• FAE ( Fatty Acid Elongation ) like genes take part in the biosynthesis of VLCFAs, growth regulation, and stress responses, and are further comprised of KCS ( Ketoacyl-CoA synthase ) and ELO ( Elongation Defective Elongase ) sub-gene families. (nature.com)
  • In this study, 53 KCS genes were identified in B. carinata compared to 32 and 33 KCS genes in B. nigra and B. oleracea respectively, which suggests that polyploidization might has impacted the fatty acid elongation process during Brassica evolution. (nature.com)
  • The presence of biotic and abiotic stress-related cis-regulatory elements in the promoter region suggests that both KCS and ELO genes might also play their role in stress tolerance. (nature.com)
  • The current study provides a basis to understand the evolution of both KCS and ELO genes in fatty acid elongation and their role in stress tolerance. (nature.com)
  • Sequence and gene expression evolution of paralogous genes in willows. (scilifelab.se)
  • using a redundancy criterion to identify reproducible sequence differences between related genes within gene families. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Analysis of these sequences revealed single base substitutions and single base indels are the most frequently observed form of sequence variation between genes within families in the dataset. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Functional annotation of gene sequences indicate functional classifications are not randomly distributed among gene families containing few or many genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The more recent duplication event in particular would be expected to result in many paralogous pairs of genes differing by relatively few sequence differences, thus complicating gene identification using ESTs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transcriptional activator Islet-Brain 1 (IB1) is disclosed which is involved in the control of the GLUT2 and insulin genes by interacting with homologous cis-regulatory elements of the GLUT2 and insulin promoters, and to materials and methods deriving from this work. (justia.com)
  • Furthermore, nucleotide sequences related to the cluster vanHAX are present in this DNA, suggesting that the prolonged use of avoparcin in agriculture led to the uptake of glycopeptide resistance genes by animal commensal bacteria, which were subsequently transferred to humans. (cdc.gov)
  • Some researchers have proposed that the vanH , vanA , and vanX genes of hospital enterococci may have been acquired en bloc from the actinomycetes ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Many genes encode protein products, meaning that they specify the sequence of amino acids used to build a particular protein. (khanacademy.org)
  • For instance, some genes specify ribosomal RNAs ( rRNAs ), which serve as structural components of ribosomes, or transfer RNAs ( tRNAs ), cloverleaf-shaped RNA molecules that bring amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis. (khanacademy.org)
  • Only two of the 147 genes contain a TTA codon, but some effects of bldA could be traced to TTA codons in regulatory genes or polycistronic operons. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Without doubt, the investigatory work that revealed the DNA sequence that makes up the Human Genome in 2003 has generated a lot of useful information about DNA, genes and chromosomes. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • RNA sequencing experiments indicated that >7000 genes are mis‐expressed in the Mting2‐1 mutant, consistent with its strong mutant phenotypes. (nsf.gov)
  • The yeast ML01 was modified using a shuttle vector containing a chromosome integration cassette with genes for malolactic enzyme, malate transporter (permease), regulatory genes and a sequence directing homologous recombination at a chromosomal locus (not specified in the FDA report), and the antibiotic phleomycin gene was used as a selectable marker via another plasmid. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • After culturing the selected antibiotic resistant lactic-acid producing yeast, a phleomycin-sensitive lactic acid producing strain was isolated and found to contain the integrated malolactic-malate transporter genes. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Meanwhile, synonymous mutations decreasing codon optimality slowed down translation, and were enriched in tumor suppressor genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Comparison with the homologous region of other fibrillar collagen genes has confirmed the existence of a consensus sequence (CATGTCTA-n-TAGACATG) capable of forming a hairpin secondary structure possibly involved in the regulation of collagen biosynthesis. (cornell.edu)
  • Sequence comparison of the chromosomal regions at the 5' end of the pro alpha 1(I) and pro alpha 2(I) collagen genes failed to identify unique DNA elements potentially mediating common regulatory signals. (cornell.edu)
  • The CcpA regulon comprises genes involved in sugar uptake, fermentation and amino acids metabolism, confirming the role of CcpA as a link between carbon and nitrogen pathways. (studyres.com)
  • Using combination of chromatin immunoprecipitation and genome sequence analysis, we detected 55 CcpA binding sites corresponding to 140 genes directly controlled by CcpA. (studyres.com)
  • In order to test this hypothesis and understand the molecular basis for hsp70 expression, we compared basal hsp70 mRNA levels in males and females, and analysed the 5′ and 3′ regulatory regions of hsp70 genes in warm- and cold-climate isochromosomal O 3 + 4 + 7 and O ST lines of D. subobscura. (uab.cat)
  • Using comparative analysis of genes, operons, and regulatory elements, wedescribe the cobalamin (vitamin B12) biosynthetic pathway in availableprokaryotic genomes. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Here we found a highly conserved RNA secondarystructure, the regulatory B12 element, which is widely distributed in theupstream regions of cobalamin biosynthetic/transport genes in eubacteria.In addition, the binding signal (CBL-box) for a hypothetical B12 regulatorwas identified in some archaea. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • In addition, long-read sequencing of one representative XDR ST235 isolate identified an integron carrying multiple resistance genes (including bla VIM-2), with differences in gene composition and synteny from the P. aeruginosa class 1 integrons described previously. (who.int)
  • The mRNAs can carry short sequences of genetic letters that can trigger their own destruction. (elifesciences.org)
  • The mechanisms involved in the stress-induced translation have been investigated for a small number of key transcription factors (for example, yeast general control nondepressible 4 (GCN4) 12 and mammalian activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) 13 ), whose translation is normally inhibited by the uORFs in the 5' leader sequences of their mRNAs. (biorxiv.org)
  • Moreover, recent global ribosome-sequencing (Ribo-seq, sequencing of ribosome-protected RNA fragments) studies have shown that uORFs are a prevalent feature in eukaryotic mRNAs, not limited to these few well-studied examples 19 - 21 . (biorxiv.org)
  • It has long been known that mRNAs carrying a premature termination codon are highly unstable[ 18 - 24 ]. (berkeley.edu)
  • These data define a regulatory mechanism for the difference in amounts of VP6 and NSP1 and provide evidence for post-transcriptional control of rotavirus gene expression mediated by the translational efficiency of individual viral mRNAs. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • A four-nucleotide translation enhancer in the 3′-terminal consensus sequence of the nonpolyadenylated mRNAs of rotavirus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Known as "destabilising motifs", these sequences attract the attention of a group of proteins called Ccr4-Not. (elifesciences.org)
  • It seems that not until the technologies for working with nucleic acids and proteins are better integrated will their researchers be more connected than they are now. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • This type of RNA is called a messenger RNA ( mRNA ), as it serves as a messenger between DNA and the ribosomes, molecular machines that read mRNA sequences and use them to build proteins. (khanacademy.org)
  • Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. (pressbooks.pub)
  • There are 20 different amino acids making up the subunits of proteins (Table 1). (pressbooks.pub)
  • All proteins are made from differing combinations of the amino acids (Figure 2). (pressbooks.pub)
  • Therefore, if you are going to make proteins you need to either make amino acids first (Figure 3) or consume amino acids in your diet. (pressbooks.pub)
  • Proteins are polypeptides of different amino acids. (pressbooks.pub)
  • Proteins or polypeptides are made by connecting amino acids together with peptide bonds. (pressbooks.pub)
  • The yeast released for commercial wine production, ML01, was found to be only somewhat substantially equivalent to unmodified wine yeast, as a cytochrome p450 enzyme protein appeared to have been altered from the parental strain based on a comprehensive analysis of the yeast cell proteins, and a number of codon changes were observed in the inserted malolactic gene cassette, but those changes were not considered significant. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • posttranslational modifications, amino acid variations, computational mutation analysis, protein PTM predictor, network biology Introduction Protein PTMs are biochemical alterations of amino acids that change the physicochemical properties of target proteins, leading to structural changes and therefore regulating protein-protein interactions and cellular signal transduction in developmental and cancer pathways [1]. (deepdyve.com)
  • 7] analyzed amino acid variations of 15 different PTMs and indicated that about 4.5% of amino acid variations may affect protein function through disruption of PTMs, and the mutation of 238 PTMs sites in human proteins was causative of disease. (deepdyve.com)
  • However, it often requires extensive laboratory work and considerable expense to make thousands of variant proteins and select amino acid variations that influence PTM sites. (deepdyve.com)
  • To determine which transcription factors bind to the promoter, we carried out a systematic search for the binding proteins using the 1142 bp Gal-T-II promoter fragment containing both positive and negative regulatory regions in a combination of DNA pull-down assay and transcription factor array analysis. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In other words, proteins translated from different synonymous codons are qualitatively equal but quantitatively different. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is a single stranded nucleic acid, composed of RNA nucleotides . (pediaa.com)
  • If the termination codon is downstream of or within about 50 nucleotides of the final exon-junction complex then the transcript is translated normally. (berkeley.edu)
  • However, if the termination codon is further than about 50 nucleotides upstream of any exon-junction complexes, then the transcript is down regulated by NMD. (berkeley.edu)
  • A mutation is defined as a sing of the DNA damage by the cel by replicating past the unrepaired change in the sequence or number (the DNA damage response), and DNA damage, thereby introducing a of nucleotides in the DNA. (who.int)
  • In Streptomyces coelicolor , bldA encodes the only tRNA for a rare leucine codon, UUA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A specific amino acid is attached to the acceptor of the tRNA molecule. (pediaa.com)
  • The anticodon site of the tRNA molecule is capable of recognizing the complementary codon sequence in the mRNA molecule. (pediaa.com)
  • The specific amino acid carried by the tRNA molecule is attached to the growing polypeptide chain via a peptide bond. (pediaa.com)
  • Then, the translation of the genetic code in the mRNA molecule begins and tRNA molecules recognize the codon sequences in the mRNA. (pediaa.com)
  • When available, the information provided by whole-genome sequencing projects provides an entry into an understanding of genome structure and evolution and gene discovery, and function. (biomedcentral.com)
  • First, Tim Graubert and colleagues describe the whole-genome sequencing of an MDS-derived secondary AML tumor and a matched normal (skin) sample. (massgenomics.org)
  • Among the 48,508 contigs, 3,778 pairs were, based on fourfold synonymous third-codon transversion rates and syntenic positions, predicted to be Salicoid duplicates. (scilifelab.se)
  • By definition, synonymous mutations are those mutations that do not change amino acids, and they usually take place at the third codon positions [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The preinitiation complex then scans along the 5' leader sequence of the mRNA to initiate translation at a start codon 1 - 3 . (biorxiv.org)
  • It has been proposed that ribosome scanning and start codon selection are regulated by elements in the 5' leader sequence, such as RNA primary sequences (for example, the Kozak sequence context), upstream open reading frames (uORFs), secondary structures, and RNA modifications 4 - 7 . (biorxiv.org)
  • Primer extension assay revealed a transcription initiation site approximately 242 bp upstream from the ATG translation start codon. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Beyond the regulatory elements, the only notable difference between both arrangements is the presence in 3′ UTR of a 14 bp additional fragment after the stop codon in the hsp70A copy in five O 3 + 4 + 7 lines, which was not found in any of the six O ST lines. (uab.cat)
  • More specifically, antisense oligonucleotides that are useful as reagents for target validation , or as drugs, are engineered molecules that differ from natural RNA but that have a base sequence that is recognized as being complementary to a very specific mRNA sequence. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • To identify common features shared by transcripts with stress-upregulated translation efficiency (TE-up), we first performed high-resolution ribosome-sequencing in Arabidopsis during pattern-triggered immunity and found that TE-up transcripts are enriched with upstream open reading frames (uORFs). (biorxiv.org)
  • A possible chloroplastic transit peptide sequence was identified upstream of the OsINO1-1 gene upon analysis of rice genome. (uky.edu)
  • 2020 ). The TRS is present at the immediate upstream of initiation codon, where replication/transcription complex is paused (Alexandersen et al. (springeropen.com)
  • The widespread applications of ribosome profiling and ribosome nascent chain complex sequencing revealed that some short open reading frames of lncRNAs have micropeptide-coding potential. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The formation of peptide bonds between incoming amino acid and the existing amino acid is governed by rRNA in the ribosome. (pediaa.com)
  • In a genetic screen for suppressors of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accelerated cell death 6-1 (acd6-1), a small constitutive defense mutant whose defense level is grossly in a reverse proportion to plant size, we identified an allele of the canonical flowering regulatory gene FLOWERING LOCUS K HOMOLOGY DOMAIN (FLK) encoding a putative protein with triple K homology (KH) repeats. (nsf.gov)
  • The evolutionary dynamics that retain long neutral genomic sequences in face of indel deletion bias: a model and its application to human introns. (tau.ac.il)
  • Large scale gene analysis of most organisms is hampered by incomplete genomic sequences. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nucleotide sequences located at the ends of EXONS and recognized in pre-messenger RNA by SPLICEOSOMES. (uchicago.edu)
  • Sequencing of four exons coding for the N-terminal propeptide has determined most of its structure and it has implied the existence of smaller coding units similar to the 11 and 18 bp exons originally described in the avian gene. (cornell.edu)
  • The authors undertook systematic sequencing of U2AF1 exons in 150 MDS cases, and found that 8.7% had mutations at Ser34. (massgenomics.org)
  • The non-coding regions downstream of coding sequences (CDS) is usually termed terminators. (frontiersin.org)
  • Upon stress, phosphorylation of eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2α (eIF2α) decreases the available ternary complex, resulting in reduced translation initiation from the start codons of uORFs (uAUGs) and prolonged scanning of the preinitiation complex to translate the downstream main open reading frames (mORFs) to promote cell survival 12 - 15 . (biorxiv.org)
  • The nucleotide sequence of a gene is transcribed into a messenger RNA molecule by the enzyme, RNA polymerase. (pediaa.com)
  • Nucleotide sequence and expression in Escherichia coli of the gene encoding the nonstructural protein NCVP2 of bovine rotavirus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the simian rotavirus gene 6 that codes for the major inner capsid protein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • 2020 ). According to previous research model, it was suggested that strand exchange or 5′ leader (5′ UTR) sequence to body (RNA) fusion occurs at TRS during negative sense RNA synthesis (Kim et al. (springeropen.com)
  • The availability of multiple PAS in the same 3' regulatory region enables the inclusion or exclusion of 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) sequences, resulting in transcripts that may differ in particularities involving post-transcriptional processes such as stability, transport and translation ( Mayr, 2016 ), and even protein localization ( Berkovits and Mayr, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Complete genome sequence of an Israeli isolate of Xanthomonas hortorum pv. (tau.ac.il)
  • Genome Sequence for Candida albicans Clinical Oral Isolate 529L. (cmu.edu)
  • Synonymous mutations do not change the protein sequences. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, synonymous mutations will change the codon optimality, resulting in altered translational velocity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Synonymous mutations that increase the codon optimality significantly enhanced the translational velocity, and were enriched in oncogenes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Synonymous mutations might play a role in liver cancer development by altering codon optimality and translational velocity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As we know, synonymous codons are not equally used by the genome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Synonymous mutations could switch a rarely used codon to a frequently used codon, changing the codon optimality. (biomedcentral.com)
  • If the optimal codons are advantageous, then the synonymous mutations would be subjected to natural selection as they alter the codon optimality [ 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These striking findings indicated that although the synonymous codons encode the same amino acid, they differ in translational speed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The synonymous codon usage in cancers tends to avoid expensive and low-efficiency codons and prefers to use cheap and high-efficiency counterparts [ 26 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Such reactions employ agents that act by hydrolysis of peptide bonds and the specificity of the cleavage agent is determined by the identity of the amino acid residue at or near the peptide bond which is cleaved. (justia.com)
  • Non-natural oligonucleotides are valuable probes of biological systems, as they can convey synthetic control of endogenous nucleic acids with high sequence specificity. (cdc.gov)
  • RNA molecules which hybridize to complementary sequences in either RNA or DNA altering the function of the latter. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • Recent work, however, demonstrates that a rich organic chemistry can evolve from simple precursor molecules seeded into concentrated sulfuric acid, a result that is corroborated by domain knowledge in industry that such chemistry leads to complex molecules, including aromatics. (bvsalud.org)
  • We aim to expand the set of molecules known to be stable in concentrated sulfuric acid. (bvsalud.org)
  • Some small regulatory RNA molecules can also be found in the cell. (pediaa.com)
  • But these information molecules are much more than their core sequences. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • vi)a nucleic acid sequence according to any of (i) and (ii) which is degenerate as a result of the genetic code. (allindianpatents.com)
  • Many EST libraries were constructed from RNA extracted from various genetic backgrounds, thus gene identification from these sources is complicated by the existence of both gene and allele sequence differences. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this regard, comprehensive studies of the impact of amino acid variation on protein PTMs will be helpful for further understanding of how genetic polymorphisms are involved in regulating biological and pathological processes and providing instructive information for drug development of various related diseases. (deepdyve.com)
  • This is reinforced by the lack of important differential features in the number and structure of regulatory elements between both arrangements, despite the genetic differentiation observed when the complete 5′ and 3′ regulatory regions were considered. (uab.cat)
  • The IB1cDNA encodes a 714 amino acid protein with a proline-rich region and a putative basic helix-loop-helix domain (bHLH). (justia.com)
  • U2AF1 encodes a small regulatory subunit of the U2AF splicing factor. (massgenomics.org)
  • Almost all the amino acids undergo the process of PTMs, except leucine (L), isoleucine (I), valine (V), alanine (A) and phenylalanine (F) [2]. (deepdyve.com)
  • In particular, the use of IB1 nucleic acid, IB1 polypeptides and anti-IB1 antibodies in the diagnosis, and prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of conditions such as diabetes and neurological diseases such as dementia and/or parkinsonism is disclosed. (justia.com)
  • In particular, the present invention relates to the uses of IB1 nucleic acid, IB1 polypeptides and anti-IB1antibodies in the diagnosis, and prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of conditions such as diabetes and neurological diseases such as dementia and/or parkinsonism. (justia.com)
  • They also found that the amplicons were similar in size distribution to the parent cDNA and showed sequence heterogeneity. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • Deep cDNA sequencing demonstrated that both wild-type and mutant alleles were expressed . (massgenomics.org)
  • Gene Ontology enrichment analyses showed that functions related to DNA- and nucleic acid binding were over-represented among the non-differentially expressed Salicoid duplicates, while functions related to biosynthesis and metabolism were over-represented among the differentially expressed Salicoid duplicates. (scilifelab.se)
  • The recombinant yeast softened the wine's 'mouth feel' by decreasing its acidity, and also reduces buttery flavours (diactyl) due to lactic acid secondary metabolism [2]. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Developments in next-generation sequencing and advances in bioinformatics have revealed novel insights into the roles and functions of lncRNAs, including their potential to encode functional micropeptides [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The recent Encyclopedia of studies in the 1950s and 1960s in Escherichia coli and then by DNA Elements (ENCODE) project showed binding of carcinogens to nu- Szybalski (1958) , who tested more indicates that at least 80% of the cleic acids ( Wiest and Heidelberger, than 400 compounds in E. coli . (who.int)
  • 2 − 6 These nuclease-resistant polymers persist in live organisms for days and are typically designed to recognize 25-base sequences that span intron-exon junctions or translational start sites. (cdc.gov)
  • Although a small number of 3' regulatory regions have been identified and validated so far, many studies have shown that plant 3' regulatory regions have a higher potential to regulate gene expression in plants compared to widely used 3' regulatory regions, such as NOS and OCS from Agrobacterium tumefaciens and 35S from cauliflower mosaic virus. (frontiersin.org)
  • This consensus region is present at the adjacent of initiation codon. (springeropen.com)
  • Therefore, in this study investigation of conserved secondary structure pattern was performed nearby the initiation codon/TRS that might be important in pausing of transcription during negative sense RNA synthesis of the SARS-CoV-2 genome. (springeropen.com)
  • SARS-CoV-2 genome has 79.5% sequence similarity with SARS-CoV and only 50% homology with MERS-CoV (Lu et al. (springeropen.com)
  • The original anti-phleomycin plasmid did not contain a sequence allowing it to be integrated into the yeast chromosome and the plasmid was therefore unstable and frequently lost from the yeast cell [1]. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Bioinformatic analysis mapped the chloroplastic MIPS (OsINO1-1) gene on chromosome 3, and a second MIPS gene (OsINO1-2) on chromosome 10 which lacks conventional chloroplast transit peptide sequence as in OsINO1-1. (uky.edu)
  • In addition, about 250 noncoding RNA sequences-including well-characterized long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), such as the XIST transcripts that have a key role in X-chromosome inactivation-are decorated by m 6 A. In almost all cases, the epigenetic mark was found on adenosines embedded in the predicted A/G-methylated A-C sequence. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • A complementary RNA sequence that binds to a naturally occurring (sense) mRNA molecule, thus blocking its translation. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • Highly specific and effective gene silencing of any disease can be achieved by an accurate knowledge of the target mRNA sequence and rational design of its complementary antisense agents for the downregulation of its protein message. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • When tested in vitro, IB1 bound specifically to the GTII cis element of the GLUT2 gene and to an homologous regulatory sequence of the insulin promoter termed RIPE3. (justia.com)
  • The expression vector comes equipped with a sequence homologous with a yeast chromosomal gene. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Comparative sequence analysis of pPATH pathogenicity plasmids in Pantoea agglomerans gall-forming bacteria. (tau.ac.il)
  • Proteomic analysis and prediction of amino acid variations that influence protein. (deepdyve.com)
  • To increase the utilization of current computational resources, we 﫿rst provide an overview of computational prediction of amino acid variations that influence protein PTMs and their functional analysis. (deepdyve.com)
  • Analysis of the promoter sequence revealed a number of potential binding sites for known transcription factors. (elsevierpure.com)
  • EC 5.5.1.4) has been identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of the purified and immunologically cross-reactive approximately 60 kDa chloroplastic protein following two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which exhibited sequence identity with the cytosolic MIPS coded by OsINO1-1 gene. (uky.edu)
  • The 3' regulatory regions have a great diversity of cis -regulatory elements directly involved in polyadenylation, stability, transport and mRNA translation, essential to achieve the desired levels of gene expression. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this review, we discuss the role of 3' regulatory regions in gene expression, and the superior potential that plant 3' regulatory regions have compared to NOS, OCS and 35S 3' regulatory regions. (frontiersin.org)
  • Impacts of uORF codon identity and position on translation regulation. (cmu.edu)
  • Wine making involves alcoholic fermentation via the metabolic pathways of yeast and the malolactic pathway to convert malic acid to lactic acid, to reduce the acidity of the wine. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Malolactic acid fermentation is usually achieved using lactic acid bacteria, which have a permease for malic acid. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • This topic has connections with Nucleic acid structure and DNA replication (in Biological Chemicals ). (biotopics.co.uk)
  • Transcription regulatory sequences have important role in the pausing of replication/transcription and generation of subgenomic RNAs. (springeropen.com)
  • We propose that the differentially expressed Salicoid duplicates are regulatory neo- and/or subfunctionalized, while the non-differentially expressed are dose sensitive, hence, functionally conserved. (scilifelab.se)
  • Important cis-regulatory sequences were identified within this promoter region including a functionally responsive PDX-1 element, a cyclic AMP responsive element, and three cis elements termed GTI, GTII and GTIII (3,36,53). (justia.com)
  • The chemical and physical properties of the side chains provide the functionally important properties to amino acids. (pressbooks.pub)
  • We envisioned that enzyme-activatable cMOs could overcome these limitations, as the triggering enzymes could be expressed in individual cell populations using cis regulatory elements. (cdc.gov)
  • As academia and start-ups are often focused on gathering scientific evidence, the regulatory maze is often regarded by applicants as challenging in the overall pathway to clinical translation. (intechopen.com)
  • Each functional class has a distinctive period of stringent constraint, followed by decays that allow (for the case of regulatory regions) or reject (for coding regions and ultraconserved elements) insertions and deletions. (psu.edu)
  • EvoRator2: predicting site-specific amino acid substitutions based on protein structural information using deep learning Journal of Molecular Biology: 435(14):168155. (tau.ac.il)
  • Thus, amino acids do not assume a neutral form in an aqueous environment. (pressbooks.pub)
  • 87(5): 1663-1667] Specifically, the investigators started by priming whole cerebellar RNA with a synthetic oligonucleotide containing a T7 RNA polymerase promoter sequence. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • This rat insulin promoter element 3 (RIPE3) is an important enhancer sequence sufficient to confer .beta. (justia.com)
  • The amino acid variation S326C of human OGG1 disrupts Ser-326 phosphorylation site and affects susceptibility to a variety of cancers [9]. (deepdyve.com)
  • Primers 16S 440F and 16S 1491R (Table) were ing of glycopeptide antimicrobial agents to their designed to amplify partial 16S rDNA sequences. (cdc.gov)
  • Such EST data form a valuable foundation for the understanding of the gene composition and genomic biology of yet-to-be fully sequenced genomes [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Image modified from ' Nucleic acids: Figure 1 ,' by OpenStax College, Biology ( CC BY 3.0 ). (khanacademy.org)
  • Under non-stress conditions, start codons of these uORFs (uAUGs) have higher-than-background ribosomal association. (biorxiv.org)
  • Because of the prevalence of alternative splicing, researchers would like to know the regulatory mechanisms that control it and the functional consequences of the isoforms that are produced. (berkeley.edu)