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Myocardial BridgingCoronary Vessel AnomaliesCoronary AngiographyCoronary VesselsMyocardial IschemiaCoronary CirculationIschemiaInferior Wall Myocardial InfarctionArteriesMultidetector Computed TomographyElectrocardiographyCoronary DiseaseBrain IschemiaUltrasonography, InterventionalCoronary Artery BypassDogsTakotsubo CardiomyopathyCardiomyopathy, HypertrophicCoronary SinusCoronary StenosisCoronary Artery DiseaseFemoral ArteryMyocardial InfarctionEchocardiographyMammary ArteriesMyocardiumCoronary OcclusionCoronary AneurysmCollateral CirculationPulmonary ArteryTreatment OutcomeConstriction, PathologicFollow-Up StudiesHemodynamicsMyocardial ContractionBlood Flow VelocityAutopsyDeath, Sudden, CardiacSwine, MiniatureAngioplasty, Balloon, CoronarySwineCerebral ArteriesCarotid ArteriesStentsTime FactorsCardiac CatheterizationMyocardial ReperfusionCoronary VasospasmHeartRenal ArteryMesenteric ArteriesRetrospective StudiesAngina PectorisSinus of ValsalvaCadaverTomography, X-Ray ComputedThallium RadioisotopesReperfusion InjuryDisease Models, AnimalMitral ValveBasilar ArteryArteriovenous FistulaCoronary ThrombosisRadial ArteryVentricular Function, LeftIliac Artery
Percutaneous coronary intInfarctionRight coronaFemoralStenosisAcuteImage the coronary arteriesProximalDepicting the coronary arteriesPosteriorPerfusion scintigraphyEpicardial coronaryCardiacCoronary angiographyEchocardiographyOstiaMyocardiumLeftInferiorLesionRadionuclideSubendocardialAnginaDiagnosisClinical significanceOxygenChronicLumenCongenitalPatientsBranchTissueAnatomySudden deathSmall branchesSinusAnomalousSignificantlyUnstableBloodStentAorticVeinsImagingHeartWallPresent
Percutaneous coronary int4
  • Herein, we report a case of WCA in right coronary artery (RCA) successfully managed with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after abnormal myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. (hindawi.com)
  • CABG may be performed as an emergency procedure in the context of an ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI) in cases where it has not been possible to perform percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or where PCI has failed and there is persistent pain and ischemia threatening a significant area of myocardium despite medical therapy. (medscape.com)
  • This is true in both acute and routine presentations, either via percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. (teachmesurgery.com)
  • Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) involves a guidewire introduced via a puncture into the radial or femoral artery, passing up to the coronary arteries under radiological guidance . (teachmesurgery.com)
Infarction12
Right corona6
  • Woven coronary artery anomaly at the midsegment of the right coronary artery. (hindawi.com)
  • Right coronary artery and TIMI III flow after floppy guidewires. (hindawi.com)
  • Right coronary artery and WCA after first distal stent implantation. (hindawi.com)
  • The right coronary artery (RCA) most commonly arises separately from an ostium just below the sinotubular junction of the right (right anterior) sinus of Valsalva. (medscape.com)
  • A coronary artery stenosis of oxygen to treat AF the right coronary artery is essential tremor, hyperreflexia, hyperactivity, enlarged bronchial arteries, a standard CAD. (sonriseaog.church)
  • There are two primary arteries supplying the heart, the left coronary artery and the right coronary artery . (wikidoc.org)
Femoral3
  • We performed coronary angiography by using the Judkins technique from right femoral artery. (hindawi.com)
  • He arrived in PEA arrest with a slow and wide cardiac waveform during initial rhythm check, with faint cardiac activity on US but no palpable or visible femoral pulse on US of the femoral artery. (blogspot.com)
  • The CT angio showed a type A aortic dissection extending from the aortic root proximally to the carotid and left subclavian artery and distally to the common femoral arteries. (blogspot.com)
Stenosis2
  • There were plaques at LAD and %50 stenosis at proximal Circumflex arteries, the lesions were considered to be insignificant (Figure 1 ), and the patient had woven RCA (Figures 2 and 3 ). (hindawi.com)
  • the site and degree of stenosis within the coronary arteries can then be identified. (teachmesurgery.com)
Acute5
  • Woven coronary artery is relatively rare and can be complicated in both acute and chronic phases. (hindawi.com)
  • Woven coronary artery (WCA) is a very rare congenital anomaly which can affect both RCA and LAD and may lead to acute coronary syndromes in some circumstances [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The primary purpose of the electrocardiogram is to detect ischemia or acute coronary injury in broad, symptomatic emergency department populations. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] The 12 lead ECG is used to classify patients into one of three groups: those with ST segment elevation or new bundle branch block (suspicious for acute injury and a possible candidate for acute reperfusion therapy with thrombolytics or primary PCI), those with ST segment depression or T wave inversion (suspicious for ischemia), and those with a so-called non-diagnostic or normal ECG. (wikipedia.org)
  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) can result from a variety of etiologies (e.g., ischemia, toxicity, and sepsis) and is characterized by high rates of morbidity and mortality. (biolifesas.org)
Image the coronary arteries1
  • Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is a noninvasive method to image the coronary arteries. (medscape.com)
Proximal1
  • The sinus node artery arises from the proximal RCA in approximately 50% of patients. (medscape.com)
Depicting the coronary arteries2
Posterior7
  • In 90% of patients, the RCA supplies the posterior descending coronary artery branch at the crux of the heart, which supplies the atrioventricular (AV) node and the posterior aspect of the interventricular septum. (medscape.com)
  • Should the Cx coronary reach the crux of the heart and supply the posterior descending coronary artery, the left coronary system would be termed dominant. (medscape.com)
  • The distinction between posterior OMI and subendocardial ischemia can be important and sometimes difficult. (blogspot.com)
  • Usually, ST depression proportionally maximal in V1-V4 indicates posterior OMI, whereas ST depression maximal in V5-V6 (with similar STD in II and reciprocal STE in aVR) indicates subendocardial ischemia. (blogspot.com)
  • The STE in aVL should probably be considered lateral OMI until proven otherwise (thus also making posterior OMI more likely), but in subendocardial ischemia the leads with upward/superior components (aVR, V1, aVL) can all show reciprocal STE from the diffuse downward and leftward STD. (blogspot.com)
  • Ischemic ST depression includes posterior OMI and subendocardial ischemia. (blogspot.com)
  • Usually the STD of posterior OMI improves and resolves from V4 to V6, whereas subendocardial ischemia STD typically persists or worsens from V4 to V6. (blogspot.com)
Perfusion scintigraphy2
  • Of the 29 patients with myocardial bridge, 2 patients without any symptom, demonstrated ischaemia as assessed by Tc-99m MIBI myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. (annals.edu.sg)
  • therefore thallium-myocardial perfusion scintigraphy was performed in order to assess ischemic burden of RCA territory. (hindawi.com)
Epicardial coronary3
Cardiac7
  • The Latin term corona, or crown, aptly describes coronary arteries that supply cardiac parenchyma with nutrient blood flow. (medscape.com)
  • Imaging tests such as stress radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging or stress echocardiography can confirm a diagnosis when a person's history, physical exam, ECG and cardiac biomarkers suggest the likelihood of a problem. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cardiac markers or cardiac enzymes are proteins that leak out of injured myocardial cells through their damaged cell membranes into the bloodstream. (wikipedia.org)
  • Now, the markers most widely used in detection of MI are MB subtype of the enzyme creatine kinase and cardiac troponins T and I as they are more specific for myocardial injury. (wikipedia.org)
  • Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is performed for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) to improve quality of life and reduce cardiac-related mortality. (medscape.com)
  • Anomalous Aortic Origin of Coronary Artery (AAOCA) is the 2nd most common cause of sudden cardiac death in the young. (abstractarchives.com)
  • However, case reports of severe cardiac symptoms such as myocardial ischemia, arrhythmia, and even sudden cardiac death have been sporadically reported. (abstractarchives.com)
Coronary angiography3
Echocardiography2
Ostia1
Myocardium4
  • The coronary arteries are the vessels that deliver oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium. (wikidoc.org)
  • Subendocardial coronary arteries run deep within the myocardium. (wikidoc.org)
  • The coronary arteries are classified as end circulation, since they represent the only source of blood supply to the myocardium: there is very little redundant blood supply, which is why blockage of these vessels can be so critical. (wikidoc.org)
  • Narrowing or occlusion of these arteries result in reduced blood flow to the myocardium (Fig. 2), thereby reducing the capability to match myocardial metabolic demand . (teachmesurgery.com)
Left13
  • Myocardial bridge is more frequently found in the middle segment of the left anterior descending coronary artery. (annals.edu.sg)
  • Myocardial bridge was first described by Reyman in 1737 as an anatomical curiosity - the overlaying of the left anterior descending coronary artery by a myocardial bridge. (annals.edu.sg)
  • Previously published cases about this subject have shown that this anomaly may affect both right and left coronary artery (LAD). (hindawi.com)
  • Inferior wall ischemia was detected which approximately refers to %14 of left ventricle. (hindawi.com)
  • Plaques at left anterior descending artery and borderline lesion ostial Circumflex artery. (hindawi.com)
  • Inter = intermedius branch of the left coronary artery. (medscape.com)
  • The left coronary artery (LCA) arises from the mid position of the left (left anterior) sinus of Valsalva (sinuses on either side of the point of aortic and pulmonary commissural contact) just above the level of the free margin of the aortic valve leaflet and generally below the sinotubular junction. (medscape.com)
  • The left coronary ostium is usually single, giving rise to a short, common LCA trunk that branches into the left anterior descending (LAD) and circumflex (Cx) coronary arteries. (medscape.com)
  • The Cx coronary artery courses along the left AV groove, around the obtuse margin, and posteriorly toward the crux of the heart. (medscape.com)
  • Selective injection image of the left coronary arteries. (medscape.com)
  • D1 = first diagonal, LAD = left anterior descending artery, LCX = left circumflex, LM = left main coronary artery, and OM1= first obtuse marginal. (medscape.com)
  • Transseptal course is defined as the anomalous course of left coronary artery (LCA) after its anomalous origin from the opposite sinus, when the coronary artery takes a sharp turn to dip into the basal interventricular septum behind the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) and emerge laterally to the epicardial surface. (abstractarchives.com)
  • The left circumflex artery (LCx) also had anomalous origin from the right sinus of Valsalva with retroaortic course and a fistula with pulmonary artery. (abstractarchives.com)
Inferior1
  • CX Circumflex inferior surfaces of ways to the balloon, the day, your surgeon will fuse to establish moricizine's efficacy and the development of shock include a medical condition. (sonriseaog.church)
Lesion2
  • We also a through lifestyle changes early in the heart (coronary) arteries branch of the lesion. (sonriseaog.church)
  • A catheter containing a balloon is then passed over the guidewire and aligned with the lesion, for the balloon to then be inflated to restore the normal width of the lumen and re-establish blood flow through the artery (Fig. 4). (teachmesurgery.com)
Radionuclide1
  • The results of this assessment of the delayed arrival compares favorably to the findings of radionuclide stress imaging, and stress induction of ischemia is not required to identify the zone at risk. (medscape.com)
Subendocardial4
  • whereas, in subendocardial ischemia, the STD persists in severity or worsens from V4 to V6. (blogspot.com)
  • STD maximal in V5-6 and lead II, with reciprocal STE in aVR, typically indicates global supply/demand mismatch subendocardial ischemia, which can be due to a huge variety of clinical causes, including life-threatening ACS. (blogspot.com)
  • Smaller arteries dive deep into the heart muscle and are called subendocardial coronary arteries. (wikidoc.org)
  • As a result most myocardial perfusion occurs during heart relaxation ( diastole ) when the subendocardial coronary vessels are patent and under low pressure. (wikidoc.org)
Angina3
  • Brief ischemia is associated with intense chest pain, known as angina . (wikidoc.org)
  • Importantly, in cases of stable angina, this typically occurs during exertion , but is relieved with rest. (teachmesurgery.com)
  • Patients with coronary artery disease should typically be started on an anti-platelet agent , a beta-blocker , and a calcium channel blockers , alongside a short-acting nitrate (typically a glyceryl tri-nitrate (GTN)) spray, as first-line treatment for symptomatic relief of angina. (teachmesurgery.com)
Diagnosis1
  • The differential diagnosis should include recanalized thrombus, spontaneous coronary artery dissection, and bridging collaterals [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Clinical significance1
  • Little is known of the clinical significance of myocardial bridges, which may be recognised as the narrowing of the systolic coronary artery as seen in an angiography. (annals.edu.sg)
Oxygen3
  • The aims of premedication are to minimize myocardial oxygen demands by reducing heart rate and systemic arterial pressure and to improve myocardial blood flow with vasodilators. (medscape.com)
  • It is therefore somewhat resistant to coronary ischemia (insufficiency of oxygen-rich blood). (wikidoc.org)
  • Failure of oxygen delivery via increases in blood flow to meet the increased oxygen demand of the heart results in tissue ischemia, a condition of oxygen debt. (wikidoc.org)
Chronic1
Lumen2
  • The main angiographic evidence of a myocardial bridge that we required was the narrowing of a systolic coronary artery resulting in at least 50% reduction of lumen diameter in comparison with the diastolic phase. (annals.edu.sg)
  • Thereafter these channels merge again in order to form the main coronary lumen after twisting along anomalous artery axis [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Congenital1
  • Woven coronary artery (WCA) disease is an extremely rare congenital anomaly with unexplained etiology [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Patients2
  • Each of these patients with myocardial bridge was referred for angiography because of symptom of chest pain alone or symptom of chest pain, palpitations and dyspnoea. (annals.edu.sg)
  • Chest pain was the common reason for angiography in patients with myocardial bridge. (annals.edu.sg)
Branch2
  • The administration of sublingual nitroglycerin dilates the coronary arteries and increases side branch visualization. (medscape.com)
  • The name and nature of a coronary artery or branch is defined by that vessel's distal vascularization pattern or territory, rather than by its origin. (medscape.com)
Tissue1
Anatomy2
Sudden death1
  • Importantly, coronary artery anomalies are a cause of sudden death in young athletes in the absence of additional heart abnormalities. (medscape.com)
Small branches1
  • Small areas of dura are supplied by other arteries: meningeal branches of the ophthalmic arteries, branches of the occipital arteries, and small branches of the vertebral arteries. (gov.gy)
Sinus1
  • The blood does not collect within a preexisting space, but rather creates a space at the Fractures of Cranial Base In fractures of the cranial base, the internal carotid artery may be torn, producing an arteriovenous fistula within the cavernous sinus. (gov.gy)
Anomalous1
Significantly1
  • This makes the posteromedial papillary muscle significantly more susceptible to ischemia. (wikidoc.org)
Unstable1
Blood6
  • Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a complex disease that causes reduced or absent blood flow in one or more of the arteries that encircle and supply the heart. (medscape.com)
  • Some CAD often used for new blood pressure), and Artery Bypass Surgery. (sonriseaog.church)
  • A number of each day with steam at least 5 mg i. coughing, lifting for the maker and record low blood flow may not come with hearts arteries that can reduce the stomach. (sonriseaog.church)
  • These arteries, when healthy, are capable of autoregulation to maintain coronary blood flow at levels appropriate to the needs of the heart muscle . (wikidoc.org)
  • he coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle itself. (wikidoc.org)
  • Blood from torn branches of a middle meningeal artery collects between the external periosteal layer of the dura and the calvaria. (gov.gy)
Stent1
  • Herein we report a case with right woven coronary artery managed with drug-eluted stent implantation without complication. (hindawi.com)
Aortic1
  • Coronary arteries (most often two) are normally the only vessels arising immediately above the free margin of aortic valve from the ascending aorta. (medscape.com)
Veins1
  • Anteromedially, it passes between the laminae and through the intervertebral foramina to communicate with the internal vertebral venous plexus and veins around the vertebral artery. (gov.gy)
Imaging1
  • CT myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECIFIC trial). (stanford.edu)
Heart2
Wall1
  • Please complete the needle into the circumflex artery wall of menaquinone (), if a PE. (sonriseaog.church)
Present3
  • Myocardial bridge was present in 29 (0.4%) of the 7200 coronary angiographies. (annals.edu.sg)
  • The ensuing vasoplegia, coagulopathy, and depressed myocardial function present numerous challenges during the weaning process, as well as during the following hours in the intensive care unit (ICU). (medscape.com)
  • Diseases of the coronary arteries are rare in children, but can present as unexpected catastrophic events without preceding symptoms. (abstractarchives.com)