Clusters gene expression regulation bacterial. Medical search. Frequent questions

The involvement of some of the genes in the biosynthesis of rifamycin B was examined. (nih.gov)
Disruption of the PKS genes at the end of rifA abolished rifamycin B production and resulted in the formation of P8/1-OG, a known shunt product of rifamycin biosynthesis, whereas disruption of the orf6 and orf9 genes, which may encode deoxysugar biosynthesis enzymes, had no apparent effect. (nih.gov)
As a result, the expression of genes directly involved in colistin biosynthesis and secretion increased, indicating that at the transcriptional level spo0A and abrB played opposite roles in regulating colistin biosynthesis in P. polymyxa . (hindawi.com)
Taken together, our data demonstrated that starch instead of glucose can promote colistin production probably by affecting the expression of colistin biosynthesis-related genes, as well as reducing the repression of glucose to a secondary metabolic product. (hindawi.com)
So far, colistin has been best characterized with respect to its structure and biosynthesis, antibacterial mechanism and bacterial resistance, and toxicity and derivatives. (hindawi.com)
Fink and his students showed that many genes related to amino acid biosynthesis were controlled by a single master regulator-the transcription factor Gcn4p. (genestogenomes.org)
He is director of research at CNRS and, since 2001, is the head of the Laboratory of Bacterial Envelopes and Antibiotics which, for more than 30 years, has been studying the biochemistry, genetics and physiology of the bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan biosynthesis pathway as a whole. (degruyter.com)
For more than 15 years he has been involved in discovery of inhibitors of bacterial cell-wall biosynthesis as potential antibacterial agents. (degruyter.com)
For more than 30 years, his main research interests have been the functional and structural study of the enzymes of peptidoglycan biosynthesis, the determination of the structure of peptidoglycan from certain bacterial species, and the search for peptidoglycan biosynthesis inhibitors that could act as antibacterial agents. (degruyter.com)
Among several EPS-defective mutants, we identified a mutant, SL341P4, with a Tn5-insertion in a gene encoding a putative NDP-sugar epimerase, a putative membrane protein with sugar-modifying moiety, in a reverse orientation to EPS biosynthesis gene cluster. (ppjonline.org)

Some of these have regulatory functions, and others contribute directly to GTA production (e.g. the phage-derived lysis genes) or uptake and recombination (e.g. production of cell-surface capsule and DNA transport proteins) These GTA-associated genes are often under coordinated regulation with the main GTA gene cluster. (wikipedia.org)
The structural genes are first transcribed and translated, and the proteins assembled into empty heads and unattached tails. (wikipedia.org)
Whereas regulating gene expression in multicellular organisms allows for cellular differentiation, in single-celled organisms like prokaryotes, it primarily ensures that a cell's resources are not wasted making proteins that the cell does not need at that time. (pressbooks.pub)
The recent findings deal with how proteins regulate gene expression. (medicilon.com)
Scientists have known a great deal about how proteins that control certain gene clusters get their start-referred to as transcription initiation. (medicilon.com)
However, much less is known about transcription elongation where proteins keep gene expression going through "roadblocks" in the DNA sequence. (medicilon.com)
In this study, we analysed the phylogenetic distribution of the large, widespread NusG family of transcription elongation proteins and found that it includes a cohesive outgroup of paralogues (herein coined LoaP), which are often positioned adjacent or within gene clusters for specialized metabolites," the authors wrote. (medicilon.com)
They cloned the HIS4 locus, yeast's best candidate for an operon and showed that it in fact encoded a single multifunctional protein, rather than multiple proteins under common regulation. (genestogenomes.org)
Launch For all microorganisms well-timed and temporal legislation of gene appearance and its own translation to proteins level is essential for cell proliferation. (immune-source.com)
understand the theoretical basis for laboratory work (cloning, recombinant expression of proteins, protein purification, etc. (tum.de)
In eukaryotic cells, chromatin comprises a complex consisting of DNA, RNA, and proteins where covalent modifications correlate with regulation of gene expression [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Moreover, segmental differences in mRNA stability of polycistronic transcripts may be responsible for differential expression of genes clustered in operons. (unisalento.it)
He started working with the organism as a Yale graduate student spurred by the recent discovery in bacteria of operons-clusters of genes with related function controlled by a shared regulatory element transcribed into a single messenger RNA. (genestogenomes.org)
This finding suggested that eukaryotes were not likely to have bacterial-style operons. (genestogenomes.org)

Gene transfer agents (GTAs) are DNA-containing virus-like particles that are produced by some bacteria and archaea and mediate horizontal gene transfer. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, nucleotide sequences related to the cluster vanHAX are present in this DNA, suggesting that the prolonged use of avoparcin in agriculture led to the uptake of glycopeptide resistance genes by animal commensal bacteria, which were subsequently transferred to humans. (cdc.gov)
Bacteria sense these microenvironments and adapt by up or down regulating the expression of certain genes to influence different cell processes. (the-scientist.com)
Given the high number of virulence factors present in these bacteria, and the niche-specific role many of them play during different stages of the infectious process, gene expression must be finely tuned in order to efficiently coordinate their expression, and also continue to preserve energy pools. (biomedcentral.com)
Post-transcriptional mechanisms operate in regulation of gene expression in bacteria, the amount of a given gene product being also dependent on the inactivation rate of its own message. (unisalento.it)
Together, our findings provide new insights into the effects of parasite scale worms on changes in symbiotic bacteria and gene expression in deep sea mussel hosts. (frontiersin.org)
The upshot is that our discovery expands the basic knowledge of processive antitermination-a type of genetic regulation-and demonstrates that the mechanism is more widespread among bacteria than previously thought," explained co-senior study investigator Paul Straight, Ph.D., associate professor in the department of biochemistry and biophysics at Texas A&M AgriLife Research. (medicilon.com)
Antibiotic production by bacteria involves complex chemistry that is often encoded in a collection or 'cluster' of many genes. (medicilon.com)
They used a gene that encodes for 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in bacteria to characterize the nucleotide sequence of the bacillus from a patient with Whipple disease. (medscape.com)
Non-motile bacteria are more immunogenic due to a lower expression of arnT upon host-cell contact, but do not produce spermidine and are phagocytosed less. (elifesciences.org)
In most gram-positive bacteria, this operon consists of five genes dltXABCD but the involvement of the first ORF ( dltX ) encoding a small protein of unknown function, has never been investigated. (frontiersin.org)
It induces both local effects in the gut, as well as alterations in distant organs through stimuli generated by bacteria, structural bacterial components, and microbial metabolites [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Identification and alignment of the promoter regions of the transcriptional start sites of glycolytic genes revealed strong similarities to the σ A consensus promoter sequences of Gram-positive bacteria. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Where studies of sequence divergence have been done (dN/dS analysis), they indicate that the genes are being maintained by natural selection for protein function (i.e. defective versions are being eliminated). (wikipedia.org)
At the molecular level, it was found that replacement of glucose by starch has enhanced the relative expression level of ccpA encoding catabolite control protein A. Therefore, the repression of starch utilization by glucose could be probably relieved. (hindawi.com)
The expression of abrB itself is negatively controlled by Spo0A, another DNA-binding protein, encoded by spo0A [ 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
MicroRNAs constitute a pervasive post-transcriptional filter on protein or mRNA expression levels that are likely to control developmental timing, cellular differentiation, stress responses, metabolism and proliferation. (mdpi.com)
Interestingly, RNA-seq revealed that G. haimaensis hosts responded to B. pettiboneaei parasitism through significant upregulation of protein and lipid anabolism related genes, and that this parasitism may enhance host mussel nutrient anabolism but inhibit the host's ability to absorb nutrients, thus potentially helping the parasite obtain nutrients from the host. (frontiersin.org)
The findings from this study were published recently in Nature Microbiology in an article entitled "LoaP Is a Broadly Conserved Antiterminator Protein That Regulates Antibiotic Gene Clusters in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens . (medicilon.com)
The other discovery is that this protein is frequently found next to the gene clusters that are responsible for producing antibiotics. (medicilon.com)
Once optimal glycan expression is established, we will use our proprietary Protein Glycan Coupling Technology or alternative membrane vesicle technology to produce much needed, low-cost S. suis and Brucella vaccines. (ukri.org)
To further characterize pathways involved in naphthalene degradation in NaphS2, the draft genome was sequenced, and gene and protein expression examined. (elsevierpure.com)
Genes including the previously characterized NmsA, thought to encode an enzyme necessary for 2-methylnaphthalene metabolism, were not upregulated during growth of NaphS2 on naphthalene, nor were the corresponding protein products. (elsevierpure.com)
All archaeal and many bacterial genomes contain Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindrome Repeats (CRISPR) and variable arrays of the CRISPR-associated ( cas ) genes that have been previously implicated in a novel form of DNA repair on the basis of comparative analysis of their protein product sequences. (biomedcentral.com)
The US11 gene was cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-32a (+) to express His-tagged US11 protein in Escherichia coli. (biomedcentral.com)
In the present study, we obtained a high-level expression of the recombinant US11 protein as well as high titers of rabbit polyclonal antibody specially against US11 protein in HSV-1 infected cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The US11 protein expresses at late times during HSV-1 infection and is one of the late genes of HSV-1 [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The full-length US11 gene, which is composed of 459 bp (base pairs) and predicted to encode a protein of 152 amino acids, was amplified successfully from the HSV-1 (strain F) genome (Figure 1 , lane 1). (biomedcentral.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is a cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) -associated protein which is thought to negatively regulate CDK2 activity by sequestering monomeric CDK2, and targeting CDK2 for proteolysis. (cancerindex.org)
What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
Among these hub genes, Guanylate binding protein 2b (GBP2b) was selected as a key gene for further investigation. (researchsquare.com)
Cellular experimental studies confirm that GBP2b was a novel regulatory molecule that promotes M1 macrophage polarization during M. bovis infection and was also an antimicrobial protein that promotes intracellular bacterial clearance. (researchsquare.com)
Furthermore, gene co-expression analysis and further experiments showed that GBP2b regulates M1 polarization through activation of Toll-like receptor 4 and nuclear factor-κBp65 protein. (researchsquare.com)
One of the few antigens against which mammals develop protective immunity is the highly polymorphic OspC protein, encoded by the ospC gene on the cp26 plasmid. (cdc.gov)
By means of DNA sequencing of a large sample collection of the pathogen from across the United States, we studied the gene for the bacterium's highly diverse OspC protein, protective immunity against which develops in animals. (cdc.gov)
Sjöberg A., Trouw L., McGrath F., Hack E. C. and Blom A. M. (2006) Regulation of complement activation by C-reactive protein: targeting of the inhibitory activity of C4b-binding protein. (lu.se)

Randomly generated DNA fragments from bacterial artificial chromosomes containing two clusters of Hox genes were inserted into a vector upstream of a minimal promoter and lacZ reporter gene. (nyu.edu)
In addition, inspired by Barbara McClintock's work on jumping genes in maize, Fink and his postdocs discovered that yeast transposable elements, known as Ty elements, move around the chromosomes through retrotransposition via an RNA intermediate. (genestogenomes.org)
The functioning of this system seems to involve integration of fragments of foreign genes into archaeal and bacterial chromosomes yielding heritable immunity to the respective agents. (biomedcentral.com)

Many bacterial genomes contain one or more defective prophages that have undergone more-or less-extensive mutation and deletion. (wikipedia.org)

This Special Issue of "Genes" seeks reviews and original papers covering a wide range of topics related to microRNA biology, such as regulation of expression in various disorders (cancer, metabolism, autoimmunity to mention but a few), genetics of microRNAs and their target sites, functional analysis of microRNA function and studies of interactions between microRNAs and target genes. (mdpi.com)
When Fink's career began, the discovery of DNA and the molecular biology revolution had changed little about the study of yeast genetics because there was no method to introduce DNA into a yeast cell, a critical step for tinkering with genes in vivo . (genestogenomes.org)
Lecture: developing chemical fundaments of genetics (DNA, RNA), bacterial genetics, gene expression and regulation, pecularities of eukaryotic organisms. (tum.de)

At least five genes were shown to be essential for the synthesis of AHBA, five genes were determined to encode the modular type I PKS that uses AHBA as the starter unit, and 20 or more genes appear to govern modification of the polyketide-derived framework, and rifamycin resistance and export. (nih.gov)
However this is ruled out because GTA particles typically are too small to contain the genes that encode them. (wikipedia.org)
Although DNA-based surveys for GTA-related genes have found homologs in many genomes, but interpretation is hindered by the difficulty of distinguishing genes that encode GTAs from ordinary prophage genes. (wikipedia.org)
Genomic DNA contains both structural gene s, which encode products that serve as cellular structures or enzymes, and regulatory gene s, which encode products that regulate gene expression. (pressbooks.pub)
For example, in E. coli , all of the structural genes that encode enzymes needed to use lactose as an energy source lie next to each other in the lactose (or lac ) operon under the control of a single promoter, the lac promoter. (pressbooks.pub)
This is because they invariably consist of multi-gene loci which encode several enzymes that synthesise complex glycan structures. (ukri.org)

Putative regulatory genes were also identified. (nih.gov)
Rifamycin production in A. mediterranei is governed by a single gene cluster consisting of structural, resistance and export, and regulatory genes. (nih.gov)
In addition to structural genes required for tylosin production, the tyl cluster contains three resistance determinants and several regulatory genes. (nih.gov)

S. aureus has a vast array of virulence determinants whose expression is modulated by an intricate regulatory network, where transcriptional factors (TFs) are the primary elements. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, we examine the conservation of 135 USA300 TFs amongst 11 other S. aureus strains, identifying a key group of regulators that display a high degree of conservation, including many that have previously been demonstrated to play a role in virulence gene regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
The bacterial pathogens within the RSSC produce exopolysaccharide (EPS), a highly complicated nitrogen-containing heteropolymeric polysaccharide, as a major virulence factor. (ppjonline.org)
These results indicate that the NDP-sugar epimerase gene is required for EPS production and bacterial virulence in R. pseudosolanacearum . (ppjonline.org)
Gene regulatory network inference and gene module regulating virulence in Fusarium oxysporum. (openwetware.org)
Moreover in comparison to NrdR deletion cells overexpressing NrdR demonstrated significantly reduced adherence to individual epithelial cells reflecting reduced bacterial Fesoterodine fumarate (Toviaz) virulence. (immune-source.com)
These outcomes suggest that raised appearance of NrdR is actually a suitable methods to retard bacterial development and virulence as its raised expression decreases bacterial fitness and impairs web host cell adhesion. (immune-source.com)
Results of phylogenetic reconstruction and virulence-related gene contents of the recovered NDC isolates indicated they were likely commensal organisms, though 80.4%(45/56) were not susceptible to erythromycin, and most showed high minimum inhibition concentrations against azithromycin. (cdc.gov)
These results demonstrate the high resolution with which WGS can aid molecular investigation of diphtheria outbreaks, through the quantification of bacterial genetic relatedness, as well as the detection of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance markers among case isolates. (cdc.gov)

Although its basic precursors (3-amino-5-hydroxy benzoic acid AHBA, and acetic and propionic acids) had been established, and several biosynthetic intermediates had been identified, very little was known about the origin of AHBA nor had the PKS and the various genes and enzymes that modify the initial intermediate been characterized. (nih.gov)
In this way, regulation of the transcription of all of the structural genes encoding the enzymes that catalyze the many steps in a single biochemical pathway can be controlled simultaneously, because they will either all be needed at the same time, or none will be needed. (pressbooks.pub)
Her main research interests have been the study of Mur ligases from different bacterial species and the search for inhibitors of these enzymes. (degruyter.com)
His main research interests concern the identification of genes and enzymes involved in this pathway, the regulation of this metabolism, the mode of action of antibiotics and bacteriocins interfering with this pathway and the corresponding resistance mechanisms, as well as the molecular bases for the recognition of bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan by host innate immunity mechanisms. (degruyter.com)
The synthesis of the peptide stem of bacterial peptidoglycan involves four enzymes, the Mur ligases (MurC, D, E and F). Among them, MurD is responsible for the ATP-dependent addition of d -glutamic acid to UDP-MurNAc- l -Ala, a reaction which involves acyl-phosphate and tetrahedral intermediates. (degruyter.com)
The PCR product was digested with Eco RI and Sal I and inserted into pET-32a (+) digested with the same enzymes to yield the recombinant expression plasmid pET-32a-US11. (biomedcentral.com)
Identification, sequence analysis, and expression of a Corynebacterium glutamicum gene cluster encoding the three glycolytic enzymes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, 3-phosphoglycerate kinase, and triosephosphate isomerase. (microbiologyresearch.org)

It is proposed that unique inserts of CRISPR, some of which are homologous to fragments of bacteriophage and plasmid genes, function as prokaryotic siRNAs (psiRNA), by base-pairing with the target mRNAs and promoting their degradation or translation shutdown. (biomedcentral.com)
The association of the cas genes with CRISPR and, especially, the presence, in CRISPR units, of unique inserts homologous to phage and plasmid genes make us abandon this hypothesis. (biomedcentral.com)
For in vitro validation, the RAW264.7 cell line was transfected with GBP2b-specific small interfering RNA and GBP2b plasmid expression vector. (researchsquare.com)

Different GTA types have originated independently from viruses in several bacterial and archaeal lineages. (wikipedia.org)
Homology-based reconstruction of regulatory networks for bacterial and archaeal genomes. (openwetware.org)
Comparative genomics of DNA-binding transcription factors in archaeal and bacterial organisms. (openwetware.org)

Antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens is a major impediment to successful therapy, and in several instances, bacterial strains have arisen that are refractory to most available antimicrobial treatments ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Resistance arises by mutation (influencing the target or efflux of the antimicrobial agent) or by the acquisition of resistance genes (encoding antimicrobial or target alteration, or alternate pathways) ( 2 , 3 ). (cdc.gov)
The actual origins of acquired resistance genes are unknown, but environmental microbes, including the strains producing antimicrobial agents, are believed to be important sources ( 4 , 5 ). (cdc.gov)
Substantial genetic and biochemical similarities exist between resistance determinants in antimicrobial agent-producing actinomycetes and resistance genes found in gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens ( 6 - 9 ). (cdc.gov)
Replacement of D-Ala-D-Ala by D-Ala-D-Lac in the bacterial cell wall results in a thousandfold reduction in the binding of glycopeptide antimicrobial agents to their peptidoglycan target ( 19 ). (cdc.gov)
Antibiotics , also called antibacterials, are a type of antimicrobial drug used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections. (medicilon.com)
Understanding the molecular mechanisms that trigger the production of antibiotic compounds, especially through the regulation of gene expression, could help scientists advance the search for new natural antimicrobial agents. (medicilon.com)
Addition of D -alanine to TAs reduces the negative charge of the cell envelope thereby preventing cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) from reaching their target of action on the bacterial surface. (frontiersin.org)

A gene presence/absence-based classification algorithm was developed, which employs the open-source gene-detection tool SRST2 and a new classification database comprising 36 genes, including capsule loci for serotyping. (biomedcentral.com)
Diet-induced obesity led to altered acetylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27ac) and to altered monomethylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4me1) at numerous loci, with concomitant changes in the expression of genes that were functionally relevant to intestinal cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
Lateral gene transfers resulted in different linkages between the ospC gene and loci of the chromosome or other plasmids. (cdc.gov)

Fink's work in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae led to our deep understanding of gene expression control in eukaryotic metabolism. (genestogenomes.org)

The first GTA system was discovered in 1974, when mixed cultures of Rhodobacter capsulatus strains produced a high frequency of cells with new combinations of genes. (wikipedia.org)
Studies have demonstrated the presence of vanHAX homologs, such as vanH-ddlN-vanX ( Figure 2 ), in actinomycete strains producing glycopeptides, and strong structural and functional similarity exists between the various homologs and the van cluster of VRE ( 8 , 9 ). (cdc.gov)
Even though diverse strains of S. aureus have been extensively studied, and subjected to genome sequencing, the function of a large proportion of their genes remains unidentified. (biomedcentral.com)
Building on excellent preliminary studies expressing the Campylobacter jejuni N-linked pgl glycan, we will combine novel synthetic biology approaches to develop a new platform technology for optimal glycan expression using (i) 'refactoring' of glycan clusters (deconstructing and rebuilding in a tunable modular format) and combinatorial optimisation, (ii) engineered regulation, and (iii) our bank of rationally designed E. coli host strains. (ukri.org)
The unique inserts in CRISPR show virtually no similarity even between closely related bacterial strains which suggests their rapid turnover, on evolutionary scale. (biomedcentral.com)
These genes were identified using a comparative genome analysis of 215 strains belonging to ten human-related Haemophilus (sub)species (training dataset). (biomedcentral.com)
In particular, H. influenzae serotype b (Hib) strains were one of the major causes of bacterial meningitis in children worldwide until the introduction of an effective conjugate vaccine [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Over time, OspC genes were transferred between strains through recombinations involving the whole or parts of the gene and one or both flanks. (cdc.gov)

Therefore, it is important to describe their mechanisms of actions, expression patterns and possible target genes and cellular pathways with which they interact. (mdpi.com)
Botstein is honored for contributions that include developing methods for defining genetic pathways, mapping genomes, and analyzing gene expression. (genestogenomes.org)

We demonstrate that upon hitting a host cell, motile Pseudomonas aeruginosa induce a specific gene expression program. (elifesciences.org)
This results in the expression of spermidine on the surface, which specifically activates the PIP 3 -pathway to induce phagocytic uptake into primary or immortalized murine cells. (elifesciences.org)

The factor responsible was distinct from known gene-transfer mechanisms in being independent of cell contact, insensitive to deoxyribonuclease, and not associated with phage production. (wikipedia.org)
Elucidating the mechanisms controlling gene expression is important to the understanding of human health. (pressbooks.pub)
To express these giant gene clusters requires special regulation mechanisms. (medicilon.com)
Degradation of toluene and 2-methylnaphthalene, and the presence of at least one bss-like and bbs-like gene cluster in this organism, suggests that NaphS2 degrades both compounds via parallel mechanisms. (elsevierpure.com)

As a postdoctoral researcher in Dianne Newman 's lab at the California Institute of Technology, Dar developed a way to track gene activity across the entire biofilm with submicrometer resolution. (the-scientist.com)
2023. The gene regulatory network of Staphylococcus aureus ST239-SCCmecIII strain Bmb9393 and assessment of genes associated with the biofilm in diverse backgrounds. (openwetware.org)

Thus, although most regulation of gene expression occurs through transcriptional control in prokaryotes, regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes occurs at the transcriptional level and post-transcriptionally (after the primary transcript has been made). (pressbooks.pub)
a transcriptional cis regulatory region that when located between an enhancer and a gene's promoter prevents the enhancer from modulating the expression of the gene. (insdc.org)
The major events in the regulation of the host response on a transcriptional level occur within the first 3 days after infection. (biomedcentral.com)
In line with this, RBPJL is able to fully reconstitute transcriptional repression at Notch target genes in cells lacking RBPJ. (uni-ulm.de)

To identify genes in EPS production beyond the EPS biosynthetic gene operon, we selected the EPS-defective mutants of R. pseudosolanacearum strain SL341 from Tn5-inserted mutant pool. (ppjonline.org)
We, therefore constructed an in frame deletion mutant of dltX , without affecting the expression of the other genes of the operon. (frontiersin.org)

Most of this cost arises because GTA-producing cells must lyse (burst open) to release their GTA particles, but there are also genetic costs associated with making new combinations of genes, because most new combinations will usually be less fit than the original combination. (wikipedia.org)
One alternative explanation is that GTA genes persist because GTAs are genetic parasites that spread infectiously to new cells. (wikipedia.org)
Post-genomic analysis techniques such as next-generation sequencing have produced vast amounts of data about micro organisms including genetic sequences, their functional annotations and gene regulatory interactions. (uni-bielefeld.de)
The prokaryote-derived CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is a genetic engineering technique in molecular biology by which the genomes of living organisms, including humans, may be modified ( Ledford, 2015 ). (sciendo.com)
Laboratories that perform biochemical genetic testing are required by CLIA regulations to meet the general quality systems requirements for nonwaived testing and the personnel requirements for high-complexity testing. (cdc.gov)

Gene transfer agents, like defective prophages, arise by mutation of prophages, but they retain functional genes for the head and tail components of the phage particle (structural genes) and the genes for DNA packaging. (wikipedia.org)
The phage genes specifying its regulation and DNA replication have typically been deleted, and expression of the cluster of structural genes is under the control of cellular regulatory systems. (wikipedia.org)

Fink is recognized for the discovery of principles central to genome organization and regulation in eukaryotic cells. (genestogenomes.org)
Comparative-genomic analysis of CRISPR and cas genes leads to the hypothesis that the CRISPR-Cas system (CASS) is a mechanism of defense against invading phages and plasmids that functions analogously to the eukaryotic RNA interference (RNAi) systems. (biomedcentral.com)
There are two major, distinct forms of regulatory small RNAs involved in eukaryotic gene silencing: small interfering (si) RNAs and micro (mi) RNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
The eukaryotic epigenome is postulated to respond to environmental stimuli through alterations in chromatin features and, ultimately, gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)

Here, we compared gill-microbiota, gene expression and host-microorganism interactions in a group of deep sea mussels ( Gigantidas haimaensis ) parasitized by scale worm (PA group) and a no parasitic control group (NPA group). (frontiersin.org)
In an integrated analysis of the interactions between changes in the microbiota and host gene dysregulation, we found an agreement between the microbiota and transcriptomic responses to B. pettiboneaei parasitism. (frontiersin.org)
Given the important roles of the gut microbiome in regulating host physiology and gene expression, a better understanding of the relationship between the host and the symbiont microbiota should provide new insights into human health and disease risk. (biomedcentral.com)

However, the proximity of CRISPR and cas genes strongly suggests that they have related functions which is hard to reconcile with the repair hypothesis. (biomedcentral.com)

In this context, DNA-binding transcription factors (TFs) play an important regulatory role by either repressing or activating genes in response to environmental and physiological conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
2023. Editorial: Role of Transcription Factors and Sigma Factors in Bacterial Stress. (openwetware.org)
Bacterial ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) play a significant role in the formation of dNTPs and their expression is normally regulated with the transcription factors NrdR and Hair. (immune-source.com)

These long chains of genes raise challenges for the molecular machines that decode DNA," Dr. Straight noted. (medicilon.com)
We demonstrate that not only the presence of pathogen inherent molecular patterns induces immune responses, but that bacterial motility is linked to a host-cell-induced expression of additional immune modulators. (elifesciences.org)

however, gene expression in eukaryotes is more complicated because of the temporal and spatial separation between the processes of transcription and translation. (pressbooks.pub)
Fink continued to pursue the question of how eukaryotes regulate their genes, as well as many others that piqued his interest. (genestogenomes.org)

Glucose depletion led to a rapid repression of most glycolytic genes and a corresponding two- to fivefold increased expression of the gluconeogenic genes pps, pck and malE , which are induced by pyruvate, lactate, acetate and/or other organic acids. (microbiologyresearch.org)

The physiological conditions experienced by a microbial community can thus be inferred using meta-transcriptomic sequencing by comparing transcription levels of specifically chosen genes. (osti.gov)
Objective 1: Identify and characterize microorganisms and microbial genes that can reduce trichothecene contamination of grain-based food and feed. (usda.gov)

Understanding the interaction between the gene expression of a pathogen and that of its human host is important for the understanding of a particular infectious disease. (pressbooks.pub)
The proposal will demonstrate the optimum expression of a broad range of glycans including capsular polysaccharides from a Gram-positive pathogen, LPS and an N-linked glycosylation system from Gram-negative pathogens. (ukri.org)
Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) is a soil borne plant pathogen causing bacterial wilt on various important crops, including Solanaceae plants. (ppjonline.org)
The opportunistic pathogen may infect virtually any tissue and has evolved as a model to study bacterial adaptation to the conditions within the human host. (elifesciences.org)
Borrelia burgdorferi , an emerging bacterial pathogen, is maintained in nature by transmission from one vertebrate host to another by ticks. (cdc.gov)

The genes specifying GTAs are derived from bacteriophage (phage) DNA that has integrated into a host chromosome. (wikipedia.org)

These complicated multistep occasions are managed by several metabolic procedures and their inter-regulation. (immune-source.com)

5. Structure and function of Q-type centers in bacterial photosynthetic organisms. (elte.hu)
Monophyletic origin of plastids: plastid, mitochondrial, and nuclear genes are related in the plastid bearing organisms. (elte.hu)

By acquisition of the complete part or a large part of a novel ospC gene, an otherwise adapted strain would assume a new serotypic identity, thereby being comparatively fitter in an area with a high prevalence of immunity to existing OspC types. (cdc.gov)
Acquisitions of OspC genes that are novel for the region confer to recipients unique identities to host immune systems and, presumably, selective advantage when immunity to existing types is widespread among hosts. (cdc.gov)

Meanwhile, based on the panel data from 280 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2013, the paper thoroughly probed into, and discussed, the effect imposed by industry clustering and specialization on the utilization efficiency of urban land. (preprints.org)
2) theoretically speaking, the relation between industry clustering and urban land utilization efficiency presents an inverted-U shape. (preprints.org)
Consequently, strengthening the industry professional development of Western and Central China and small and medium-sized cities, facilitating diversified development of industries in Eastern China and large cities, and accelerating industrial clustering, all of these measures above will be conducive to improving urban land utilization efficiency in China. (preprints.org)

In a proof-of-concept analysis that used 68,000 fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from a healthy donor, Dr. Hindson and colleagues showed that GemCode can be used to interrogate cellular heterogeneity and cluster large immune cell populations. (genengnews.com)

Elucidation of the key genes necessary for anaerobic naphthalene degradation may provide the ability to track naphthalene degradation through in situ transcript monitoring. (elsevierpure.com)
Sample-specific meta-genomic assembled genomes (MAGs) were used as reference genomes to accurately identify the origin of RNA reads, and transcript ratios of genes with opposite transcription responses were compared to eliminate biases related to differences in organismal abundance, an approach hereafter named the "diametric ratio" method. (osti.gov)
Growth in the presence of glucose gave rise to abundant expression of most glycolytic genes, with the level of gapA transcript being the highest. (microbiologyresearch.org)

2023. Comparative genomics sheds light on transcription factor-mediated regulation in the extreme acidophilic Acidithiobacillia representatives. (openwetware.org)

Gene regulation involves a complex web of interactions within a given cell among signals from the cell's environment, signalling molecules within the cell, and the cell's DNA. (pressbooks.pub)
These interactions lead to the expression of some genes and the suppression of others, depending on circumstances. (pressbooks.pub)
In this article we introduce the updated version 6.0 of CoryneRegNet and describe the updated database content which includes, 6352 corynebacterial regulatory interactions compared with 4928 interactions in release 5.0 and 3235 regulations in release 4.0, respectively. (uni-bielefeld.de)
We also demonstrate how we support the community by integrating analysis and visualization features for transiently imported custom data, such as gene regulatory interactions. (uni-bielefeld.de)

All genes involved in glycolysis were coordinately expressed in medium containing glucose. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Hélène Barreteau is assistant professor at the University Paris-Sud, Orsay, and a member of the Laboratory of Bacterial Envelopes and Antibiotics. (degruyter.com)
She joined the Laboratory of Bacterial Envelopes and Antibiotics as an engineer in 2007. (degruyter.com)
Didier Blanot is director of research at CNRS and a member of the Laboratory of Bacterial Envelopes and Antibiotics, University Paris-Sud, Orsay. (degruyter.com)
Under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA) regulations, laboratory testing is categorized on the basis of the level of testing complexity as either waived (i.e., from routine regulatory oversight) or nonwaived testing (which includes tests of moderate and high complexity). (cdc.gov)

Our objective was to determine if CDK2AP1 mRNA expression levels were consistent with tumour-suppressive functions in breast cancer. (cancerindex.org)

A total of 222 resultant fusion genes were separately electroporated into fertilized eggs, and their regulatory activities were monitored in larvae. (nyu.edu)
Here, we profile the gut microbiome and chromatin characteristics in colon epithelium from mice fed either an obesogenic or control diet, followed by an analysis of the resultant changes in gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)

Additional genes that contribute to GTA production or uptake are usually present at other chromosome locations. (wikipedia.org)

We will identify and characterize trichothecene detoxification genes from microbes capable of surviving mycotoxin exposure. (usda.gov)

In the vancomycin producer Amycolatopsis orientalis C329.2, homologs of these genes are present, suggesting an origin for the cluster. (cdc.gov)

ML277 generated lateral clustering and activation of Ras on plasma membrane, followed by augmented MAPK/AP-1 signaling pathway output. (shengsci.com)
Besides recombinations with traces limited to the ospC gene itself, there was evidence of lateral gene transfers that involved (i) part of the ospC gene and one of the two flanks or (ii) the entire ospC gene and different lengths of both flanks. (cdc.gov)

However, the often unpredictable outcome of interventional studies suggests that the current concept of the pathophysiologic events during bacterial meningitis is fragmentary. (biomedcentral.com)

The genes characterized here could be modified to produce novel forms of the rifamycins that may be effective against rifamycin-resistant microorganisms. (nih.gov)

Although the discoverers of GTA assumed that gene transfer was the function of the particles, the presumed benefits of gene transfer come at a substantial cost to the population. (wikipedia.org)
Right here we profile bacterial destiny under circumstances of overexpression and deletion of NrdR in appearance causes a substantial decrease in bacterial development and fitness also at normal temperature ranges and causes lethality at raised temperature ranges. (immune-source.com)

RESULTS: Draft genome sequencing, gene expression analysis, and proteomic analysis revealed that NaphS2 degrades naphthoyl-CoA in a manner analogous to benzoyl-CoA degradation. (elsevierpure.com)
CoryneRegNet is the reference database and analysis platform for corynebacterial gene regulatory networks. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Common origin of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a/b, chlorophyll a/c, and peridinin-chlorophyll antennae (hydrophobic cluster analysis). (elte.hu)
Construction and Analysis of Gene Co-Expression Network in the Pathogenic Fungus Ustilago maydis. (openwetware.org)
However, this analysis requires accurate reference genomes to identify the specific genes from which RNA reads originate. (osti.gov)
In this study, the entire gene expression profiles of M1 bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) induced by interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide, M2 BMDMs induced by interleukin (IL) - 4 and IL-13, M0 BMDMs, and M0 BMDMs after 6 h of infection with M. bovis were subjected to bioinformatics analysis. (researchsquare.com)
Thirteen hub genes were subsequently identified based on connectivity degree analysis and multiple external validations. (researchsquare.com)
Cell Ranger is a set of analysis pipelines that processes Chromium single-cell 3′ RNA-Seq output to align reads, generate gene-cell matrices, and perform clustering and gene-expression analysis. (genengnews.com)
Beyond this time, no differences in global gene expression in infected and control animals were detectable by microarray analysis. (biomedcentral.com)

The vanHAX cluster of Amycolatopsis coloradensis NRRL 3218. (cdc.gov)

In addition, the presence of antibiotic resistance genes within the German dataset was evaluated with SRST2 and correlated with results of traditional phenotyping assays. (biomedcentral.com)

Structure of Co-expression Networks of Bifidobacterium species in Response to Human Milk Oligosaccharides. (openwetware.org)

During productive infection, the 152-kb double-stranded HSV-1 genome is rapidly translocated to the nucleus where at least 80 viral genes are transcribed by the host cell RNA polymerase II (Pol II) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Forty-eight candidate genes associated with M. bovis infection and involved in M1 polarized macrophages were screened. (researchsquare.com)

Intragenic recombination among ospC genes is known, but the extent to which recombination extended beyond the ospC locus itself is undefined. (cdc.gov)

Though originally characterized as an inactive or transcriptionally repressive factor, the NF-κB p50 homodimer has become appreciated as a physiologically relevant driver of specific target gene expression. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy19

Organisms17

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs65

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment40

Phenomena and Processes108

Disciplines and Occupations3

Information Science11

Health Care4

Biosynthesis10

Proteins11

Operons3

Bacteria13

Protein24

Chromosomes3

Genomes contain1

Genetics3

Encode6

Regulatory genes3

Virulence9

Enzymes7

Plasmid3

Archaeal3

Antimicrobial8

Loci3

Metabolism1

Strains8

Pathways2

Induce2

Mechanisms4

Biofilm2

Transcriptional4

Operon2

Genetic5

Structural genes2

Eukaryotic4

Microbiota3

CRISPR1

Transcription factors3

Molecular2

Eukaryotes2

Repression1

Microbial2

Pathogen5

Phage1

Metabolic1

Organisms2

Immunity2

Utilization3

Cellular1

Transcript3

20231

Interactions4

Coordinately1

Laboratory4

MRNA expression levels1

Resultant2

Uptake1

Microbes1

Homologs1

Lateral2

Meningitis1

Microorganisms1

Substantial2

Analysis9

Amycolatopsis1

Antibiotic1

Species1

Infection2

Recombination1

Target gene expression1