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PyrimidinesPyrimidine NucleotidesPyrimidine DimersPyrimidine NucleosidesDeoxyribonuclease (Pyrimidine Dimer)Pyrimidine PhosphorylasesMolecular Sequence DataOrotic AcidDNA CleavageUltraviolet RaysBase SequenceUracilOrotate PhosphoribosyltransferasePurinesDihydroorotaseAmino Acid SequenceDeoxyribodipyrimidine Photo-LyaseSubstrate SpecificityUridineDNAPurine NucleotidesAspartate CarbamoyltransferaseCleavage Stage, OvumCarbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Glutamine-Hydrolyzing)Uridine PhosphorylaseOrotidine-5'-Phosphate DecarboxylaseKineticsCytidineNucleic Acid ConformationRNA CleavageDihydroorotate OxidaseEscherichia coliHydrolysisUracil NucleotidesBinding SitesUridine KinaseThymineDNA RepairMutationNucleosidesPentosyltransferasesUridine MonophosphatePurine NucleosidesUridine TriphosphateDeoxyribonucleosidesEndopeptidasesDeoxyuridineEndodeoxyribonucleasesCell LineStructure-Activity RelationshipProtein Processing, Post-TranslationalOligonucleotidesDNA DamageNucleotidesModels, MolecularPurine-Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn ErrorsRibonucleosidesRecombinant ProteinsEndonucleasesPeptide FragmentsMolecular StructureThiamineCatalysisPlasmidsCytosineCarbamyl PhosphateFurinCaspasesOxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group DonorsAdenineProtein BindingElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelN-Glycosyl HydrolasesmRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation FactorsAzauridineCytosine NucleotidesMutagenesis, Site-DirectedProtein PrecursorsRNA, CatalyticRNASerine EndopeptidasesCloning, MolecularApoptosisProtein Structure, TertiaryHeLa CellsCytidine TriphosphateMolecular WeightThymidineTranscription, GeneticChromatography, High Pressure LiquidNucleotidasesPeptide HydrolasesRibonucleotidesDihydrouracil Dehydrogenase (NADP)5'-NucleotidaseCaspase 3Phosphoribosyl PyrophosphateCysteine EndopeptidasesCricetinaeDeoxycytidine Monophosphate
NucleotidePurinesPurine and pyrimidineMetabolismNucleotidesAdenineDimersNucleicCatabolismBasesPathwayResiduesNucleosideCatalyzesOccursInvolvesComplexReactionsNucleotideEndonucleolytic cleavagePurineNovo pyrimidine biosynthesisSynthesisDouble-strand DNA cleavageRandomized cleavage sitesHydrolysisEnzymeBindsBleomycinNucleosidesTopoisomeraseDegradationThymineInhibitsFragmentFattyPatternsSiteBaseActivityResultsStudiesPositionTypesAssociationSuggest
Nucleotide7
  • An enzyme capable of hydrolyzing highly polymerized DNA by splitting phosphodiester linkages, preferentially adjacent to a pyrimidine nucleotide. (umassmed.edu)
  • Pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase I) catalyzes cleavage of the phosphodiester bond between the 5'-ribose of a nucleotide and the phosphate group attached to the 3'-ribose of an adjacent pyrimidine nucleotide forming a 2',3'-cyclic phosphate which may then be hydrolyzed to the corresponding 3'-nucleoside phosphate. (p212121.com)
  • State the relevance of coordinated control of purine and pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis. (hotelsunshine.co.in)
  • Textbook of Biochemistry: With Clinical Correlations 7th, Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleotide Metabolism. (euroasfalti.net)
  • ATP.E. Disorders of Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism Rebecca S. Wappner PURINE AND PYRIMIDINE METABOLISM Purine and pyrimidine nucleotides are important constituents of RNA, DNA, nucleotide sugars, and other high-energy compounds and of cofactors such as adenosine triphosphate and nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide. (euroasfalti.net)
  • Specifically, the cleavage recognizes the phosphodiester bond formed by the 5'-ribose of a nucleotide and the phosphate group on the 3'-ribose of the adjacent pyrimidine nucleotide, so that the 2', 3' - Cyclic phosphates are hydrolyzed to the corresponding 3'-nucleoside phosphates (eg, pG-pG-pC-pA-pG is cleaved by RNase A to generate pG-pG-pCp and A-PG). (yeasenbiotech.com)
  • Pyrimidines are the nucleotide bases of deoxyribonu-cleic acid (DNA). (encyclopedia.com)
Purines8
Purine and pyrimidine3
  • mathrm{C} . The disorders of purine and pyrimidine metabolism exhibit a wide array of clinical symptoms, which include renal calculi, neurologic problems, delayed physical and mental development, self-mutilation, hemolytic anemias, and immunodeficiencies. (euroasfalti.net)
  • Since then, receptor subtypes for adenosine-selective (P1 receptors) and purine and pyrimidine selective (P2 receptors) have been cloned and characterized. (euroasfalti.net)
  • Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism. (euroasfalti.net)
Metabolism2
Nucleotides6
Adenine1
Dimers2
  • EPR experiments have also provided evidence for the rapid addition of pyrimidine-derived nitrogen-centered radicals to other nucleobases to give dimers and the oxidation of DNA by radicals derived from preformed nucleoside chloramines. (ku.dk)
  • Recombination may repair severe DNA damages such as pyrimidine dimers and gaps, as discussed in General recombination, but there are numerous additional repair methods. (pharmaguideline.com)
Nucleic1
  • Protein cleavage is inhibited where the proteins, or nucleic acids and protein, contact each other. (lookformedical.com)
Catabolism3
  • Pyrimidine catabolism. (hotelsunshine.co.in)
  • However, in contrast to purine catabolism, the pyrimidine bases in most organisms are subjected to reduction rather than oxidation. (hotelsunshine.co.in)
  • pyrimidine catabolism phosphate synthetase-II undergo breakdown such that useful parts can be triggered by administration of 5-fluorouracil to with! (euroasfalti.net)
Bases2
  • Β-Alanine and β-aminoisobutyrate pyrimidines are the nitrogen bases present on the information we have and it may not be so! (euroasfalti.net)
  • Nonetheless, it turns out that hydroxymethyl groups attached for the 5-position of pyrimidine bases are yet chemically stable and long-lived beneath physiological situations. (icbinhibitor.com)
Pathway1
  • As an example of one of the complex transformations on this pathway, the figure below shows the structure of the pyrimidine synthase catalyzing the complex rearrangement of aminoimidazole ribotide (left) to the thiamin pyrimidine (right). (tamu.edu)
Residues1
  • RNA cleavage is promoted by one to three histidine residues that are located in CAS I and II. (frontiersin.org)
Nucleoside1
  • Preformed nucleoside chloramines also induce plasmid cleavage, though this only occurs to a significant extent with unstable thymidine- and uridine-derived chloramines, where radical formation is rapid. (ku.dk)
Catalyzes1
  • This catalyzes endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA yielding 5'-phosphodi- and oligonucleotide end-products. (umassmed.edu)
Occurs1
Involves1
  • General recombination involves cleavage and reconnecting the same or comparable sequences. (pharmaguideline.com)
Complex2
  • The biosyntheses of the thiamin pyrimidine and thiazole are complex and are different from any of the characterized chemical or biochemical routes to these heterocycles. (tamu.edu)
  • 2017. A Review of Spectroscopic and Biophysical-Chemical Studies of the Complex of Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer Photolyase and Cryptochrome DASH with Substrate DNA. (montclair.edu)
Reactions1
  • To acquire about the unfavorable nature from the direct cleavage of the bond, a cascade of coupled reactions can be made use of. (icbinhibitor.com)
Nucleotide6
  • It is converted to its active metabolite GS-461203 via hydrolysis and phosphoramidate cleavage followed by intracellular phosphorylation by the pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic pathway. (medscape.com)
  • Ten nucleotide positions were identical in homing site variants that were I-CreI-sensitive and required the addition of SDS for efficient cleavage product release. (nih.gov)
  • Three of the 24 I-CreI homing site nucleotide positions apparently lacked informational content, i. e. were permissive of cleavage when occupied by any nucleotide. (nih.gov)
  • An enzyme capable of hydrolyzing highly polymerized DNA by splitting phosphodiester linkages, preferentially adjacent to a pyrimidine nucleotide. (umassmed.edu)
  • In some cases, significant yields of transcript initiated at the first nucleotide of an inserted 5'-pyrimidine-terminated DNA fragment can also be obtained using this vector. (atcc.org)
  • Specifically, the cleavage recognizes the phosphodiester bond formed by the 5'-ribose of a nucleotide and the phosphate group on the 3'-ribose of the adjacent pyrimidine nucleotide, so that the 2', 3' - Cyclic phosphates are hydrolyzed to the corresponding 3'-nucleoside phosphates (eg, pG-pG-pC-pA-pG is cleaved by RNase A to generate pG-pG-pCp and A-PG). (yeasenbiotech.com)
Endonucleolytic cleavage3
  • This catalyzes endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA yielding 5'-phosphodi- and oligonucleotide end-products. (umassmed.edu)
  • An enzyme which catalyzes an endonucleolytic cleavage near PYRIMIDINE DIMERS to produce a 5'-phosphate product. (nih.gov)
  • RNase A is involved in endonucleolytic cleavage of 3'-phosphomononucleotides and 3'-phosphooligonucleotides ending in C-P or U-P with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates. (umbc.edu)
Purine4
  • Unlike class II N-deoxyribosyltransferases, which accept either purine or pyrimidine deoxynucleosides, class I enzymes are specific for purines as both the donor and acceptor base. (rcsb.org)
  • In the class I enzyme, the purine base itself shields the active site from the solvent, while the smaller pyrimidine base cannot. (rcsb.org)
  • Base catalyzed elimination reactions at the 2\u0027, 3\u0027-positions of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides proved to be regiospecific. (nii.ac.jp)
  • The final topic presents the synthesis and chemistry of 3-deoxy-3-nitro-hexopyranosyl nucleosides in both pyrimidine and purine series. (nii.ac.jp)
Novo pyrimidine biosynthesis1
  • Brequinar inhibits the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, thereby blocking de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. (blogspot.com)
Synthesis4
  • In this paper, we reported the synthesis of coumarin-pyrimidine derivatives by a four-component reaction involving 4-hydroxycoumarin, aldehyde, thiobarbituric acid and piperidine in ethanol. (ias.ac.in)
  • 14. Design, Synthesis and Screening of 4,6-Diaryl Pyridine and Pyrimidine Derivatives as Potential Cytotoxic Molecules. (nih.gov)
  • 15. Synthesis of new steroidal imidazo [1,2-a] pyridines: DNA binding studies, cleavage activity and in vitro cytotoxicity. (nih.gov)
  • In S. cerevisiae, 19 thi genes are involved in the synthesis of TPP and the utilization of thiamin and thi20/21 participating in the synthesis of the pyrimidine moiety belong to multigene families. (ferienwohnung-gluecksburg.net)
Double-strand DNA cleavage1
Randomized cleavage sites1
  • Plasmid libraries containing partially randomized cleavage sites for the eukaryotic homing endonucleases I-PpoI and I-CreI were constructed, and sites that could be cleaved by I-PpoI or I-CreI were selectively recovered by successive cycles of cleavage and gel separation followed by religation and growth in Escherichia coli. (nih.gov)
Hydrolysis1
  • The catalytic mechanism is a transphosphorylation of P-O 5' bonds on the 3' side of pyrimidines and subsequent hydrolysis to generate 3' phosphate groups. (umbc.edu)
Enzyme2
  • This enzyme participates in pyrimidine metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
  • The structure of a ribosylated enzyme intermediate reveals movements that occur during cleavage of the N-glycosidic bond. (rcsb.org)
Binds1
  • Binds to intronic pyrimidine-rich sequence of the TPM1 and MAPT pre-mRNAs. (univ-amu.fr)
Bleomycin6
  • The study presents, for the first time, alternative biochemical mechanisms for DNA cleavage by bleomycin. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Cleavage of DNA is believed to be the primary mechanism by which bleomycin kills cancer cells, particularly through double-strand cleavages, which are more challenging for the cellular machinery to repair. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Roy is particularly interested in the subtle biochemistry of bleomycin, including the specificity of its binding regions along the DNA strand and the drug's detailed mechanisms of DNA cleavage. (sciencedaily.com)
  • These hairpin DNAs were used to investigate double-strand cleavage by bleomycin. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Examination of the 10 DNA samples exposed to bleomycin revealed a total of 31 double-strand cleavage sites. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Two types of bleomycin binding and cleavage activity are detailed in the paper. (sciencedaily.com)
Nucleosides2
  • Pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylases can add ribose or deoxyribose to pyrimidine bases to form nucleosides that can be incorporated into RNA or DNA. (nih.gov)
  • In the pyrimidine series, the resulting 2\u0027, 3\u0027-olefins with a leaving group at the C-2\u0027 readily formed the corresponding 3\u0027-deoxy-2\u0027-keto-nucleosides, an entirely new class of bioorganic substances. (nii.ac.jp)
Topoisomerase2
  • Using SCAN1 cells treated with the specific topoisomerase I (Top1) inhibitor camptothecin, we find enhanced levels of Top1 cleavage complexes (Top1cc) and defective reversal of Top1cc in SCAN1 Tdp1-deficient cells, indicating a direct involvement of Tdp1 in the repair of Top1cc. (nih.gov)
  • They intercalate between DNA base pairs and trigger DNA cleavage by topoisomerase II. (medscape.com)
Degradation1
  • These results indicate that the first step in glyphosate degradation by PG2982 is cleavage of the carbon-phosphorus bond, resulting in the release of sarcosine and a phosphate group. (nih.gov)
Thymine1
  • Adenine and guanine received 90% of the C-3 label found in the nucleic acid fraction, and the only pyrimidine base labeled was thymine. (nih.gov)
Inhibits1
  • However, YGAR inhibits DNases I and II cleavage over 4-6 bases, and attenuates MPE-Fe(II) and hydroxyl radical cleavage at 2 bases. (ox.ac.uk)
Fragment1
  • On the other hand, in CSR, two switch (S) regions located 5′ to heavy-chain constant (C H ) region genes are cleaved and a large DNA fragment between the cleavages is excised out from the chromosome to bring in a downstream Ig C H region gene to the proximity of a rearranged V gene ( 7 ). (silverchair.com)
Fatty1
  • These residues are conserved to the seen magnitude of a protective plasma of synapse dimers that often build the requirements of RNA Polymerase II and phosphorylated time of accounts for transcriptional activation Results in fatty IL7 proteins like variant cleavage, family, etc. (evakoch.com)
Patterns3
  • Subtle changes are also observed in most of the DNase II-cleavage patterns, although GT and GG inhibit the cleavage over longer regions and generate patterns that resemble footprints. (ox.ac.uk)
  • None of the mismatches causes any change in the cleavage patterns produced by hydroxyl radicals or MPE-Fe(II). (ox.ac.uk)
  • RGAY causes only subtle changes in the cleavage patterns, which are similar to those seen with single mismatches, except that there are no changes in MNase cleavage. (ox.ac.uk)
Site4
  • There was a preference for pyrimidines flanking the top strand of the homing site sequence. (nih.gov)
  • These results suggest that I-PpoI and I-CreI make a large number of DNA-protein contacts across their homing site sequences, and that different subsets of these contacts may be sufficient to maintain a high degree of sequence-specific homing site recognition and cleavage. (nih.gov)
  • Each of the 10 DNA samples underwent double-strand cleavage at more than one site. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The PR promoter in this vector has been modified to position the cleavage site of a unique SmaI site exactly at the initiation site of the PR promoter. (atcc.org)
Base1
  • Further, all of the observed cleavage sites were found within or in close proximity to an 8 base pair variable region, which had been randomized to create the original library. (sciencedaily.com)
Activity1
  • Encouraged by the results obtained from the cleavage studies, the synthesized compounds were screened for in-vitro antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity. (ias.ac.in)
Results1
  • RESULTS: Activin A (1-10 ng/ml) suppressed aggrecanase-mediated cleavage of aggrecan in human articular cartilage. (ox.ac.uk)
Studies1
  • Further, to evaluate the biological potency of the synthesized compounds, initially, DNA cleavage studies were performed. (ias.ac.in)
Position1
Types1
Association1
  • Plays a role for miRNA-guided RNA cleavage and translation suppression by promoting association of AGO2-containing miRNPs with their cognate target mRNAs. (univ-amu.fr)
Suggest1
  • These findings strongly suggest that AID itself or a single molecule generated by RNA editing function of AID may mediate a common step of SHM and CSR, which is likely to be involved in DNA cleavage. (silverchair.com)