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Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan EquineEncephalomyelitis, Venezuelan EquineEncephalitis Virus, Eastern EquineEncephalomyelitis, EquineEncephalitis Virus, Western EquineEncephalitis VirusesAlphavirusEncephalitis Virus, JapaneseRepliconHorse DiseasesEncephalomyelitis, Eastern EquineViral VaccinesOchlerotatusCulicidaeHorsesEncephalitis, JapaneseSindbis VirusEncephalitis Viruses, Tick-BorneEncephalitis Virus, St. LouisCricetinaeEncephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, ExperimentalAntibodies, ViralVenezuelaVaccines, AttenuatedVero CellsCulexSouth AmericaSigmodontinaeVirus ReplicationEncephalomyelitisEncephalitisRNA, ViralCercopithecus aethiopsEncephalitis, ArbovirusEncephalomyelitis, Western EquineAedesArbovirusesEncephalitis, ViralVirulenceCell LineVirus CultivationViremiaNeutralization TestsInsect VectorsVaccines, SyntheticArbovirus InfectionsViral Plaque AssayViral Envelope ProteinsColombiaEncephalomyelitis, Acute DisseminatedRodent DiseasesViral Structural ProteinsEncephalitis, St. LouisGenetic VectorsMolecular Sequence DataEncephalitis Virus, Murray ValleyMice, Inbred BALB CEncephalitis, Tick-BorneVaccinationAlphavirus InfectionsAntibodies, NeutralizingMesocricetusViral ProteinsViral Nonstructural ProteinsPanamaBrainVirus AssemblyPhylogenyCapsid ProteinsAntigens, ViralVirionCytopathogenic Effect, ViralAmino Acid SequenceHemagglutination Inhibition TestsDisease Models, AnimalMexicoJapanese Encephalitis VaccinesFlavivirusImmunity, MucosalWest Nile virusEncephalitis Viruses, JapaneseRNA VirusesCobalt IsotopesDisease OutbreaksMyelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein
BacteriaStudyAssociated with illnePowassanBlood-brain bDiseasesFlavivirusViralAgentsHumanAnimal
Bacteria2
  • Biological warfare, also known as germ warfare, is the use of biological toxins or infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, insects, and fungi with the intent to kill, harm or incapacitate humans, animals or plants as an act of war. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is estimated that 50% or less of those individuals infected with enteric viruses or bacteria actually become ill (Haas et al. (scienceopen.com)
Study2
  • 2001). The toilet flush study was designed to replicate the number of virus released from an infected individual. (scienceopen.com)
  • Our study aimed to address the role of domestic animals in the outbreak, both from the public health perspective (as a potential source of virus for human infections) and the animal health perspective. (cdc.gov)
Associated with illne1
  • Echoviruses belong to genus Enterovirus and are associated with illnesses including aseptic meningitis, nonspecific rashes, encephalitis, and myositis. (medscape.com)
Powassan1
Blood-brain b2
  • The mechanisms by which circulating viruses penetrate the blood-brain barrier and seed the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to cause meningitis are unclear. (medscape.com)
  • Here, we review infectious and non-infectious triggers for AE and discuss findings from animal models of AE related to blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, immune cell infiltration into the CNS, and neuronal circuit dysfunction that provide useful avenues to improve diagnosis (e.g., clinical assays and imaging techniques). (frontiersin.org)
Diseases6
  • 1 a Virology Division, United States Army Military Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) , Frederick , MD , USA. (nih.gov)
  • 3 c Diagnostics Systems Division, United States Army Military Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) , Frederick , MD , USA. (nih.gov)
  • 4 d Center for Aerobiological Sciences, United States Army Military Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) , Frederick , MD , USA. (nih.gov)
  • The article will discuss the molecular biology of mRNA vaccines and underlying anti-virus and anti-tumor mechanisms, with an introduction of their immunological phenomena, delivery strategies, their importance on Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and related clinical trials against cancer and viral diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Multiple virus-oriented vaccines are currently used for routine vaccination, which gains significant progress in preventing and treating viral diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • IMPORTANCE Neuroinvasive flaviviruses, such as WNV, JEV, and POWV, are transmitted to humans by mosquitoes or ticks and can cause neurologic diseases, such as encephalitis, meningitis, and paralysis, and they can result in death or long-term sequelae. (bvsalud.org)
Flavivirus1
  • The susceptibility phenotypes generally were concordant among neuroinvasive flaviviruses, although we did identify one line, CC006, that was specifically resistant to JEV, suggesting that both pan-flavivirus and virus-specific mechanisms contribute to susceptibility phenotypes in CC mice. (bvsalud.org)
Viral3
  • Damage from viral meningitis may be due to an associated encephalitis and increased intracranial pressure (ICP). (medscape.com)
  • In nasopharyngeal samples with declining viral titers, the virus blocked the transcription of a subset of nuclear DNA (nDNA)-encoded mitochondrial OXPHOS genes, induced the expression of microRNA 2392, activated HIF-1α to induce glycolysis, and activated host immune defenses including the integrated stress response. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although serum viral loads at 2 days postinfection were equivalent between resistant and susceptible CC lines, clearance of POWV from the serum was significantly enhanced in CC045 mice. (bvsalud.org)
Agents1
  • in many cases, the triggers are either unknown or unidentified infectious agents ( 4 , 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Human1
Animal1
  • Here, we review the proposed triggers for various autoimmune encephalopathies and their animal models, as well as basic structural features of the BBB and how they differ among various CNS regions, a feature that likely underlies some regional aspects of autoimmune encephalitis pathogenesis. (frontiersin.org)