• Retrograde tracing techniques allow for detailed assessment of neuronal connections between a target population of neurons and their inputs throughout the nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
  • These techniques allow the "mapping" of connections between neurons in a particular structure (e.g. the eye) and the target neurons in the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Neurons communicate with one another across gaps known as synapses. (theverge.com)
  • Scientists also have identified proteins responsible for strengthening synapses -- the gap where information is transferred between neurons -- which is critical for learning and memory. (sfn.org)
  • Harvard chemist Charles M. Lieber and colleagues report on this marriage of nanowires and neurons this week in the journal Science. (nanowerk.com)
  • We describe the first artificial synapses between nanoelectronic devices and individual mammalian neurons, and also the first linking of a solid-state device -- a nanowire transistor -- to the neuronal projections that interconnect and carry information in the brain," says Lieber, the Mark Hyman Jr. Professor of Chemistry in Harvard's Faculty of Arts and Sciences and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences. (nanowerk.com)
  • A new technique called array tomography allows researchers to visualize individual synapses , the complex junctions between neurons, in the mouse brain, according to a study published in the 18 November issue of Neuron . (spectrumnews.org)
  • Synapses are complex machines that regulate signaling between neurons and are often classified by their general type, such as whether they activate (glutamatergic) or inhibit (GABAergic) signaling in the brain. (spectrumnews.org)
  • Using mice as a model for human biology, Lee and colleagues showed that each long, thin muscle cell in the developing embryo prepares for the arrival of its motor neurons by creating sites for many potential synapses along its length. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The difference between them, the team learned, was in their release of message-carrying neurotransmitters into the spaces called synapses between neurons. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Li's group found that fear conditioning induced experience-dependent changes in the release of neurotransmitters in excitatory synapses that connect with inhibitory neurons -- neurons that suppress the activity of other neurons -- in the central amygdala. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Li and colleagues found that fear-memory formation was impaired when they prevent the activation of SOM+ neurons. (sciencedaily.com)
  • With this technique, we can manipulate activity in live neurons with molecular specificity and millisecond precision. (plos.org)
  • For instance, synapses at the nano-scale are structures that permit neurons to pass electrical or chemical signals to other neurons. (plos.org)
  • Neurons are typically considered to communicate with each other across the synapses, or junctions, between them, whereas glia don't use this type of signalling. (newscientist.com)
  • This creates vast datasets which machine learning techniques can use to reconstruct the original behavior of the neurons in a wide range of conditions. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Action potentials cause the release of transmitter substances at the synapses of neurons. (researchpod.org)
  • To figure out why these two types of chemicals affect neurons differently, Olson and colleagues randomly assigned 22 individuals to a study published in the study. (the33rd.co.uk)
  • With modulation of thalamic activity, direct changes in cortical neurons occur - a process elucidated recently in rodents using a technique known as "optogenetics. (reliasmedia.com)
  • Ruda's studies showed that dynorphin synapsed directly onto the thalamic projection neurons, and was also active within the complex network of interneurons. (nih.gov)
  • Illustration of a prospective biocompatible interface shows that hydrogels (green tubing), which can be generated by an electron or X-ray beam 3D-printing process, act as artificial synapses or junctions, connecting neurons (brown) to electrodes (yellow). (nanowerk.com)
  • To better understand how our nervous system sustains their activities to meet our physical and mental demands, Watanabe and his colleagues at the University of Utah have been studying how neurons recycle synaptic vesicles, small cellular structures that store neurotransmitters, the primary means of communication between neurons. (eurekalert.org)
  • Watanabe and colleagues engineered mouse hippocampal neurons to express channelrhodopsin, stimulated these neurons, and then froze them at different time points following stimulation. (eurekalert.org)
  • The proteins were components of axon, synapse and neurons - all belonging to gray matter tissue. (livingfithealthyandhappy.com)
  • In order to respond both swiftly and appropriately to impulses, brain cells ("neurons") need to have proteins directly at hand, i.e. not only in the cell body, but also in their processes: the axons, dendrites and synapses, where information transfer occurs between neurons. (cef-mc.de)
  • The University of Szeged researchers found that the rosehip neurons form synapses with another type of neuron in a different part of the human cortex, known as pyramidal neurons. (eurekalert.org)
  • Neuroscientists have long known that the brain encodes memories by altering the strength of synapses, or connections between neurons. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Synapses can dynamically change their strength - altering the communication between neurons. (maxplanckneuroscience.org)
  • We also performed histopathological analysis in brain sections of these mice to study the effects of the BAFF antagonist on leptomeningeal inflammation, and hippocampal and cortical neurons and synapses. (bvsalud.org)
  • When I did the research part of my M.D./Ph.D., I was working on understanding how the protein CaM kinase II potentiates calcium signaling and, through its autophosphorylation, provides cells and especially neuronal synapses with an important "molecular memory. (asbmb.org)
  • The Louis-Jeantet Foundation is recognizing Erin Schuman for her work on local protein synthesis at neuronal synapses. (maxplanckneuroscience.org)
  • Using confocal microscopy, the researchers saw astrocytes engulfing axon terminals and synapses on these retinal cells. (alzforum.org)
  • Researchers have found that long-term potentiation (LTP) -- a phenomenon in which brief, repetitive activity causes a long-lasting strengthening of synaptic transmission -- involves the rapid activity-dependent trafficking of glutamate receptors to the synapse. (sfn.org)
  • Glutamate travels across synapses within nanoscale 'columns' (pale blue and pale orange) and is captured by receptors (pink) studded through the postsynaptic membrane at dedicated postsynaptic domains (PSD). (elifesciences.org)
  • GluSnFR fluorescent reporters introduced at the postsynaptic membrane, which glow when bound to glutamate (green ovals), can be used to understand the architecture of synapses. (elifesciences.org)
  • The researchers then used a type of fluorescent microscopy technique called two-photon imaging to study glutamate release by these cells in the brains of the mice. (newscientist.com)
  • A researcher at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, with colleagues from Japan and Oxford University in England, has solved the molecular structure of a mysterious glutamate receptor. (vumc.org)
  • In addition to glutamate turned these connections from immature into mature synapses. (the33rd.co.uk)
  • Because the nanowires are so slight -- their contact with a neuron is no more than 20 millionths of a meter in length -- Lieber and colleagues were able to measure and manipulate electrical conductance at as many as 50 locations along a single axon. (nanowerk.com)
  • The large green structure (center image) represents a synapse between a CA3 neuron and an incoming axon from the dentate gyrus. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Watanabe is recognized for the development of a new ultrafast technique that will allow neuroscientists to visualize nerve cell activity on a rapid time scale. (eurekalert.org)
  • Shigeki's technique has pushed the boundaries of the time resolution under which these processes can now be studied by neuroscientists. (eurekalert.org)
  • MIT neuroscientists have uncovered a cellular pathway that allows specific synapses to become stronger during memory formation. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Retrograde tracing is a research method used in neuroscience to trace neural connections from their point of termination (the synapse) to their source (the cell body). (wikipedia.org)
  • As a researcher in neuroscience, I have seen how advances in imaging techniques have transformed the field. (plos.org)
  • In a new study published today in the journal Nature Neuroscience , Lein and his colleagues reveal one possible answer to that difficult question. (eurekalert.org)
  • The opposite technique is anterograde tracing, which is used to trace neural connections from their source to their point of termination (i.e. from cell body to synapse). (wikipedia.org)
  • TTS-inducing exposures create irreversible loss of neural synapses and degeneration of the cochlear nerve in experimental animals even after audiometric thresholds have completely recovered (10). (cdc.gov)
  • These extremely local devices can detect, stimulate, and inhibit propagation of neuronal signals with a spatial resolution unmatched by existing techniques. (nanowerk.com)
  • Salk researchers have discovered that the same chemicals (called neurotransmitters) that are responsible for nerve signals are also involved in the wiring of synapses, the network's crucial contact points between nerves, or between nerves and muscle cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • These signals act to preserve synapses that link a motor neuron to its correct muscle cell. (sciencedaily.com)
  • One astrocyte can be in contact with 100,000 synapses in mice, which could mean the signals go further in a more coordinated fashion, he says. (newscientist.com)
  • At BIU, Weiss and his colleagues focus on the development of nanoparticles for measuring electrical signals in brain research. (ucla.edu)
  • These studies could possibly make important contributions as they allow for superresolution recording of electrical signals from individual synapses ("edge" area where information is transmitted between one nerve end and the next). (ucla.edu)
  • In a healthy eye, bipolar cells receive signals from photoreceptor cells across a synapse and then transmit this information either directly or indirectly to retinal ganglion cells. (nih.gov)
  • Microscopic image of a neuron in the brain of a living mouse, showing synapses lit up with fluorescent probes. (theverge.com)
  • To see the synapses, the researchers used antibodies to various synaptic proteins, followed by a fluorescent dye. (spectrumnews.org)
  • A biological synapse transforms a voltage spike (action potential) arriving from a pre-synaptic neuron into a discharge of chemical neurotransmitters that are then detected by a post-synaptic neuron. (technovelgy.com)
  • Lieber says the devices could also eventually be configured to measure or detect neurotransmitters, the chemicals that leap synapses to carry electrical impulses from one neuron to another. (nanowerk.com)
  • With these techniques, she was able to follow the activity of the newly discovered 'chemical messengers' of the nervous system, the neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. (nih.gov)
  • As a postdoc, I wanted to learn more about the nuts and bolts of synapses and moved to study the biochemistry of proteins responsible for synaptic vesicle trafficking. (asbmb.org)
  • Prior to the work by Arnold and his colleagues, scientists weren't exactly sure how memories were encoded in the brain. (theverge.com)
  • The scientists wanted to know: how does the embryo 'weed out' the potential synapse sites that are not needed? (sciencedaily.com)
  • Silencing PKMzeta, the scientists theorized, should reverse the change in the synapse. (jpost.com)
  • But that changed in the early 21st century when scientists developed a set of techniques for switching genes on and off with light. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Unlike wild-type cells, astrocytes in the MEGF10- and MERTK-deficient mice ingested no synaptic components and the visual system of these animals failed to mature, suggesting that phagocytosis of synapses contributes to development of the retina. (alzforum.org)
  • The wild-type astrocytes phagocytosed synapses in 1- and 4-month-old mice, as well, indicating that they prune synapses into adulthood. (alzforum.org)
  • Based on preliminary data in older mice, however, Barres suspects the rate by which astrocytes eat synapses slows with age, leading to accrual of senescent synapses that would normally get recycled. (alzforum.org)
  • Arnold says that his team's next work would involve teaching zebrafish and mice particular tasks and watching to see how their synapses change. (theverge.com)
  • In the study, Monje and her colleagues used mice with light-sensitive ion channels in an area of their brains that controls movement. (stanford.edu)
  • Goldberg and colleagues have demonstrated through a series of interventions in mice with optic nerve injury that they can successfully regenerate retinal ganglion cells axons, which form the optic nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. (nih.gov)
  • Without Npas4, synapses coming from the dentate gyrus to CA3 failed to strengthen, and the mice could not form memories of the event. (scitechdaily.com)
  • In this issue of Cell, Kolabas, Kuemmerle, Perneczky, Förstera, and colleagues characterize these channels in humans and mice, revealing unique features of skull bone marrow and localized activation in human pathology. (bvsalud.org)
  • When an electrical signal carrying information, say a memory, reaches the end of a neuron, it triggers the release of a chemical called a neurotransmitter, which then floats across the synapse and lands on the receiving end of another neuron. (theverge.com)
  • The vividness of a particular memory is thought to be related to the strength of synapses, that is, how reliably the neuron fires when it picks up a neurotransmitter. (theverge.com)
  • What Arnold and his colleagues did was create a protein that sticks to the portion of a neuron responsible for absorbing the neurotransmitter, called the receptor. (theverge.com)
  • Called acetylcholine, this neurotransmitter 'edits out' the potential synapse sites on the muscle cell not destined to connect to a nerve. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Using a technique called single particle electron microscopy (a methodology closely related to cryo-EM), Terunaga Nakagawa , M.D., Ph.D., associate professor of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics in the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, showed that GluD2 functions through a "molecular bridge" that spans the synapse, or space between nerve cells. (vumc.org)
  • They saw the same with array tomography, a newer technique that allows quantitative, high-resolution imaging of serial tissue sections (see Micheva and Smith, 2007 ). (alzforum.org)
  • Image courtesy: Steven Smith Bright depths: Array tomography lights up synapses in a three-dimensional rendition of a mouse brain. (spectrumnews.org)
  • One important approach for us is the technique of deep-etch electron microscopy pioneered by my Washington University colleague John Heuser. (asbmb.org)
  • Using a combination of genetic and pharmacological techniques to block the various components of the chemical pathways involved, the Salk researchers painstakingly showed that acetylcholine works in tandem with another chemical produced by nerve cells, called agrin. (sciencedaily.com)
  • An enzyme causes structural and functional changes in other proteins: PKMzeta, located in the synapses (the functional contact points between nerve cells) changes some facets of the structure of synaptic contacts. (jpost.com)
  • For decades, researchers have known that this flexibility, called plasticity, comes from selective strengthening of well-used synapses - the connections between nerve cells. (stanford.edu)
  • At this young age, retinal ganglion cells shed synapses as a normal part of visual system development. (alzforum.org)
  • Optogenetics is a technique that uses light to artificially activate cells, tissues, and even organisms. (plos.org)
  • But two decades ago, Andrea Volterra , now at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland, and his colleagues announced that they had discovered that some glia could also use synaptic-like transmission to communicate with other cells . (newscientist.com)
  • He and his colleagues also found similar protein signatures of synaptic transmission in non-neuronal cells in humans by looking at existing datasets. (newscientist.com)
  • Weiss' research group at UCLA, which is made up of chemists, biochemists, biologists, physicists, and engineers is developing and applying cutting-edge techniques from fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and biological imaging to studying one of life's most important class of molecules: proteins, and image and study their actions in live cells and whole organisms. (ucla.edu)
  • Generating appropriate synapses between photoreceptor and bipolar cells is an essential step in restoring vision through photoreceptor transplantation. (nih.gov)
  • The strength of communication between brain cells is determined and regulated by proteins that inhabit their connections, called synapses. (maxplanckneuroscience.org)
  • In addition, Schuman (together with her colleagues Dave Tirrell and Daniela Dieterich at Caltech) developed new methods to tag, purify, identify and visualize newly synthesized proteins in cells using non-canonical amino acids and click chemistry. (maxplanckneuroscience.org)
  • It is this plasticity that Vuillaume and colleagues have succeeded in mimicking. (technovelgy.com)
  • Together with her colleagues Vidhya Rangaraju and Marcel Lauterbach, she reports that spatially stable mitochondrial compartments fuel dendritic translation during synaptic plasticity in an activity-dependent manner. (cef-mc.de)
  • Erin Schuman and her team have provided the first evidence that proteins made locally near synapses are fundamental for synaptic communication and plasticity. (maxplanckneuroscience.org)
  • The technique relies on a protein called Cre recombinase and the fact that some regions of DNA are only turned on in specific cell types. (ucsf.edu)
  • Protein synthesis in dendrites is an important source of protein for synapses yet very little is known about the link between energy supply and the dendritic synthesis of proteins. (cef-mc.de)
  • In addition, the researchers used an optical technique to disable a mitochondrial compartment with light and show that locally stabilized individual mitochondrial compartments indeed provide the energy supply for local protein synthesis. (cef-mc.de)
  • Erin Schuman will use the prize award to examine how protein synthesis and degradation mechanisms are optimized to serve the needs of brain synapses. (maxplanckneuroscience.org)
  • To study protein synthesis in vivo , her lab developed techniques for monitoring newly synthesized proteins. (maxplanckneuroscience.org)
  • This is a technique known as optogenetics. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The solution was a relatively new and radical technique called optogenetics. (stanford.edu)
  • We developed a novel technique, called 'flash-and-freeze', to visualize these changes. (eurekalert.org)
  • Participants could thwart the eavesdropping effort by simply ignoring the story and thinking about animals, doing math problems or focusing on a minipig suggests the device could be silent synapses. (the33rd.co.uk)
  • Erin Schuman has provided key evidence that many proteins are made locally near synapses and can be used to enhance synaptic communication, a cellular correlate of memory. (maxplanckneuroscience.org)
  • Given that an individual astrocyte can touch thousands of synapses, Chung and colleagues wondered if astrocyte phagocytosis contributes to synaptic turnover. (alzforum.org)
  • Still, spontaneous fusion events cannot be detected via this approach: therefore, whether evoked and spontaneous vesicle fusion take place in the same location within synapses remains an open question. (elifesciences.org)
  • Revealing the nanoscale organisation of synapses during evoked and spontaneous vesicle fusion. (elifesciences.org)
  • His novel technique also revealed that the vesicle recycling mechanism seems to have two components--an ultrafast mechanism followed by a slower one. (eurekalert.org)
  • If you're going to repair or regenerate nerves in, for example, spinal cord injury you need to know how to form synapses for the right connections to be made. (sciencedaily.com)
  • One marker, synapsin I, labels nearly every synapse within the cortex, the researchers found. (spectrumnews.org)
  • These rocks made roughly mummified for the online The Ontogenesis of Cortical Circuitry: The Spatial Distribution of Synapses in Somesthetic Cortex of Newborn Dog of unknown, example example achievements. (private-art.com)
  • personal men do online The Ontogenesis of Cortical Circuitry: The Spatial Distribution of Synapses in Somesthetic Cortex of Newborn Dog and size of additional and available motors and topics, sperm by fractionation, and survey by characterisation practice. (private-art.com)
  • ages are online The Ontogenesis of Cortical Circuitry: The Spatial Distribution of Synapses in Somesthetic Cortex of environment motors at atherosclerosis resources that are pure to the diet of Determined proteins, century sites, and Methods. (private-art.com)
  • This is one of the first studies of the human cortex to combine these different techniques to study cell types, said Rebecca Hodge, Ph.D., Senior Scientist at the Allen Institute for Brain Science and an author on the study. (eurekalert.org)
  • Another technique involves injecting special "beads" into the brain nuclei of anaesthetized animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • We assume that it binds senescent synapses in the aging brain," Barres said. (alzforum.org)
  • By contrast, the tiny nanowire transistors developed by Lieber and colleagues gently touch a neuronal projection to form a hybrid synapse, making them noninvasive, and are thousands of times smaller than the electronics now used to measure brain activity. (nanowerk.com)
  • The technique makes it possible to specifically label individual proteins and place them in the context of the overall brain structure. (spectrumnews.org)
  • We expect that our studies will provide information about the short-term and long-term effects of stimulant drugs and alcohol on synapses and on the way that different brain regions talk to each other and integrate information. (nih.gov)
  • In 2012, my former research mentor and principal investigator Rafael Yuste published a paper with his colleagues proposing the Brain Activity Map (BAM) Project . (plos.org)
  • For the next three-and-a-half years, in the early to mid-90s, Tsien labored over the development of a technique to produce a region-specific gene knockout in mouse brain. (the-scientist.com)
  • The researchers used a technique for future researchers to trace which regions were functionally connected to one of the brain do. (the33rd.co.uk)
  • According to the authors, sleep-wake fluctuations of cortical activity, generated by the thalamus, contribute to plastic changes in the structure of synapses in the brain - a concept known as "synaptic homeostasis. (reliasmedia.com)
  • Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Brain Research have used high-resolution imaging techniques to track mitochondria, the cell's power plants, in dendrites. (cef-mc.de)
  • Several years ago, Tamás visited the Allen Institute to present his latest research on specialized human brain cell types, and the two research groups quickly saw that they'd hit on the same cell using very different techniques. (eurekalert.org)
  • Her work is central for understanding how synapses work as well as how to target neurodevelopmental disorders and rehabilitation following brain damage. (maxplanckneuroscience.org)
  • Although they are not universally available, functional neuroimaging techniques, including positron emission tomography (PET) scanning, single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) scanning, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), magnetic source imaging (MSI), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), can be very helpful in the localization of the epileptogenic zone and for mapping functional areas of the brain, such as those for language and motor function. (medscape.com)
  • The technique worked as successfully a month after the memories were formed (analogous to years in humans), and all signs so far indicate that the unpleasant memories indeed disappeared. (jpost.com)
  • They can reach millions of synapses in humans. (newscientist.com)
  • Reverse engineering C. elegans will provide a Rosetta-stone-like translation between the language of annotated connectomes and functional properties," say Halpern and colleagues. (discovermagazine.com)
  • In my laboratory at NIAAA we combine multiple techniques ranging from cellular and synaptic approaches all the way to behavioral analysis and in vivo manipulations in wild-type and genetically engineered mouse models. (nih.gov)
  • Baeza-Raja and colleagues tinkered with the cellular machinery of adipocytes to find out what was going on. (ucsf.edu)
  • Short and long-term changes in synaptic efficacy occur in vivo at the central synapse between muscle spindle afferents (Ia) and spinal motoneurons ( Mendell, 1984 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • In order to better understand which of the two trains of thought is most accurate, Schutzer and his colleagues selected twenety-seven people in order to identify cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) proteins. (livingfithealthyandhappy.com)
  • Moreover, the chance to work with Azure Synapse Analytics, a platform I find remarkably versatile and powerful, is a unique opportunity that I'm eager to seize. (megainterview.com)
  • The paper, published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in 2010 with Yunxiang Chu and other colleagues, is a good illustration of the unheralded, finicky work required for breakthroughs to happen. (jstor.org)
  • Peer reviewing work of colleagues. (icanapply.uk)
  • licensed PurchaseOver the bad author Steps, I work disorganized back about discontinuous growth techniques, whether they enable increased as NoSQL or NewSQL, well the Hadoop provider( capture my crimes on ' HBase: The Definitive Guide ' and ' Hadoop in Action '), but I somewhat not not identified a author of this vitro after Revealing it over a management either. (pr-net.eu)
  • However, our knowledge of the specific mechanisms controlling efficacy at this synapse, and indeed most CNS synapses in the intact organism, is incomplete. (jneurosci.org)
  • Specifically, the goal of my lab is to find out how cocaine and alcohol affect synapses and neuronal connectivity to drive the development of compulsive drug-seeking behaviors that characterize individuals suffering from cocaine abuse or alcohol-use disorder. (nih.gov)
  • They also identified 17 markers to individual proteins that allow them to reliably identify different types of synapses and the variation within these categories. (spectrumnews.org)
  • lifespan, mRNA pdf biology, and technique under a variation soil and under available approach. (private-art.com)
  • Synaptic efficacy at the rat Ia-motoneuron synapse has been reported to increase in vivo , within 3 d of sectioning a single muscle nerve ( Miyata and Yasuda, 1988 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • This question helps them assess your ability to concisely communicate your expertise and suitability for the position within the context of the Synapse Analytics framework. (megainterview.com)
  • In the study, Monje and her colleagues showed that nerve activity prompts oligodendrocyte precursor cell proliferation and differentiation into myelin-forming oligodendrocytes. (stanford.edu)
  • In the future, I plan to apply these techniques to study the changes that occur in the other side of the synapse," said Watanabe, the 14th winner of the prize. (eurekalert.org)
  • Researchers recently reported a technique that increases the regenerative capacity of retinal axons in a mouse model of optic nerve injury, a model commonly used to study glaucoma and other optic neuropathies. (nih.gov)
  • In a study published in 2011 , Lin and colleagues found that Npas4, a gene that is turned on immediately following new experiences, appears to act as a master controller of the program of gene expression required for long-term memory formation. (scitechdaily.com)
  • In my current role at XYZ Enterprises, I've successfully integrated Synapse Analytics to streamline our data warehousing and reporting processes. (megainterview.com)
  • Smith and his colleagues are trying to correlate their findings in mouse brains with human tissue. (spectrumnews.org)
  • They fixed the nanoparticles, which were 5, 10 and 20 nm in diameter, into the source-drain channel of the device using surface chemistry techniques and finished the structure by covering it with a 35 nm thick film of pentacene. (technovelgy.com)
  • Dubner and his colleagues decided that his genetic research would be an excellent complement to the existing research. (nih.gov)
  • Alone, these techniques are all powerful, but they give you an incomplete picture of what the cell might be doing," Hodge said. (eurekalert.org)
  • Ultimately, the experiment we envision is looking at a mouse, having the mouse learn something, seeing how the synapses change, then going back in there and modifying the synapses to see if you can get rid of the memory,' Arnold says. (theverge.com)