Clusters scattering radiation. Medical search. Frequent questions

Compton scattering is one of four competing processes when photons interact with matter. (wikipedia.org)
scattering in H I, and multiple scattering of IR photons by dust), stellar winds, expanding HII regions, and (crudely) supernovae. (essays.se)
In other words, as photons from the CMB travel towards us, and pass near electrons in hot galaxy clusters, the photons gain some energy. (astrobites.org)
In addition to the primordial fluctuation, YTLA can also detect perturbation to the CMB photons by galaxy clusters along the line of sight. (sinica.edu.tw)
The perturbation happens when hot electrons that reside in the deep gravitational potential scatters and transfer energy to the cold CMB photons. (sinica.edu.tw)
The x-ray photons can also interact directly with the spin of the electrons, and so they can scatter off the magnetic structure. (lu.se)

The resulting star formation efficiency is used to predict the fraction of stars that remain gravitationally bound in a cluster following gas expulsion, andwhat fraction escape the central region of the halo, yet remain bound by the dark matter halo. (essays.se)
This effect depends on the number of electrons, but not on distance, and observations of the SZ effect are used to probe characteristics of the galaxy clusters (very large gravitationally bound collections of galaxies) of the early universe. (astrobites.org)
Galaxy clusters are the largest gravitationally bound structures in the present Universe. (mpg.de)

In Compton's original experiment (see Fig. 1), the energy of the X ray photon (≈17 keV) was significantly larger than the binding energy of the atomic electron, so the electrons could be treated as being free after scattering. (wikipedia.org)
Although nucleus Compton scattering exists, Compton scattering usually refers to the interaction involving only the electrons of an atom. (wikipedia.org)
Briefly, the SZ effect is the inverse Compton scattering of radiation from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) off of hot electrons in galaxy clusters. (astrobites.org)
Interaction of the ions with low-energy electrons in merged beams and with laser radiation. (mpg.de)
Experimental work included Thomson scattering on free electrons, and antiprotonic atoms. (mpg.de)
I am collaborating with the research group of Dr. H. Kreckel and Dr. O. Novotny at the CSR, where collisions of internally cold molecular ions with merged beams of electrons and atoms, as well as the internal de-excitation of molecular and cluster ions, are studied. (mpg.de)

Most of these are globular clusters, similar to those found in our own Galaxy. (lu.se)

Compton scattering (also called the Compton effect) discovered by Arthur Holly Compton, is the scattering of a high frequency photon after an interaction with a charged particle, usually an electron. (wikipedia.org)
From this perspective, Compton scattering could be considered elastic because the internal state of the electron does not change during the scattering process. (wikipedia.org)
Or the assumption that the electron can be treated as free is invalid resulting in the effectively infinite electron mass equal to the nuclear mass (see e.g. the comment below on elastic scattering of X-rays being from that effect). (wikipedia.org)
Ne clusters (∼5000 atoms) were resonantly excited (2p→3s) by intense free electron laser (FEL) radiation at FERMI. (lu.se)
We found that the relaxation of cluster surface atoms proceeds via a sequence of interatomic or intermolecular Coulombic decay (ICD) processes while ICD of bulk atoms is additionally affected by the surrounding excited medium via inelastic electron scattering. (lu.se)
The journal encourages contributions in the general area of atomic, molecular, ionic, liquid and solid state spectroscopy carried out using electron impact, synchrotron radiation (including free electron lasers) and short wavelength lasers. (materialstoday.com)
Papers using photoemission and other techniques, in which synchrotron radiation, Free Electron Lasers, laboratory lasers or other sources of ionizing radiation, combined with electron velocity analysis are especially welcome. (materialstoday.com)
He has been responsible for building the beamline FemtoMAX at MAX IV and is a frequent user of Synchrotron radiation facilities (including MAX IV) and Free-electron lasers. (lu.se)
We focus on using scattering techniques to look at the structure and dynamics associated with these strong electron corrrelations, particularly neutron and X-ray methods. (lu.se)

The coherent scattering and imaging (CSI) endstation is the first of five endstations to be commissioned online. (sinap.ac.cn)
It focuses on high-resolution single-shot imaging and the study of ultrafast dynamic processes using coherent forward scattering techniques. (sinap.ac.cn)

Thomson scattering, the classical theory of an electromagnetic wave scattered by charged particles, cannot explain shifts in wavelength at low intensity: classically, light of sufficient intensity for the electric field to accelerate a charged particle to a relativistic speed will cause radiation-pressure recoil and an associated Doppler shift of the scattered light, but the effect would become arbitrarily small at sufficiently low light intensities regardless of wavelength. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, if we are to explain low-intensity Compton scattering, light must behave as if it consists of particles. (wikipedia.org)
At the same time, atmospheric aerosol particles influence the Earth's radiation balance directly by scattering and absorbing solar radiation, and indirectly by acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). (forth.gr)
Included in these works were studies of acoustic properties of the atmosphere and the blue colour of the sky, which he suggested was due to the scattering of light by small particles of water. (todayinsci.com)
We also discuss the case of absorbing particles and report the experimental results for water suspensions of black carbon for both the forward and 90° scattering properties. (springer.com)

Most commonly we use x-ray imaging, inelastic x-ray scattering spectroscopy, x-ray scattering, as well as absorption and emission spectroscopies for studying materials physics and chemistry. (helsinki.fi)
We use European Synchrotron Radiation Facility for advanced studies on the nanoscale and for inelastic x-ray scattering spectroscopy for studies of materials microscopic structure. (helsinki.fi)
Afterwards, the influence of the gravitational noises of our galaxy on long-range order of molecular clusters and super micellar structures in potato and water was analyzed from 2003 to 2018 by the method of gravitational mass spectroscopy. (novapublishers.com)

Herein, we demonstrate real-time visualization of gamma ray and neutron radiation detector data in MR using the Microsoft HoloLens 2 smart glasses, significantly reducing user interpretation burden. (nature.com)
Using a combination of double-scatter events in organic glass scintillators, photo-absorption in CeBr 3 , and pulse shape discrimination (PSD) for particle classification, the H2DPI is able to provide both gamma ray and fast neutron images simultaneously 4 . (nature.com)
To this end, we use a wide range of neutron facilities and synchrotron radiation facilities in Europe and around the world, soon to include the European Spallation Source at Lund. (lu.se)
To measure the effects of high pressure using neutron scattering presents some difficulties, as relatively large samples are required to get a good signal-to-noise ratio, and because the pressure cells generate a lot of background scattering. (lu.se)
We are working with collaborators at KTH (Patrik Henelius) and ESS (Pascale Deen, Malcolm Guthrie, Rasmus Toft-Petersen) to develop new uniaxial and hydrostatic pressure cells, optimized for neutron scattering at the ESS, on a project funded by VR. (lu.se)

In this case, the total scattering and the extinction cross sections determine the single scattering albedo, which agrees with numerical simulations. (springer.com)

Compton scattering is commonly described as inelastic scattering, because the energy in the scattered photon is less than the energy of the incident photon. (wikipedia.org)
Whether Compton scattering is considered elastic or inelastic depends on the specific definition of these terms being used. (wikipedia.org)
The self-interactions, which include both elastic scatterings as well as inelastic processes due to a hyperfine transition, exhibit the right velocity dependence to explain the low dark matter density cores seen in spiral galaxies while being consistent with all constraints from observations of clusters of galaxies. (wisc.edu)

Experimental verification of momentum conservation in individual Compton scattering processes by Bothe and Geiger as well as by Compton and Simon has been important in disproving the BKS theory. (wikipedia.org)
On top of being numerically expensive, these simulations often lack the required sub-parsec resolution needed to resolve the formation of compact star clusters and/or neglect possibly dominant stellar feedback processes. (essays.se)
Oxidative processes in the lens cause proteins to break down and form clusters, creating opaque areas that can lead to vision loss. (jleyespecialists.com)
Scattering processes containing massless partons with very different transverse momenta exhibit logarithmic divergences that limit the applicability of perturbative calculations. (lu.se)

Due to self-shielding of H2 in minihalos, I find that the cosmological Lyman-Werner background is insufficient to produce Pop III galaxies in atomic-cooling halos, with the implication that the number of massive Pop III galaxies/star clusters in the early Universe has been greatly overestimated in the literature that ignores self-shielding. (essays.se)
It follows mountainous clouds of gas and dust carved by winds and radiation from the region's newborn stars, now found scattered in open star clusters embedded around the center of NGC 2174, off the top of the frame. (apod.com)

Multinucleated giant cells, when present, cluster near the disrupted elastic lamina. (msdmanuals.com)

Recognizable features of curved arcs encircling the intense light of dense galactic cores are repeated in virtually all galaxy clusters allegedly claimed to be gravitational lenses. (pinterest.com.au)
This perturbation, called the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect, is directly related to the density and temperature of the hot gas, which traces the underlying dark matter distribution, and is complementary to information derived from X-ray, gravitational lensing, and kinematic observations of the galaxy cluster. (sinica.edu.tw)
Hot gas (with temperatures of 10 to 100 million Kelvin) fills their gravitational potential wells and shines in the X-ray band, making the clusters an easy target for orbital X-ray observatories. (mpg.de)
In relaxed clusters the gas approaches the state of hydrostatic equilibrium, when all thermodynamic properties are aligned along surfaces with equal gravitational potential, making X-ray images smooth and round (see Fig.1). (mpg.de)

X-ray crystallography yields atomic-resolution 3D images of the whole spectrum of molecules ranging from small inorganic clusters to large protein complexes constituting the macromolecular machinery of life. (europa.eu)
We are also measuring hydrogen bonding interactions between water molecules and various functional groups such as nitriles, halogens, and thiols by making and studying size specific clusters. (edu.au)
Experimental quantum dynamics of free atoms, molecules and small clusters using stored and cooled ion beams in low-energy ion storage rings. (mpg.de)

The model can be tightly compared to measurements with single particle extinction and scattering and spectrophotometry and suggests a simple behavior for 90° scattering from fractal aggregates as a function of extinction, which is also confirmed experimentally and numerically. (springer.com)
A. Kuznetsov Full Text: PDF (92 kB) Adsorption-resistant properties of copper phthalocyanine dispersed in a polymer matrix A. E. Pochtennyi, A. V. Misevich, D. I. Sagaidak, and G. G. Fedoruk Full Text: PDF (60 kB) Fractal structure of ultradisperse-diamond clusters M. V. Baidakova, A. Ya. (suny.edu)

Solar radiation is scattered by atmospheric clouds, aerosols and other components at the surface level when it reaches the surface. (solar-energy-connection.com)

We have implemented a flexible Grazing Incidence Small-Angle Scattering (GISAXS) simulation code in the framework of the Distorted Wave Born Approximation (DWBA) that effectively utilizes the parallel processing power provided by graphics processors and multicore processors. (lbl.gov)

Inverse Compton scattering has the opposite effect, occurring when a high-energy charged particle transfers part of its energy to a photon, resulting in an increase in energy (decrease in wavelength) of the photon. (wikipedia.org)
Compton scattering is the most important interaction in the intervening energy region, at photon energies greater than those typical of the photoelectric effect but less than the pair-production threshold. (wikipedia.org)
This reflected emission typically consists of a very hard continuum due to Compton scattering and a bright iron fluorescent line - exactly what was seen from the clouds. (mpg.de)

Since then, in order to meet the needs of renewable energy utilization and climate research, scholars have never stopped studying the complex interactions between solar radiation and the earth's atmosphere and surface. (solar-energy-connection.com)
Figure 1 The solar radiation composition under the action of the earth's atmosphere and the surface, and the schematic diagram of the POA radiation collected by the flat-plate collector (POA = direct radiation + scattering + surface reflection). (solar-energy-connection.com)

In particular, surveys like the South Pole Telescope 2500 deg^2 survey have discovered hundreds of distant clusters, allowing us to trace for the first time the evolution of clusters from shortly after their collapse (z~2) to present day (z~0). (umass.edu)

Atomic, molecular and cluster physics with the cryogenic, electrostatic ion storage ring CSR at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, Germany. (mpg.de)
Atomic, molecular and cluster ions are stored under cryogenic screening of the terrestrial background radiation in extreme vacuum to simulate the conditions in interstellar space. (mpg.de)
It was found that the appearance of molecular clusters in biomatrix and liquid water is not stable, they reflecting the state of the GN in our sector of galaxy. (novapublishers.com)

The galaxy has one of the highest rates of star formation in the thousand galaxies closest to our Milky Way galaxy, and is classified as a Blue Compact Dwarf (BCD) because of the large number of hot blue-white stars in the numerous clusters scattered throughout the southern portion of the galaxy (reddish structures represent hydrogen gas heated by the radiation from those stars). (cseligman.com)
Publications] Tomita, Kenji: 'Clustering of Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies in a Decaying-Particle Cosmological Model with Massive Decay Product' Progress of Theoretical Physics. (nii.ac.jp)
however, on small scales ranging from dwarf spheroidal galaxies to galaxy clusters, dark matter halos have more cored profiles with lower central densities than those generated by simulations. (wisc.edu)

The procedures and techniques used to suppress Brillouin scattering in lasers are also reviewed. (novapublishers.com)

M. Mukovskii and A. M. Ionov Full Text: PDF (95 kB) Electrostriction soliton as a cluster model in the high-temperature phase of a hydrogen-containing ferroelectric M. B. Belonenko and V. V. Kabakov Full Text: PDF (95 kB) Chaotic behavior of triglycine sulfate crystals containing radiation defects A. Yu. (suny.edu)
Our speakers were invited to cover both practical aspects, such as sample preparation and data collection strategies, and computational aspects, relating to the analysis and use of diffraction data from derivatized or anomalously scattering crystals. (iucr.org)

Aerosol spectra can reveal diagnostic information about particle size, temperature and the physical phase as well as provide fundamental optical constants needed to quantify scattering and absorption of radiation. (edu.au)

Grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) is an important technique in the characterization of samples at the nanometre scale. (lbl.gov)

The efforts are focused on the study of fundamental and applied aspects of nanosystems and nanostructured materials, formed using ion and cluster beams. (helsinki.fi)

The project adapted light scattering techniques originally developed by NIST researchers to image surface and subsurface features in inorganic materials such as silicon wafers, mirrors and paint coatings. (phys.org)

Electromagnetic radiation is commonly scattered by interstellar and intergalactic grains of dust. (pinterest.com.au)

Black Tourmaline is the head charm of assurance, a clairvoyant safeguard redirecting and scattering negative energies, substances, or destructive powers. (crystalcandlehub.com)

One challenge in observing the SZ effect with current telescope facilities is that the spatial resolution (the smallest scale that the observations can distinguish) is generally not sufficient to study the details of structures in distant merging clusters. (astrobites.org)
X-ray observations provide us with detailed information on the density and temperature of the hot gas inside galaxy clusters. (mpg.de)
By explaining these diverse observations with the model of asteroids being scattered, breaking up and accreting, I will provide a unified picture of white dwarf planetary systems. (lu.se)
I will calculate the rates at which asteroids are scattered onto orbits that take them within the Roche limit of the white dwarf, and compare these rates to the rates at which material falls onto the white dwarf as inferred from observations. (lu.se)

In the early 19th century, Claude Pouillet first tried to measure solar radiation. (solar-energy-connection.com)
Global Horizontal Irradiation (GHI): The total solar radiation that the hemispherical radiation reaches down to the horizontal surface, measured with an unshielded pyranometer. (solar-energy-connection.com)
The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) provides detailed solar radiation composition measurement guidelines, including measurement practices, instrument specifications and operating procedures. (solar-energy-connection.com)
The three solar radiation components are interrelated. (solar-energy-connection.com)
The time change graph in Figure 2 illustrates the changes in solar radiation components over time under clear and cloudy conditions. (solar-energy-connection.com)
Based on these three solar radiation components, the solar radiation that may be received by a collector in any direction can be estimated, that is, "POA radiation" (Perez & Stewart, 1986). (solar-energy-connection.com)
Therefore, the use of a total pyrometer to determine the solar radiation of the flat panel POA can greatly reduce the uncertainty of the data. (solar-energy-connection.com)
Because the observation angles of CPV and CSP collectors are narrow, the POA solar radiation they receive can be measured through DNI. (solar-energy-connection.com)
C=DHI) to measure the time change of solar radiation and the corresponding daytime sky picture (Golden , Colorado, July 19, 2012). (solar-energy-connection.com)
Solar energy resource forecasting and evaluation must consider the uncertainty of solar radiation measurement and model estimation in the process of project design and application. (solar-energy-connection.com)
The uncertainty in the simulated solar radiation data depends on the methodology and basic input data, but the input data should be larger than the measured data used to develop and verify the solar radiation model. (solar-energy-connection.com)

Stellar winds from clusters of newborn stars scattered throughout the cloud etched all of the well-defined ridges and cavities. (nasa.gov)

We also detect a higher oligomer that appears to be a subcritical nucleation cluster of 3-5 decamers. (lu.se)

Radiation Research Radiation Research, 186(5): 520-530 (2016). (usherbrooke.ca)
Radiation Physics and Chemistry 128, 36-43 (2016). (usherbrooke.ca)

The method relies on differences in the way surface and subsurface features of various materials scatter light. (phys.org)
The imaging process involves illuminating a sample with polarized light, which has its electric field oriented in a particular direction, and using a digital camera with a rotating polarization filter to image the light scattered from the sample. (phys.org)
Researchers manipulated the polarization to minimize light scattered from the rough skin surface, and positioned the light source in multiple locations to separate out, and delete, light scattered more than one time from deeper sample layers. (phys.org)
The new method minimizes the effects of two types of unwanted light scattering at once, and thus, if confirmed by other methods, might someday be used in a clinical setting to produce more detailed images of deeper layers of skin. (phys.org)
There are three pillars to the Big Bang: the expansion of the universe, the light element abundances and the primeval fireball radiation. (gresham.ac.uk)
A clear fact: no region in interstellar and intergalactic space is free of light scattering. (pinterest.com.au)
He also published Heat as a Mode of Motion (1863), On Radiation (1865), followed by Sound, then in 1870 he published Light . (todayinsci.com)
Robin Owen (Diamond Light Source) dissected the effect of radiation- and/or derivatization induced structural changes by carefully inspecting the effects on individual reflections. (iucr.org)
As a result, the lens scatters light rather than transmitting it. (jleyespecialists.com)
In views of this evocative object in visible light the core of the nebula is completely hidden behind obscuring dust, but in this VISTA view, taken in infrared light, the cluster of very young stars at the object's heart is revealed. (lu.se)

Afin d'étudier ces phénomènes et leurs rôles dans les dommages induits par le rayonnement aux cellules, nous avons utilisé et adapté des techniques expérimentales provenant des domaines de la science des surfaces et des collisions atomiques en phase gazeuse. (usherbrooke.ca)
Anna is a Professor at the Division of Physical Chemistry at Lund University specializing on biocolloids studied by scattering techniques. (lu.se)

Having last been discussed at a CCP4 Study Weekend in 2009 ( //journals.iucr.org/d/issues/2010/04/00/ ), radiation damage as a major problem in experimental phasing was highlighted in the first session of the second day. (iucr.org)

In addition, I will attempt summarize the current state of galaxy cluster surveys and briefly discuss the potential of next-generation surveys. (umass.edu)

this applies especially to particle sizes close to the radiation wavelength (Nousiainen et al. (springer.com)
It is an interferometer operating at 3mm wavelength to study arcminute-scale fluctuation in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. (sinica.edu.tw)

The International Workshops on Radiation Imaging Detectors are held yearly and provide an international forum for discussing current research and developments in the area of position sensitive detectors for radiation imaging, including semiconductor, gas and scintillator-based detectors. (cern.ch)

Furthermore, the interaction between dark matter and dark radiation suppresses the matter power spectrum at small scales, resulting in minimum halo masses that are significantly larger than those typically predicted by CDM. (wisc.edu)

For both cases, cluster excitations relax to atomic states prior to ICD, showing that this kind of ICD is rather. (lu.se)

A session on radiation damage was included to remind experimentalists of the unavoidable side effects of using X-rays for diffraction data collection, while a final session on evolving methods provided a forum for ideas for (perhaps) solving the phase problem employing unconventional approaches. (iucr.org)

Schematic illustration of gas density distribution in a spherically symmetric cluster in perfect hydrostatic equilibrium (v=0, top) and in a slightly disturbed cluster (v ≠ 0, middle). (mpg.de)

This course is about the electronic properties of materials and contains lectures about scattering, transport in metals, phonons and superconductivity. (oercommons.org)

The degree of polarization is sensitive to the scattering angle, while the orientation of the polarization plane is perpendicular to the direction towards the primary source. (mpg.de)

In the paper, the electromagnetic scattering (EM) from a one-dimensional (1-D) perfectly electric conducting (PEC) randomly rough sea surface with large windspeed is investigated by the iterative physical optics (IPO) algorithm. (jpier.org)

These stratified and stable atmospheres of cluster gas bear much similarity to the Earth's atmosphere or to water in the oceans where cold and dense material tends to be below hotter and lighter material due to the combined action of gravity and buoyancy. (mpg.de)

Energy consumption is quickly becoming one of the primary bottlenecks of compute clusters and supercomputers. (sbir.gov)
The DOE is a primary developer and consumer of these power hungry supercomputers, however smaller cluster machines are also widely used through other government agencies and industries. (sbir.gov)
The group has in its disposal computer clusters located at the Kumpula campus area and the supercomputers at the Finnish IT center for science, CSC. (helsinki.fi)

X-ray image of the Coma cluster as seen with Chandra observatory. (mpg.de)

We measure the expansion directly back in time to when galaxy separations were a third of their present value, and we infer the associated increase in temperature of the radiation to when the observable universe was a thousandth of its present size, 380,000 years after the beginning of the expansion. (gresham.ac.uk)
Both the density and the temperature of the gas in clusters is routinely measured using X-ray data, while it is notoriously difficult to directly measure the turbulent motion of the gas via the Doppler shift of X-ray lines. (mpg.de)
Since the information on the turbulent gas velocities would have profound implications for the mass determination of clusters and for determining the plasma microphysics, new approaches have been developed to indirectly measure the gas velocities using existing X-ray data. (mpg.de)

It looks like this star just might be the magnificent luminary of a small cluster, or else we are just seeing some sort of photographic scatter or flaw. (apod.com)
The cluster analysis showed slight correlations in three small sets of census tracts, but these were far from the sources of contamination. (bvsalud.org)
In clusters these waves are creating perturbations in the gas density that are visible in X-ray images as small-scale fluctuations of the surface brightness relative to a smooth global model. (mpg.de)
Funduscopic findings may include ischemic optic neuritis with pallor and edema of the optic disk, scattered cotton-wool patches, and small hemorrhages. (msdmanuals.com)
Fundamental progress in these diverse fields and small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) studies (Lafont must ultimately be based on a quantitative understanding of et al. (lu.se)

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