 180K) demonstrated the characteristic deletion in 15q11.2-q13 (chromosome 15) found in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • Mechanistically, the CIP2A-TOPBP1 complex prematurely associates with DNA lesions within ruptured micronuclei during interphase, which poises pulverized chromosomes for clustering upon mitotic entry. (nature.com)
  • The CD19 reactivity patterns differ from those of CD20 in several B-cell lesions: In plasma cells neoplasms with t(11;14) the expression of CD19 and CD20 is mutually exclusive, the majority of cases are CD20+ while only a small fraction of these tumours expresses CD19. (nordiqc.org)
  • Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B-cell neoplasm characterized by end-organ damage, which may include hypercalcemia, renal dysfunction, anemia and lytic bone lesions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Upon signal induction, the coactivator MAL/MRTF is released from a repressive complex with monomeric actin, binds the transcription factor SRF and activates target gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The TP53 gene is also capable of stimulating apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)
  • EZH2 encodes the catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), a histone-modifying enzyme. (medscape.com)
  • Small increase in CD19 density on the cell surface is associated with production of specific autoantibodies (against single- and double-stranded DNA, histone, rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibodies). (nordiqc.org)
  • This protein also forms a core subunit of the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation (NURD) complex that epigenetically regulates embryonic stem cell differentiation. (cancerindex.org)
  • Pulmonary carcinoids are well differentiated low to intermediate grade lung neuroendocrine tumours (LNETs), that belong to the group of lung neuroendocrine neoplasms which also include highly aggressive lung neuroendocrine carcinomas (LNECs). (who.int)
  • Mitotic clustering facilitates the reassembly of acentric fragments into rearranged chromosomes lacking the extensive DNA copy-number losses that are characteristic of canonical chromothripsis. (nature.com)
  • The stochastic inheritance of chromosome fragments by both newly formed daughter cells could in part contribute to the alternating DNA copy-number states that are characteristic of chromothripsis 2 . (nature.com)
  • Chromatography -- Any of several techniques for the separation or purification of complex mixtures that rely on the differential affinities, or the attractions or forces between particles that cause them to combine, of substances for a gas or liquid mobile medium (such as gelatin) and for a stationary adsorbing medium (such as paper) through which they pass. (nih.gov)
  • PARP-1 recognizes DNAstrand interruptions and can complex with RNA and negatively regulate transcription. (2011globalhealth.org)
  • As a transcription factor whose expression is increased by DNA damage, p53 blocks cell division at the G1 phase of the cell cycle to allow DNA repair. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, the connection between DNA ploidy and clinical course is controversial. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The aim of this study was using a fine-tuning interpretation of our DNA ploidy results and to compare these with metaphase high-resolution CGH (HR-CGH) results. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results show a correlation between the DNA-ploidy, a fine-tuned DNA-ploidy and the HR-CGH results. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The spelling of the term "cohesin complex" has been corrected. (who.int)
  • In the nucleus it behaves as a DNA chaperone, sustains nucleosome dynamics and chromosomal stability, and contributes to telomere maintenance [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Inactivation of CIP2A-TOPBP1 caused acentric fragments to disperse throughout the mitotic cytoplasm, stochastically partition into the nucleus of both daughter cells and aberrantly misaccumulate as cytoplasmic DNA. (nature.com)
  • In the present study, we found that Girdin is involved in DNA damage-induced cancer cell apoptosis. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
  • An esophageal cancer cell line that exhibited high Girdin expression showed a marked sensitivity to UV-mediated DNA damage compared to a line with low Girdin expression. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
  • When transcriptional activation of endogenous Girdin was mediated by an engineered CRISPR/Cas9 activation system, sensitivity to DNA damage increased in both stationary and migrating HeLa cancer cells. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
  • P53 is definitely part of the complex DNA damage control system, which studies the integrity of the genome. (researchhunt.com)
  • Oxidative stress produces DNA damage and also induces responses, which could help the cell to restore the initial equilibrium. (hindawi.com)
  • Bleomycin's primary mechanism of action is to oxidatively damage DNA by binding to metal ions, including iron, and forming metallic bleomycin complexes. (yashodahospitals.com)
  • DNA damage increases TP53 levels through an ATM-dependent pathway. (medscape.com)
  • Over the last two decades, Dr. Fei's program has provided previously unrecognized facts that can demonstrate roles of abnormal FA signaling in promoting the neoplasm in patients without FA. (uhcancercenter.org)
  • Recent improvements in microarray technology made it possible to display the genome for chromosomal imbalances (= loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and/or DNA copy number (CN) alterations) with high resolution [9-13]. (researchhunt.com)
  • β-catenin is a component of the complex cadherin complex whose stabilization is required to activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling. (chemdiv.com)
  • RESULTS: Minichromosome maintenance complex component 2 (MCM2) and cyclin A were significantly associated with overall survival. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)
  • Assessment of Cancer Predisposition Syndromes in a National Cohort of Children With a Neoplasm. (cdc.gov)
  • Epithelial Protein Lost in Neoplasm α is a novel cytoskeleton-associated tumor suppressor whose expression inversely correlates with cell growth, motility, invasion and cancer mortality. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sequencing of daughter cell pairs derived from micronucleated mother cells demonstrated that complex rearrangements are indeed a common outcome of micronucleus formation. (nature.com)
  • However, in most cases, these patterns of chromothripsis differed from those in cancer genomes as the rearrangements were largely restricted to a single daughter cell and lacked the canonical oscillations in DNA copy-number states 2 . (nature.com)
  • The emergence of chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CARTs) has revolutionized the treatment of B-cell neoplasms in the last few years. (ebmt.org)
  • It is a part of B-cell Receptor Complexes (BCR) on the cell surface together with CD21, CD81 and CD225. (nordiqc.org)
  • CD19 is found on majority of B-cell neoplasms with some exceptions. (nordiqc.org)
  • CD19 is useful in identification of B-cell lineage of majority of B-cell neoplasms but appears to be less useful in subclassifying of B-cell neoplasms in histological material. (nordiqc.org)
  • Managing sickle cell anemia in children is complex. (cdc.gov)
  • Overall, 60% of germ cell neoplasms have seminoma in their composition, but pure seminomas are genetically different from those that present as a component of a mixed tumor. (medscape.com)
  • Inside the cell, enzymes create RNA and DNA by facilitating the reaction of ribose with adenosine. (nih.gov)
  • Squamous-cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and pharynx (OSCC) is a malign neoplasm originating in the lining of the epithelium, and is considered to be the most common malign neoplasm of the oral cavity [2]. (bvsalud.org)
  • In epithelial cells, Eplin is required for formation of the F-actin adhesion belt by binding to the E-cadherin-catenin complex through α-catenin [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In a complex organism like the body, cells are continuously differentiating. (cancer.gov)
  • Here we show that pulverized chromosomes from micronuclei spatially cluster throughout mitosis and identify the CIP2A-TOPBP1 complex as an essential regulator of this process. (nature.com)
  • It is believed that Bleomycin chelates metal ions to produce a pseudo-enzyme that reacts with the oxygen-producing superoxide and hydroxyl free radicals that cleave DNA. (yashodahospitals.com)