Colon pelvic radiation disease and radiation proctitis. Medical search. Frequent questions

Radiation proctitis or radiation proctopathy is a condition characterized by damage to the rectum after exposure to x-rays or other ionizing radiation as a part of radiation therapy. (wikipedia.org)
RAVE and chronic radiation proctopathy involves the lower intestine, primarily the sigmoid colon and the rectum, and was previously called chronic radiation proctitis, pelvic radiation disease and radiation enteropathy. (wikipedia.org)
Chronic radiation damage to the rectum (>3 months) may cause rectal bleeding, incontinence, or a change in bowel habits secondary. (wikipedia.org)
Endoscopy is the mainstay of diagnosis for radiation damage to the rectum, with either colonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to radiation cystitis, radiation to the colon and rectum can also cause radiation proctitis. (radiationcystitis.org)
Some of the common symptoms of radiation proctitis include a continuous or frequent feeling that you need to have a bowel movement, mucus discharge from the rectum, rectal bleeding, rectal pain and/or pain with bowel movements. (radiationcystitis.org)
This article focuses specifically on the effects of radiation on the small intestine, the large intestine, and the rectum. (medscape.com)
This translates to 45-65 Gy for the small intestine, 45-60 Gy for the colon, and 55-80 Gy for the rectum. (medscape.com)
In this study, the authors took advantage of a mouse model of radiation that allowed localised injury to the rectum which mimics human radiation proctitis. (bmj.com)
By creating this space, we can further reduce the dose of radiation that the rectum is exposed to. (healthyprostateclub.com)
8. Which of the following statements about surgical anatomy of the colon and rectum is/are correct? (latestinterviewquestions.com)
C. Despite complete removal of the colon and rectum, transanal fecal flow can be preserved by means of an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. (latestinterviewquestions.com)
This would, thus, allow the radiation oncologists to increase the doses to thetarget (the prostate, in this case), while minimizing dose to the normal tissues in proximity (bladder, intestine and rectum). (oncolink.org)
Did you mean topic:"rectum diseases - surgery" ? (nshealth.ca)
Concise yet comprehensive, The ASCRS Manual of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Second Edition is very useful for physicians and researchers dealing with diseases of the colon and rectum. (nshealth.ca)

Radiation proctopathy may occur as acute inflammation called "acute radiation proctitis" (and the related radiation colitis) or with chronic changes characterized by radiation associated vascular ectasiae (RAVE) and chronic radiation proctopathy. (wikipedia.org)
In this issue, Gerassy-Vainberg et al 10 demonstrated that radiation-induced dysbiosis promoted susceptibility to radiation-induced injury and intestinal inflammation. (bmj.com)
Anakinra, an IL-1 receptor antagonist in clinical use, ameliorated radiation-induced injury and inflammation. (bmj.com)
For example, massive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a shared feature of intestinal inflammation in IBD and radiation-induced injury. (bmj.com)
common theories include spasm of the pelvic floor, inflammation of the levator, or tendinitis of the arcus tendon. (abdominalkey.com)

Lecturer and demonstrator: Anorectal & Colon Surgery Workshop and Hands on Experiences: RS Umum Daerah Dr Soetomo Surabaya Indonesia 3-4 Dec 2010. (colorectalcentre.com)
Patients with anorectal and pelvic pain often present to the colorectal surgeon with debilitating symptoms. (abdominalkey.com)
Most patients with anorectal pain have organic disease such as hemorrhoids, a fissure, a fistula, or an abscess, or they have postoperative anorectal pain. (abdominalkey.com)
This chapter specifically addresses the less common and less treatable causes of anorectal and pelvic pain, such as chronic proctalgia, proctalgia fugax, and coccygodynia. (abdominalkey.com)
A majority of cases of levator syndrome are idiopathic, but in a subset of patients, levator spasms are triggered by local trauma such as pelvic surgery, anorectal surgery, and rigid proctoscopy. (abdominalkey.com)
6. Which statements about anorectal Crohn's disease are true? (latestinterviewquestions.com)

In today's world of advancing technology, three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT)planning systems are able to generate treatment schemes that are supposedly conformal to the tumor/target volume thereby limitingthe dose that reaches the surrounding normal tissues. (oncolink.org)

Radiation proctitis most commonly occurs after pelvic radiation treatment for cancers such as cervical cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and rectal cancer. (wikipedia.org)
This is mostly true after surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy but after pelvic radiation for prostate, cervical, uterine and colon cancers, radiation cystitis can begin and even worsen several years after treatment. (radiationcystitis.org)
Their initial trial was for pelvic cancers comparing 3D-CRT versus conventional RT. (oncolink.org)

Several methods have been studied in attempts to lessen the effects of radiation proctitis. (wikipedia.org)
The direct effects of radiation on the bowel mucosa lead to acute radiation enteritis. (medscape.com)
The development of improved dosimetry techniques, as well as patient selection and positioning during delivery of RT, were crucial to decrease the harmful effects of radiation on the intestines. (medscape.com)
Warren and Friedman described both the early and late effects of radiation therapy on the intestine. (medscape.com)
The bowel is sensitive to the effects of radiation. (healthyprostateclub.com)

Friability and oozing of blood from atrophic-appearing mucosa due to radiation can be seen. (medscape.com)

The control of metastatic disease depends more on systemic chemotherapy than on external RT. (kjco.org)
Chemotherapy and radiation therapy can both cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. (healthyprostateclub.com)
Radiation therapy alone is not usually recommended for primary treatment of gastric cancer because radiation administered in combination with chemotherapy appears superior when compared to treatment with radiation alone. (thegiconnection.com)
Radiation therapy, however, is utilized as palliative therapy for patients who have inoperable gastric cancer or for patients who cannot undergo surgery or chemotherapy. (thegiconnection.com)
However, in this situation patients typically also receive simultaneous chemotherapy and radiation therapy. (thegiconnection.com)
Adjuvant therapy for gastric cancer may involve chemotherapy alone or in combination with radiation therapy. (thegiconnection.com)
Some patients may receive treatment with chemotherapy or chemotherapy plus radiation therapy prior to surgery. (thegiconnection.com)
Radiation therapy alone, however, can be used to decrease the symptoms from gastric cancer in patients with more advanced disease who are medically unable to receive surgery or chemotherapy or for patients who have a recurrence after surgery. (thegiconnection.com)

1 Metabolic, autoimmune, liver and intestinal disorders have been linked to microbial dysbiosis which promotes susceptibility to inflammatory disease in some cases as largely assessed in animal models. (bmj.com)
His interests currently include nutrition and dietary therapy, herbal treatments, bio-identical HRT and intravenous nutritional therapy for chronic diseases such as CFS, adrenal fatigue, thyroid disorders, male and female menopause and cancer. (thecancerrevolution.co.uk)

No matter what you call it, patients with radiation cystitis can often experience variations or flares of symptoms over time, potentially years after receiving radiation therapy. (radiationcystitis.org)
Minimal tolerance (TD 5/5) is the dose that causes 5% of patients to have radiation injury within 5 years. (medscape.com)
In 1930, researchers reported the development of factitial proctitis in a group of patients who received pelvic radiation to treat malignant disease. (medscape.com)
Current American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) and American Cancer Society (ACS) guidelines call for screening of all patients for colorectal cancer beginning at 50 years of age in the general population and 40 years of age in those with risk factors or a family history of the disease. (aafp.org)
Patients with end-stage renal disease may excrete metronidazole and metabolites slowly in the urine, resulting in significant accumulation of metronidazole metabolites. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
The symptoms of most patients resolve within weeks of radiation therapy cessation. (medscape.com)
Patients may present with symptoms within months or even decades after the injuring radiation therapy. (medscape.com)
The relationship between tumor response of chemoradiation and sensory threshold for desire to defecate may suggest that neoadjuvant chemoradiation may be helpful for defecatory function as well as local disease control, at least in the short-term period after the radiation in locally advanced rectal cancer patients. (biomedcentral.com)
All patients received pelvic ± para-aortic EBRT. (bvsalud.org)
As a continuation of this effort to improve overall quality of care for cervical cancer patients across all aspects, ESGO and the European SocieTy for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) initiated the development of quality indicators for radiation therapy of cervical cancer. (bvsalud.org)
When it comes to early stages of disease, patients very frequently do well with either brachytherapy or external beam radiation. (healthyprostateclub.com)
Some evidence, including a large trial, suggests that for patients with intermediate- or high-risk prostate cancer, a combined approach using brachytherapy along with external beam radiation may be best compared to standard dose external beam radiation therapy alone. (healthyprostateclub.com)
There is a slightly higher chance that patients who receive the combined therapy will have rectal irritation or urinary side effects, both of which are common with any radiation treatment given to the prostate. (healthyprostateclub.com)
18F-FDG PET/CT scan is a well-known modality to assess distant metastases and treatment response in the patients with primary colon cancer. (qxmd.com)
Irritable bowel syndrome and pelvic floor dysfunction are present in a majority of the patients. (abdominalkey.com)
Grade 2 proctitis (rectal pain and/or bleeding that is responsive tooutpatient medical treatment and does not affect lifestyle) was more often seen in conventional RT patients. (oncolink.org)
However, since gastric cancer is not exclusively treated with radiation therapy, it is important for patients to be treated at a medical center that can offer multi-modality treatment involving medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, surgeons, medical gastroenterologists, and nutritionists. (thegiconnection.com)
Radiation therapy can also be utilized to treat patients who have a recurrence after surgery. (thegiconnection.com)
The role of radiation therapy is limited in patients with unresectable or stage IV metastatic cancer. (thegiconnection.com)
The ASCRS Manual of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Second Edition is designed to provide a rapid access pocket reference for residents, fellows, private clinicians, and allied health professionals caring for patients with colorectal surgical diseases. (nshealth.ca)
This book provides a valuable resource for surgeons and health care providers who care for patients with colorectal disease at all stages of their careers. (nshealth.ca)

It has been known that radiation could eradicate tumors -- the radiation treatments just needed to utilize a "high enough" dose. (oncolink.org)

Radiation proctitis can occur a few weeks after treatment, or after several months or years: Acute radiation proctitis - symptoms occur in the first 3 months after therapy. (wikipedia.org)
Radiation associated vascular ectasias (RAVE) and chronic radiation proctopathy - previously known as "chronic radiation proctitis" occur 3-6 months after the initial exposure. (wikipedia.org)
Although radiation injury can occur at doses of less than 40 Gy, serious injury usually occurs at doses greater than 50 Gy. (medscape.com)
It may occur as a result of damage to nerves or muscles and other structures associated with normal elimination or as a result of diseases that change the normal function of defecation. (nurseslabs.com)
C -Regarding radiation burns, when did these occur? (cancer.org)
B. "Antiperistaltic" contractions occur in the descending colon. (latestinterviewquestions.com)
For example, with modern radiation therapy, skin burns almost never occur, unless the skin is being deliberately targeted or because of unusual patient anatomy. (thegiconnection.com)

In 1917, the first case was reported of the development of radiation enteritis following the use of radiotherapy to treat malignancy. (medscape.com)

Where chronic radiation proctopathy or RAVE is suspected, a thorough evaluation of symptoms is essential. (wikipedia.org)
When treatment is necessary, symptoms often improve with hydration, anti-diarrheal agents, and discontinuation of radiation. (wikipedia.org)
Hemorrhagic cystitis refers to similar urinary symptoms as radiation cystitis but also includes significant blood in the urine, and blood clots that can block the ability to urinate. (radiationcystitis.org)
Ischemic bowel disease can affect any part of the small and large intestine, leading to severe abdominal symptoms. (belmarrahealth.com)
It claims that symptoms of disease behave reciprocally towards those symptoms which the healthy test person develops after the intake of a mother tincture or a diluted substance (potency. (urenus.com)

The condition is called hemorrhagic cystitis and it can affect men after prostate cancer, women after cervical and uterine cancer and both men and women after colon cancer who received radiation as part of their treatment. (radiationcystitis.org)
We are presenting an interesting case of 68Ga-PSMA-avid liver metastases in a 74-year-old man with colon cancer and recently diagnosed prostate cancer. (qxmd.com)
Good nutrition can help reduce the risk of prostate cancer, slow disease progression, and prevent aggressive disease. (dawasante.net)

OBJECTIVE: To develop a list of quality indicators for radiation therapy of cervical cancer that can be used to audit and improve clinical practice by giving to practitioners and administrators a quantitative basis to improve care and organizational processes, notably for recognition of the increased complexity of modern external radiotherapy and brachytherapy techniques. (bvsalud.org)

Up to 30 percent of individuals who receive pelvic radiation therapy for cancer may develop radiation proctopathy. (wikipedia.org)
In light of this, I would like to discuss an uncommon, under-recognized but highly debilitating disease that can affect cancer survivors who have received radiation to their abdomen and pelvis. (radiationcystitis.org)
The cancer survivorship community of men and women who have been diagnosed and treated for pelvic cancer can be a great support. (radiationcystitis.org)
My hope is that with advances in radiation therapy, radiation cystitis and radiation proctitis will become less of a burden for cancer survivors in the future. (radiationcystitis.org)
Although toxicity was the limiting factor in the early years, advancements in technology made in delivering high doses of radiation possible to selected localized tissue targets, resulted in increased efficacy and increased utilization of radiation in the armamentarium of cancer therapy. (medscape.com)
Dr. Khanijow has interests in colorectal cancer screening, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and liver disease, but treats all gastrointestinal illnesses. (gastrofl.com)
DISCUSSION: This set of quality indicators is a major instrument to standardize the quality of radiation therapy in cervical cancer. (bvsalud.org)
uterus, kidney cancer) and cardiovascular disease. (dawasante.net)
We know that improved nutrition reduces the risk of heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and obesity and generally improves the overall quality of life. (dawasante.net)
A. Is not associated with increased risk of colon cancer. (latestinterviewquestions.com)
B. In excising part of the colon containing cancer, the lymphatics should be avoided by dividing the mesentery close to the wall of the colon. (latestinterviewquestions.com)
Radiation therapy may be an integral part of the treatment of gastric cancer. (thegiconnection.com)
The objective of radiation therapy to the stomach is to kill cancer cells that could otherwise persist and cause the cancer to relapse. (thegiconnection.com)
Radiation therapy uses high energy x-rays to kill cancer cells that remain in or near the stomach and surrounding lymph nodes. (thegiconnection.com)
Modern radiation therapy for gastric cancer is delivered via machines called linear accelerators that produce high energy external radiation beams that penetrate the tissues and deliver the radiation dose deep into the areas where the cancer resides. (thegiconnection.com)
These modern machines and other state-of-the-art techniques have enabled radiation oncologists to significantly reduce side effects, while improving the ability to deliver a curative radiation dose to cancer-containing areas and minimizing the radiation dose to normal tissue. (thegiconnection.com)
Cervical vertebrae 1,2, …?Ca: Calcium?Ca: Cancer?Ca: Carcinoma?Ca: Cardiac arrest?Ca: Coronary artery?CA-125: A tumor marker for ovarian cancer?CAB: Cellulose acetate butyrate?CABG: Coronary artery bypass graft?CACI: Computer-Assisted Continuous Infusion?CAD: Coronary artery disease?CAG: ?CAH: Chronic active hepatitis?CAH: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia?calid. (kuwaitpharmacy.com)

Surgery to remove lymph nodes or radiation to lymph nodes can cause damage to lymph nodes and lead to lymphedema. (healthyprostateclub.com)
Radiation therapy is usually delivered to the stomach and surrounding lymph nodes from a machine outside the body, called a linear accelerator. (thegiconnection.com)

If it occurs in the lower part of the gut and pelvic organs, it can contribute to pain during the defecation process. (belmarrahealth.com)

Of all the visits to the radiation oncology facility, the simulation session may actually take the most time. (thegiconnection.com)

Chronic radiation proctopathy can present at a median time of 8-12 months following radiation therapy. (wikipedia.org)
Radiation therapy (RT) is a mainstay in the treatment of both primary and recurrent gastrointestinal (GI) and pelvic malignancies. (medscape.com)
As the use of radiation therapy and x-rays in medicine increased, the harmful adverse effects were better recognized. (medscape.com)
[ 5 ] Once the risks associated with radiation therapy were recognized, attempts followed to prevent these complications. (medscape.com)
Quality indicators 1-6 are general requirements related to pretreatment workup, time to treatment, upfront radiation therapy, and overall management, including active participation in clinical research and the decision making process within a structured multidisciplinary team. (bvsalud.org)

In 1897, 2 years after the discovery of x-rays by Roentgen, radiation-induced intestinal injury was first reported. (medscape.com)
Images of radiation-induced intestinal injuries are shown below. (medscape.com)
Understanding the basic principles of how radiation affects the intestinal tract at the cellular level is important. (medscape.com)
Chronic intestinal radiation injury is a result of transmural bowel damage with associated obliterative endarteritis. (medscape.com)
1 Microbial derangements (termed dysbiosis) have been observed for a variety of intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. (bmj.com)
For more than 10 years, intestinal microbial alterations have been associated with localised radiation in humans and mouse models. (bmj.com)
5-8 Importantly, mice that lack colonisation of microbes (ie, raised germ free) were resistant to lethal radiation enteritis, indicating that the microbiota controls intestinal disease processes consequent to radiation-induced damage. (bmj.com)
ROS are mainly produced by neutrophils and intestinal epithelial cells in IBD, whereas they are the direct product of water radiolysis following ionising radiation. (bmj.com)

C. Excision cures the patient of Crohn's disease but bypass does not. (latestinterviewquestions.com)
A. It may be the only overt manifestation of Crohn's disease. (latestinterviewquestions.com)

Because RT is increasingly used to treat pelvic malignancies, the surgical prevention and treatment of the complications of radiation enteritis and proctitis continue to evolve. (medscape.com)

Overall, less than 10 percent of individuals with radiation proctopathy require surgery. (wikipedia.org)
Recently, minimally invasive surgery for rectal prolapse (RP) repairs has gained wide acceptance because of advantages like relatively easier and magnified access to the pelvic recess and floor, decreased operative pain, faster recovery, and early discharge. (thieme-connect.de)
Common factors that lead to bowel incontinence are an injury to rectal, anal, or nerve tissue from trauma, childbirth, radiation , or surgery . (nurseslabs.com)
Anesthesia Surgery is the term traditionally used to describe procedures (called surgical procedures) that involve manually cutting or stitching tissue to treat diseases, injuries, or deformities. (msdmanuals.com)
The Manual, abstracted from the ASCRS Textbook of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Second Edition, is intended to impart succinct, clinically relevant information for daily patient care. (nshealth.ca)

Rectal biopsies of acute radiation proctopathy show superficial depletion of epithelial cells and acute inflammatory cells located in the lamina propria. (wikipedia.org)
The disease originates in the epithelial cells lining the rectal wall and through several molecular pathways evolves into a malignant tumor. (ohdsi.org)

Acute radiation proctopathy often causes pelvic pain, diarrhea, urgency, and the urge to defecate despite having an empty colon (tenesmus). (wikipedia.org)
virtually every patient has some manifestation of acute radiation-induced injury of the GI tract in the form of abdominal cramping, tenesmus, urgency, bleeding, diarrhea, and incontinence. (medscape.com)
https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/diarrhea. (mayoclinic.org)
Infection with resultant diarrhea or neurological diseases such as stroke , multiple sclerosis , and diabetes mellitus can also result in bowel incontinence. (nurseslabs.com)

Given the close proximity of the bladder and colon, one can understand why a percentage of men and women who have radiation cystitis will also have radiation proctitis and vice versa. (radiationcystitis.org)
Urologists are the main doctors treating radiation cystitis and some of the treatments include irrigation of the bladder to remove blood clots, endoscopic examination of the bladder (cystoscopy) and the use of laser or drugs to try and stop the bleeding. (radiationcystitis.org)
An important reminder is that of drinking a lot of water 45 minutes before each section to avoid higher radiation of bladder. (cancer.org)

Thus, both malignant and nonmalignant conditions often present as advanced disease, requiring more extensive treatment and causing greater patient distress than if conditions had been adequately diagnosed and managed at an earlier stage. (aafp.org)

Acute radiation proctopathy occurs due to direct damage of the lining (epithelium) of the colon. (wikipedia.org)
Acute radiation proctitis usually resolves without treatment after several months. (wikipedia.org)

On the other hand, chronic radiation injury is caused by injury to the less mitotically active vascular endothelial and connective tissue cells. (medscape.com)
Although the benefits of treatment with radiation are well established, damage to the healthy, nonneoplastic tissue may be severe. (medscape.com)
Since several tissue-incompatible substances are usually involved during the development of a disease, the simultaneous use of several potentised "antitoxins", as present in the anti- homotoxic preparations, is justified. (urenus.com)

Infection of an abnormal outpouching in the colon known as a diverticulum, commonly found in the elderly population. (belmarrahealth.com)

The most common immune-related bowel conditions are Chron's disease, ulcerative colitis, and celiac disease. (belmarrahealth.com)

One of the major and debilitating adverse effects of RT is the development of radiation enteritis and proctitis. (medscape.com)
Chronic radiation enteritis is an indolent but relentlessly progressive disease. (medscape.com)
Just 2 years after the discovery of x-rays in 1895, Walsh reported the first case of radiation-induced enteritis. (medscape.com)

Pathology is the study and diagnosis of disease through examination of organs , tissues , cells and bodily fluids . (bionity.com)
The concept of studying disease through the methodical dissection and examination of diseased bodies, organs, and tissues may seem obvious today, but there are few if any recorded examples of true autopsies performed prior to the second millennium. (bionity.com)
In the broadest sense, nearly all research which links manifestations of disease to identifiable processes in cells, tissues, or organs can be considered experimental pathology. (bionity.com)

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (mayoclinic.org)

According to Homotoxicology all of those processes, syndromes, and manifestations, which we designate as diseases, are the expression thereof that the body is combating poisons and that it wants to neutralize and excrete these poisons. (urenus.com)
While the compound microscope had been invented approximately 150 years prior, Virchow was one of the first prominent physicians to emphasize the study of manifestations of disease which were visible only at the cellular level. (bionity.com)

2011 Chengdu International Summit of Colorectal and Anal Diseases-the second international Conference of the China Constipation Federation 28th April 2011. (colorectalcentre.com)

Biopsy from the PSMA-avid liver lesions confirmed metastasis from colon origin. (qxmd.com)

The microbiota: an underestimated actor in radiation-induced lesions? (bmj.com)
Therefore, both local treatment for the primary tumor and systemic treatment for the metastatic lesions are crucial to control the overall disease progression. (kjco.org)

I had a sensation of burning pain on my fifths' week of treatment when urinating and the stool became much liquefied with traces of blood (proctitis), although no skin hardness or burning marks (at the points were radiation enters the body). (cancer.org)

The goal of this procedure is to keep the highly radiation-sensitive small intestine out of the pelvis. (medscape.com)

Conditions that cause the body's own immune system to attack healthy tissues are called autoimmune diseases. (belmarrahealth.com)

In addition, events such as the explosions at Japan's Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in March of 2011 ignite concerns of radiation exposure, which can lead to radiation-induced injury. (medscape.com)
Examples of injury include blunt force trauma, radiation exposure, and poisons. (belmarrahealth.com)

By contrast, rectal biopsies of RAVE and chronic radiation proctopathy demonstrates ischemic endarteritis of the submucosal arterioles, submucosal fibrosis, and neovascularization. (wikipedia.org)

Radiation injury impairs the normal repopulation of surface epithelium with growing new cells from the epithelial crypt cells. (medscape.com)

Chronic injury is a function of the total dose of radiation used. (medscape.com)

Note the characteristic mucosal changes observed in radiation proctitis with multiple telangiectasias. (medscape.com)
[5] [6] By the late 1800s, an exhaustive body of literature had been produced on the gross anatomical findings characteristic of known diseases. (bionity.com)

8 weeks may be for 40 fractions/sections (8x5), which usually is distributed to wider beam radiation plus focal. (cancer.org)
Theproblem with tumoricidal doses of external beam radiation is that normal tissues can also be affected. (oncolink.org)

When the disease is somewhat more advanced based on the PSA level , Gleason score , extent of visible disease on magnetic resonance imaging we have learned over the years that higher doses of radiation are critical to achieving better results. (healthyprostateclub.com)

The history of surgical prevention of small-bowel radiation injury is based on the principle of abdominopelvic partitioning. (medscape.com)

The prognosis depends on several factors such as the stage of the disease at diagnosis and the possibility to offer curative treatment, along with other comorbidities. (ohdsi.org)

Anatomy2

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs5

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment12

Phenomena and Processes5

Health Care8

Rectum15

Inflammation5

Anorectal6

Conformal radiation therapy1

Cancers3

Effects of radiation5

Mucosa1

Chemotherapy8

Disorders2

Patients21

Tumors1

Occur7

Malignancy1

Symptoms5

Prostate cancer3

Radiotherapy1

Cancer17

Lymph2

Defecation1

Oncology1

Therapy5

Intestinal8

Crohn's2

Complications1

Surgery5

Epithelial cells2

Diarrhea4

Bladder3

Malignant1

Acute radiation2

Tissue3

Commonly1

Ulcerative1

Enteritis3

Organs3

Digestive1

Manifestations2

Constipation1

Metastasis1

Lesions2

Pain1

Small intestine1

Autoimmune1

Exposure2

Ischemic1

Epithelium1

Dose of radiation1

Characteristic2

Beam2

Doses1

Surgical1

Curative1