Compartments biological transport. Medical search. Frequent questions

The conserved Arg-X-Leu-Arg (RxLR) sequence motif was shown to play an essential role in transporting the secreted pathogen proteins across the plant membrane ( Dou,2008 ). (eu.org)
Membrane proteins and sugars are important structural elements of biological membranes [ 1 ]. (alliedacademies.org)
Membrane proteins are essential for maintaining the structural integrity, molecular structure, and material transport through biological membranes. (alliedacademies.org)
Large proteins that transport ions and water soluble compounds across the membrane are embedded in the lipid bilayer. (alliedacademies.org)
Proteins are then transported to their final destination within the cell through membrane-bound vesicles. (jove.com)
The EIN2 protein is located in the endoplasmic reticulum, the part of the cell that facilitates the transport of proteins within the cell, and plays an essential role in ethylene signaling. (salk.edu)
The yeast YPxL motif binds to a hydrophobic groove in the central V-domain of yeast proteins Bro1 and Rim20 (Alix_V domain-containing proteins), which are implicated in vacuolar transport and the pH response respectively. (eu.org)
Integral proteins carry out molecule transportation while periphery proteins are linked to the peripheral proteins or lipids as they remain outside the membrane and lipid-bound proteins transport the nutrients, ions, and molecules and are also involved in extracellular signal reception. (thesciencenotes.com)
Membrane proteins are involved in active and passive transport system where the nutrient molecules enter into the cell and toxic molecules are transported out of the cell. (thesciencenotes.com)
The movement of the solutes are mediated by the membrane transport protein where a specific transport protein binds to a specific cell type which is differentiated by the differential transcription of the genes coding for each proteins. (thesciencenotes.com)

To deliver their functions, some of them need to be transported within and across subcellular compartments during lipid metabolism. (aocs.org)
These models incorporate species and life stage differences in anatomy, physiology, and key biological processes associated with PAH absorption, tissue distribution and interactions, metabolism, and excretion. (cdc.gov)
Three main features are now said to define living systems a vital metabolism, bounded compartments, and informational programs. (naturalgenesis.net)
Thus, any change in the metal profile of a cellular compartment significantly affects metabolism. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we review progress in the understanding of different subcellular metal transport components in plants and discuss the prospects of regulating cellular metabolism and strategies to develop biofortified crop plants. (frontiersin.org)
Gradually, I changed methodologies, biochemical, molecular biological and physiological, and I have had the pleasure of being part of how plant respiration over time has proven to be involved in many fundamental life processes, developing a more integrated view of plant metabolism. (lu.se)

The primary portal for the cellular internalisation of nanomedicines is endocytosis, which involves transport through a network of highly complex intracellular compartments undergoing a dynamic process of acidification. (nottingham.ac.uk)
In this study, ratiometric polyacrylamide pH nanosensors were utilised to probe fundamental aspects of intracellular trafficking with the view of developing biological insights to aid the rational design of nanomedicines. (nottingham.ac.uk)
These findings represent biological insights, which can be utilised to provide a rational basis for tailoring the response of pH-sensitive nanomedicines to a specific cell type, tuning the physicochemical properties of a material for more efficient intracellular trafficking and optimising siRNA formulations for endo-lysosomal release. (nottingham.ac.uk)
It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments. (wakehealth.edu)
The biological membrane consists of a phospholipid bilayer that divides the intracellular and extracellular components and is composed of lipid, protein, and carbohydrate that exists in a fluid state. (thesciencenotes.com)

V-ATPases are embedded in the membranes surrounding cells, where they transport protons into and out of cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Organization of biological membranes: fundamentals and applications. (alliedacademies.org)
A bilayer of lipid molecules makes up the double sheet that makes up biological membranes. (alliedacademies.org)
The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. (wakehealth.edu)
Since biological membranes are only selectively permeable to solutes, they help create a compartment with controlled conditions inside an organelle. (jove.com)
Unlike the other NHE isoforms, NHE3 is recycled between apical membranes and the endosomal compartment of epithelial cells where it has a significant involvement in renal and intestinal Na + absorption. (tocris.com)
Weak acid at acid pH: more lipid-soluble, becauses it is uncharged--the uncharged form more readily passes through biological membranes. (pharmacology2000.com)
A second central issue lies in the functions of the biological membranes. (lu.se)

The six Arabidopsis ACBPs are subcellularly located in various compartments based on experimental results using a variety of techniques including fluorescent protein tagging in confocal microscopy, immunoelectron microscopy and western blot analysis of subcellular fractions from wild-type plants as well as from transgenic plants expressing fluorescent-tagged ACBPs. (aocs.org)
Different subcellular compartments are suggested to be linked through complex retrograde signaling networks to regulate cellular metal homeostasis. (frontiersin.org)
Understanding the role of these transporters is extremely important to elaborate the signaling between various subcellular compartments. (frontiersin.org)
There are nine known mammalian NHE isoforms (NHE1-9), all of which differ in specific biological function as well as subcellular localization. (tocris.com)

The principles of Ecohydrology are expressed in three sequential components: Hydrological (Framework): The quantification of the hydrological cycle of a basin, should be a template for functional integration of hydrological and biological processes. (wikipedia.org)
1979). Given adequate time, ethion will be degraded by physical, chemical, and biological processes, however, the parent compound can persist at low concentrations from one growing season to the next (25% carryover), and these concentrations can build up slowly in the soil over several growing seasons (Chapman et al. (cdc.gov)
Diffusion plays an integral role in biological processes such as respiration, the process by which organisms exchange gases with their environment. (jove.com)
Lipids are important in many biological processes. (aocs.org)
Microfluidic systems are well-suited for studying mixed biological communities for improving industrial processes of fermentation, biofuel production, and pharmaceutical production. (springer.com)

Vesicles transport many types of molecules within cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Introduction to the structure of biological molecules [6]. (sns.it)
Passive transport system do not require energy but the movement of molecules are by a concentration gradient, hydrophobicity, size and charge of the molecules. (thesciencenotes.com)
Active transport system is against the concentration gradient and requires cellular energy for the movement of molecules which moves from the region of lower concentration to higher concentration. (thesciencenotes.com)
By measuring the self-diffusion of molecules in biological tissues, we obtain information about microscopic structures that are too small to resolve in conventional images. (lu.se)

To study this vectorial transport of organic cations, we constructed a double-transfected Madin-Darby canine kidney strain II (MDCKII) cell line permanently expressing the human organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1, SLC22A1) in the basolateral membrane and MDR1 P-glycoprotein (MDR1 P-gp, ABCB1), an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent efflux pump for organic cations, in the apical membrane. (nih.gov)
When transfected cells were grown polarized on permeable filter supports, berberine was transferred from the basolateral to the apical compartments many times faster by MDCK-OCT1/MDR1 P-gp double transfectants than by MDCK-OCT1 or MDCK-MDR1 P-gp single transfectants. (nih.gov)
The specific MDR1 P-gp inhibitor, zosuquidar trihydrochloride (LY335979), strongly inhibited berberine efflux into the apical compartment. (nih.gov)

This facilitation of metal transport is distinct from metal chelators or buffers, which function to exclude or deplete metals from discrete cellular compartments to thereby limit biological interactions of key metal ions. (frontiersin.org)
The Environmental Fate, Transport, and Ecological Exposure module, TRIM.FaTE , accounts for movement of a chemical through a comprehensive system of discrete compartments (e.g., media and biota) that represent possible locations of the chemical in the physical and biological environments of the modeled ecosystem and provides an inventory, over time, of a chemical throughout the entire system. (epa.gov)

yellow represents the capture and utilization of environmental energy, blue represents the transport of nutrients, and green represents the transport of ions. (naturalgenesis.net)

Eukaryotic cells contain numerous internal compartments. (jove.com)

Within cells, V-ATPases help regulate the pH of particular cell compartments. (medlineplus.gov)
These compartments include endosomes and lysosomes, which digest and recycle materials that the cell no longer needs. (medlineplus.gov)
In biology, a membrane is a thin covering that serves as the external limit of a living cell or an internal cell compartment. (alliedacademies.org)
Early investigations were focused on the 10-kDa ACBPs from mammals and yeast, and from these studies the 10-kDa ACBP has been implicated in biological roles ranging from acyl-CoA transport, maintenance of acyl-CoA pools within the cell and in the protection of acyl-CoAs in the cytosol from enzymes including acyl-CoA hydrolase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and acyl-CoA synthetase [reviewed in 3]. (aocs.org)
Collectively, organelles work collaboratively to produce, degrade, modify and transport biomolecules around the cell, and they do so by performing specific reactions inside their lumens. (uchicago.edu)
The assembly of carriers containing multiple compartments with a structure remindful of a biological cell is envisioned to be an approach to substitute for missing or lost cellular function, often in the context of enzyme replacement therapy. (dtu.dk)
The biological membrane forms a cell and separates the interior of the cell from the external environment by means of a semi-permeable membrane. (thesciencenotes.com)
The outer layer is the plasma membrane while the internal membrane making a compartment is cell organelles. (thesciencenotes.com)
The glucose and amino acids are transported from the bloodstream and diffuses into the cell. (thesciencenotes.com)
In contrast, exosomes, as a natural cell-derived nanocarrier, are immunologically inert if purified from a compatible cell source and possess an intrinsic ability to cross biological barriers. (ox.ac.uk)
How they delineate compartments and form complexity in the cell. (lu.se)

The nucleus: chromosomal DNA and its organization, the Nuclear Pore Complex and nucleus-cytoplasmic transport. (sns.it)
Ethylene sensors in the cells send a signal to the nucleus, the cells' central DNA-containing compartment, which initiates genetic programs so the plant can make changes according to the conditions it faces. (salk.edu)

Organelles are nanoscale compartments inside cells. (uchicago.edu)

Of interest are development of computational and mathematical algorithms and tools, modeling techniques and approaches for understanding the complexity of biological systems, and utilization of big datasets and data science methods for model construction. (nih.gov)

The use of particles promises targeted delivery but the tight macromolecular matrix of the vitreous compartment acts as a barrier and prevents its penetration. (european-biotechnology.com)
Despite the predicted large magnitude of this universal effect and its far-reaching biological implications, few experimental studies of macromolecular crowding have been reported. (lu.se)
provided a biological motivation for studying the effects of This task is further complicated by the background of abun- nominally inert background macromolecules on protein as- dant macromolecular crowding agent. (lu.se)

This process improves access to microfluidics for controlling biological microenvironments, and further enabling visual and quantitative analysis of fungal cultures. (springer.com)

After matching the models for the relative dispersion the remaining differences in relative skewness are predicted, discussing the relative roles of membrane permeability, cellular binding and cytoplasmic transport. (nih.gov)

Fe participates in cellular respiration, synthesis, and stabilization of chlorophyll, photosynthetic electron transport, and various other metabolic functions ( Grotz and Guerinot, 2006 ). (frontiersin.org)

How to integrate all this information with biological and physiological networks? (slideshare.net)

Understanding the physical and molecular cues that initiate the formation and function of branching structures and resolve the underlying mechanisms of growth and transport in branched tissues will benefit relevant industries including those involved in fermentation, biofuel production, and health care. (springer.com)
In a crankcase-lubricated engine, the oil compartment acts as a sink for heavy molecular incomplete combustion products such as PAHs and their analogs (Scheepers and Bos 1992). (cdc.gov)

To make progress in this arena, technical and logistical barriers must be overcome to more effectively deploy microfluidics in biological disciplines. (springer.com)
A major challenge in the drug delivery field is to enhance transport of therapeutics across biological barriers such as the blood brain barrier (BBB), the small intestine, nasal, skin and the mouth mucosa. (dtu.dk)
Previously shown to be capable of traversing biological barriers and to naturally transport functional nucleic acids between cells, they potentially represent a novel and exciting drug delivery vehicle for the field of gene therapy. (ox.ac.uk)

Biostatistics areas of interest include development of advanced statistical techniques and methodologies for design of biological experiments, collection and analysis of the data from those experiments and interpretation of, and inference from, the results. (nih.gov)

As evidence for the role of metal ion dysregulation in the pathogenesis of multiple CNS disorders grows, it has become important to more precisely identify and differentiate the biological effects of various pharmacological modulators of metal ion homeostasis. (frontiersin.org)
Lysosomes play a central role in cellular homeostasis and alterations in this compartment associate with many diseases. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

Biological Transport" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (wakehealth.edu)

Hence, the project should comprise a description of the physico-chemistry of the aquifer/sediment/river water compartments at the model sites and its dynamics including description of (i) the relationship between compartment physico-chemistry, their dynamics and fate of CAH and (ii) evaluation of the potential of in situ degradation of CAHs infiltrating into the river bed via the groundwater by sediment microbial communities. (eugris.info)

PPE selection should consider worker protection for biological exposures and potential chemical exposures based on the disinfectant used. (cdc.gov)

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. (wakehealth.edu)

The LYPxL motif interacts with the cellular protein Alix (ALG2-interacting protein-1, or AIP1), which is associated with the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT). (eu.org)

We identified the lipophilic organic cation berberine, a fluorescent plant alkaloid exhibiting a broad range of biological activities, as substrate of OCT1 and OCT2 with Michaelis-Menten constants of 14.8 microM and 4.4 microM, respectively. (nih.gov)

H + transport and ATP synthesis may therefore be coupled mechanically. (tcdb.org)

The Bradley is equipped with an automatic fire detection and suppression system, which is also included in the engine compartment, as well as a central nuclear, biological and chemical protective suite. (howstuffworks.com)
Nuclear, Biological, Chemical Reconnaissance Vehicle automatically integrates contamination information from detectors with input from navigation and meteorological systems and transmits digital NBC warning messages to warn follow-on forces. (armyrecognition.com)

Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that only minor modifications were possible without loss of biological activity. (portlandpress.com)
The structure of biological tissues can be mimicked by carefully designed colloidal model systems such as emulsions, gels, and liquid crystals. (lu.se)

The selective permeability of the biological membrane refers that different molecule diffuse and passes by the active or passive transport system. (thesciencenotes.com)

She started her lab at the National Center for Biological Sciences in Bangalore, India, 17 years ago as the only chemist in an institute full of biologists. (uchicago.edu)

Branched biological structures are evident across all taxonomic kingdoms and size scales. (springer.com)

LA JOLLA, CA-Scientists at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies have discovered a key genetic switch by which plants control their response to ethylene gas, a natural plant hormone best known for its ability to ripen fruit, but which, under stress conditions, can cause wilted leaves, premature aging and spoilage from over-ripening. (salk.edu)
adapting the crop plants for taking best use of biological pest management approaches. (lu.se)

NHE1, the most well characterized NHE isoform, mediates transepithelial transport in secretory parotid acinar cells and may also mediate ammonium reabsorption in the kidney. (tocris.com)
Exosomes are a subtype of membrane vesicle released from the endocytic compartment of live cells. (ox.ac.uk)

or use data science methods and tools to deduce information about biological systems. (nih.gov)
2223 In recent times, the field has expanded to include genetic engineering and now takes as its ultimate goal no less than the engineering of all biological systems, even completely artificial organic living systems, using biological instrumentalities. (nanomedicine.com)
They had made an "Amazon-style" delivery platform for biological systems: delivery with organelle-level precision. (uchicago.edu)
The results of which have the potential to resolve the underlying mechanisms of growth and transport in these complex branched living systems. (springer.com)
This approach extends the analysis of complex systems from description to prediction, including control of complex dynamic behavior ranging from biological rhythms to catastrophic lethal arrhythmias. (mdpi.com)
We illustrate where such mechanisms of pattern formation arise in biological systems from cellular to tissue scales, with an emphasis on morphogenesis. (mpi-cbg.de)

For example, several countries have developed and implemented laboratory biosecurity legislation to regulate possession, use and access to biological agents while other countries use existing biosafety legislation for pathogen security. (cdc.gov)

All NPs had diameters compatible with cellular transport (≤168 nm) and polydispersity indexes (≤0.16) and ζ-potentials (≤-35 mV) compatible with colloidal stability. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

Subsequent movements even happen within small chemical microcosms called vesicles while en route to their final destinations. (jove.com)
Such sediments form an interface between groundwater and surface water and possesses characteristic biological and physico-chemical degradation properties. (eugris.info)
EMU Loop Scrubs are required preventive maintenance needed to remove any chemical and biological contaminants from the EMU transport loop. (nasa.gov)

It also provides a biological and empirical basis for determin- ing equivalent doses across species, which should im- prove the accuracy of estimating dose and disease risk in humans. (cdc.gov)

The second is the biological challenge of accessing these sub-cellular spaces with accuracy. (uchicago.edu)

Mathematical frameworks have been devised to account for the self-organization of biological patterns, most famously the Turing framework. (mpi-cbg.de)

As a consequence of tissue binding, however, drug distribution cannot be regarded as instantaneous even at the cellular level and the distribution process consists of at least two components: transmembrane exchange and cytoplasmic transport. (nih.gov)

and Latrepirdine (Dimebon), which has a plethora of biological effects, but whose main biological efficacy may derive from an effect on mitochondria. (frontiersin.org)

Automatic detection and segmentation of biological objects in 2D and 3D image data is central for countless biomedical research questions to be answered. (mpi-cbg.de)

model includes alveolar, interstitial, and hilar lymph node compartments. (cdc.gov)
In this study, the model describes the relation- tial parameter estimates for this model were based ship between the respirable particles in the air a worker on both human and animal data of particle deposi- breathes and the retained mass of particles in the lungs tion and clearance and on the biological and physi- and lung-associated (hilar) lymph nodes. (cdc.gov)
This SOP can serve as a model for emergency medical services (EMS) transport agencies to standardize the procedures and responsibilities for the decontamination and disinfection of an ambulance that has transported a person under investigation (PUI) for Ebola or a patient with confirmed Ebola. (cdc.gov)
This Model Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is adapted from the Emory/Grady EMS Bio Containment Transport Protocol, the University of Nebraska Medical Center Biocontainment Transport Protocol, and the United States Department of State Office of Medical Services Operational Medicine Biocontainment Ground Transport Standard Operating Procedures. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy14

Organisms3

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs23

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Phenomena and Processes21

Information Science3

Health Care1

Proteins10

Metabolism6

Intracellular5

Membranes8

Subcellular4

Processes5

Molecules5

Apical3

Discrete2

Ions1

Eukaryotic1

Cell11

Nucleus2

Organelles1

Complexity1

Macromolecular3

Microenvironments1

Membrane permeability1

Metabolic1

Physiological1

Molecular2

Barriers3

Methodologies1

Homeostasis2

MeSH1

Fate1

Exposures1

Biochemical1

Protein1

Fluorescent1

Synthesis1

Nuclear2

Structure2

Molecule1

Sciences1

Structures1

Plants2

Cells2

Systems6

Regulate1

Cellular Transport1

Chemical3

Humans1

Spaces1

Organization1

Tissue1

Mitochondria1

Central1

Model4