AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesHumanitiesInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
EncephalitisEncephalitis, ViralEncephalitis, JapaneseEncephalitis Virus, JapaneseLimbic EncephalitisEncephalitis, ArbovirusEncephalitis Virus, Venezuelan EquineEncephalitis, Herpes SimplexEncephalitis, St. LouisEncephalitis VirusesEncephalitis Virus, St. LouisJapanese Encephalitis VaccinesEncephalitis Virus, Eastern EquineEncephalitis Virus, Western EquineEncephalomyelitis, Venezuelan EquineAnti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor EncephalitisEncephalitis Virus, Murray ValleyEncephalomyelitis, EquineEncephalitis, CaliforniaEncephalitis Viruses, JapaneseFlavivirusToxoplasmosis, CerebralFlavivirus InfectionsWest Nile virusWest Nile FeverCulicidaeEncephalomyelitis, Eastern EquineAntibodies, ViralAmebiasisCulexBrainEncephalitis, Varicella ZosterHorse DiseasesViral VaccinesLa Crosse virusEncephalitis Virus, CaliforniaParaneoplastic Syndromes, Nervous SystemMeningoencephalitisArthritis-Encephalitis Virus, CaprineAlphavirusArbovirusesArbovirus InfectionsCerebrospinal FluidVero CellsAIDS Dementia ComplexParkinson Disease, PostencephaliticHorsesHerpes SimplexViral Envelope ProteinsEncephalomyelitis, Acute DisseminatedEncephalomyelitis, Western EquineSindbis VirusRoseolovirus InfectionsFatal OutcomeRNA, ViralHenipavirus InfectionsMeningitis, ViralNeutralization TestsBird DiseasesCercopithecus aethiopsHemagglutination Inhibition TestsInsect VectorsVirus ReplicationWest Nile Virus VaccinesAlphavirus InfectionsViral Nonstructural ProteinsNipah VirusCricetinaeTogaviridae InfectionsHerpesvirus 6, HumanAutoimmune Diseases of the Nervous SystemDengue VirusLoboseaVirulenceCzechoslovakiaViral Plaque AssayDisease OutbreaksAntigens, ViralEnterovirus InfectionsVaccines, AttenuatedMagnetic Resonance ImagingMolecular Sequence DataImmunoglobulin MCentral Nervous System InfectionsGoatsAcyclovirCell LineCentral Nervous System Protozoal InfectionsAedesPhylogenyVirus CultivationYellow fever virusGoat DiseasesCommunicable Diseases, EmergingCentral Nervous System Viral DiseasesParaneoplastic SyndromesEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayAcanthamoebaCentral Nervous SystemAntiviral Agents
AcuteViral encephalitisHerpes simplex enceTick-borne encephCause of encephalitisEtiologyNeurologicalNeurologySymptomsPatientsAnti-NMDA-receptorAutoimmune limbic encephalitisCalifornia Encephalitis ProjectEastern equine encepJapanese B EncephalitWestern equine encepDiagnosis of encephalitisInfectionVaccineDiagnosticImmune-mediatedPediatricFindingsSyndromesPsychiatricFlavivirusGroup encephalitisLaboratoryInflammation of the brainNMDAROutcomeImmunologicalTBEVEncephalomyelitisVenezuelanMosquito-bornePracticeSeizuresLimbic systemCasesLethargicaBrainManifestationsAntibodyFlaviviridaePathogenCharacteristicsRabiesAntibodiesDiffuseLethargyBrainstemVaccination
Acute15
  • Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) in older children and adults is not typically associated with active herpetic eruptions and is characterized by the acute onset of more severe symptoms of encephalitis early in the course of illness. (medscape.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Encephalitis is an acute clinical syndrome of the central nervous system (CNS), often associated with fatal outcome or permanent damage, including cognitive and behavioural impairment, affective disorders and epileptic seizures. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Adults with encephalitis present with acute onset of fever, headache, confusion, and sometimes seizures. (wikipedia.org)
  • Viral encephalitis can occur either as a direct effect of an acute infection, or as one of the sequelae of a latent infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other causes of acute viral encephalitis are rabies virus, poliovirus, and measles virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • A non-infectious cause includes acute disseminated encephalitis which is demyelinated. (wikipedia.org)
  • Acute Meningitis and Encephalitis Syndrome (AMES) Study Group , 2010 . (ajtmh.org)
  • Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is an acute or subacute illness that causes both general and focal signs of cerebral dysfunction. (medscape.com)
  • METHODS: By using consensus definitions and a retrospective single-center cohort of 164 Australian children, we performed clinical and radiologic phenotyping blinded to etiology and outcomes, and we tested archived acute sera for autoantibodies to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, voltage-gated potassium channel complex, and other neuronal antigens. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We also tested for non-infectious causes for acute encephalitis including autoimmunity. (ox.ac.uk)
  • 42 patients (21%, 15-27) had acute immune-mediated encephalitis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Acute seizure risk in patients with encephalitis: development and validation of clinical prediction models from two independent prospective multicentre cohorts. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Objective: In patients with encephalitis, the development of acute symptomatic seizures is highly variable, but when present is associated with a worse outcome. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Conclusion: Age, GCS, fever and aetiology can effectively stratify acute seizure risk in patients with encephalitis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The ultimate goal of phase two of this project would be to structure an optimal care plan/clinical pathway for these children from acute care referral to rehabilitation and to community discharge. (hollandbloorview.ca)
Viral encephalitis5
Herpes simplex ence1
Tick-borne enceph7
Cause of encephalitis4
Etiology4
  • Granerod J., Beyene J., UK Etiology of Encephalitis Study Group None. (ox.ac.uk)
  • CONCLUSIONS: It is in general assumed and is a common practice to group encephalitis cases according to disease etiology. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Etiology and pathogenesis of "NMDAR encephalitis," however, are still as ambiguous as the role of NMDAR1-AB in this condition. (nature.com)
  • The control brain tomography showed persistent ventriculomegaly and cerebral edema, which led to RG, Caltagirome R, Blanco the diagnosis of encephalitis of viral etiology complicated by epilepsy secondary to a demyelinating structural lesion of Pimiento EC, et al. (bvsalud.org)
Neurological6
  • Method The present study analysed the spectrum of neurological manifestations in 47 cases of rabies encephalitis (34 paralytic, six encephalitic, and seven psychiatric manifestations) from two hospitals in south India, confirmed at post-mortem by demonstration of a viral antigen in the brain. (bmj.com)
  • The second phase involves the neurological system with symptoms of meningitis (inflammation of the membrane that surrounds the brain and spinal cord) and/or encephalitis (inflammation of the brain). (europa.eu)
  • Tickborne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infectious disease that attacks the central nervous system and can result in long-term neurological symptoms, and even death. (europa.eu)
  • Advanced biological ageing predicts future risk for neurological diagnoses and clinical examination findings. (medscape.com)
  • Rasmussen's encephalitis is a rare chronic neurological disorder, characterised by unilateral inflammation of the cerebral cortex, drug-resistant epilepsy, and progressive neurological and cognitive deterioration. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Auto-antibodies induced neurological diseases show various clinical phenotypes (see details in Table 1 ). (springer.com)
Neurology3
  • We anticipate that this algorithm can lead to rational, as opposed to shotgun, testing in cases of suspected encephalitis," said the guideline's first author, Arun Venkatesan, MD, PhD, assistant professor of neurology and director of the Encephalitis Center at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. (aacc.org)
  • Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery , 110 (6), 635-640. (aku.edu)
  • This paper documents the frequency of herpesvirus encephalitis in Mexican mestizo patients from the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery (NINN) of Mexico. (bvsalud.org)
Symptoms8
  • Symptoms of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in neonates (aged 1-45 d) may include localized skin, eye, or mouth lesions in the early phase of illness with encephalitis. (medscape.com)
  • TBE is suspected on clinical signs and symptoms associated with a living or travel history of the patient in endemic zones. (orpha.net)
  • Recognition of signs and symptoms of illness by those living and working in endemic areas is essential to limit the spread of Venezuelan equine encephalitis. (medscape.com)
  • The algorithm in question lists routine studies and tests that should be performed on all suspected encephalitis patients, as well as conditional studies based on host and geographic factors, season and exposure, specific signs and symptoms, and both laboratory and neuroimaging features (See chart, p. 4). (aacc.org)
  • Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis and sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) share a lot of similar clinical features, such as prominent cognitive decline, memory problems, psychiatric symptoms, and movement disorders ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • This case highlights the importance for patients with encephalitis to be closely monitored by their primary care physician for any signs or symptoms of clinical depression. (psychiatrist.com)
  • METHODS: Patients of all ages and with symptoms suggestive of encephalitis were actively recruited for 2 years (staged start between October, 2005, and November, 2006) from 24 hospitals by clinical staff. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Participants 12 years old and older with onset of autoimmune encephalitis symptoms within the last 9 months may be eligible for this study. (uhhospitals.org)
Patients23
  • As noted above, Toxoplasma infection causing encephalitis is found in immune-suppressed patients. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with mpox benefit from supportive care and pain control that is implemented early in the illness ( Clinical Considerations for Pain Management of Mpox ). (cdc.gov)
  • Noting that clinicians' desperation to help critically ill patients drives inappropriate use of many tests, the guideline's senior author, Carol Glaser, MD, said the document can augment the role of laboratorians, who are often "the voice of reason" tasked with advising physicians about suitable assays for encephalitis patients. (aacc.org)
  • Clinicians become desperate to keep these very ill patients from joining the ranks of severely disabled encephalitis survivors, or worse, the disturbingly large proportion who die from the condition. (aacc.org)
  • In view of the increasing number of laboratory-confirmed cases and deaths from pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of the World Health Organization, the Regional Office convened a consultation meeting of experts involved in the clinical management of patients infected with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus. (who.int)
  • Compte tenu du nombre croissant d'infections et de décès par le virus de la grippe pandémique (H1N1) 2009 confirmés en laboratoire dans la Région OMS de la Méditerranée orientale, le Bureau régional a convoqué une réunion consultative d'experts impliqués dans la prise en charge clinique de patients infectés par ce virus. (who.int)
  • We described two patients' clinical manifestations, as well as the string of symptomatological evolution, treatments, and follow-up results. (frontiersin.org)
  • also reported that some patients with a diagnosis of immunotherapy-responsive limbic encephalitis had their treatment delayed because of a suspected diagnosis of sCJD ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • This review analyses the current understanding and diagnostic approaches to the management of patients with autoimmune encephalitis. (annaly-nevrologii.com)
  • The algorithm for clinical and laboratory diagnosis is described, based on our own clinical observations of three patients. (annaly-nevrologii.com)
  • Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify clinical and neuroimaging features and outcome of patients with encephalitis and myelitis associated with dengue viral infection. (aku.edu)
  • Prognosis is poor in patients presenting with encephalitis or myelitis. (aku.edu)
  • This study aims to add to knowledge of the disease by reporting the details of a cohort of patients with autoimmune encephalitis in Queensland, Australia. (edu.au)
  • Methodology: We surveyed patients with autoimmune encephalitis diagnosed and managed through public hospitals in Queensland, Australia between 2010 and the end of 2019. (edu.au)
  • BACKGROUND: Encephalitis has many causes, but for most patients the cause is unknown. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We aimed to establish the cause and identify the clinical differences between causes in patients with encephalitis in England. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Systematic laboratory testing included PCR and antibody assays for all commonly recognised causes of infectious encephalitis, investigation for less commonly recognised causes in immunocompromised patients, and testing for travel-related causes if indicated. (ox.ac.uk)
  • FINDINGS: We identified 203 patients with encephalitis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The 16 patients with antibody-associated encephalitis had the worst outcome of all groups-nine (56%, 30-80) either died or had severe disabilities. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A binary logistic regression risk model was converted to a clinical score and independently validated on an additional 233 patients from 31 UK hospitals (2013-2016) (Cohort 2). (ox.ac.uk)
  • A retrospective chart review was conducted of all consecutive patients admitted with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis to the inpatient Brain Injury Rehabilitation Program at Holland Bloorview from 2009 to 2014 for a survey of our current state. (hollandbloorview.ca)
  • In conclusion, assessment of HRQoL can provide important information about the health status of patients with CD, and its use in clinical practice is warranted. (scielo.br)
  • In conclusion, these findings may aid in clinical management and should be considered in the aftercare of patients. (scielo.br)
Anti-NMDA-receptor6
  • Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is the most common autoimmune form, and is accompanied by ovarian teratoma in 58 percent of affected women 18-45 years of age. (wikipedia.org)
  • The number of diagnosed cases, especially of anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis has markedly increased over the period 2017 to 2019. (edu.au)
  • We have seen an increasing number of children with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis referred for neuro-rehabilitation services in the last five years. (hollandbloorview.ca)
  • Lastly, a focus group with parents of children who had completed the rehabilitation program following a diagnosis of anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis was conducted. (hollandbloorview.ca)
  • This review will provide a foundation of knowledge to improve the effectiveness and quality of the rehabilitation process and services for clients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, their families and the therapy team. (hollandbloorview.ca)
  • This has been a great opportunity to contribute to this area of service as current literature on the rehabilitation needs and journey following a diagnosis of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is very limited. (hollandbloorview.ca)
Autoimmune limbic encephalitis3
  • There are two types of the course of the disease: latent autoimmune limbic encephalitis (LE) progressing to mesial temporal sclerosis and pseudotumorous granulomatous LE. (ima-press.net)
  • Among these diverse features, it should be acknowledged that auto-antibodies toward glutamate receptors, GABA receptors, and K + channel-related proteins are preferentially found in autoimmune limbic encephalitis but not in IMCAs [ 10 ] (Table 1 ). (springer.com)
  • In autoimmune limbic encephalitis, it is assumed that these auto-antibodies diffusely interfere with basal synaptic transmission or neural excitability and weaken overall functions of the temporal lobe [ 18 ]. (springer.com)
California Encephalitis Project1
  • Glaser is chief of the Encephalitis and Special Investigations Section of the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) and former principal investigator of the California Encephalitis Project, a partnership between CDPH and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (aacc.org)
Eastern equine encep2
Japanese B Encephalit2
Western equine encep1
Diagnosis of encephalitis1
  • INTERPRETATION: Early diagnosis of encephalitis is crucial to ensure that the right treatment is given on time. (ox.ac.uk)
Infection11
  • The idea that characteristics of the host may be more important than the pathogen is also consistent with the observation that for some causes, such as herpes simplex virus (HSV), encephalitis is a rare outcome of a common infection. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A rare disorder caused by infection of the central nervous system by Herpes simplex virus (HSV) that could have a devastating clinical course and a potentially fatal outcome particularly with delay or lack of treatment. (orpha.net)
  • In 1952, the first naturally acquired human case of Venezuelan equine encephalitis was reported from Colombia, whereas the first reported natural human infection in the United States was not documented until 1968. (medscape.com)
  • It can be caused by a bacterial infection, such as bacterial meningitis, or may be a complication of a current infectious disease such as syphilis (secondary encephalitis). (wikipedia.org)
  • The consultation resulted in developing an interim guidance and algorithm for clinical management of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus infection in health-care settings. (who.int)
  • Caprine arthritis and encephalitis (CAE) is a persistent lentiviral infection of goats. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Caprine arthritis and encephalitis virus (CAEV) infection is manifested clinically as polysynovitis-arthritis in adult goats and less commonly as leukoencephalomyelitis (progressive weakness, ataxia, proprioceptive deficits) in kids. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Subclinical or clinical interstitial pneumonia, indurative mastitis ("hard udder"), and chronic wasting have also been attributed to infection with this virus. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Encephalitis and myelitis associated with dengue viral infection. (aku.edu)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Encephalitis and myelitis associated with dengue viral infection. (aku.edu)
  • We discuss the different vectored vaccines that have been or are currently in clinical trials, with a forward-looking focus on immunogens that may be protective against seasonal and pandemic influenza infection, in the context of viral-vectored vaccines. (mdpi.com)
Vaccine2
  • Title : New clinical data for IXIARO® Japanese encephalitis vaccine, inactivated, adsorbed Personal Author(s) : Dubischar, Katrin Corporate Authors(s) : Valneva Conference Author(s) : United States. (cdc.gov)
  • The first of five early stage clinical trials to test the safety and ability of an investigational Zika vaccine candidate called the Zika Purified Inactivated Virus (ZPIV) vaccine to generate an immune system response has begun at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Clinical Trial Center in Silver Spring, Maryland. (news-medical.net)
Diagnostic4
  • Diagnostic variables such as brain scan and measurements from cerebrospinal fluids are also identified as main indicators of encephalitis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In response, the International Encephalitis Consortium (IEC), a multidisciplinary committee begun in 2010, recently issued a comprehensive guideline, which proposes standard definitions and a diagnostic algorithm for evaluating both children and adults with suspected encephalitis worldwide (Clin Infect Dis 2013;57:1114-28). (aacc.org)
  • This stratified approach of performing a clutch of routine tests plus conditional studies-based on patient-specific circumstances-is a pragmatic approach to the diagnostic work-up of encephalitis, given that many of the recommended tests use precious cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), said James Sejvar, MD, a neuroepidemiologist in the Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology at CDC's National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases in Atlanta. (aacc.org)
  • The aim of these clinical practice recommendations is to provide diagnostic and therapeutic guidance for HHV-6B encephalitis after allogeneic HSCT. (elsevierpure.com)
Immune-mediated3
  • This study seeks to classify and characterize infectious, immune-mediated/autoantibody-associated and unknown forms of encephalitis, including relative frequencies, clinical and radiologic phenotypes, and long-term outcome. (ox.ac.uk)
  • CONCLUSIONS: We have defined clinical and radiologic phenotypes of infectious and immune-mediated/autoantibody-associated encephalitis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In this resource-rich cohort, immune-mediated/autoantibody-associated etiologies are common, and the recognition and treatment of these entities should be a clinical priority. (ox.ac.uk)
Pediatric1
  • BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pediatric encephalitis has a wide range of etiologies, clinical presentations, and outcomes. (ox.ac.uk)
Findings7
  • Metabolic or structural abnormalities at the thalamocortical level, particularly dysfunction in the thalamocortical relay neurons, are hypothesized to be responsible for the EEG and clinical findings associated with TWE. (medscape.com)
  • Other diseases (e.g., mumps) have such a characteristic clinical presentation that, even in the absence of confirmatory laboratory testing, a diagnosis may be based only on clinical findings. (cdc.gov)
  • See Herpes Simplex Viruses: Test Your Knowledge , a Critical Images slideshow, for more information on clinical, histologic, and radiographic imaging findings in HSV-1 and HSV-2. (medscape.com)
  • However, no pathognomonic clinical findings reliably distinguish HSE from other neurologic disorders with similar presentations. (medscape.com)
  • There are no pathognomonic clinical findings associated with HSE. (medscape.com)
  • Furthermore, the follow-up findings confirmed the diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. (frontiersin.org)
  • These findings can support the development of targeted interventions and aid clinical trial design for antiseizure medication prophylaxis. (ox.ac.uk)
Syndromes2
  • Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 may produce a more subacute encephalitis, apparent psychiatric syndromes, and benign recurrent meningitis. (medscape.com)
  • The presence of clinical and immunological differences in the pathology is emphasized: on the one hand, non-structural damage to the nervous system is combined with the subacute development of cognitive impairment, epileptic and psychopathological syndromes, which, on the other hand, are associated with polymorphic immunological heterogeneity. (annaly-nevrologii.com)
Psychiatric3
  • The problem is further compounded in the absence of a history of dog bite, clinical features resembling a psychiatric syndrome. (bmj.com)
  • Encephalitis lethargica (EL) describes an encephalitis with psychiatric, sleep, and extrapyramidal movement disorders. (nih.gov)
  • There is evidence to suggest that childhood encephalitis or meningitis leads to psychiatric disorders later on in life, specifically schizophrenia spectrum disorders. (psychiatrist.com)
Flavivirus1
Group encephalitis1
  • California Virus Group Encephalitis: Eleven confirmed and presumptive human cases have been reported. (cdc.gov)
Laboratory7
  • This report updates the 2010 recommendations from the CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding prevention of Japanese encephalitis (JE) among U.S. travelers and laboratory workers (Fischer M, Lindsey N, Staples JE, Hills S. Japanese encephalitis vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). (cdc.gov)
  • We also use heatmaps to visually assess underlying patterns in the data, identify the main clinical and laboratory features and identify potential risk factors associated with encephalitis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The CSTE/CDC surveillance case definitions included in this document vary in their use of clinical, laboratory, and epidemiologic criteria to define cases. (cdc.gov)
  • Some diseases require laboratory confirmation for diagnosis, regardless of clinical symptomatology, and some are diagnosed on the basis of epidemiologic data. (cdc.gov)
  • Use of additional clinical, epidemiologic, and laboratory data may enable a physician to diagnose a disease even though the surveillance case definition may not be met. (cdc.gov)
  • Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus is highly infectious by the aerosol route, and numerous laboratory infections have occurred, making it a possible biowarfare agent. (medscape.com)
  • Anti-NMDAR encephalitis can present with rapidly progressive cognitive decline, and sometimes laboratory investigations can be misleading. (frontiersin.org)
Inflammation of the brain1
NMDAR4
  • Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis and sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) share similar clinical features. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we present two unusual cases of anti-NMDAR encephalitis who were misdiagnosed as sCJD at first. (frontiersin.org)
  • EL shares clinical features with the anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR-Ab) encephalitis. (nih.gov)
  • The dyskinetic form of EL is an NMDAR-Ab encephalitis and can affect very young children. (nih.gov)
Outcome4
  • The first patient was diagnosed with a cross-autoimmune syndrome with a combination of Hodgkin's lymphoma and anti-NMDA encephalitis, probably triggered by the reactivation of the Epstein-Barr virus with a fatal outcome. (annaly-nevrologii.com)
  • Immunomodulatory treatments seem to slow rather than halt disease progression in Rasmussen's encephalitis, without changing the eventual outcome. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Through telephone interviews, we defined outcomes by using the Liverpool Outcome Score (for encephalitis). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Conclusion: Autoimmune encephalitis in Queensland, Australia is an increasingly common but complex clinical entity marked by heterogeneous presentations, response to immune therapy and outcome results marked by low mortality and incomplete recovery. (edu.au)
Immunological3
  • The second patient was diagnosed with autoimmune anti-LGI1 limbic encephalitis, and the third patient was seronegative to the available immunological antigens. (annaly-nevrologii.com)
  • The authors note the need to rethink the concept of 'encephalitis of unknown aetiology' and its transformation into 'autoimmune encephalitis' with the immunological diagnosis of three antigens (NMDA, LGI1, CASPR2). (annaly-nevrologii.com)
  • Neuropathological and immunological studies support the notion that Rasmussen's encephalitis is probably driven by a T-cell response to one or more antigenic epitopes, with potential additional contribution by autoantibodies. (johnshopkins.edu)
TBEV2
  • Timelines of clinical manifestations of illness caused by TBEV. (cdc.gov)
  • Clinical presentation partly (but not solely) depends on the TBEV subtype. (orpha.net)
Encephalomyelitis1
  • Although a few clinical signs may help indicate rabies encephalomyelitis antemortem, confirmation requires neuropathological/neurovirological assistance. (bmj.com)
Venezuelan16
  • It is caused by the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and has a significant presence in the tropical Americas. (medscape.com)
  • Epidemics of Venezuelan equine encephalitis involving tens of thousands of humans and hundreds of thousands of equines have been reported. (medscape.com)
  • Although predominantly a disease found in South and Central America, Venezuelan equine encephalitis has been reported in southern border areas of the United States. (medscape.com)
  • Venezuelan equine encephalitis may have been present for centuries as one of many undiagoised fevers common in the tropical Americas. (medscape.com)
  • In 1943, the first descriptions of Venezuelan equine encephalitis in humans were reported from laboratories where equine isolates were being characterized. (medscape.com)
  • This was the first major epidemic of Venezuelan equine encephalitis in 22 years. (medscape.com)
  • Studies have begun to document a geographic spread of Venezuelan equine encephalitis. (medscape.com)
  • Over the past few years, Venezuelan equine encephalitis has been found in Brazil and the northern countries of South America. (medscape.com)
  • Major outbreaks involving humans have been associated with Venezuelan equine encephalitis subtype I, varieties AB and C. The IA and IB strains are considered genetically indistinguishable and are thus classified as IAB. (medscape.com)
  • While these epizootic strains are virulent in equines and humans, the enzootic Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus serotypes ID, IE, and IIIA can cause illness in humans but not in equines. (medscape.com)
  • All natural transmission of Venezuelan equine encephalitis is via mosquitoes. (medscape.com)
  • Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus is a positive-strand, unsegmented ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus. (medscape.com)
  • Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus is a member of the genus Alphavirus of the family Togaviridae. (medscape.com)
  • Enzootic Venezuelan equine encephalitis serotypes ID, IE, and IIIA are avirulent in equines but can cause illness in humans. (medscape.com)
  • Venezuelan equine encephalitis is an arthropod-borne virus, with the mosquito serving as the most common vector. (medscape.com)
  • Eastern, western, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis and West Nile viruses: clinical and public health considerations. (cabi.org)
Mosquito-borne1
  • Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) is a mosquito-borne virus that is found across Australia, Papua New Guinea and Irian Jaya. (mja.com.au)
Practice2
  • In clinical practice, diagnosis of the furious (encephalitic) form of rabies poses little difficulty. (bmj.com)
  • The management of encephalitis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. (medscape.com)
Seizures1
Limbic system2
Cases11
  • The preponderance of atypical/paralytic cases in this series suggests that neurologists and psychiatrists need to have a high index of clinical suspicion, particularly in the absence of a history of dog bite. (bmj.com)
  • HSVE accounts for 20 % of encephalitis cases and its annual incidence is 1/250,000-1/500,000 in industrialized nations and is presumed to be the same across the globe. (orpha.net)
  • In clinical cases, TBE often has a biphasic course. (europa.eu)
  • Some cases of limbic encephalitis are of autoimmune origin. (wikipedia.org)
  • A March 3, 2023, MMWR provides updated clinical treatment considerations about using therapeutics to treat severe mpox cases, including ocular infections, neurologic complications, myopericarditis, complications associated with mucosal lesions, and complications from uncontrolled viral spread. (cdc.gov)
  • CDC published "Interim Clinical Considerations for Severe Manifestations of Mpox" in MMWR to provide guidance for these cases. (cdc.gov)
  • Inflammatory pseudotumor is an indication for surgery, but realizing the fact that this false tumor may avoid an unnecessary radical operation in some cases, which demonstrates the given clinical observation. (ima-press.net)
  • This type of restriction lesion has been found in other cases of encephalitis and is usually transient and nonspecific. (psychiatrist.com)
  • Results: Sixty cases of antibody positive autoimmune encephalitis were identified. (edu.au)
  • In cases where rigorous clinical data are unavailable, recommendations have been developed in discussions with physicians who have relevant expertize. (elsevierpure.com)
  • St. Louis Encephalitis (SLE): Two serologically confirmed, non-fatal cases of SLE have been reported (one in a 24-year-old woman from near Yuma, Arizona, with onset June 20, and a second in a 3-year-old boy from Bard, California, with onset July 26). (cdc.gov)
Lethargica1
Brain8
  • In porcine fetuses, the virus often causes the development of anomalies in the brain as well as encephalitis and degenerative neuronal changes. (iastate.edu)
  • For patient education information, see the Brain and Nervous System Center , as well as Encephalitis . (medscape.com)
  • Diagnosing encephalitis is done via a variety of tests: Brain scan, done by MRI, can determine inflammation and differentiate from other possible causes. (wikipedia.org)
  • EEG, in monitoring brain activity, encephalitis will produce abnormal signal. (wikipedia.org)
  • A widely unexplored field in humans, though clearly documented in rodents, is genetic brain inflammation, particularly that associated with myelin abnormalities, inducing primary white matter encephalitis. (nature.com)
  • We hypothesized that "autoimmune encephalitides" may result from any brain inflammation concurring with the presence of brain antigen-directed autoantibodies, e.g., against N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor NR1 (NMDAR1-AB), which are not causal of, but may considerably shape the encephalitis phenotype. (nature.com)
  • Careful analysis of the association between histopathology and clinical presentation suggests that initial damage to the brain is mediated by T cells and microglia, suggesting a window for treatment if Rasmussen's encephalitis can be diagnosed early. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Conclusion: this was a case of Encephalitis (brain fever). (hpathy.com)
Manifestations1
  • Colonoscopy was per- of clinical manifestations and compli- in his room. (who.int)
Antibody2
Flaviviridae2
  • Ribavirin (already established as therapy for hepatitis C virus, which is also in the Flaviviridae family) was used in a study of 153 Indian children with JEV encephalitis, but did not indicate any benefit compared with placebo. (mja.com.au)
  • The Japanese encephalitis virus is a virus from the family Flaviviridae. (news-medical.net)
Pathogen1
Characteristics1
  • RESULTS: Our results identified fever, personality and behavioural change, headache and lethargy as the main characteristics of encephalitis. (ox.ac.uk)
Rabies2
Antibodies2
  • 46 There are numerous reports of immunotherapy for WNV encephalitis in Israel and the United States with WNV-specific intravenous immunoglobulin (Omr-IgG-am, Omrix Biopharmaceuticals, Tel Aviv, Israel) obtained from donors with high titres of WNV antibodies. (mja.com.au)
  • Introduction: Autoimmune encephalitis is a disorder associated with antibodies directed against central nervous system proteins with variable clinical features. (edu.au)
Diffuse2
  • The signs of encephalitis may be diffuse or focal. (medscape.com)
  • Histologically, in infected fetuses or piglets there is diffuse nonsuppurative encephalitis, neuronal degeneration and necrosis in the cerebrum and cerebellum. (iastate.edu)
Lethargy2
  • Extreme lethargy has been noted with West Nile encephalitis (WNE). (medscape.com)
  • People should only be diagnosed with encephalitis if they have a decreased or altered level of consciousness, lethargy, or personality change for at least twenty-four hours without any other explainable cause. (wikipedia.org)
Brainstem1
Vaccination1
  • Vaccination is available against tick-borne and Japanese encephalitis and should be considered for at-risk individuals. (wikipedia.org)