• As a haematological cancer that originates from the malignant transformation of plasma cells, MM maintains pathophysiologic heterogeneity due to its complex genetic background ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • It is a clonal genetic heterogeneous disease generally thought to arise from the malignant transformation and expansion of a single lymphoid progenitor at various stages of development ( 3 - 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Malignant transformation has been reported. (ispub.com)
  • The contributors review the normal functions of hematopoietic stem cells-the precursors to white blood cells-and then examine the genetic, epigenetic, and cellular mechanisms that drive malignant transformation. (cshlpress.com)
  • In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), malignant transformation and uncontrolled proliferation of an abnormally differentiated, long-lived myeloid progenitor cell results in high circulating numbers of immature blood cells and replacement of normal marrow by malignant cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Malignant transformation and uncontrolled proliferation of an abnormally differentiated. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Malignant transformation usually occurs at the pluripotent stem cell level, although it sometimes involves a committed stem cell with more limited capacity for self-renewal. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Malignant transformation of germ cells is the result of a multistep process of genetic changes. (medscape.com)
  • There is a high risk of malignant transformation of genital HPV infection that requires careful monitoring. (lu.se)
  • To discover novel therapeutic strategies that improve prognosis of these patients, it is essential to understand the fundamental genetic networks and interactions that drive these tumors in a tissue-specific fashion. (tum.de)
  • Unlike cancer arising in the human population, tumors in genetically engineered mouse models arise in mice with well defined genetic backgrounds where genetic variability can be minimized. (molvis.org)
  • Internal tumors are also common and are most frequently associated with the bladder. (cdc.gov)
  • Chronic inflammation is connected to neoplastic transformation, and it is known that patients with autoimmune diseases have increased risks for some types of tumors [ 3 , 4 ], with neoplastic transformation often occurring [ 5 - 8 ]. (medsci.org)
  • During the last 20 years the genetic landscape of these tumors has been detailed. (lu.se)
  • The classic theory suggests that germ cell tumors (GCTs) in these areas are derived from local transformation of primordial germ cells misplaced during embryogenesis. (medscape.com)
  • Genetic testing of the progressed pulmonary lesion revealed the BRAF V600E mutation, and acquired new mutations and AR amplification. (karger.com)
  • As he was working on his doctorate, he isolated a new mutation in Drosophila causing the transformation of the antennae into legs, a mutation which is called Antennapedia. (balzan.org)
  • Other genes whose mutation produces homeotic transformations were discovered and analysed by Edward Lewis in the United States using classical genetic techniques. (balzan.org)
  • This type of genetic change, called a somatic mutation, is not inherited. (medlineplus.gov)
  • To understand the mechanisms that mediate germline genetic leukemia predisposition, we studied the inherited ribosomopathy Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS), a bone marrow failure disorder with high risk of myeloid malignancies at an early age. (nature.com)
  • These results mechanistically link leukemia predisposition to germline genetic constraints on cellular fitness, and provide a rational framework for clinical surveillance strategies. (nature.com)
  • Genetic predisposition to myeloid malignancy comprises a separate disease entity in the WHO classification 1 . (nature.com)
  • Reports of familial cases suggest a genetic predisposition. (medscape.com)
  • Genetic heterogeneity and locus heterogeneity are used interchangeably in practice but this requires attention. (tripod.com)
  • ecDNAs lack centromeres, and are consequently subject to random inheritance during cell division, driving intratumoral genetic heterogeneity 6 . (nature.com)
  • The genes encoding CYP enzymes are polymorphic, with common alleles conferring reduced function. (nih.gov)
  • We tested the association between functional genetic variants in CYP genes, plasma concentrations of active drug metabolite, and platelet inhibition in response to clopidogrel in 162 healthy subjects. (nih.gov)
  • Our results show that there is a genetic contribution to musical aptitude that is likely to be regulated by several predisposing genes or variants. (bmj.com)
  • We also identified an epigenetic signature common to all cases, with correlation to gene expression in 65% of these genes, suggesting that a core set of epigenetically deregulated genes is central to the initiation or maintenance of lymphoid transformation. (lu.se)
  • The ingenious scientist Walter Gehring then discovered (independently from Matthew Scott's group in the USA) that all homeotic genes have a 180 base pair sequence in common that he called the Homeobox. (balzan.org)
  • Moreover, the conservation of this genetic control of eye development throughout evolution was demonstrated by the fact that insect and mammalian genes are interchangeable. (balzan.org)
  • Additionally, HT patients have a high risk of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), which is probably related to the chronic inflammation and autoimmune pathologic process occurring in HT, as it is thought to be associated with neoplastic transformation. (medsci.org)
  • All known oncogenic pathogens can promote cell survival and transformation because of their common abilities to cause chronic insults, genetic and epigenetic alterations, deregulated metabolic pathways, and immune escape. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Previous studies of DNA methylation suggest epigenetic alterations may also be important, but an integrated genome-wide analysis of genetic and epigenetic alterations in ALL has not been performed. (lu.se)
  • It has been hypothesized that inactivation of the RASSF1A tumor suppressor facilitates K-RAS-mediated transformation by uncoupling it from apoptotic pathways such as the Hippo pathway. (cancerindex.org)
  • NADH) via common pathways. (fao.org)
  • Nearly 60% of genetic alterations have been found in AML patients involve in signaling pathways including signaling of tyrosine kinase receptor FLT3. (lu.se)
  • We found that the different genetic subtypes of ALL are characterized by distinct DNA methylation signatures that exhibit significant. (lu.se)
  • Acute myeloid leukemia has a number of subtypes and precursor neoplasms that are distinguished from each other by morphology, immunophenotype, cytochemistry, and genetic abnormalities (see also The 2016 World Health Organization [WHO] Classification of myeloid neoplasms ) all of which have important implications for prognosis and treatment. (msdmanuals.com)
  • With all six genotypes of citrus tested including Eureka lemon, a cultivar difficult to be transformed, our results demonstrate that the kn1 gene may provide an effective molecular tool to enhance genetic transformation efficiencies of various citrus varieties. (springer.com)
  • We have studied the transgenic mouse strain, Tyrp-1-TAg, to try to gain insight into possible molecular mechanisms common to pigmented ocular neoplasms occurring spontaneously in the eyes of these mice and human choroidal melanoma. (molvis.org)
  • The coumermycin A1-resistant gyrB marker and genetic transformation can now be applied toward dissecting the physiology and pathogenesis of the Lyme disease agent on a molecular genetic level. (umt.edu)
  • To unravel the biological background of music perception, using molecular and statistical genetic approaches. (bmj.com)
  • For example, there is evidence that HT patients have a high risk of thyroid cancer, the most common endocrine malignancy, than the general population [ 9 - 15 ]. (medsci.org)
  • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the commonest childhood malignancy and is characterized by recurring structural genetic alterations. (lu.se)
  • The most common renal malignancy, ccRCC, is characterized by a functional inactivation of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor-suppressor. (lu.se)
  • In addition to a common structure, members of the group share a number of biological properties such as a similar replicative cycle, the ability to cause latent and chronic infections, and the ability to induce antigenic modifications of infected cell membranes. (powells.com)
  • Epidemiology has contributed to major scientific discoveries such as the relationship between cigarette smoking and common diseases including cancer and heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . (cdc.gov)
  • 1976. Combination of genetic factors and chronic exposure to benzene in the aetiology of leukaemia. (cdc.gov)
  • Researchers believe that additional genetic changes play a role in the progression of the chronic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia to the accelerated phase and blast crisis. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The early symptoms of ovarian cancer are insidious, and the most common clinical symptoms are abdominal pain, abdominal distension, and urgency of urination. (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, a central goal in clinical care of SDS patients is to identify incipient leukemic transformation and initiate pre-emptive treatment with allogeneic stem cell transplantation. (nature.com)
  • Two experts in the use of genetic testing call for primary-care physicians and oncologists to work with medical geneticists and genetic counsellors, to identify the best clinical course of action. (hum-molgen.org)
  • INTRODUCTION: Pancreatic cancer (PC) surveillance of high-risk individuals (HRI) is becoming more common worldwide, aiming at anticipating PC diagnosis at a pre-clinical stage. (bvsalud.org)
  • The clinical presentation is similar to that of multiple myeloma except that (1) organomegaly is common in Waldenström macroglobulinemia and is uncommon in multiple myeloma and (2) lytic bony disease and renal disease are uncommon in Waldenström macroglobulinemia but are common in multiple myeloma. (medscape.com)
  • the precise biological context at which cellular transformation is initiated, remains elusive. (lu.se)
  • Furthermore, Y842 is found to be critical for FLT3-mediated RAS/ERK signaling and cellular transformation. (lu.se)
  • Germline genetic testing often has implications not only for the individual patient but also for their genetic relatives. (cdc.gov)
  • Of the range of issues that merit prompt attention, promoting effective genetic and genomic data sharing within the NHS, supported by proportionate security measures and appropriate consent would help deliver the greatest health benefit for patients. (phgfoundation.org)
  • These were attributed to a genetic disorder, an enlargement of the liver and spleen. (cdc.gov)
  • The effects of a maize knotted1 ( kn1) gene under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter on genetic transformation efficiencies of six citrus genotypes were tested. (springer.com)
  • Our results demonstrate that expression of the kn1 gene enhances transformation efficiencies from 3 to 15 fold compared to a control vector, 3-11 fold relative to the highest transformation efficiencies reported for these citrus genotypes. (springer.com)
  • High transformation efficiency of citrus is of great importance for large scale characterization of gene functions and also cultivar development via transgenic and genome editing technologies. (springer.com)
  • The risk of cancer is highlighted by the recent report that gene therapy - genetic modification of human cells - claimed its first cancer victim [4]. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Introduction of site-directed mutations into the gyrB gene demonstrated that transformation was successful, provided evidence that homologous recombination occurs on the chromosome, and established that mutations at Arg-133 of DNA gyrase B confer coumermycin A1 resistance in B. burgdorferi. (umt.edu)
  • Genetic structure, transforming sequence, and gene product of avian sarcoma virus UR1. (wikidata.org)
  • Oral rehydration solution and antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines are the common treatment methods. (wikipedia.org)
  • Choroidal melanoma is the most common primary malignant ocular tumor in human adults. (molvis.org)
  • SNPs may be the most common type of variation, but there are many other kinds: most importantly structural variation (see Feuk, 2006 ) and copy number variations (see Redon, 2006 ). (tripod.com)
  • Even with the emphasis that country governments in the region have placed on structural transformation and economic diversification, land remains of central importance because of its significance for the agricultural sector, employment, and economic growth (Tomšík et al. (ecologyandsociety.org)
  • It is designed to cross species barriers and to jump into genomes, and it has homologies to the DNA of many species and their genetic parasites (plasmids, transposons and viruses), thereby enhancing recombination with all of them [2]. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • With the development and progression of MM, several distinct patterns of genetic aberration are recognized, including cytogenetic abnormalities, chromosomal aberration and signaling pathway disorders ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The book, Our Common Future , was published in 1987 and became the blueprint for the Rio conference just 5 years later. (sott.net)
  • acute myeloid leukemia is caused by a series of acquired genetic aberrations. (msdmanuals.com)
  • B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) is the most common pediatric neoplasm ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • An efficient genetic transformation protocol is a key step for using transgenic technologies to improve citrus quality, productivity, and resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses such as HLB. (springer.com)
  • On the other hand, transgenic plants produced from mature tissue via genetic transformation can drastically shorten flowering and fruiting time and thus speed up field evaluation studies. (springer.com)
  • The transgenic constructs used in genetic modification are basically the same whether it is of human cells or of other animals and plants. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • In cancer, genetic tests will identify those at highest risk for lung cancer from smoking. (blogspot.com)
  • These tests are insensitive and detect abnormalities that are late signs of impending transformation. (nature.com)
  • If John falsely implies that a common creator can explain the pattern of organism similarities, see here . (ubc.ca)
  • Genetic analyses and transformation identified potential donors of 6 penA alleles. (cdc.gov)
  • The group is thus defined on the basis of a common virion morphology. (powells.com)
  • The main theme I pursued was that there are multiple lines of utterly conclusive evidence for common descent, all based on the same common sense reasoning. (ubc.ca)
  • For example, he's happy to accept the conclusive evidence for common descent in some cases (e.g. kangaroos and bacteria), but arbitrarily rejects that very same evidence in others (e.g. primates and mammals). (ubc.ca)
  • He argues that species-level gaps in the fossil record show common descent to be impossible in those cases, while blithely admitting that exactly similar or bigger gaps exist among current organisms that are related. (ubc.ca)
  • Arsenic-induced hyperpigmentation occurs almost exclusively in individuals of Oriental descent, although the genetic basis for this is not understood (16). (cdc.gov)
  • the most recent development, as of this writing, is the transformation of human skin cells into iPS cells using proteins rather than the currently most common approach of genetic engineering. (technologyreview.com)
  • Expression of these oncogenes in the common precursor cells of the extrahepatic bile duct and the pancreas led to very different outcomes. (tum.de)
  • Although there is no definite genetic involvement, Hessinger et al 5 described 7 cases in 12 generations of one family. (ispub.com)
  • In coming years, doctors increasingly will be able to cure diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, diabetes and cancer by attacking their genetic roots. (blogspot.com)
  • At a news conference, Francis Collins, then the director of the genome agency at the National Institutes of Health, said that genetic diagnosis of diseases would be accomplished in 10 years and that treatments would start to roll out perhaps five years after that. (blogspot.com)
  • Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), for example, is the most common childhood cancer, but these diseases can occur in individuals of all ages. (cshlpress.com)
  • FLT3 mutations emerged as one of the most common mutations in AML which represent around 35% of all AML cases, making it an attractive therapeutic target in AML. (lu.se)
  • The genetic variation in Eumeces latiscutatus from the main islands of Japan and the northern Ryukyus was investigated and compared with that of its close relatives ( E. okadae and E. marginatus ) using allozyme data. (bioone.org)
  • Given long-range effects of genetic variation, this assumption may not be right unless documented experimentally. (tripod.com)
  • Genetic Transformation of the Lyme Disease Agent Borrelia Burgdorferi " by D. Scott Samuels, Kathleen E. Mach et al. (umt.edu)
  • Genetic Transformation of the Lyme Disease Agent Borrelia Burgdorferi with Coumarin-Resistant gyrB. (umt.edu)
  • We have used resistance to the coumarin antibiotic coumermycin A1, an inhibitor of DNA gyrase, as a genetic marker to monitor the transformation of B. burgdorferi by electroporation. (umt.edu)
  • We then examined the association between these genetic variants and cardiovascular outcomes in a separate cohort of 1477 subjects with acute coronary syndromes who were treated with clopidogrel in the Trial to Assess Improvement in Therapeutic Outcomes by Optimizing Platelet Inhibition with Prasugrel-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TRITON-TIMI) 38. (nih.gov)
  • However, genetic transformation of sugarcane is a very laborious process, which relies heavily on intensive and sophisticated tissue culture and plant generation procedures that must be optimized for each new genotype to be transformed. (frontiersin.org)
  • This is caused by tissue-specific genetic interactions. (tum.de)
  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers all over the world, and dysbiosis in the gut microbiota may play a role in colorectal carcinogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Multiple myeloma (MM) is one of the most common types of haematological cancer, which is becoming more common in the ageing population. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Dr. Collins predicts that within 10 years everyone will have the opportunity to find out his or her own genetic risks, to know if cancer or heart attacks or diabetes or Alzheimer's disease, for example, lies in the future. (blogspot.com)
  • Genetic tests for colon cancer will narrow colonoscopy screening to people who need it most. (blogspot.com)
  • A genetic test for prostate cancer could lead to more precise use of the prostate specific antigen, or P.S.A., test by identifying those men in whom the cancer is most likely to progress fastest. (blogspot.com)
  • How And When Should Genetic Tests For Cancer Be Used? (hum-molgen.org)
  • EAC is a highly lethal cancer that can arise from Barrett's oesophagus, a relatively common, pre-cancerous metaplastic condition that affects around 1.6% of the US population 7 . (nature.com)
  • However, the relative paucity of pre-cancer-to-cancer longitudinal studies, together with the challenges of interpreting clonality in the face of non-Mendelian genetics, have made it difficult to determine whether ecDNAs arise early in tumorigenesis and contribute to the transformation of dysplasia into cancer. (nature.com)
  • Common among these 10 interactions of organic compounds, their power to detect excess cancer agents is the electrophilic nature of or their metabolites, with DNA and R 1 risk at particular sites. (who.int)
  • it is the most common acute leukemia in adults, with a median age of onset of 68 years. (msdmanuals.com)
  • of genetic material between chromosome 9 and chromosome 22 . (medlineplus.gov)
  • The genetic complexity and low fertility of sugarcane under natural growing conditions make traditional breeding improvement extremely laborious, costly and time-consuming. (frontiersin.org)
  • Although the etiology of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), a common autoimmune endocrine disease, is unknown, studies suggest a potential association with genetic factors and environmental conditions inducing excessive iodine intake. (medsci.org)
  • As the NHS moves to facilitate this transformation through modernising existing services and embedding the 100,000 Genomes Project into practice, the PHG Foundation welcomes this detailed scrutiny from the House of Commons Science and Technology Committee. (phgfoundation.org)
  • Respiratory infections (sinusitis, otitis and pneumonia) and cellulitis are common infections complications. (lu.se)