• Tropomyosin proteins regulate the tensing of muscle fibers (muscle contraction) by controlling the binding of two muscle proteins, myosin and actin. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Skeletal muscle is made up of two types of muscle fibers: type I (slow twitch fibers) and type II (fast twitch fibers). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Slow muscle α-tropomyosin is found only in type I fibers. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Type I fibers are the primary component of skeletal muscles that are resistant to fatigue. (medlineplus.gov)
  • For example, muscles involved in posture, such as the neck muscles that hold the head steady, are made predominantly of type I fibers. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Slow muscle α-tropomyosin helps regulate muscle contraction in type I skeletal muscle fibers. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These mutations change single amino acids in slow muscle α-tropomyosin and are thought to impair the protein's ability to interact with myosin and actin within type I skeletal muscle fibers, disrupting muscle contraction. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Actin proteins are important for cell movement and the tensing of muscle fibers (muscle contraction). (medlineplus.gov)
  • The pain we feel after an intense gym session can be blamed on inflammation and tiny tears in the muscle fibers (that eventually grow back stronger and lead to #gains). (wellandgood.com)
  • Our results suggest that a conditioning contraction with submaximal intensity can sufficiently evoke sizable PAP in the muscle where most of muscle fibers are recruited at submaximal intensities, thereby attenuating muscle fatigue induced by the conditioning contraction. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The protein product of MYH16 is one of the heavy chain myosins, a kind of protein that works with actin to enable muscle fibers to contract. (johnhawks.net)
  • The sensation of pain in skeletal muscle is transmitted by myelinated group III (A-delta fiber) and unmyelinated group IV (C-fiber) afferent fibers. (medscape.com)
  • The free nerve endings are distributed primarily in the muscle connective tissue between fibers (especially in the regions of arterioles and capillaries) and at the musculotendinous junctions. (medscape.com)
  • The free nerve endings of group IV afferent fibers in muscles are polymodal and respond to a variety of stimuli, including chemical, mechanical, and thermal. (medscape.com)
  • Chemical substances that elicit action potentials in muscle group IV fibers in order of effectiveness are bradykinin, 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), histamine, and potassium. (medscape.com)
  • Electrophoresis of myofibrils and muscle homogenates on higher percentage gels also failed to demonstrate any significant differences between arm and cone regions in either the myosin light chains or any of the major insoluble and soluble contractile proteins. (duke.edu)
  • The specific effects of these TPM3 gene mutations are unclear, but researchers suggest they may interfere with normal actin-myosin binding, impairing muscle contraction and resulting in the muscle weakness that occurs in cap myopathy. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Here, we review the theoretical concepts of the Brownian ratchet theory and its possible link to the operation of the myosin II motors involved in muscle contraction. (edu.sa)
  • Herzog, W. / Force and motion generation of myosin motors : Muscle contraction . (edu.sa)
  • Ait Haddou, R & Herzog, W 2002, ' Force and motion generation of myosin motors: Muscle contraction ', Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology , vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 435-445. (edu.sa)
  • Identified cell signaling networks have defined many potential mechanisms for initiating smooth muscle contraction with or without myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) phosphorylation by myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). (elsevierpure.com)
  • For every repetition, all three groups utilized two-second concentric contractions and paused for one second between the concentric and eccentric phases. (unm.edu)
  • Exercise involving eccentric muscle contractions results in greater disruption or injury to the muscle tissues than does concentric exercise. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, any form of exercise with eccentric muscle contractions causes more DOMS than does exercise with concentric muscle contractions. (medscape.com)
  • To produce a given muscle force, fewer motor units are activated in an eccentric contraction than in a concentric contraction. (medscape.com)
  • The location of the maximum stress may provide useful information for studying muscle damage and fatigue in the future. (eduhk.hk)
  • In contrast, sustained high levels of ROS production have been linked to impaired muscle force production and contraction-induced skeletal muscle fatigue. (syr.edu)
  • SOD2) antioxidant enzymes would negatively affect force production in unfatigued diaphragm muscle but would delay the development of muscle fatigue and enhance force recovery after fatiguing contractions. (syr.edu)
  • Diaphragm muscle from wild-type littermates (WT) and from CAT, SOD1 and SOD2 overexpressing mice were subjected to an in vitro contractile protocol to investigate the force-frequency characteristics, the fatigue properties and the time course of recovery from fatigue. (syr.edu)
  • The relative development of muscle fatigue and recovery from fatigue were not influenced by transgenic overexpression of any antioxidant enzyme. (syr.edu)
  • In conclusion, our results do not support the hypothesis that overexpression of independent antioxidant enzymes protects diaphragm muscle from contraction-induced fatigue or improves recovery from fatigue. (syr.edu)
  • In 73% of the units a late increase developed in addition in parallel with muscle fatigue outlasting the contraction for 5-180 s. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • Enhancement of the late increase by muscle ischaemia indicates contribution of chemosensitive small-diameter muscle afferents, while the short lasting burst is supposed to be elicited rather by the mechanosensitive units sensitized by metabolic products liberated during contraction and/or fatigue. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • Slow muscle α-tropomyosin is found in skeletal muscles, which are the muscles used for movement. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A temporal dissociation of energy liberation and high energy phosphate splitting during shortening in frog skeletal muscles. (rupress.org)
  • Actin-accumulation myopathy is a disorder that primarily affects skeletal muscles, which are muscles that the body uses for movement. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This gene provides instructions for making a protein called skeletal alpha (α)-actin, which is a member of the actin protein family found in skeletal muscles. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Postexercise muscle soreness, also known as delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), is defined as the sensation of discomfort or pain in the skeletal muscles following physical activity, usually eccentric, to which an individual is not accustomed. (medscape.com)
  • Changes in discharge rate of 26 fusimotor neurones to medial gastrocnemius muscle were studied during isotonic fatiguing contractions of lateral gastrocnemius and soleus muscles in decerebrate cats. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • The treadmill was declined to 16 degrees to eccentrically bias contractions of the soleus muscle in the hind limbs. (cdc.gov)
  • Spinal reflex plasticity during maximal dynamic contractions after eccentric training. (google.fr)
  • Is co-contraction responsible for the decline in maximal knee joint torque in older males? (google.fr)
  • Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the duration of eccentric (i.e. 2-second, 4-second vs. 6-second) muscle contractions and their effect on muscle strength, power production, vertical jump and soreness using a plate-loaded barbell Smith squat exercise. (unm.edu)
  • Thirty college-aged males (23 ± 3.5 years, 178 ± 6.8 cm, 82 ± 12 kg and 11.6 ± 5.1 % fat) with 3.0 ± 1.0 years of resistance training experience and training frequency of 4.3 ± 0.9 days per week were randomized and assigned to one of three eccentric training groups that incorporated different patterns of contraction. (unm.edu)
  • The control group (2S) utilized two-second-eccentric contractions while the 4S group performed four-second eccentric contractions and the 6S performed six-second eccentric contractions. (unm.edu)
  • Furthermore, longer eccentric contractions may negatively impact explosive movements such as the vertical jump while shorter eccentric contractions may instigate greater amounts of soreness. (unm.edu)
  • In particular, soreness is often associated with eccentric muscle action . (wellandgood.com)
  • So if your workout included lots of eccentric muscle actions-like maybe if you lifted weights at a slower tempo than usual-it's normal to feel sore afterward. (wellandgood.com)
  • In eccentric contractions, the force is distributed over a smaller cross-sectional area of muscle. (medscape.com)
  • This study was designed to investigate the effects of dezocine, morphine and sufentanil on both intestinal smooth muscle contraction and propulsion in rats. (medsci.org)
  • We determined the effects of insulin and muscle contraction/hypoxia on PI 3-kinase, AMPK, and glucose transport activity in epitrochlearis skeletal muscle from insulin-resistant Zucker ( fa/ fa ) rats. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Insulin-stimulated glucose transport in isolated skeletal muscle was reduced 47% in obese versus lean rats, with a parallel 42% reduction in tyrosine-associated PI 3-kinase activity. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Contraction and hypoxia elicited normal responses for glucose transport in skeletal muscle from insulin-resistant obese rats. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Contraction increased AMPKα1 activity 2.3-fold in lean rats, whereas no effect was noted in obese rats. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Effects of varying work-rest cycles of downhill running on acute muscle injury in rats. (cdc.gov)
  • Since troponin T and parvalbumin have been implicated in the regulation of skeletal muscle kinetics, longitudinal variation in muscle contraction kinetics was predicted. (duke.edu)
  • Through the regulation of signal pathways related to G protein-coupled receptors, the reduction of intracellular calcium, and the subsequent opening of VDCC/NSCC, airway smooth muscle tone could be relaxed [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An opportunity to test this hypothesis is afforded by the specific response of the intramitochondrial pyridine nucleotide to an increase of concentration of adenosine diphosphate following a muscle twitch. (nature.com)
  • Eleven healthy males performed both thumb adduction and plantar flexion as a conditioning contraction. (elsevierpure.com)
  • 0.05), but not at higher intensities.These results indicate that the influence of the conditioning contraction intensity on the extent of PAP is muscle dependent. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The contraction of one segment is accompanied by relaxation of the segment immediately in front. (elifesciences.org)
  • Subsequent experiments revealed that bass rostral white muscle showed faster rates of activation and relaxation than more caudal muscle, as has been observed in white muscle of other fish species. (duke.edu)
  • Furthermore, AELL-induced smooth muscle relaxation was partially mediated by blocking voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channels (VDCC) and non-selective cation channels (NSCC). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The isometric force-length relationship, force-strain relations of the muscle-tendon complex during both shortening and lengthening contraction and muscle relaxation response were predicted using the proposed finite element model. (eduhk.hk)
  • In intact fura-2 loaded strips the application of 3 μM Y-27632, a ROCK inhibitor, or 3 μM bisindolylmaleimide I (GF109203X), a protein kinase C inhibitor, during the sustained phase of contraction induced by 1 μM CCh induced relaxation without changing [Ca 2+ ] i . (elsevierpure.com)
  • In α-toxin permeabilized strips the application of 3 μM Y-27632 or 3 μM GF109203X during the sustained contraction induced by 0.3 μM Ca 2+ plus 10 μM guanosine triphosphate and 1 μM CCh induced relaxation at constant [Ca 2+ ] i . (elsevierpure.com)
  • Energy liberation and chemical change in frog skeletal muscle during single isometric tetanic contractions. (rupress.org)
  • Cutting the L 4 - S 1 dorsal roots or muscle paralysis abolished the MRBV and MAP responses. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Background & Aims: Smooth muscle is essential for maintaining homeostasis for many body functions and provides adaptive responses to stresses imposed by pathologic disorders. (elsevierpure.com)
  • However, whether AELL has a similar relaxant role on airway smooth muscle (ASM) remains unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Airway smooth muscle (ASM), a particular cell type in the airway system, plays a vital role in airway obstruction during asthma and COPD. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), RhoA/Rho-kinase and Src-family kinases (SrcFK) have independently been implicated in airway hyper-responsiveness, but how they interact in order to regulate airway smooth muscle contractility is not fully understood. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • In cultured human airway smooth muscle cells (hASMC), TGF-β pre-treatment enhanced the protein expression of the Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor ARHGEF1, MLC20, MYPT-1 and the actin-severing protein cofilin, but not of RhoA, ROCK2 or c-Src. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Our data indicate that TGF-β enhances BK-induced contraction, RhoA translocation and Rho-kinase activity in airway smooth muscle largely via ARHGEF1, but independently of SrcFK and total RhoA-GTP content. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • The first volume included topics including the novel technique of X-ray crystallography of protein molecules, and the mechanical and thermal properties of muscle fibre operation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: Longitudinal variation in muscle protein expression and contraction kinetics of largemouth bass axial muscle. (duke.edu)
  • Longitudinal variation in muscle protein expression and contraction kinetics of largemouth bass axial muscle. (duke.edu)
  • The present study investigates muscle protein expression in largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides through intra- and intermyomeric comparisons of white muscle. (duke.edu)
  • Using denaturing SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, muscle protein expression in the arm and cone regions of sequential myomeres was compared for three bass. (duke.edu)
  • Rostral-caudal variations in white muscle protein composition and contractile properties are predicted to affect patterns of power production during fast, unsteady swimming. (duke.edu)
  • The TPM3 gene provides instructions for making a protein called slow muscle alpha (α)-tropomyosin, which is part of the tropomyosin protein family. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The name actin-accumulation myopathy derives from characteristic accumulations in muscle cells of filaments composed of a protein called actin . (medlineplus.gov)
  • While much has been discovered about the role autophagy in protein degradation, recent evidence suggests that autophagy is required for muscular adaptations to exercise, hinting at a hitherto unknown cross-talk between autophagic proteolysis and muscle protein anabolism. (wku.edu)
  • Conclusions: These results indicate that in human UBSM CCh induces contraction, not only by increasing [Ca 2+ ] i , but also by increasing the Ca 2+ sensitivity of the contractile apparatus in a ROCK and protein kinase C dependent manner. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Recent studies have demonstrated a role for the elastic protein titin in active muscle, but the mechanisms by which titin plays this role remain to be elucidated. (nau.edu)
  • In most vertebrates this protein is expressed in muscles that develop from the first pharyngeal arch, including temporalis , which in mammals is the largest muscle of the jaw. (johnhawks.net)
  • Glucose transport can be activated in skeletal muscle in response to insulin via activation of phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase and in response to contractions or hypoxia, presumably via activation of 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Sore muscles are known as delayed-onset muscle soreness , or DOMS, which can occur after physical activity, a new exercise program, or changing your exercise routine or increasing the intensity and duration of your normal workout," Tatiana Lampa , a trainer and corrective exercise specialist, previously explained to Well+Good about why our muscles get sore. (wellandgood.com)
  • At the onset of muscle contraction an increase in discharge rate, lasting for 5-220 s, occurred in all except one of the neurones. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • During 2008–2010, a confirmed case was defined by the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) as a patient with acute onset of hypertonia or painful muscular contractions (usually of the muscles of the jaw and neck) and generalized muscle spasms without other apparent medical cause. (cdc.gov)
  • AELL, which plays a relaxant role in ASM, might be a new complementary treatment to treat abnormal contractions of the trachea and asthma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These filaments can be seen when muscle tissue is viewed under a microscope. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Attachment (binding) and release of the overlapping thick and thin filaments allows them to move relative to each other so that the muscles can contract. (medlineplus.gov)
  • L6 myoblasts received either electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) to induce muscle contraction or were unstimulated to serve as controls, and were then treated with an inhibitor of the ATG4 enzyme which catalyzes the initial step of autophagy NSC185058 (NSC, 100 μM) or DMSO as a vehicle control (VC). (wku.edu)
  • Thus reflex stimulation of RSNA from the contracting muscle can induce renal vasoconstriction and decrease renal blood flow. (elsevierpure.com)
  • However, intense or lingering muscle soreness isn't always a sign that you worked too hard, either. (wellandgood.com)
  • Soreness is typically triggered by activities you aren't accustomed to, so if you tried a new class or went water skiing on vacation, don't be surprised if your muscles ache afterward. (wellandgood.com)
  • If your muscle soreness often lingers, that might just be what's typical for your body. (wellandgood.com)
  • If you happen to have that gene for high inflammation paired with low SOD2, you may be more prone to having muscle soreness for days after a hard workout," says Roethlingshoefer. (wellandgood.com)
  • Only temporary morbidity (pain, soreness, reduced muscle performance) is associated with DOMS. (medscape.com)
  • In skeletal muscle from insulin-resistant diabetic rodents, glucose transport defects are not observed in response to contraction, a stimulus known to increase glucose transport by an insulin-independent mechanism ( 13 - 15 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Morphine and sufentanil may dose dependently increase the contractile tension and contraction ability of isolated rat small intestine smooth muscle, while dezocine has no significant effect on intestine smooth muscle contraction. (medsci.org)
  • The effect of contraction and of epinephrine on the phosphorylase activity of frog sartorius muscle. (wustl.edu)
  • Results of the present investigation suggest that intermittent rest periods provide a protective effect against acute muscle injury, and provide evidence that a rodent treadmill model may be a useful model for the study of musculoskeletal injury and the effects of various exercise and work practices. (cdc.gov)
  • The biomarkers of exposure and effect section (Section 3.8) is well written, significant number of citations, and provides a strong platform for understating the exposure scenarios. (cdc.gov)
  • Muscle fiber CV and instantaneous mean power spectral frequency were estimated for each cycle at the time instant corresponding to 90 degrees of shoulder flexion. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • This increase of concentration of adenosine diphosphate has been shown by spectro-photometric observations to cause an oxidation of reduced pyridine nucleotide of the mitochondria both in the isolated mitochondria 2 and intact muscles 3 . (nature.com)
  • The winding filament hypothesis accounts for force enhancement during stretch and force depression during shortening, and provides testable predictions that will encourage new directions for research on mechanisms of muscle contraction. (nau.edu)
  • For example, during axial locomotion such as lamprey swimming and Drosophila larval crawling, muscles present in each segment are sequentially activated along the body axis in a stereotypic temporal and spatial pattern ( Grillner, 2003 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Recent data obtained from Rana temporaria sartorius muscles during an isometric tetanus indicate that the time-course of phosphocreatine (PC) splitting cannot account for the total energy (heat + work) liberation (Gilbert et al. (rupress.org)
  • Tetanus is an acute and sometimes fatal disease characterized by sudden muscle contractions. (cdc.gov)
  • The purpose of this study was to compare average muscle fiber conduction velocity (CV) and its changes over time in the upper trapezius muscle during a repetitive upper limb task in people with chronic neck pain and in healthy controls. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Histological and enzyme assay tecniques were used to assess acute muscle injury. (cdc.gov)
  • Throughout the animal kingdom, from insects to mammals, animals possess specialized circuits of neurons that are responsible for producing these patterns of muscle contraction. (elifesciences.org)
  • This system is called the goal is to propose a static proprioception proprioception, and it can benefit from specific exercise program, considering the oscillatory exercises for improving the effectiveness of behaviour and displacement of the body's centre contraction, strength, and muscle reaction time that of mass, during pre- and post-training. (bvsalud.org)
  • Contractile tension and frequency of isolated rat small intestine smooth muscle were measured using tension transducer after incubation with different concentrations of dezocine, morphine and sufentanil. (medsci.org)
  • Percent of change in contractile tension and contraction frequency compared to baseline level were calculated to evaluate muscle contraction. (medsci.org)
  • The contraction frequency did not change significantly among the 3 tested doses. (medsci.org)
  • Increasing the dose of dezocine from 1.7 mg.L -1 to 10.2 mg.L -1 did not change either the contractile tension or the contraction frequency. (medsci.org)
  • Morphine and sufentanil significantly increased the contractile tension of isolated small intestine smooth muscle at high doses. (medsci.org)
  • According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 3.667, and a CiteScore of 5.8. (wikipedia.org)
  • Isokinetics and Exercise Science (IES) is an international journal devoted to the study of theoretical and applied aspects of human muscle performance. (iospress.com)
  • The journal also publishes studies on applications in clinical settings and technical aspects of the various measurement systems employed in human muscle performance research. (iospress.com)
  • As this conclusion is important to an understanding of the chemical energetics of contraction, similar experments were performed on unpoisoned, oxygenated Rana pipiens sartorius muscles. (rupress.org)
  • We aimed to examine whether the influence of conditioning contraction intensity on the extent of postactivation potentiation (PAP) is muscle dependent. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Animals move by adaptively coordinating the sequential activation of muscles. (elifesciences.org)
  • In active muscle, Ca 2+ -binding has been shown to increase titin stiffness, but the observed increase is too small to explain the increased stiffness of parallel elastic elements upon muscle activation. (nau.edu)
  • Activation of AMPKα2 in response to muscle contraction/ exercise is associated with a parallel and normal increase in glucose transport in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Purpose: The role of Ca 2+ sensitization in the contraction of human bladder urinary smooth muscle (UBSM) was investigated. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Le d compte "Cit e par" inclut les citations des articles suivants dans Google Scholar. (google.fr)
  • Alkaloids extracted from lotus leaves (AELL) can relax vascular smooth muscle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Forray , C et al "The alpha 1-adrenergic receptor that mediates smooth muscle contraction in human prostate has the pharmacological properties of the cloned human alpha 1c subtype. (aspetjournals.org)
  • A role for smooth muscle ARHGEF1 in asthmatic airway hyper-responsiveness is worthy of further investigation. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • We generated tamoxifen-inducible and smooth muscle-specific MLCK knockout (KO) mice and provide direct loss-of-function evidence that shows the primary importance of MLCK in phasic smooth muscle contractions. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Smooth muscle-specific MLCK KO mice were generated by crossing Mlck floxed mice with SM-CreER T2 (ki) mice followed by tamoxifen treatment. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Results: Targeted deletion of MLCK in adult mouse smooth muscle resulted in severe gut dysmotility characterized by weak peristalsis, dilation of the digestive tract, and reduction of feces excretion and food intake. (elsevierpure.com)