• This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of miR-34a and 11 of its bioinformatically selected target genes and proteins to test their potential dysregulation in RCC. (hindawi.com)
  • The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1). (lookformedical.com)
  • Genes whose protein products stimulate or enhance the division and viability of cells. (cancerquest.org)
  • Genes whose protein products can directly or indirectly prevent cell division or lead to cell death. (cancerquest.org)
  • The normal versions of genes in the first group are called proto-oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
  • The mutated or otherwise damaged versions of these genes are called oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
  • Numerous genes have been identified as proto-oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
  • As stated in the introduction to this section, the defective versions of these genes, known as oncogenes, can cause a cell to divide in an unregulated manner. (cancerquest.org)
  • Of the 31 genes, the 21 upregulated genes were primarily associated with cell paracrine and intracellular signaling, transcription regulation and cell adhesion and migration, and their transcriptional products included transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 and transcriptional factor AP-2α/γ ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • By contrast, the 10 downregulated genes were primarily associated with epithelial membrane proteins ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the rel gene (GENES, REL). (childrensmercy.org)
  • BCL2A1 is an anti-apoptotic member of the BCL-2 family that contributes to chemoresistance in a subset of tumors. (edu.au)
  • Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2), encoded in humans by the BCL2 gene, is the founding member of the Bcl-2 family of regulator proteins that regulate cell death (apoptosis), by either inhibiting (anti-apoptotic) or inducing (pro-apoptotic) apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The over-expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein in lymphocytes alone does not cause cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other studies have shown that dendritic cell lifespan may be partly controlled by a timer dependent on anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. (wikipedia.org)
  • At molecular level, down-regulation of HSP70-2 resulted in reduced expression of cyclins, cyclin dependent kinases, anti-apoptotic molecules and mesenchymal markers and enhanced expression of CDK inhibitors, caspases, pro-apoptotic molecules and epithelial markers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We determined expression of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 members in these models and primary PA. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • Dependence of senescent PA cells on anti-apoptotic BCL-2 members was investigated using a comprehensive set of BH3 mimetics. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met), a member of tyrosine protein kinase receptors (TPKR), is phosphorylated during LPLI-induced proliferation, but tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) receptor has not been affected. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. (lookformedical.com)
  • for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway. (lookformedical.com)
  • A protein-serine-threonine kinase that is activated by PHOSPHORYLATION in response to GROWTH FACTORS or INSULIN. (lookformedical.com)
  • Background Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is the most common pediatric brain tumor and a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-driven disease. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • CDK4 is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (thermofisher.com)
  • It is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression. (thermofisher.com)
  • The pro-apoptotic proteins in the BCL-2 family, including Bax and Bak, normally act on the mitochondrial membrane to promote permeabilization and release of cytochrome c and ROS, that are important signals in the apoptosis cascade. (wikipedia.org)
  • Due to the fact that dendritic cells are the immune system's most important antigen-presenting cells, their activity must be tightly regulated by mechanisms such as apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Further, we studied the effect of HSP70-2 protein ablation on signaling cascades involved in apoptosis, cell cycle and Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition both in culture as well as in-vivo human breast xenograft mouse model. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Depletion of HSP70-2 in MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells resulted in a significant reduction in cellular growth, motility, onset of apoptosis, senescence, cell cycle arrest as well as reduction of tumor growth in the xenograft model. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, we have examined the putative role of HSP70-2 in apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in-vitro and in-vivo xenograft mouse model using gene silencing approach. (biomedcentral.com)
  • BH3 mimetics with high affinity for BCL-XL (BCL-XLi) reduce metabolic activity and induce mitochondrial apoptosis in senescent PA cells at nano-molar concentrations. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • Several MYC-induced pathways, such as activation of the p53/ARF pathway, changes in expression, and activity of BCL2 proteins or alterations in death receptor signaling have been linked to apoptosis. (ashpublications.org)
  • HSP70-2 expression was examined in 154 tumor and 103 adjacent non-cancerous tissue (ANCT) specimens and breast cancer cell lines (MCF7, BT-474, SK-BR-3 and MDA-MB-231) by RT-PCR, quantitative-PCR, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, flow cytometry and indirect immunofluorescence. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Plasmid driven short hairpin RNA approach was employed to validate the role of HSP70-2 in cellular proliferation, senescence, migration, invasion and tumor growth. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Heat shock family of proteins (HSPs) is proposed to play pivotal role in breast tumor development owing to their intrinsic molecular chaperone properties [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We also report that HSP70-2 plays an important role in cellular growth, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells and tumor growth of breast cancer xenograft. (biomedcentral.com)
  • and cell differentiation ( SOX2 and TGFB3 ) as well as immunohistochemical assay for VEGFA, TP53, Bcl2, TGFB1, and Ki67 protein expression have been performed in 85 FFPE RCC tumor specimens. (hindawi.com)
  • B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. (lookformedical.com)
  • A useful analogy to consider when thinking about tumor suppressors and oncogenes is an automobile. (cancerquest.org)
  • NK cells contribute to cancer immune surveillance not only by their direct natural cytotoxicity which is triggered rapidly upon stimulation through germline-encoded cell surface receptors, but also by modulating T-cell mediated antitumor immune responses through maintaining the quality of dendritic cells and enhancing the presentation of tumor antigens. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we discuss effects of the GB tumor microenvironment on NK-cell functionality, summarize early treatment attempts with ex vivo activated NK cells, and describe relevant CAR target antigens validated with CAR-T cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Its ability to ubiquitinate p53 is regulated by TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN P14ARF. (umassmed.edu)
  • Conclusions Our data demonstrate that BCL-XL is critical for survival of senescent PA tumor cells and provides proof-of-principle for the use of clinically available BCL-XL-dependent senolytics. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • Taking advantage of the diverse γδ TCR repertoire or other ligand-receptor interactions, γδ T cells can recognize a broad spectrum of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent manner, thereby activating downstream pleiotropic effects. (explorationpub.com)
  • Bcl-2 derives its name from B-cell lymphoma 2, as it is the second member of a range of proteins initially described in chromosomal translocations involving chromosomes 14 and 18 in follicular lymphomas. (wikipedia.org)
  • But simultaneous over-expression of Bcl-2 and the proto-oncogene myc may produce aggressive B-cell malignancies including lymphoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • In follicular lymphoma, a chromosomal translocation commonly occurs between the fourteenth and the eighteenth chromosomes - t(14;18) - which places the Bcl-2 gene from chromosome 18 next to the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus on chromosome 14. (wikipedia.org)
  • Extranodal lymphoma of lymphoid tissue associated with mucosa that is in contact with exogenous antigens. (lookformedical.com)
  • There is a low background incidence of BL worldwide (sBL), which is rarely associated with EBV and accounts for 1-2% of adult lymphoma in Western Europe and America, but eBL is associated with (EBV) in over 95% of cases and is predominant in the equatorial belt of Africa and other parts of the world where malaria is hyperendemic. (bmj.com)
  • 1 BL tumour cells usually express IgM, 13 - 15 B-cell markers such as CD19, CD20 and CD22 and markers of germinal centre (GC) centroblasts such as CD10, BCL6 4 and the human germinal centre-associated lymphoma (HGAL) protein. (bmj.com)
  • 1 , 3 In Burkitt lymphoma (BL), a highly aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma, overexpression of MYC is invariably connected to chromosomal translocations of the MYC proto-oncogene to immunoglobulin loci. (ashpublications.org)
  • Finally, overexpression of TRIM28 or knock-out of TRIM17 reduced BCLA1 protein levels and restored sensitivity of melanoma cells to BRAF-targeted therapy. (edu.au)
  • Antibodies to Bcl-2 can be used with immunohistochemistry to identify cells containing the antigen. (wikipedia.org)
  • HSP70-2 expression was also observed in all breast cancer cells (BT-474, MCF7, MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3) used in this study. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In normal cells, both internal and external signals control the activity of the oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
  • IκBζ, an atypical member of the nuclear IκB family of proteins, is expressed at low levels in most resting cells, but is induced upon stimulation of Toll-like/IL-1 receptors through an IRAK1/IRAK4/NFκB-dependent pathway. (oncotarget.com)
  • 24 25 This is a process catalysed by B-cell specific V(D)J recombinase activating enzymes RAG-1/2 which are expressed in both pre-B cells and GC B cells. (bmj.com)
  • The central dogma of molecular biology states that the transfer of genetic information within cells transpires sequentially from DNA to RNA to proteins, whose coding sequences comprise a paltry 1.5-2% of the human genome [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recently, a large number of signaling proteins reported play an important key role in the process of LPLI-induced cell proliferation, probably due to the fact that the molecular events they are involved in are the basic response of the cells to extracellular stimuli. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, similar to T cells, specific recognition and elimination of cancer cells by NK cells can be markedly enhanced through expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which provides an opportunity to generate NK-cell therapeutics of defined specificity for cancer immunotherapy. (frontiersin.org)
  • Protein expression and function of organic anion transporters in short-term and long-term cultures of Huh7 human hepatoma cells. (cancerindex.org)
  • In normal cells the BRCA1 protein is localized in the nucleus, whereas in the majority of breast cancer cell lines and in malignant pleural effusions from breast cancer patients, it is localized mainly in the cytoplasm. (jefferson.edu)
  • 18. Transformation of primary human embryonic kidney cells to anchorage independence by a combination of BK virus DNA and the Harvey-ras oncogene. (crsociety.org)
  • Oncogenic MAPK-signaling drives the majority of cells into oncogene-induced senescence (OIS). (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • Results Senescent PA cells upregulate BCL-XL upon senescence induction and show dependency on BCL-XL for survival. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins fail to activate human dendritic cells or "" T cells. (tcd.ie)
  • 3 Increased amounts of MYC protein are found in many types of human cancer because control mechanisms keeping MYC in check are inactivated during malignant transformation of cells. (ashpublications.org)
  • We show that the acetylation mimetic GAC.K316Q does not assemble into higher order oligomers and this modification likely inhibits protein activity in cells. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • Similar to αβ T cells, γδ T cells also develop in embryos, and their intra-thymic development shows strict regulation and flexible plasticity [ 2 ]. (explorationpub.com)
  • Discs Large Homolog 1 Protein" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Discs Large Homolog 1 Protein" by people in this website by year, and whether "Discs Large Homolog 1 Protein" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Discs Large Homolog 1 Protein" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)
  • BCL-2 is localized to the outer membrane of mitochondria, where it plays an important role in promoting cellular survival and inhibiting the actions of pro-apoptotic proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our studies have demonstrated that several of the proteins encoded by cellular oncogenes function in fundamental aspects of gene regulation. (stanford.edu)
  • 577Role of Cellular Proteins in RV Replication. (vdocuments.net)
  • Transmembrane region of proteins is likely to have a stretch of hydrophobic amino acids. (medicosplexus.com)
  • In the present study, we have investigated the possible association of HSP70-2 mRNA and protein expression with various stages, grades and histotypes of breast cancer patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This fusion gene is deregulated, leading to the transcription of excessively high levels of Bcl-2. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pharmacological disruption of the Notch transcription factor complex. (harvard.edu)
  • The encoded protein can activate transcription through pyrimidine-rich initiator (Inr) elements and E-box motifs. (cancerindex.org)
  • These are frequently activated by fusion to other transcriptional proteins resulting in chimeric transcription factors. (stanford.edu)
  • We demonstrate here that GSK-3 maintains the MLL leukemia stem cell transcriptional program by promoting the conditional association of CREB and its coactivators TORC and CBP with homedomain protein MEIS1, a critical component of the MLL-subordinate program, which in turn facilitates HOX-mediated transcription and transformation. (stanford.edu)
  • Rel frequently combines with other related proteins (NF-KAPPA B, I-kappa B, relA) to form heterodimers that regulate transcription. (childrensmercy.org)
  • 1 MYC is a basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper transcription factor that dimerizes with the related protein MAX. (ashpublications.org)
  • Immunoglobulin J Recombination Signal Sequence-Binding Protein" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Immunoglobulin J Recombination Signal Sequence-Binding Protein" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Immunoglobulin J Recombination Signal Sequence-Binding Protein" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Immunoglobulin J Recombination Signal Sequence-Binding Protein" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
  • Damage to the Bcl-2 gene has been identified as a cause of a number of cancers, including melanoma, breast, prostate, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and lung cancer, and a possible cause of schizophrenia and autoimmunity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bcl-2 expression is frequent in small cell lung cancer, accounting for 76% cases in one study. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the present study, we investigated the potential role and association of HSP70-2 with breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • HSP70-2 expression was detected in majority of breast cancer patients (83 %) irrespective of various histotypes, stages and grades. (biomedcentral.com)
  • HSP70-2 is over expressed in breast cancer patients and was involved in malignant properties of breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This suggests HSP70-2 may be potential candidate molecule for development of better breast cancer treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we provide evidence that HSP70-2 expression is associated with IDC histotype of breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Different cancer types tend to depend on a limited number of 'driver' oncogene mutations. (cancerquest.org)
  • Selected oncogenes that have been associated with numerous cancer types are described in more detail below. (cancerquest.org)
  • Kunwor R, Silver DP, Abu-Khalaf M. PARP Inhibitors for the Treatment of BRCA1/2-Mutated Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. (jefferson.edu)
  • Real-world patient-reported outcomes and physician satisfaction with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors versus chemotherapy in patients with germline BRCA1/2-mutated human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer from the United States, Europe, and Israel. (jefferson.edu)
  • Real-World Study of Regional Differences in Patient Demographics, Clinical Characteristics, and BRCA1/2 Mutation Testing in Patients with Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor?2-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer in the United States, Europe, and Israel. (jefferson.edu)
  • Real-world study of patients with germline BRCA1/2-mutated human epidermal growth factor receptor 2?Negative advanced breast cancer: Patient demographics, treatment patterns, adverse events, and physician-reported satisfaction in the United States, Europe, and Israel. (jefferson.edu)
  • Some evidence suggests that this may result from abnormal expression of Bcl-2 and increased expression of caspase-3. (wikipedia.org)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • p100 and p105 can however undergo limited proteolysis to generate p52 and p50, respectively, which can form heterodimers with Rel proteins to form transcriptional activators [ 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • A ubiquitously expressed sequence-specific transcriptional repressor that is normally the target of signaling by NOTCH PROTEINS. (harvard.edu)
  • We are studying the effects and consequences of protein fusion on the transcriptional and transforming activities of these proteins using in vitro and animal models. (stanford.edu)
  • HER2/neu (also called ERB B2 ) is the gene that encodes the human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2. (cancerquest.org)
  • Kim E, Cho KO, Rothschild A, Sheng M. Heteromultimerization and NMDA receptor-clustering activity of Chapsyn-110, a member of the PSD-95 family of proteins. (umassmed.edu)
  • When multivariate analysis was used to determine if HER-2/neu was an independent prognostic factor in endometrial cancers taking into account other molecular features such as DNA ploidy, epidermal growth factor receptor, or p53 status, HER-2/neu status failed to achieve significance. (medmuv.com)
  • It contains an N-terminal RING FINGER DOMAIN and is a PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 1 regulatory subunit. (jefferson.edu)
  • Overexpression of HER-2/neu has been associated with advanced stage, deep myometrial invasion, and poor survival in endometrial cancers in several studies. (medmuv.com)
  • Gene amplification did not underlie all cases of HER-2/neu overexpression, although both gene amplification and overexpression were each associated with poor outcomes. (medmuv.com)
  • The prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 gene (PTGS2), which encodes cyclooxygenase-2, was found to upregulate the expression of TGF-β2 ( 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The advanced pathological grade was associated with strong TGFB1, VEGFA, and Ki67 protein expression and absent Tp53 staining. (hindawi.com)
  • However, results in the ability of these isoforms to bind to the BAD and BAK proteins, as well as in the structural topology and electrostatic potential of the binding groove, suggest differences in antiapoptotic activity for the two isoforms. (wikipedia.org)
  • bcl-2 is an antiapoptotic gene. (medicosplexus.com)
  • BCL-2 is known to regulate mitochondrial dynamics, and is involved in the regulation of mitochondrial fusion and fission. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recently, the signaling proteins involved in LPLI-induced proliferation merit special attention, some of which are regulated by mitochondrial signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1. The enzymic phosphorylation of N6-(delta 2-isopentenyl) adenosine in chick liver homogenates. (crsociety.org)
  • Therefore, our data describe a molecular rheostat in which two proteins of the TRIM family antagonistically regulate BCL2A1 stability and modulate cell death. (edu.au)
  • Some proto-oncogenes work to regulate cell death. (cancerquest.org)
  • The mutant proteins often retain some of their capabilities but are no longer sensitive to the controls that regulate the normal form of the protein. (cancerquest.org)
  • 1) Characterize novel families of oncoproteins (Pbx and Meis) that dimerize with and regulate the DNA binding properties of Hox proteins. (stanford.edu)
  • EXPERIMENTAL Methods Protein Creation Enzymatic Assay Size Exclusion Serial Dilution and Site-directed Mutagenesis Recombinant protein manifestation and purification the streamlined glutaminase activity assay as well as the size exclusion evaluation of serial dilutions had been performed as previously released (5). (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • A set of twenty-five thioxanthene-9-one and xanthene-9-one derivatives, that were previously shown to inhibit cholinesterases (ChEs) and amyloid β (Aβ40) aggregation, were evaluated for the inhibition of tau protein aggregation. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • Mutations in this gene as well as in its related proteins including D-type cyclins, p16(INK4a) and Rb were all found to be associated with tumorigenesis of a variety of cancers. (thermofisher.com)
  • However, the enzymes involved in the regulation of BCL2A1 protein stability are currently unknown. (edu.au)
  • A small Ca++ binding protein that modifies activity of many enzymes and other proteins in response to changes of Ca++ concentration is known as Calmodulin. (medicosplexus.com)
  • The two isoforms of Bcl-2, Isoform 1, and Isoform 2, exhibit a similar fold. (wikipedia.org)
  • 3. Simultaneous separation of halophilic proteins and nucleic acids after adsorption onto agarose gels. (crsociety.org)
  • The first subfamily of proteins (c-Rel, RelB, p65/RelA) contains a C-terminal transactivation domain. (oncotarget.com)
  • [ 2 ] No sex preponderance is seen for follicular lymphomas, but the incidence increases with age and varies across racial groups. (medscape.com)
  • I. Status of the viral DNA and the association of BK virus early antigens with purified plasma membranes. (crsociety.org)
  • A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes. (lookformedical.com)
  • Although genetic and epigenetic aberrations that occur in components of the central dogma clearly elicit disease development in humans, recent findings also point to a prominent role for non-protein-coding regions of the genome in regulating cell and tissue homeostasis, as well as in contributing to the formation of human tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Methods We established new patient-derived PA cell lines that preserve molecular features of the primary tumors and can be studied in OIS and proliferation depending on expression or repression of the SV40 large T antigen. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • The second subfamily of proteins (p105 and p100) has a C-terminal region that contains multiple copies of ankyrin repeats, instead of a transactivation domain, and can bind to and inhibit Rel proteins. (oncotarget.com)
  • Previous studies established that EBNA3C facilitates degradation of several vital cell cycle regulators, including the retinoblastoma (pRb) and p27(KIP) proteins, by recruitment of the SCF(Skp2) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. (interleukinreceptor.com)
  • This family of proteins comprises two subfamilies that share a DNA-binding and dimerization domain called the Rel homology domain (RHD) [ 4 ] and form homo- or hetero- dimers. (oncotarget.com)
  • However, the clinical relevance and association of HSP70-2 expression in IDC specimens have not been investigated so far. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2) We have discovered a group of oncoproteins that are implicated in long-term maintenance of gene expression through their effects on the state of chromatin. (stanford.edu)
  • 2 Complex regulatory networks control MYC activity leading to up-regulation of its expression in response to mitogens or suppression upon growth inhibitory signals. (ashpublications.org)
  • In contrast, BH3 mimetics without BCL-XLi activity, conventional chemotherapy, and MEK inhibitors show no effect. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • Mdm2 Phosphorylation Regulates Its Stability and Has Contrasting Effects on Oncogene and Radiation-Induced Tumorigenesis. (umassmed.edu)
  • Two different siRNAs Selleckchem AZD5363 against TRPC1 largely inhibited hypoxia-induced upregulation of VEGF mRNA and protein levels. (interleukinreceptor.com)
  • We are investigating how Pbx and Meis proteins contribute to the specificity of Hox function in development and how disruption of their activities leads to neoplasia. (stanford.edu)