Clinical clostridium tetani. Medical search. Frequent questions

Clostridium tetani is classified within the genus Clostridium, a broad group of over 150 species of Gram-positive bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
Tetanus is an infection of the nervous system with a type of bacteria that is potentially deadly, called Clostridium tetani (C tetani) . (adam.com)
The spores become active bacteria that spread in the body and make a poison called tetanus toxin (also known as tetanospasmin). (adam.com)
This is true only if the nail is dirty and has the tetanus bacteria on it. (adam.com)
In 1884, Arthur Nicolaier was the first to isolate tetanus toxin (strychnine) from free-living, anaerobic soil bacteria. (pediatriconcall.com)
2 Kitasato Shibasaburo first isolated Clostridium tetani from humans in 1891 later demonstrated how the bacteria produced disease when subjected to animals and also demonstrated the neutralization of toxin by specific antibodies. (pediatriconcall.com)
Tetanus is caused by a bacteria called Clostridium. (ddtpsod.com)
A number of Clostridium and Bacillus species are among these endospore-forming bacteria. (risingacademy.org)
Bacteria causing tetanus are found in soil and human and animal faeces. (sa.gov.au)
A tetanus shot protects the body from the type of bacteria - Clostridium tetani - that cause tetanus. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Tetanus-causing bacteria are common and can enter the body in a variety of ways. (medicalnewstoday.com)
C. tetani bacteria exist nearly everywhere in the environment, and they can pose a threat when they enter the bloodstream. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In addition, germs can also penetrate Clostridium tetani , or tetanus-carrying bacteria. (thenewsteller.com)
In general, the occurrence of the bacteria in the soil and the frequency of tetanus in humans and horses are higher in the warmer parts of the various continents. (merckvetmanual.com)
e.g., in the case of tetanus caused by the bacteria clostridium tetani, a deficiency of calcium leads to muscle spasms. (healthystripe.com)
Clostridium bacteria that cause infant botulism usually thrive in soil and dust. (stalliontimes.com)
Actually the monumental breakthrough in clinical medicine began on the morning of Friday 28 September 1928, when Scottish microbiologist and pharmacologist Alexander Fleming, returning from a holiday, and cleaning up his laboratory, noticed that one of the petri dishes he used to grow staphylococcus bacteria had been contaminated by a spore, which had killed all the bacteria surrounding it. (medium.com)
In the cases of botulism, diphtheria and tetanus, the main objective of immunotherapy is to neutralize toxins, but also to opsonize the bacteria, promoting complement-dependent bacteriolysis. (biomedcentral.com)
Tetanus, also known as lockjaw, manifests when the tetanus bacteria proliferate in the wound producing a potent neurotoxin (tetanospasmin) that attacks the nerves in control of muscles. (system-sat.de)
Rarely, tetanus can be acquired after ingesting the toxin released from bacteria in contaminated feeds. (bonitapetcareanimalhospital.com)

If inoculated into a wound, C. tetani can grow and produce a potent toxin, tetanospasmin, which interferes with motor neurons, causing tetanus. (wikipedia.org)
Tetanospasmin ("tetanus toxin") is one of the most potent toxins known, with an estimated lethal dose less than 2.5 nanograms per kilogram of body weight, and is responsible for the symptoms of tetanus. (wikipedia.org)
This is made commercially by growing large quantities of C. tetani in fermenters, then purifying the toxin and inactivating in 40% formaldehyde for 4-6 weeks. (wikipedia.org)
C. tetani was toxin produced by Clostridium tetani . (cdc.gov)
The bacterium isolated from this lesion, and the tetanus toxin gene was is diffi cult to isolate, and no pathologically characteristic detected by PCR. (cdc.gov)
thus, tetanus diagnosis toxin activity. (cdc.gov)
In 1897, Edmond Nocard demonstrated the protective effect of passively transferred antitoxin, and passive immunization in humans was used for treatment and prophylaxis during World War I. A method for inactivating tetanus toxin with formaldehyde was developed in the early 1920s. (cdc.gov)
Tetanospasmin, also referred to as tetanus toxin, acts at several sites within the central nervous system, including peripheral motor end plates, the spinal cord, and the brain, and in the sympathetic nervous system. (cdc.gov)
The typical clinical manifestations of tetanus are caused when tetanus toxin interferes with the release of neurotransmitters, blocking inhibitor impulses. (cdc.gov)
The clinical signs of tetanus are a result of toxin production, and include muscle stiffness and rigidity, third eyelid prolapse, stiff legs and 'sawhorse' stance, nostril flare, and lockjaw. (ufl.edu)
Tetanus toxin (TT) is responsible for spastic paralysis observed in tetanus. (bvsalud.org)
Tetanus is a disease of the nervous system caused by a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium tetani . (sa.gov.au)
Tetanus is a toxic reaction a specific poison (toxin) that blocks transmission of inhibitory nerve signals to muscles. (merckvetmanual.com)
The toxin is produced by the bacterium Clostridium tetani in dead tissue. (merckvetmanual.com)
Treatment is a combination of supportive therapy, tetanus anti-toxin and medications such as antibiotics. (fullcircleequineservice.com)
Botulism is a rapidly fatal motor paralysis caused by ingestion or in vivo production of the toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum types A-G. The spore-forming anaerobic organism proliferates in decomposing animal tissue and sometimes in plant material. (merckvetmanual.com)
C. tetani produce a toxin called tetanospasmin that blocks specific nerve transmitters which normally allow muscles to relax after constriction. (bonitapetcareanimalhospital.com)
Second, any unbound toxin remaining in the animal must be captured and eliminated using Tetanus antitoxin injections. (bonitapetcareanimalhospital.com)
Botulism is a neuroparalytic illness resulting from the action of a potent toxin produced by the organism Clostridium botulinum . (cdc.gov)

Vegetative cells of Clostridium tetani are usually rod-shaped and up to 2.5 μm long, but they become enlarged and tennis racket- or drumstick-shaped when forming spores. (wikipedia.org)
C. tetani spores are extremely hardy and can be found globally in soil or in the gastrointestinal tract of animals. (wikipedia.org)
C. tetani spores are extremely hardy and are resistant to heat, various antiseptics, and boiling for several minutes. (wikipedia.org)
In deep wounds, such as those from a puncture or contaminated needle injection the combination of tissue death and limited exposure to surface air can result in a very low-oxygen environment, allowing C. tetani spores to germinate and grow. (wikipedia.org)
Clostridium tetani produces spores that can survive for years in the environment. (ufl.edu)
Spores of the bacterium C tetani are found in the soil, and in animal feces and mouth (gastrointestinal tract). (adam.com)
You can get tetanus infection when the spores enter your body through an injury or wound. (adam.com)
Tetanus results from contamination of wounds or lacerations with Clostridium tetani spores from the environment. (mayocliniclabs.com)
Tetanus bacilli form durable spores that occur in soil and animal feces and remain viable for years. (msdmanuals.com)
Bacterial spores found in soil can enter the body through skin disruption, with subsequent onset of clinical illness ranging from 3 to 21 days (usually within 8 days). (medihelp.life)
Tetanus is acquired through exposure to the spores of the bacterium Clostridium tetani, which is universally present in the environment. (who.int)

It was caused by a specific neurotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani in necrotic tissue. (ojafr.com)
Tetanus is acute poisoning resulting from a neurotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani . (msdmanuals.com)
Tetanus in Animals Tetanus is caused by the neurotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani , which is found in soil and intestinal tracts and usually introduced into tissues through deep puncture wounds. (merckvetmanual.com)
Botulism is an acute neurologic disorder that causes potentially life-threatening paralysis due to a neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum or related species ( C baratii and C. butyricum) . (medscape.com)

The function of tetanolysin is unclear, although it may help C. tetani to establish infection within a wound. (wikipedia.org)
Damage from C. tetani infection is generally prevented by administration of a tetanus vaccine consisting of tetanospasmin inactivated by formaldehyde, called tetanus toxoid. (wikipedia.org)
Immunization usually protects against tetanus infection for 10 years. (adam.com)
If you have been injured outside or in any way that makes contact with soil likely, contact your provider about your risk of getting a tetanus infection. (adam.com)
Cephalic tetanus generally follows head injury or develops with infection of the middle ear. (medscape.com)
Neonatal tetanus (tetanus neonatorum) is generalized tetanus that results from infection of a neonate. (medscape.com)
To have better insights into this complex infectious disease, the current mini-review illustrates a brief description of tetanus and its history, latest statistics, and its types followed by pathogenesis which includes causes, and mechanisms of infection. (pediatriconcall.com)
Further understanding of the disease by research communities will help in eradicating tetanus and also equipped clinicians with a better management approach against this deadly infection which is simply much more complex to be understood. (pediatriconcall.com)
Tetanus is a type of infection disorder that demands immediate attention and treatment. (pediatriconcall.com)
Infection may also develop postpartum in the uterus (maternal tetanus) and in a neonate's umbilicus (tetanus neonatorum) as a result of unsanitary delivery and umbilical cord care practices. (msdmanuals.com)
Immediate and proper wound care can prevent tetanus infection. (medlineplus.gov)
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) , tetanus symptoms usually develop within 14 days of the infection. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Many studies have demonstrated that honey has antibacterial activity in vitro, and a small number of clinical case studies have shown that application of honey to severely infected cutaneous wounds is capable of clearing infection from the wound and improving tissue healing. (visit-now.net)
Furthermore, honey encourages manufacturing hydrogen peroxide in the injury through the activity of a chemical glucose oxidase which helps you fend off infection by obligating anaerobes, particularly Clostridium tetani, which is responsible for tetanus, the feared complication of incorrectly treated wounds. (udyamoldisgold.com)
Furthermore, honey encourages the production of hydrogen peroxide in the wound through the activity of an enzyme glucose oxidase which helps to fend off infection by obligate anaerobes, particularly Clostridium tetani that is responsible for tetanus, a feared complication of improperly treated wounds. (stalliontimes.com)
This infection is caused by a bacterium called Clostridium tetani, and the effect is truly horrifying. (medium.com)
Tetanus causes painful muscle spasms and a cramping of the jaw - hence the common name "lockjaw" for the infection. (medium.com)
It requires an established C. tetani infection that facilitates tetanospasmin delivery into the surrounding tissues. (bonitapetcareanimalhospital.com)
The symptoms of Tetanus can vary depending upon the size of the infection and the size of the horse. (bonitapetcareanimalhospital.com)

Instead, tetanus is often treated with tetanus immune globulin to bind up circulating tetanospasmin. (wikipedia.org)
She was hospitalized and given tetanus immune globulin (TIG). (mn.us)
Treatment is with human tetanus immune globulin and intensive support. (msdmanuals.com)
Tetanus immune globulin (3,000 units) and diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) were administered for presumed tetanus. (medihelp.life)

Tetanus often begins with mild spasms in the jaw muscles (lockjaw). (adam.com)
Patients with generalized tetanus present with trismus (ie, lockjaw) in 75% of cases. (medscape.com)
Tetanus, or lockjaw, is a medical emergency that can be prevented by vaccination. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Tetanus is also known as lockjaw because a common symptom is jaw cramping or tightening, which can limit a person's ability to eat or breathe. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Clostridium tetani can be grown on various anaerobic growth media such as thioglycolate media, casein hydrolysate media, and blood agar. (wikipedia.org)
The C. tetani bacterium is a spore-forming, gram-positive, slender, anaerobic rod. (cdc.gov)
Tetanus is caused by Clostridium tetani , an anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium. (ufl.edu)
Overview of Clostridial Infections Clostridia are spore-forming, gram-positive, anaerobic bacilli present widely in dust, soil, and vegetation and as normal flora in mammalian gastrointestinal tracts. (msdmanuals.com)

Clostridium tetani is a common soil bacterium and the causative agent of tetanus. (wikipedia.org)
While C. tetani is frequently benign in the soil or in the intestinal tracts of animals, it can sometimes cause the severe disease tetanus. (wikipedia.org)
Congestion of the visceral organs and vaccinating all monkeys, disinfecting housing areas/play pulmonary edema were noted, but there were no fi ndings equipment, replacing highly C. tetani -contaminated soil, to suggest poisoning, such as foreign bodies in the stomach and conducting epidemiologic surveys. (cdc.gov)
During the same year, tetanus was produced in animals by injecting them with samples of soil. (cdc.gov)
In the spore form, C tetani can remain inactive in the soil. (adam.com)
Through attacking humans, these soil-dwelling microorganisms cause major clinical consequences. (risingacademy.org)
Although tetanus occurs worldwide, there are some areas, such as the northern Rocky Mountain section of the United States, where the organism is rarely found in the soil and where tetanus is almost unknown. (merckvetmanual.com)
Clostridium tetani is found in soil and intestinal tracts. (merckvetmanual.com)
Clostridium tetani is a spore-forming bacterium common in soil and manure that is responsible for the very painful and potentially fatal disease Tetanus. (bonitapetcareanimalhospital.com)

Tetanus is a non-contagious disease caused by a bacterium - Clostridium tetani. (system-sat.de)

Also contact your provider if your children have not been immunized, or if you are unsure of your tetanus immunization (vaccine) status. (adam.com)
In first world countries, tetanus is prevented by childhood immunization and periodic vaccination every ten years. (medium.com)
Three doses of DAPTACEL constitute a primary immunization course for diphtheria and tetanus. (drugs.com)
The fourth and fifth doses are boosters for diphtheria and tetanus immunization. (drugs.com)
12-15 The cultural diversity of childbirth practices and cord management, untrained birth attendants, uneducated parents, poor antenatal care and lack of immunization against tetanus have also been associated with the disease. (who.int)

Tetanus is an acute, often fatal, disease caused by an exotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium tetani . (cdc.gov)
Tetanus is an acute neuromuscular disease caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani . (medihelp.life)
Tetanus is caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani. (fullcircleequineservice.com)

Vaccination is recommended for all horses for tetanus, encephalomyelitis, rabies, and West Nile virus. (ufl.edu)
You have not received a tetanus booster (vaccine) within 10 years or you are not sure of your vaccination status. (adam.com)
From 1995 to 1997, 54% of the reported cases in the United States had an unknown tetanus vaccination history, 22% had no known previous tetanus vaccination, 9% had 1 previous dose, 3% had 2, 3% had 3, and 9% had 4 or more. (medscape.com)
Despite extensive review of the risks and benefits of tetanus vaccination by physicians, the family declined the second dose of DTaP and any other recommended immunizations. (medihelp.life)
Clostridium tetani produces a potent neurotoxin, the tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) that is responsible for the worldwide neurological disease tetanus, but which can be efficiently prevented by vaccination with tetanus toxoid. (pasteur.fr)
Cases with appropriate vaccination prior to development of tetanus were rare, but had improved outcome and shorter hospitalization. (uu.nl)
Adults who have never received a tetanus vaccination should get a Tdap shot. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In general, the CDC recommend receiving tetanus vaccination every 10 years. (medicalnewstoday.com)

As C. tetani grows at the wound site, it releases the toxins tetanolysin and tetanospasmin as cells lyse. (wikipedia.org)
C. tetani produces two exotoxins, tetanolysin and tetanospasmin. (cdc.gov)
Tetanospasmin is a neurotoxin and causes the clinical manifestations of tetanus. (cdc.gov)
Tetanospasmin attaches to peripheral nerve endings and travels to the central nervous system where it blocks inhibitory impulses to motor neurons and leads to severe, spastic muscle contractions, a classic characteristic of tetanus. (mayocliniclabs.com)

Botulism is an acute severe neuroparalytic disease caused by bacterial exotoxins produced by distinct strains of Clostridium , mainly Clostridium botulinum . (biomedcentral.com)
welchii] Enteritis necroticans 005.3 Food poisoning due to other Clostridia 005.4 Food poisoning due to Vibrio parahaemolyticus 005.8 Other bacterial food poisoning Food poisoning due to Bacillus cereus Excludes: salmonella food poisoning (003. (cdc.gov)

This cluster includes other pathogenic Clostridium species such as C. botulinum and C. perfringens. (wikipedia.org)
005.0 Staphylococcal food poisoning Staphylococcal toxaemia specified as due to food 005.1 Botulism Food poisoning due to Clostridium botulinum 005.2 Food poisoning due to Clostridium perfringens [Cl. (cdc.gov)

C. tetani usually enters the body through a wound. (cdc.gov)
A wound management algorithm for preventing tetanus is posted on the MDH website at Summary Guide to Tetanus Prophylaxis in Routine Wound Management . (mn.us)
The initial manifestation may be local tetanus, in which the rigidity affects only 1 limb or area of the body where the clostridium-containing wound is located. (medscape.com)
Localized tetanus involves an extremity with a contaminated wound and is of highly variable severity. (medscape.com)
Tetanus can result from any kind of wound, even a small one, but it is most frequently associated with puncture or wire wounds in the feet or muscles, surgical wounds, and exposed tissue, such as the umbilicus of foals or the reproductive tracts of mares that have recently foaled. (fullcircleequineservice.com)
A diagnosis is made based upon clinical symptoms, the presence of a wound, and unvaccinated status. (bonitapetcareanimalhospital.com)

The DTaP vaccine is a 3-in-1 vaccine that protects against diphtheria , pertussis , and tetanus. (adam.com)
A vaccine can prevent tetanus. (medlineplus.gov)
Protection against tetanus is provided by a tetanus-containing vaccine which is given in combination with other vaccines as part of routine childhood immunisation . (sa.gov.au)
The first dose of tetanus vaccine, in combination with other vaccines, is now recommended to be given at 6 weeks of age. (sa.gov.au)
For adolescents and adults, the combined diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (dTpa) vaccine is preferred, if not given previously, as it will also provide protection against whooping cough (pertussis). (sa.gov.au)
In this article, we look at how often a person needs a tetanus shot and what types of the vaccine exist. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Babies should receive multiple rounds of the DTaP vaccine to ensure adequate protection against diphtheria, whooping cough, and tetanus. (medicalnewstoday.com)
A 2016 study that looked into tetanus immunity in 546 adults found that the vaccine provided at least 30 years of protection. (medicalnewstoday.com)
For this reason, passive tetanus immunoprophylaxis or a tetanus vaccine is recommended. (thenewsteller.com)
The most common vaccine that most people consider an essential part of trauma care is the tetanus shot. (system-sat.de)
Since the tetanus vaccine happens to be the most nonsensical vaccine even if you do buy into the vaccine paradigm, I decided to devote some time into explaining exactly what tetanus is and why the shot is not only unnecessary but has been the root cause of chronic ailments and disability in a growing number of recipients. (system-sat.de)
DAPTACEL contains the same pertussis antigens, manufactured by the same process, as Pentacel ® [Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis Adsorbed, Inactivated Poliovirus and Haemophilus b Conjugate (Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate) vaccine] and VAXELIS (Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis, Inactivated Poliovirus, Haemophilus b Conjugate and Hepatitis B Vaccine). (drugs.com)

Clostridium tetani is a rod-shaped, Gram-positive bacterium, typically up to 0.5 μm wide and 2.5 μm long. (wikipedia.org)

The Clostridium tetani exotoxin interferes with release of neurotransmitters from inhibitory interneurons in the spinal cord. (vin.com)

The boy subsequently received a diagnosis of tetanus and required approximately 8 weeks of inpatient care, followed by rehabilitation care, before he was able to resume normal activities. (medihelp.life)
The diagnosis of tetanus is usually based on the distinctive signs and history of recent trauma. (merckvetmanual.com)

Clostridium tetani was isolated from 1 monkey, and 11 had tetanus-specifi c symptoms. (cdc.gov)
is based on tetanus-specifi c clinical symptoms ( 1 - 4 ). (cdc.gov)
1). A total of 42 monkeys died during 2006-2011, and investigations at the time of death showed that 14 of the monkeys had tetanus-specifi c symptoms: 1 of 4 that died in 2007, 11 of 15 that died in 2008, and 2 of 9 that died in 2009). (cdc.gov)
Nine of the 11 monkeys that died with characteristic symptoms of tetanus in 2008 died during the breeding Figure 1. (cdc.gov)
The diagnosis of the goat diseases not only based on the clinical symptoms is most difficult, as many diseases reassemble one another. (health-articles.net)
The important clinical symptoms of common diseases have been given, only to help the farmers to detect the sick goat at the earliest. (health-articles.net)
Clinical symptoms: There is mild thermal reaction and diarrhoea. (health-articles.net)
Clinical symptoms: Sudden high temperatures (108°F), loss of appetite, sudden death, in less peracute form, goat may live for a day and develop bloody diarrhoea. (health-articles.net)
Clinical symptoms: Abortion in late pregnancy is the feature of the disease, retention of placenta and metritis are common. (health-articles.net)
Clinical symptoms: Pustular and scabby lesions develop on the muzzle and lips. (health-articles.net)

The history of tetanus dates back to ancient civilization where people knew tetanus very well as they could recognize and correlate between wounds and fatal muscle spasm (undocumented folklore). (pediatriconcall.com)
Death from tetanus is due to spasm of the vocal cords and spasm of the respiratory muscles, leading to respiratory failure. (system-sat.de)

Edmond Nocard in 1897 demonstrated the induction of passive immunity by tetanus antitoxin in humans and could be used for prophylaxis and management. (pediatriconcall.com)
Treatment requires the administration of tetanus antitoxin and antibiotics. (sa.gov.au)
Outcome was not different between different tetanus antitoxin (TAT) dosages, although there was a trend of increasing survival rate with increasing TAT dosages. (uu.nl)
Trivalent botulinum antitoxin (for Clostridium botulinum types A, B, and E) and bivalent botulinum antitoxin (for types A and B) is available from CDC. (cdc.gov)

Until now only one type of TeNT has been characterized and very little information exists about the heterogeneity among C. tetani strains. (pasteur.fr)
We report here the genome sequences of 26 C. tetani strains, isolated between 1949 and 2017 and obtained from different locations. (pasteur.fr)
This study highlights the population structure of C. tetani and suggests that tetanus-causing strains did not undergo extensive evolutionary diversification, as judged from the high conservation of its main virulence factors. (pasteur.fr)

Although records from antiquity (5th century BCE) contain clinical descriptions of tetanus, it was in 1884 when tetanus was first produced in animals by injecting them with pus from a fatal human tetanus case. (cdc.gov)
One case of fatal tetanus was reported during 2006. (mn.us)
Tetanus is a very serious disease and is frequently fatal, particularly in infants and the elderly. (sa.gov.au)
Tetanus is a serious, frequently fatal disease. (fullcircleequineservice.com)
Although it is commonly believed that tetanus is 100% fatal, allopathic medicine tells us only 30% of cases are fatal, usually in the very young or elderly. (system-sat.de)

Tetanus Prophylaxis in Routine. (msdmanuals.com)
Among other applications, immunotherapy is used for the post-exposure treatment and/or prophylaxis of important infectious diseases, such as botulism, diphtheria, tetanus and rabies. (biomedcentral.com)
Botulism, diphtheria, tetanus and rabies are severe infectious diseases caused by different agents, which have in common the recommendation of using immunotherapy as post-exposure treatment and/or prophylaxis [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The distinction between acute puerperal metritis and clinical metritis is pivotal because acute puerperal metritis requires treatment, whereas clinical metritis does not. (msdvetmanual.com)

The toxin's action can be prevented with tetanus toxoid vaccines, which are often administered to children worldwide. (wikipedia.org)
Several vaccines can protect against tetanus, as well as other diseases, such as diphtheria and whooping cough . (medicalnewstoday.com)
The health authority also suggests that people over 18 years of age receive tetanus vaccines every 10 years, as the shot provides roughly 10 years of protection in most people. (medicalnewstoday.com)

The case occurred in an 80-year-old white, non-Hispanic female with history of receiving tetanus and diphtheria toxoid (Td) in 2003. (mn.us)

Dysphagia occurs in moderately severe tetanus as a consequence of pharyngeal muscle spasms, and onset is usually insidious over several days. (medscape.com)
C. tetani produces a neurotoxin that blocks the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters and causes prolonged tonic muscle contractions. (lecturio.com)
Clinical signs are caused by flaccid muscle paralysis, and death is usually due to respiratory or cardiac paralysis. (merckvetmanual.com)

Thus, the observed of Mass Die-off of number of presumed tetanus cases during the 2008 breeding season (9/60) was 8.4× greater than the number during the Captive Japanese 2007 breeding season (1/56). (cdc.gov)

However, the usefulness of treating C. tetani infections with antibiotics remains unclear. (wikipedia.org)
Clinical metritis is used as a general term for postpartum uterine infections, which may not be associated with systemic signs. (msdvetmanual.com)
People can also get tetanus through insect bites, dental infections, surgery, and intravenous drug use. (medicalnewstoday.com)
certain localized infections - see body system-related chapters infectious and parasitic diseases complicating pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium [except obstetrical tetanus] (O98. (who.int)

The organism usually prevails in dirty wounds or for neonatal tetanus, in the umbilicus following unsterile delivery. (who.int)

Most cases of tetanus in the United States occur in those who have not been vaccinated against the disease. (adam.com)
Most cases of tetanus in the United States occur in patients with a history of underimmunization, either because they were never vaccinated or because they completed a primary series but have not had a booster in the preceding 10 years. (medscape.com)
From 2009 to 2017, 264 cases of tetanus and 19 deaths resulting from tetanus were reported. (msdmanuals.com)

Therapeutical management of tetanus in Kundhi buffalo calf at Hyderabad, Sindh. (ojafr.com)

This led to the development of tetanus toxoid in 1924. (cdc.gov)

C. tetani falls within a cluster of nearly 100 species that are more closely related to each other than they are to any other genus. (wikipedia.org)
Other Clostridium species can be divided into a number of genetically related groups, many of which are more closely related to members of other genera than they are to C. tetani. (wikipedia.org)

The American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP) recommends that all horses be vaccinated for tetanus, encephalomyelitis, rabies, and West Nile virus. (ufl.edu)
The owned dog or cat need not be euthanized (humanely killed) until the first clinical sign of rabies appears. (eiken-balken.com)

Neuromuscular junction disorders ("junctionopathies") result in a variety of clinical signs that range from flaccid paralysis to exercise-induced weakness. (vin.com)

C. sordellii is ubiquitous in the environment, and C. tetani is rarely isolated from tetanus cases. (mn.us)

He was given a tetanus booster and he left against medical advice refusing antibiotics. (medbullets.com)

Patients with clinical manifestations occurring within 1 week of an injury have more severe clinical courses. (medscape.com)
Several prognostic indicators relate to the ability to eat or drink, and more severe clinical signs relate to poor outcome. (uu.nl)
Clinical signs can range from mild (fever and mild nasal discharge) to severe (labored breathing and death due to obstruction of the airway by enlarged lymph nodes). (fullcircleequineservice.com)

No specific lab test is available to diagnose tetanus. (adam.com)

Neonatal tetanus is a major cause of neonatal mortality in many developing countries and remains a major public health problem. (who.int)
This study aimed to determine risk factors associated with neonatal tetanus in Wenzhou, China. (who.int)
Medical records of neonatal tetanus cases from 17 hospitals over a 13-year period (2000-2012) were reviewed for potential risk factors. (who.int)
The potential risk factors of the neonatal tetanus group were compared with the control group using univariate analysis and an unconditional logistic regression model. (who.int)
This study identified that the main risks of neonatal tetanus in cases from Wenzhou were having an untrained birth attendant, home delivery and an unsterile method of delivery. (who.int)
Preventive measures directed to these risk factors may reduce the occurrence of neonatal tetanus in the studied area. (who.int)
The incidence and mortality of neonatal tetanus differ between regions and countries and between urban and rural areas within countries. (who.int)
8,10 The incidence of neonatal tetanus in China has dramatically decreased from 0.2 cases per 100 000 population in 2005 to 0.05 cases per 100 000 population in 2012. (who.int)
Neonatal tetanus has many determinants, and many international and national efforts are aimed at eliminating neonatal tetanus. (who.int)
5,7 In some resource-poor settings of the world, unsterile deliveries and poor post-natal hygiene compound the risk of neonatal tetanus. (who.int)
4,5,16,17 Furthermore, seasonality, geographical location, climate, prevalence of C. tetani and a rural agricultural population are also related to the incidence of neonatal tetanus. (who.int)

Organisms4

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs2

Bacteria20

Toxin19

Spores11

Neurotoxin produced4

Infection19

Immune globulin4

Lockjaw4

Anaerobic4

Soil9

Caused by a bacterium1

Immunization5

Bacterium Clostridium tetani3

Vaccination8

Tetanospasmin4

Bacterial2

Perfringens2

Wound6

Vaccine12

Gram-positive1

Release of neurotransmitt1

Diagnosis of tetanus2

Symptoms10

Spasm2

Antitoxin4

Strains3

Fatal5

Prophylaxis3

Acute1

Vaccines3

History of receivi1

Muscle3

Presumed tetanus cases1

Infections4

Organism1

Cases of tetanus3

Management of tetanus1

Development of tetanus1

Species2

Rabies2

Flaccid1

Rarely1

Antibiotics1

Severe3

Diagnose tetanus1

Neonatal tetanus11