• The gene rpoS (RNA polymerase, sigma S, also called katF) encodes the sigma factor sigma-38 (σ38, or RpoS), a 37.8 kD protein in Escherichia coli. (wikipedia.org)
  • RpoS translation was also shown to be controlled in other bacterial species, beside Escherichia coli. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some clinical isolates of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) lack bundle-forming pili and are termed atypical EPEC. (cdc.gov)
  • The varieties of Escherichia coli that cause diarrhea are classified into pathogenic groups (pathotypes) according to their virulence determinants ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • FusA allele sequencing revealed that 49/52 strains were Cronobacter sakazakii, while the remaining 3 strains were Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, and Franconibacter helveticus . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Objective 1: Characterization of environmental and food-related stress responses of Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC). (usda.gov)
  • Objective 4: Phenotypic and genetic characterization of extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) isolated from poultry and produce. (usda.gov)
  • Pathogens that will be investigated include: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), Campylobacter species, and Listeria monocytogenes. (usda.gov)
  • Little is known about the genomic diversity of Escherichia coli in healthy children from sub-Saharan Africa, even though this is pertinent to understanding bacterial evolution and ecology and their role in infection. (peerj.com)
  • These were spread over 37 seven-allele sequence types and the E. coli phylogroups A, B1, B2, C, D, E, F and Escherichia cryptic clade I. Immigration events accounted for three-quarters of the diversity within our study population, while one-quarter of variants appeared to have arisen from within-host evolution. (peerj.com)
  • Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains LAA-positive are important cause of human infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are important pathogens responsible for foodborne diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Its expression product in Escherichia coli exhibited higher catabolic carbamoyltransfer activities under acidic conditions. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Among the bacterial pathogens, various strains of Escherichia coli are the major culprits. (zoologix.com)
  • Alfredo G. Torres , " Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Latin America ", Bentham Science Publishers (2010). (eurekaselect.com)
  • Escherichia coli are Gram-negative bacteria found as normal commensal flora in the gastrointestinal tract. (eurekaselect.com)
  • The emergence and evolution of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains associated with diarrheal diseases have become a topic of active investigation in recent years due to the emergence of more virulent strains and the association of new serotypes with disease. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Escherichia coli strain LR09, containing a plasmid with the aac(6 ′ )-Ib-cr fluoroquinolone resistance gene, did not conjugate with any of the 15 strains tested, while Enterobacter aerogenes strain YS11 conjugated with two strains of E. coli . (karger.com)
  • Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli O157 can cause severe bloody diarrhea and haemolytic uraemic syndrome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Escherichia coli O157:H7 is the most prevalent Shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC) serotype in the UK and has the most severe impact on human health [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There are a range of phages that infect Escherichia coli that progress either to a lytic or lysogenic phase after infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • C. jejuni does not possess classical virulence factors observed in bacterial enteropathogens such as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. (assignster.com)
  • In this study, the prevalence, phenotypes, and clonal relationships of Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) strains isolated from minks were investigated. (hindawi.com)
  • Though the CRISPR sequence was first recognised in the alkaline phosphatase ( iap ) gene of Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) in 1987, the biological function of these unusual repeat sequences has long been undetermined (1). (idcmjournal.org)
  • We compared PCR amplification of 9 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli virulence factors among 40 isolates (21 O/H antigenicity classes) with DNA hybridization. (cdc.gov)
  • Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) pathogenicity is usually linked to a Shiga toxin ( 1 , 2 ) and virulence factors, including adhesins, toxins, invasins, protein secretion systems, iron uptake systems, and several unidentified functions ( 3 , 4 ), which are unrelated to strain phylogeny. (cdc.gov)
  • This study re-analyzed, using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and whole genome sequence with single nucleotide polymorphism analysis (WGS-SNP), 52 strains which had been identified as Enterobacter sakazakii as according to the convention at the time of isolation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Certain pathogenic strains of E. coli have increasingly become resistant to many antibacterial drugs and are a major threat to public health and safety. (iith.ac.in)
  • Sub-objective 4.1: Analysis of ExPEC isolated from chickens and humans: biofilm assays, virulence gene profiles, antimicrobial resistance profiles, whole genome comparison of ExPEC strains isolated from chicken and human infections. (usda.gov)
  • We will use omic technologies to analyze a large variety of strains of each of the pathogens to identify genes and proteins necessary for pathogens to survive stresses encountered in food environments and cause human illness. (usda.gov)
  • We will examine poultry and swine as reservoirs for food-borne infections linked to ExPEC and STEC, respectively, and characterize isolated strains to determine their virulence. (usda.gov)
  • Y. enterocolitica virulent strains carry a gene, the adherence and invasion locus (the ail gene), which encodes a virulence protein. (provisioneronline.com)
  • however, individual strains vary in their virulence potential due to the presence of mobile accessory genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Concerningly, iuc has also been reported in MDR strains in the hospital setting, where it was associated with increased mortality, highlighting the need to understand, detect and track the mobility of these virulence loci in the K . pneumoniae population. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study provides a framework for identifying and tracking these important virulence loci, which will be important for genomic surveillance efforts including monitoring for the emergence of hypervirulent MDR K . pneumoniae strains. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Yet, most of what we know about E. coli stems from the investigation of laboratory strains, which fail to capture the ecology and evolution of this key organism "in the wild" ( Hobman, Penn & Pallen, 2007 ). (peerj.com)
  • Methods Bacterial strains and culture conditions Bacterial strains are listed in Table 3. (mirnaarray.com)
  • Plasmids were introduced into E. coli DH5α and S17-1 [51] strains by electro- or chemical-transformation. (mirnaarray.com)
  • The capability to adhere to epithelial cells is a key virulence trait, and genes codified in LAA pathogenicity island could be involved in the adhesion during the pathogenesis of LAA-positive STEC strains. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These pathogens are classified by the presence or absence of the Locus of Enterocyte Effacement (LEE) [ 3 ] LEE-positive strains can colonize the intestinal mucosa causing the attaching and effacing (A/E) lesion on the intestinal epithelium [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genes codified in LAA could be involved in the adhesion during the pathogenesis of LAA-positive STEC strains, and little is known about the specific virulence factors that contribute to these pathogeneses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A comparison of four virulent Y. pestis strains with the human-avirulent strain 91001 provides further insight into the genetic basis of virulence to humans. (asm.org)
  • Although E. coli is the predominant nonpathogenic facultative anaerobic member of the human intestinal microflora, some E. coli strains can cause diseases of the gastrointestinal, urinary, and central nervous systems in humans. (zoologix.com)
  • Infections by pathogenic strains of E. coli also occur in many domestic and wild species. (zoologix.com)
  • The epidemiology and pathogenicity of these strains have not yet been clearly defined, but the presence of a large 60 kD plasmid encoding several virulence factors and toxins is important for their virulence. (zoologix.com)
  • Due to the appearance of the highly virulent strain of E. coli of serotype O157:H7 in the US and Canada in the 1980's, and subsequently in other Latin American countries, there is an increase need for accurate testing for this and other pathogenic E. coli strains, substantially enhancing detection of virulent strains and, therefore, facilitating identification of sporadic E. coli infections and outbreaks. (eurekaselect.com)
  • The relative contribution of recombination events in the generation of new categories of pathogenic E. coli varies among the E. coli population, and it is represented by the wide variety of mobile elements found in different diarrheal strains (e.g. pathogenicity islands, phages, transposons, pathoadaptive mutations, etc). (eurekaselect.com)
  • In addition, factors underlying the emergence of enteroaggregative and atypical enteropathogenic E. coli strains associated with persistent diarrhea are unknown. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Horizontal transfer of genetic elements that affect virulence of diarrheagenic E. coli strains and changes in global agricultural processes, as well as movement of humans and animals, may contribute to the complex natural history of diarrheagenic E. coli. (eurekaselect.com)
  • In Chile, although a sustained increase in CR- Kp infections has been observed, few strains have been described at the genomic level, lacking molecular details of their resistance and virulence determinants and the mobile elements mediating their dissemination. (biorxiv.org)
  • Here we sought to characterize conjugal horizontal gene transfer of plasmid-encoded fluoroquinolone resistance genes from two strains of Enterobacteriaceae, one clinical and one from a municipal wastewater treatment plant environment. (karger.com)
  • While ongoing work is focused on sequencing and analysis of the bacterial strains, we propose that further insight into relevant strain differences can be gained by also understanding the typing phages themselves and the basis of their infection selectivity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In all the samples, 50 E. coli strains were isolated and then assigned to serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility test, detection of antimicrobial resistance genes and the Class 1 integrons, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). (hindawi.com)
  • Some E. coli strains are potentially pathogenic, including enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), which may cause intestinal or urologic diseases [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The treatment of pathogenic E. coli infections is becoming complicated because of the rapid emergence and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant strains, which may consequently result in an increasing number of clinical treatment failures in bacterial-mediated diseases and further threaten public health with the possibility of transmission to humans through aerosols, environmental contact or other methods [ 2 , 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Table 2 summarizes the different virulence factors and the phylogenetic characteristics among E. coli strains in general Vemurafenib mouse and stratified by pregnancy status. (proteasomesignaling.com)
  • However, only the hly, cnf, pap and iroN genes occurred significantly Selleck PD 332991 more frequently when comparing the strains from pregnant women (48) with those from nonpregnant women (38) (Table 2). (proteasomesignaling.com)
  • We generated otsA and otsB mutant strains and found that these mutant strains reduced the bacterial trehalose concentration and HR induction on eggplant leaves compared to wild-type. (ppjonline.org)
  • Methods Bacterial strains, plasmids and media Bacterial strains and plasmids used are shown in Table 1. (mirnainhibitor.com)
  • stx 1, stx 2, eae , and hlyA (or ehx A). Variation in amplification success is likely to increase because more virulence factor variants are certain to emerge as more EHEC and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) strains are identified. (cdc.gov)
  • This study addresses the potential for a broad and well-characterized set of control strains relative to virulence factor amplification and confirmed by Southern hybridization. (cdc.gov)
  • We used PCR amplification and Southern blot hybridization to detect 9 virulence factors among 40 EHEC type-strains from the STEC Center, National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, Michigan State University (East Lansing, MI, USA). (cdc.gov)
  • At present it is assumed that the relationship between an individual's susceptibility and bacterial virulence determines the balance between tolerance of invading pathogens and the mounting of an immune response, which in turn dictates the course of infection and subsequent recurrence. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • During my career I have gained valuable experience working with a range of bacterial pathogens. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • 8 , 9 Furthermore, the accelerating accumulation and transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) among multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens pose major difficulties in treating infections. (researchsquare.com)
  • FoodNet monitors eight bacterial foodborne pathogens in 10 states representing 44.5 million people or 15 percent of the U.S. population. (provisioneronline.com)
  • Whole Genome Sequencing Accurately Identifies Resistance to Extended Spectrum β-Lactams for Major Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens. (cdc.gov)
  • Longitudinal study of Plasmodium pathogens identifies new loci associated with artemisinin resistance. (cdc.gov)
  • In other bacterial pathogens, genes important for pathogenicity and host range include secreted protein effectors that suppress host immunity, alter host metabolism, and enable colonization, providing a fitness advantage. (biorxiv.org)
  • A common virulence strategy of intracellular pathogens is to favorably modulate the intracellular milieu of hosts for their own benefit. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Altogether, these results suggest that CpxA is an important small molecule receptor crucial for cell-to-cell signaling and inhibition of virulence of GI pathogens. (grantome.com)
  • Multidrug and carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CR- Kp ) are considered critical threats to global health and key traffickers of resistance genes to other pathogens. (biorxiv.org)
  • These high-risk pathogens have developed mainly by acquiring different mobile genetic elements (MGEs), including plasmids and genomic islands (GIs) encoding an array of virulence and antibiotic resistance factors[ 2 ]. (biorxiv.org)
  • PCR is the most useful method for virulence factor detection, and others have made convincing arguments for its use in characterizing the virulence factor patterns of potential pathogens ( 6 , 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • All 29 fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates were positive for the aac(6')-Ib-cr gene but negative for qepA , except SD001. (researchsquare.com)
  • In addition, only 6 (20.69%, 6/29) isolates harbored the qnr gene, including two with qnrB (6.90%, 2/29) and four with qnrS (13.79%, 4/29). (researchsquare.com)
  • Our analysis includes the antimicrobial resistance profiles, the molecular characterization of the mechanisms of resistance to fluoroquinolones, virulence gene profiles and the molecular characterization of S. dysenteriae isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). (researchsquare.com)
  • We also serotyped and determined virulence attributes for a subset of porcine fecal isolates (n=109) and found Y. enterocolitica serotypes O:3 (75.2 percent) and O:5 (24.8 percent). (provisioneronline.com)
  • All of these isolates harbored the ail-gene, indicative of their potential to infect humans. (provisioneronline.com)
  • We isolated and whole-genome sequenced up to five colonies of faecal E. coli from 66 asymptomatic children aged three-to-five years in rural Gambia (n = 88 isolates from 21 positive stools). (peerj.com)
  • Several isolates encode putative virulence factors commonly found in Enteropathogenic and Enteroaggregative E. coli, and 53% of the isolates encode resistance to three or more classes of antimicrobials. (peerj.com)
  • Whole genome sequences of these isolates were determined and analysed to compute bacterial multilocus sequence types and plasmid replicon types, infer phylogenetic relationships, and identify antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The most abundant carbapenemase gene family in the K. pneumoniae isolates (33/39) was bla OXA-232 , with bla NDM-1 additionally identified in 19 of them. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study has revealed the genomic features of colonising CPE isolates, focusing on antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, a significant risk exists that infections caused by highly virulent E. coli isolates, such as the enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7, develop into serious and potentially lifethreatening complications, such as hemolytic uremic syndrome. (eurekaselect.com)
  • High resistance to most of the antibiotics tested was observed among the isolates, five ST25, three ST11, one ST45, and one ST505, which harbored a total of 44 plasmids, many of them predicted to be conjugative and carrying genes conferring resistance to a variety of antibiotic, metals, and disinfectants. (biorxiv.org)
  • Compared with 340 human E. coli STs reported in China, the ST10 clonal complex, known as the largest human clonal complex, was also found in the 50 mink E. coli isolates. (hindawi.com)
  • The specific nature of these virulence determinants imbues each pathotype with the capacity to cause clinical syndromes with distinctive epidemiologic and pathologic characteristics ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) shares several key virulence determinants with the most common varieties of EHEC but does not produce Shiga toxins nor cause hemorrhagic colitis or hemolytic uremic syndrome. (cdc.gov)
  • These dominant types also carry hypermucoidy ( rmpA ) determinants and include all previously described virulence plasmids of K . pneumoniae . (biomedcentral.com)
  • The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and/or virulence determinants possessed by the associated bacteria are generally found on mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that transmit between K . pneumoniae cells via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • BsaN orchestrates the temporal and spatial expression of virulence determinants during progression through the intracellular lifecycle, EPZ5676 mw promoting endosome escape and possibly evasion of autophagy through activation of T3SS3 effector loci, facilitating cell-cell spread by activation of T6SS1 and the bim intracellular motility loci, and suppressing cellular immunity via the action of the TssM ubiquitin hydrolase. (mirnaarray.com)
  • These results provide baseline knowledge for the detailed understanding of molecular and genetic determinants behind antibiotic resistance and virulence of K. pneumoniae in Chile and South America. (biorxiv.org)
  • and (ii) enhanced O locus typing to enable prediction of the clinically relevant O2 antigen (sub)types, for which the genetic determinants have been recently described. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • For example, enterotoxigenic E. coli causes watery diarrhea in children in developing countries and in travelers to those countries, whereas enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) may cause hemorrhagic colitis and the hemolytic uremic syndrome because of the production of Shiga toxins. (cdc.gov)
  • Chemical communication between microbes and their hosts underlies the basis of their associations The GI pathogen enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), responsible for outbreaks of bloody diarrhea worldwide, exploits cell-to-cell signaling between the gastrointestinal microbial flora and the hos as a means to gage and recognize the host environment. (grantome.com)
  • EPEC also differs from other pathotypes of E. coli in that it typically carries an EPEC adherence factor plasmid (pEAF). (cdc.gov)
  • This plasmid encodes 1) bundle-forming pili (Bfp), which promote bacterial adherence to epithelial cells and are an essential virulence determinant ( 5 ), and 2) a transcriptional activator, Per, that upregulates genes within a chromosomal pathogenicity island, termed the locus for enterocyte effacement ( 6 , 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • S. dysenteriae possesses diverse virulence genes, located on both the chromosome and/or the plasmid. (researchsquare.com)
  • 11 The common genetic loci are invasion plasmid antigen H ( ipaH ), invasion plasmid antigen genes ( ipaBCD) and invasion associated locus ( ial ). (researchsquare.com)
  • The major burden of iuc and iro amongst the genomes analysed was due to two linked lineages ( iuc1 / iro1 74% and iuc2 / iro2 14%), each carried by a distinct non-self-transmissible IncFIB K virulence plasmid type that we designate KpVP-1 and KpVP-2. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hata M, Suzuki M, Matsumoto M, Takahashi M, Sato K, Ibe S, Sakae K: Cloning of a novel gene for quinolone resistance from a transferable plasmid in Shigella flexneri 2b. (karger.com)
  • Indest KJ, Jung CM, Chen HP, Hancock D, Florizone C, Eltis LD, Crocker FH: Functional characterization of pGKT2, a 182-kb plasmid containing the xplAB genes involved in the degradation of RDX by Gordonia sp. (karger.com)
  • P0016 - Qualitative detection and differentiation by PCR of 5 different categories of diarrheagenic E. coli -- ETEC, EHEC, EIEC, EPEC and EAEC. (zoologix.com)
  • The bacterially produced tryptophan derivative indole is known to influence intestinal barrier function, and has also been shown to regulate virulence gene expression in EHEC. (grantome.com)
  • Through CpxA, both serotonin and indole decrease expression of the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) in EHEC, which encodes a type three secretion system (T3SS), effectors and an adhesin necessary for EHEC to form lesions on enterocytes leading to intestinal disease. (grantome.com)
  • This pathogenicity island encodes a number of essential virulence proteins, including the surface protein intimin (the product of the eae gene), which is required to produce the attaching-effacing lesions that are a key feature of EPEC-induced pathology. (cdc.gov)
  • To circumvent these obstacles, a protocol was developed to generate 50 nm thick serial sections suitable for immunogold labeling and subsequent reconstruction of the spatial distribution of immuno-labeled native proteins within individual bacterial cells. (nature.com)
  • Intriguingly, helical localization patterns were reported for many other fluorescently tagged bacterial proteins (e.g. chemoreceptors, secretion proteins, RNase E, and the chromosome partitioning protein SetB) but often the questions remains how well these observations reflect the true situation 6 . (nature.com)
  • To circumvent this problem, we have developed a non-invasive protocol enabling the three-dimensional (3D-) visualization of proteins in serial sections of bacterial cells by immunofluorescence microscopy or immunogold labeling envisioned by electron microscopy. (nature.com)
  • TPS systems are TpsA for translocated proteins to the bacterial surface and TpsB for the transporter proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In parallel studies, genes encoding DNA-repair proteins specific for hyperthermophilic archea, were shown to be related to CRISPR, and were later defined as the cas (CRISPR-associated) genes (6). (idcmjournal.org)
  • Such studies are needed to understand the increasingly recognized diversity of enterotoxigenic E. coli, a leading cause of pediatric and travelers' diarrhea. (eurekaselect.com)
  • In addition, the Shigella enterotoxin genes set1A, set1B ( ShET-1 ), sen ( SHET-2 ) and Shiga toxin gene stx were also reported to be responsible for initial watery diarrhea. (researchsquare.com)
  • In many laboratories, sorbitol-MacConkey medium is commonly used to screen for the slow sorbitol fermentation phenotype of the most common Shiga toxin-containing strain: O157:H7 ( 5 ), but this process does not address the pathogenic potential of the remaining sorbitol-positive E. coli . (cdc.gov)
  • We have studied how bacterial species such as the pathogen Salmonella enterica maintain a discrete number of flagellar per cell during cell growth and division. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • knowledge, this is the first m-PCR method published to detect Salmonella, Campylobacter, and E. coli O157:H7 simultaneously from watershed samples. (proteasomesignaling.com)
  • agr P2 drives the synthesis of RNA II, which encodes Agr ABCD, the structural components of the QS system, while agr P3 leads to the synthesis of RNA III which encodes delta-hemolysin 20 but also acts as a regulatory RNA that controls the expression of a series of virulence genes transcriptionally or translationally 21 . (ijpsr.com)
  • I also have a strong background in bacterial pathogenesis of both Animal and Plant Hosts. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Although a number of bacteria and viruses have been show to influence serotonin signaling, no study has investigated the effect that serotonin has on bacterial pathogenesis. (grantome.com)
  • The aim of this study was to analyse the genome sequences of 16 (fourteen T4 and two T7) E. coli O157 typing phages and to determine the genes responsible for the subtle differences in phage type profiles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria and cause bacterial lysis and cell death, but can also promote horizontal gene transfer between bacteria, play an important role in dynamic bacterial genome evolution and can regulate the abundance and diversity of bacterial communities through co-evolution [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The annotation of the full genome sequence revealed the absence of genes encoding for a non-flagellar type 3 protein secretion system (NF-T3SS). (assignster.com)
  • Given the importance and growing interest in these highly diverse surface antigens, we had previously developed Kaptive, a tool for rapidly identifying and typing capsule (K) and outer LPS (O) loci from whole genome sequence data. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • This interface allows the user to search for common OR specific genes/regions between a query genome/replicon and other genomes/replicons chosen from the ones available in our PkGDB database (i.e, (re)annotation of bacterial genomes or complete proteome downloaded from the RefSeq/WGS sections). (cns.fr)
  • The picture gives an overview of the conservation of synteny groups between the query genome and another genome chosen from the ones available in our PkGDB database (i.e, (re)annotation of bacterial genomes or complete proteome downloaded from the RefSeq/WGS sections). (cns.fr)
  • This tool provides a list of candidate genes of a query genome potentially involved in a fusion or a fission event. (cns.fr)
  • following the phage attack, new spacers produced from the phage genomic sequences were integrated into the bacterial genome, and the phage resistance phenotype of the cell could be changed by the addition or removal of these sequences (8). (idcmjournal.org)
  • Here, we examined the genetic diversity, distribution and mobilisation of iuc and iro loci amongst 2503 K . pneumoniae genomes using comparative genomics approaches and developed tools for tracking them via genomic surveillance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Also, this study adds significantly to the number of commensal E. coli genomes, a group that has been traditionally underrepresented in the sequencing of this species. (peerj.com)
  • The siderophores yersiniabactin and aerobactin, considered to be important virulence factors, were only identified in the CPKP-ST231 genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This tool draws a global comparison, based on synteny results (the size of which can be selected by the user) between 2 bacterial genomes. (cns.fr)
  • Among the computed values between two compared genomes are: the number and percentage of genes which are in BBH (Bidirectional Best Hit) and in synteny groups, the synteny groups number and size, etc. (cns.fr)
  • This tool provides some statistics about the similarity results between the selected organism and all the bacterial genomes available in RefSeq/WGS NCBI sections. (cns.fr)
  • Research on pathogenic E. coli will focus on examining the association between acid tolerance in STEC and virulence potential, curli expression, biofilm formation, and persistence. (usda.gov)
  • This work will provide information to understand the virulence characteristics of STEC and how food environment-related conditions may impact the virulence and persistence in the food environment. (usda.gov)
  • Genes encoded in LAA contribute to the adhesion phenotype though the expression of STEC adhesins is a coordinated event that depends not only the strain but also on the environment as well as its genetic background. (biomedcentral.com)
  • STEC LEE-negative could possess alternative virulence factors for adherence. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is one of the major surface associated virulence factors of the bacteria that conceals the bacterial surface and helps it in evading the host self-defense mechanisms. (iith.ac.in)
  • 10 The virulence gene has become a significant marker of pathogenic bacteria. (researchsquare.com)
  • Upon detection of environmental alterations, bacteria adjust their gene expression in order to obtain a phenotype that is suitable for the environment to which they are exposed ( Federle, 2012 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • One of the current strategies is to attenuate virulence gene expression of agr quorum sensing system of some Gram-positive bacteria through inhibition of AgrA_ P2/P3 interaction. (ijpsr.com)
  • The accessory gene regulator ( agr ), a well-studied QS system, controls the expression of a series of virulence-associated protein genes in some Gram-positive bacteria 19, 20 . (ijpsr.com)
  • By this way, the new phage sequences inserted into the CRISPR locus (added to the genomic library) were shown to have a protective role in subsequent phage attacks, namely the adaptive immunity of the bacteria. (idcmjournal.org)
  • My laboratory uses, bacterial genetics, protein biochemistry, structural biology, bioinformatics and microscopic techniques to validate our genetic findings. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Antimicrobial resistance occurs through different mechanisms, which include spontaneous (natural) genetic mutations and horizontal transfer of resistant genes through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (who.int)
  • Ten plasmids encoding either KPC-2, NDM-1, or NDM-7 carbapenemases were characterized, including novel plasmids with increased resistance gene load and a novel genetic environment for bla KPC-2 gene. (biorxiv.org)
  • The E. coli O157 phage typing scheme exhibited a significantly modular network linked to the genetic similarity of each group showing that these groups are specialised to infect a subset of phage types. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The acquisition of resistance genes through a mechanism involving mobile genetic elements, such as plasmids and transposons, is considered a major contributor to antimicrobial resistance [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • E. coli is a Gram-negative bacterium that is a common cause for urinary tract infections (including kidney infections), bloodstream infection, intra-abdominal infections like peritonitis, skin & soft tissue infections, neonatal meningitis and foodborne infections. (iith.ac.in)
  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common bacterial infection with symptoms that include urinary frequency, urgency to void, dysuria and abdominal pain. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Outbreak studies indicate that most patients with an intestinal E. coli infection develop mild, uncomplicated diarrhea. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Aetiology of invasive bacterial infection and antimicrobial resistance in neonates in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis in line with the STROBE-NI reporting guidelines. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • A significant number of bacterial species encode multiple copies of the filament building block - flagellin. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • We complement our study on flagellar abundance with research to understanding how a filament is assembled from multiple flagellins, a trait maintained by many bacterial species. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Although clinical microbiology typically relies on single-colony picks (which has the potential to underestimate species diversity and transmission events), within-host diversity of E. coli in the gut is crucial to our understanding of inter-strain competition and co-operation and also for accurate diagnosis and epidemiological analyses. (peerj.com)
  • It has been discovered that a large number of bacterial species produce many virulence factors and form biofilms, which are regulated by the cell to cell communication process called quorum sensing (QS) 7-9 . (ijpsr.com)
  • This data suggests that impA is partly responsible for inositol synthesis in this species, presumably compensated by the presence of other imp genes [24]. (mirnainhibitor.com)
  • As with bopE and bopC, no roles were observed for the BsaN-regulated effector candidate loci BPSS1513-1514 in cell-based virulence assays. (mirnaarray.com)
  • A previous study also demonstrated that E. coli can carry resistance plasmids and can easily acquire resistance transfer genes [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • IglA is a 21 kDa protein encoded by a gene that is part of an iglABCD operon located on the Francisella pathogenicity island (FPI). (biomedcentral.com)
  • We recently described a Francisella pathogenicity island (FPI) harboring several genes necessary for intracellular growth. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For instance, two major drugs namely, third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones that are widely under use have become ineffective against many E. coli infections. (iith.ac.in)
  • Structural information about these antigens would aid in the vaccine and drug discovery against E. coli infections. (iith.ac.in)
  • The flagellar filament is a major antigen recognized by hosts during bacterial infections. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • In particular, gene clusters encoding the biosynthesis of siderophores aerobactin ( iuc ) and salmochelin ( iro ) are associated with invasive disease and are common amongst hypervirulent K . pneumoniae clones that cause severe community-associated infections such as liver abscess and pneumonia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fighting bacterial infections by interfering with their command language and disrupting virulence expression could serve as a viable alternative. (ijpsr.com)
  • Fighting bacterial infections by interfering with their command language or QS and disrupting virulence expression could serve as an alternative way to inhibit growth 15-18 . (ijpsr.com)
  • As a pathogen, E. coli are the most frequent causes of bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections, diarrheal disease, and other clinical infections such as neonatal meningitis, pneumonia and bacteremia. (eurekaselect.com)
  • At least six different categories of pathogenic E. coli causing enteric infections have been identified and further characterized. (eurekaselect.com)
  • In Latin America, as well as many other developing countries, diarrheal infections caused by E. coli remain an important cause de infant morbidity - mortality. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Antibiotics have long been considered as the first line of defense to prevent pathogenic E. coli infections. (hindawi.com)
  • F. novicida is closely related to F. tularensis but has low virulence for humans while being highly virulent in mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Campylobacters are the leading cause of bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis in the world. (assignster.com)
  • Acquisition of resistance genes has proven to be difficult to characterize and is largely uncontrollable in the environment. (karger.com)
  • Our results showed that farmed minks could be reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli with Class 1 integron cassettes and resistance genes, which were likely to pose a threat to public health. (hindawi.com)
  • Insertional transposon mutagenesis is a frequently used technique with the enormous advantage not only of the generation of new phenotypes, but the identification of the mutated gene directly. (proteasomesignaling.com)
  • Bacterial flagella contain a specialized secretion apparatus that functions to deliver the protein subunits that form the filament and other structures to outside the membrane 1 . (nature.com)
  • Regulatory mechanisms that control RpoS exist at various levels of gene and protein organization: transcription, translation, degradation, and protein activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • The capsular polysaccharides of E. coli have been well characterized and classified into four groups based on several factors, including biosynthetic gene locus and assembly mechanisms. (iith.ac.in)
  • Ultimately, four risk factors were identified with their accompanying odds ratio (OR): location in a central state, (OR=0.3), vaccination for E. coli (OR=3.0), percent deaths due to scours (OR=3.5), and presence of meat/bone meal in grower-finisher diet (OR=4.1). (provisioneronline.com)
  • These genes are encoded in LAA, and are virulence factors that participate in adhesion and autoaggregation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mechanism and factors of virulence are not fully understood. (go.jp)
  • Moreover, we characterized a variety of genomic islands carrying virulence and fitness factors. (biorxiv.org)
  • Prophages are important as they often encode additional factors not directly linked to phage production that may provide an evolutionary advantage to the bacterial host enabling survival of the embedded prophage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These organisms can be detected by immunologic methods or PCR evaluation of virulence factors. (cdc.gov)
  • Boontanom P, Siripattanapipong S, Mungthin M, Tan-ariya P, Leelayoova S: Improved sensitivity of PCR amplification of glutamate dehydrogenase gene for detection and genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in stool specimen. (mirnainhibitor.com)
  • Transcription of rpoS in E. coli is mainly regulated by the chromosomal rpoSp promoter. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pathogenic E. coli may cause enteritis, urinary tract urethritis, and other diseases in warm-blooded animals [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The analysis showed that the T7 typing phages (9 and 10) differed by only three genes and that the T4 typing phages formed three distinct groups of similar genomic sequences: Group 1 (1, 8, 11, 12 and 15, 16), Group 2 (3, 6, 7 and 13) and Group 3 (2, 4, 5 and 14). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, in the S. thermophilus study, a shared gene sequence was also defined on the forward sequences of all spacers, homologues to that of the viral genes. (idcmjournal.org)
  • FlgM inhibits transcription of its own gene, and so reduced FlgM export might partially reflect decreased cellular levels of the protein 9 . (nature.com)
  • Based on their genomic organization, the transcription of these loci is likely driven from the promoter upstream of BPSS1512 tssM. (mirnaarray.com)
  • At the agr locus, there are two divergent transcription units driven by promoters agr P2 and agrP3 . (ijpsr.com)
  • A Nonsynonymous SNP Catalog of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Virulence Genes and Its Use for Detecting New Potentially Virulent Sublineages. (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, continuous inspections and monitoring of E. coli in minks are essential for detecting and controlling emerging E. coli with different serovars as well as antibiotic resistance. (hindawi.com)
  • The level of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic and commensal E. coli has steadily increased and has become a global health concern [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • According to the differences in pathogenicity, E. coli can be classified into commensal E. coli and pathogenic E. coli [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The capsule is composed of high molecular weight polysaccharides non-covalently attached to the bacterial surface. (iith.ac.in)
  • The flagellum is a unique molecular machine driving bacterial movement through liquid environments. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Understanding the population structure of pathogenic E. coli is important, since it impacts the effectiveness of molecular epidemiological studies. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Phage typing of E. coli O157 facilitates public health surveillance and outbreak investigations, certain phage types are more likely to occupy specific niches and are associated with specific age groups and disease severity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sequencing the typing phage has enabled us to identify the variable genes within each group and to determine how this corresponds to changes in phage type. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The intestinal tracts of almost all birds and mammals, including nonhuman primates and horses, are colonized by E. coli . (zoologix.com)
  • Damage the bowel mucosa with characteristic attaching and effacing lesions mediated by a protein encoded by a gene called the attaching and effacing locus (eal). (zoologix.com)
  • To investigate the response of LuxS01 and wild type strain to exogenously added AI-2, cells from Venetoclax in vitro experiments A and B were harvested in late exponential phase for RNA extraction and microarray gene expression analysis. (hsdpathway.com)
  • Accordingly, the specific aims of this application are: 1) In vitro mechanistic studies on virulence gene regulation by tryptophan derivatives. (grantome.com)