• These treatments induced exceptionally high mRNA up-regulations in one cytosolic group with a low basal expression, indicative for the major heat inducible hsp70 s. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our analyses suggest an independent evolution of the heat-inducible cytosol-type hsp70 s in Paramecium and in its close relative Tetrahymena , as well as within higher eukaryotes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • BiP is an abundant protein under all growth conditions, but its synthesis is markedly induced under conditions that lead to the accumulation of unfolded polypeptides in the ER. (wikipedia.org)
  • When K12 cells are starved of glucose, the synthesis of several proteins, called glucose-regulated proteins (GRPs), is markedly increased. (wikipedia.org)
  • The environmental stress response in all organisms as diverse as pro- and eukaryotes is generally coupled with a remarkable change in gene expression patterns and an enhanced synthesis of several 'stress proteins' [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 5 Since changes in de novo protein synthesis are the basis for glucocorticoid effectiveness, the lack of a modulatory effect on platelet functions is not surprising given that these cells have been regarded as incapable of synthetic activity. (ashpublications.org)
  • The proteostasis network (PN) is an assembly of distinct dynamic molecular pathways that control the functionality of the proteome (proteome homeodynamics) during protein synthesis, folding, trafficking, and degradation. (hindawi.com)
  • Binding immunoglobulin protein (BiPS) also known as 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP-78) or heat shock 70 kDa protein 5 (HSPA5) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HSPA5 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Information about the hsp70 copy number and diversity in microbial eukaryotes is, however, scarce, and detailed knowledge about the differential gene expression in most protists is lacking. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, we have characterised the Hsp70 gene family of Paramecium caudatum to gain insight into the evolution and differential heat stress response of the distinct family members in protists and to investigate the diversification of eukaryotic hsp70 s focusing on the evolution of heat-inducibility. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Comparative EST analyses for P. tetraurelia hsp70 s unveiled a corresponding expression pattern, which supports a functionally conserved evolution of the Hsp70 gene family in Paramecium . (biomedcentral.com)
  • When a HEG is integrated into its recognition sequence in the genome, its protein product acts to cleave its cognate site on the homologous chromosome and gene conversion or homologous recombination can result in a new copy of the HEG being inserted. (plos.org)
  • This result indicates convergent evolution during hsp70 subfunctionalization and implies that heat-inducibility evolved several times during the course of eukaryotic evolution. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Prokaryotic Hsp70 (DnaK) proteins share about 50% amino acid identity with eukaryotic Hsp70s. (biomedcentral.com)
  • GRP78 (HSPA5), also referred to as 'immunoglobulin heavy chain-binding protein' (BiP), is a member of the heat-shock protein-70 (HSP70) family and involved in the folding and assembly of proteins in the ER. (wikipedia.org)
  • A cellular DNA-repair protein, namely O 6 -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) protein, reverses alkylation at the O 6 position of guanine, thereby inhibiting the lethal cross-linking and bringing about resistance to alkylating agents ( 2, 3 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Proteins called guanine nucleotide exchange factors, or GEFs for short, activate the Rab protein by promoting the release of GDP and the binding of GTP. (elifesciences.org)
  • BiP is also an essential component of the translocation machinery and plays a role in retrograde transport across the ER membrane of aberrant proteins destined for degradation by the proteasome. (wikipedia.org)
  • The experiments showed that different amino acids in the active site of the Rab protein are involved when the GEFs mediate the release of the GDP during the activation process. (elifesciences.org)
  • For example, the amino acid glutamine is involved when the Listeria GEF and one of the human GEFs activate the protein, whereas a different amino acid-aspartate-is involved when one of the other human GEFs is responsible for the activation. (elifesciences.org)
  • Eleven putative hsp70 genes could be detected in P. caudatum comprising homologs of three major Hsp70-subfamilies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • All other groups showed comparatively high basal expression levels and moderate heat-inducibility, signifying constitutively expressed genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • BiP's ATPase cycle is facilitated by its co-chaperones, both nucleotide binding factors (NEFs), which facilitate ATP binding upon ADP release, and J proteins, which promote ATP hydrolysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Heat-shock proteins of the 70 kDa family (Hsp70s) are essential chaperones required for key cellular functions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mitochondria have their own chaperones and proteolytic enzymes that remove damaged or unfolded proteins [ 18 - 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • BiP is a HSP70 molecular chaperone located in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that binds newly synthesized proteins as they are translocated into the ER, and maintains them in a state competent for subsequent folding and oligomerization. (wikipedia.org)
  • Due to this high conservation, Hsp70 has been widely used as a suitable phylogenetic marker in molecular evolution. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Together these proteins form a molecular switch that can be turned on and off. (elifesciences.org)
  • By means of oligonucleotide microarray and RNA interference, we reveal that the sensitizing effect of IFN-β was possibly due to attenuation of MGMT expression via induction of the protein p53. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The 70 or so members of the Rab subfamily of proteins perform a wide range of important tasks inside cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Cells express a pool of thousands of different proteins that need to be tightly controlled for proper cellular structure, organization, and function. (hindawi.com)
  • Extensive research on Hsps revealed also a constitutive expression of some members of these proteins, suggesting that they are also essential in maintaining the cellular functions under normal physiological conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The DNA repair protein O 6 -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) plays an important role in cellular resistance to alkylating agents. (aacrjournals.org)
  • SBDβ serves as a binding pocket for client proteins or peptide and SBDα serves as a helical lid to cover the binding pocket. (wikipedia.org)
  • Substrate release and binding by BiP facilitates diverse functions in the ER such as folding and assembly of newly synthesized proteins, binding to misfolded proteins to prevent protein aggregation, translocation of secretory proteins, and initiation of the UPR. (wikipedia.org)
  • Binding to a molecule called GDP makes the Rab protein inactive, while binding to GTP makes it active. (elifesciences.org)
  • The Rab subfamily of proteins is part of the large Ras superfamily, and all members of this superfamily are activated and inactivated in a similar way, with the binding and unbinding of GDP and GTP taking place at a structure called the G-domain. (elifesciences.org)
  • Some of the most important and well investigated Hsps are the members of the 70 kDa heat-shock protein family (Hsp70s). (biomedcentral.com)
  • We found that 3′-UTR choice was important to maximise expression levels, with HEG activity increasing as we employed Hsp70, SV40, vasa and βTub56D derived UTRs. (plos.org)
  • create a human Rab protein that cannot be activated by the GEF from the bacteria that cause Listeria, but can still be activated by its normal human GEF. (elifesciences.org)
  • 22. Heat Shock Proteins: Agents of Cancer Development and Therapeutic Targets in Anti-Cancer Therapy. (nih.gov)
  • We established and validated proof-of-concept cell-based assays in a 96-well format using PROTACS for three therapeutic targets BET family proteins, kinases, and KRAS. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • Simultaneously, the immune system must become anabolic, producing granulocytes, antibodies and acute phase proteins to combat the infection. (frontiersin.org)
  • The data was further validated using specific antibodies to 4 proteins (CA2, GS, CKMT and CRMP2) by western blot (WB) in the same samples used for 2D-DIGE, with additional confirmation by immunohistochemitsry (IHC) using frontal lobe tissue from different HAD and HIV+ non-dementia patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • BiP is a HSP70 molecular chaperone located in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that binds newly synthesized proteins as they are translocated into the ER, and maintains them in a state competent for subsequent folding and oligomerization. (wikipedia.org)
  • Arp2-3 complex binds WASP PROTEIN and existing ACTIN FILAMENTS, and it nucleates the formation of new branch point filaments. (nih.gov)
  • HN - 2006 BX - Arp2-3 Complex MH - Actin-Related Protein 3 UI - D051378 MN - D5.750.78.730.246.750 MN - D12.776.220.525.246.750 MS - A component of the Arp2-3 complex that is related in sequence and structure to ACTIN and that binds ATP. (nih.gov)
  • SBDβ serves as a binding pocket for client proteins or peptide and SBDα serves as a helical lid to cover the binding pocket. (wikipedia.org)
  • For instance, an ELP composition may comprise an ELP domain covalently linked to a small molecule or an ELP linked to a therapeutic polypeptide by a peptide bond (i.e. an ELP fusion protein). (justia.com)
  • Substrate release and binding by BiP facilitates diverse functions in the ER such as folding and assembly of newly synthesized proteins, binding to misfolded proteins to prevent protein aggregation, translocation of secretory proteins, and initiation of the UPR. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using these TUBE assays, we established rank order potencies between four BET family PROTACs dBET1, dBET6, BETd246 and dBET57 based on peak ubiquitination signals ("Ub Max ") of the target protein. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • The results of this SAR study strongly suggest that the mechanism for the leaf-closing activity of 1 would be different from that of methyl jasmonate, and also suggest the involvement of a different kind of target protein which recognizes the trans -isomer of a jasmonate derivative. (go.jp)
  • 25. Intracellular and extracellular functions of heat shock proteins: repercussions in cancer therapy. (nih.gov)
  • 32. Chaperoning the Cancer: The Proteostatic Functions of the Heat Shock Proteins in Cancer. (nih.gov)
  • Named for their ability to increase serum glucose, glucocorticoids have important roles in modifying carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism as well as numerous other physiologic functions. (frontiersin.org)
  • 35. Heat shock protein 25 plays multiple roles during mouse skin development. (nih.gov)
  • HN - 2006(1998) MH - Actin-Related Protein 2-3 Complex UI - D051376 MN - D5.750.78.730.246 MN - D12.776.220.525.246 MS - A complex of seven proteins including ARP2 PROTEIN and ARP3 PROTEIN that plays an essential role in maintenance and assembly of the CYTOSKELETON. (nih.gov)
  • In response to stress in the form of perceived danger or acute inflammation, glucocorticoids are released from the adrenal gland, rapidly mobilizing energy from carbohydrate, fat and protein stores. (frontiersin.org)
  • The large majority of identified proteins were represented in the energy metabolic (mitochondria) and signal transduction pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 28. Differential expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70) in human epidermis. (nih.gov)
  • 38. Forensic application of epidermal expression of HSP27 and HSP70 for the determination of wound vitality in human compressed neck skin. (nih.gov)
  • To date, protein changes directly in the native HIV-infected brain tissue have not been reported. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Skeletal muscle represents the major body store of protein, and can become substantially atrophied under conditions of chronic inflammation. (frontiersin.org)