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Aquaporin 1Aquaporin 5Aquaporin 3Aquaporin 4AquaporinsAquaporin 2Aquaporin 6WaterMercuric ChlorideOsmosisAquaglyceroporinsBlood Group AntigensPathologyWater-Electrolyte BalanceGlycerolPermeabilityCell Membrane PermeabilityPlant TranspirationKidney Tubules, CollectingKidney Concentrating AbilityDiabetes Insipidus, NephrogenicPlant ProteinsIon ChannelsNeuromyelitis OpticaPolyuriaBiological TransportPathology, ClinicalXenopus laevisOsmotic PressurePathology, SurgicalMolecular Sequence DataOocytesAntidiuretic AgentsAmino Acid SequenceTulipaVapor PressureImmunohistochemistryCistaceaePlant RootsBrain EdemaMercury CompoundsMembrane ProteinsCell MembraneEye ProteinsLens, CrystallineGene Expression Regulation, PlantBody WaterRenal AgentsAnguillaOsmolar ConcentrationRNA, MessengerVasopressinsDehydrationKidneySalivary GlandsGlomeromycotaMicroscopy, Electron, Scanning TransmissionMyceliumDeamino Arginine VasopressinPropylene GlycolAstrocytesDisease Models, AnimalMesophyll CellsReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionGene ExpressionMesembryanthemumSubmandibular GlandKidney MedullaRats, Sprague-DawleyMice, KnockoutBlotting, WesternReceptors, VasopressinDroughtsMercuryXenopusProtein TransportNobel PrizeGlial Fibrillary Acidic ProteinSpinacia oleraceaGlycerol KinaseBase SequenceGene Expression RegulationPichiaFragariaRats, BrattleboroProteolipidsPlant StomataSaline Solution, HypertonicAntimony Potassium TartratePlant LeavesImmunoblottingSequence Homology, Amino AcidMalpighian TubulesMicroscopy, ImmunoelectronModels, MolecularBrainDNA PrimersRNA, ComplementaryPhloretinPathology Department, Hospital
Multiple SclerosisDisordersEncephalomyelitisInflammationInflammatory autoimmuneDiseasesSystemicAntibodiesReactivityNeurologicalAQP4LesionsSpinalDemyelination2023PathogenesisOpticSyndromesTreatmentsAntigenAcuteSpectrumPsychiatricSecretionComplementClinicalDiagnosisProtein2020LaboratoryInvolvementCentral nervouInfectionMechanismsPatientsWaterRapidlyFormTestsRoleGroupCellsCasesCommonFound
Multiple Sclerosis11
  • Over the past two decades, the development of targeted immunotherapeutics for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis has been successfully orchestrated through the efficacious modulation of neuroinflammatory outcomes demonstrated in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. (medsci.org)
  • Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with hallmarks of myelin degeneration and axonopathy [ 1 ]. (medsci.org)
  • The overlapping clinical features of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-antibody (Ab) neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-Ab disease mean that detection of disease specific serum antibodies is the gold standard in diagnostics. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. (clinlabint.com)
  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is recognized as a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system through autoimmune involvement of the brain and spinal cord (1-4). (drnasermoghadasi.com)
  • 4.Sahraian MA, Azimi A, Navardi S, Ala S, Naser Moghadasi A . Evaluation of the rate of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization and death among Iranian patients with multiple sclerosis . (drnasermoghadasi.com)
  • They are sometimes considered different diseases from Multiple Sclerosis, [4] [5] but considered by others to form a spectrum differing only in terms of chronicity, severity, and clinical course. (mdwiki.org)
  • Anti-MOG associated spectrum , often clinically presented as an anti- MOG autoimmune encephalomyelitis , [21] [22] but can also appear as negative NMO or atypical multiple sclerosis. (mdwiki.org)
  • Our findings suggest that chronic inflammation is frequent and leads to neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica, regardless of disease stage. (ox.ac.uk)
  • His research focuses on what provokes relapses and remissions in multiple sclerosis (MS), and on the quest for antigen specific therapy in autoimmune disease. (neuroimmune.org)
  • Background: Persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) might be particularly well suited to benefit from digital health applications because they are, on average, younger and less severely disabled than patients with many other chronic diseases. (inims.de)
Disorders4
  • Autoimmune and paraneoplastic neurological disorders: A review of relevant neuroimaging findings. (cuanschutz.edu)
  • Autoantibodies recognising endocrine organs are found alone or with related autoantibodies in a group of complex disorders termed Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndromes (APS). (southtees.nhs.uk)
  • These autoantibodies are found individually or together in autoimmune disorders forming part of two types of polyglandular autoimmune syndromes (PAS). (southtees.nhs.uk)
  • The discovery of NMDAR autoantibodies in 2007/8 by Josep Dalmau and his group and the since-emerging recognition and definition of Autoimmune Encephalitis (AE) for a widening spectrum of neurological disorders ( 4 , 5 ) have especially moved the field, because AE can be well diagnosed as a result of presenting with severe neurologic symptoms. (edupony.com)
Encephalomyelitis1
  • citation needed] According to one of the researchers involved in the original research, "Two patterns (I and II) showed close similarities to T-cell-mediated or T-cell plus antibody-mediated autoimmune encephalomyelitis, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
Inflammation5
  • The chronic inflammation and subsequent neurodegeneration occurring along the optic pathway broadens the plaque-centred view of these diseases and partly explains the progressive neuroretinal changes observed in optic coherence tomography studies. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Within a framework of the gut-brain axis, Dr. Severance will review the role of inflammation, infectious agents, food antigens, gut dysbioses, endothelial barrier instabilities and autoantibody propagation on CNS pathologies such as neurotransmitter receptor hypofunction and complement pathway-mediated synaptic pruning. (neuroimmune.org)
  • Inflammation is known to exacerbate AD pathogenesis [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Another characteristic is that senescent cells that accumulate in body tissues over time cause chronic inflammation through the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, termed senescence-associated secretory phenotype. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chronic inflammation associated with aging has been called "inflammaging," and similar age-related diseases are becoming an urgent social problem. (biomedcentral.com)
Inflammatory autoimmune1
  • Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune skin disease, characterized by the formation of erythematous scaly plaques on the skin and joints. (clinlabint.com)
Diseases7
  • There are many peer-reviewed papers covering the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases, and it is frequently difficult for healthcare professionals to keep up with the literature. (clinlabint.com)
  • This extensive immune cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and different antigen groups may play a role in the multi-system disease process of COVID-19, influence the severity of the disease, precipitate the onset of autoimmunity in susceptible subgroups, and potentially exacerbate autoimmunity in subjects that have pre-existing autoimmune diseases. (frontiersin.org)
  • Inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs), sometimes called Idiopathic (IIDDs) due to the unknown etiology of some of them, are a heterogenous group of demyelinating diseases - conditions that cause damage to myelin , the protective sheath of nerve fibers - that occur against the background of an acute or chronic inflammatory process. (mdwiki.org)
  • Anterior optic pathway pathology in CNS demyelinating diseases. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Microfibrillar-associated protein 4 as a potential marker of acute relapse in inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system: Pathological and clinical aspects. (cuanschutz.edu)
  • The best diagnostic services are available at the cytology unit, including pap smears and other types of swabs, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) for tumors and chronic diseases, early detection of cancer or precancer diagnosis, with priority given to cancer patients. (karbalahospital.org)
  • 2 3 4 5 6 ] However, a more recent population-based survey conducted in urban Mangalore has shown a prevalence of 8.3/100,000 for MS and 2.6/100,000 for neuromyelitis optic spectrum diseases (NMOSD). (lww.com)
Systemic2
  • Sjögren syndrome is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that can be classified as primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) when presenting in isolation or secondary when related to another connective tissue disease. (ajnr.org)
  • Longitudinally extensive myelitis or optic neuritis associated with systemic autoimmune disease. (mdwiki.org)
Antibodies5
  • Only a few biomarkers are available in MS clinical practice, such as cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands and immunoglobulin index, serum anti-aquaporin 4 antibodies, and serum anti-John Cunningham virus antibodies. (clinlabint.com)
  • In this mechanism, antibodies formed against SARS-CoV-2 would also bind to human tissue proteins leading to autoimmune reactivity. (frontiersin.org)
  • The anti-mog spectrum in children is equally variated: Out of a sample of 41 children with MOG-antibodies 29 had clinical NMOSD (17 relapsing), 8 had ADEM (4 relapsing with ADEM-ON), 3 had a single clinical event CIS, and 1 had a relapsing tumefactive disorder. (mdwiki.org)
  • The discovery of new antibodies has improved our understanding of the pathology of the disease. (lww.com)
  • Interestingly, it seems that about 20% of patients who are seronegative for the aquaporin-4 protein and who have NMOSD features also have antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoproteins (MOGs). (medscape.com)
Reactivity1
  • In neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, cases with a history of optic neuritis had extensive demyelination and lost aquaporin-4 reactivity. (ox.ac.uk)
Neurological2
  • Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder characterised by spontaneous seizures which can severely impact quality of life. (dcu.ie)
  • Most important, the early stages of AE are associated with various and varying, initially pure psychiatric syndromes, with neurological symptoms appearing only later in more severe stages, in addition to psychiatric syndromes ( 4 , 5 ). (edupony.com)
AQP41
  • Of particular interest is the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) which mislocalises in epilepsy. (dcu.ie)
Lesions4
  • Referring to MS, the physiology refers to the different processes that lead to the development of the lesions and the pathology refers to the condition associated with the lesions. (wikipedia.org)
  • 34062569 ) This is most closely associated with demyelinating lesions, but may also occur with other pathologies. (emcrit.org)
  • MRI of the spine showed multifocal, longitudinally extensive, partially enhancing lesions of the central thoracic spinal cord and gray matter of the conus medullaris, with a single cervical level of canal stenosis with partial cord compression (presumably chronic and not acute). (cdc.gov)
  • 4 ⇓ - 6 The current data from MRI studies support an increased frequency of high signal intensity lesions in the periventricular and/or subcortical WM on FLAIR and T2-weighted imaging, observed mainly in patients with pSS and evidence of CNS disease. (ajnr.org)
Spinal1
  • The first step towards diagnosis and therapy is recognizing that the patient has some sort of spinal cord pathology. (emcrit.org)
Demyelination1
  • Follicle-like aggregates in the meninges are formed only in secondary progressive MS. and correlate with the degree of subpial cortical demyelination and brain atrophy, suggesting that they might contribute to cortical pathology in SPMS These ectopic lymphoid follicles are composed mainly of EBV infected B-cells. (wikipedia.org)
20231
Pathogenesis3
  • However, under the "wrong" environmental circumstances, polyfunctional T-cells(poly-T) can drive autoimmune-disease pathogenesis. (dcu.ie)
  • Numerous clinical trials conducted in participants living with relapsing MS and PPMS have contributed to the understanding of MS pathogenesis allowing for development and management of this heterogeneous disease through targeted disease modifying therapies (DMTs) as the stochastic nature of symptoms evolve [ 4 ]. (medsci.org)
  • Accumulation of these mediators culminates in chronic neuroinflammation that exacerbates AD pathogenesis [ 4 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Optic1
  • OCT at onset of ON is also potentially confounded by edema of the optic disc, which may lead to overestimates of baseline RNFL.4 Ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness, another OCT measure, is not confounded by disc edema but declines in a similar time frame to RNFL and therefore may be more useful as a baseline measurement. (clevelandclinic.org)
Syndromes1
Treatments3
  • Current treatments for this pathology include modifying lifestyle, synthetic saliva supplementation, and the utilization of salivary gland stimulants and sialagogues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This was strongly reinforced by single case reports of successful immune modulatory treatments of cases of Autoimmune Psychosis (AP), with AP cases not fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of AE ( 8 - 13 ). (edupony.com)
  • Results Chemical substance notoginseng nanoparticles is effective in reducing the particular contents of TNF-α and also IL-6 in solution while increasing the particular appearance of IL-2 inside rodents with craniocerebral harm.We all present an explanation involving approach to wide open midline extraperitoneal medical procedures for your treatments for retroperitoneal pathology. (fak-signal.com)
Antigen1
  • Methods To assess GlyRα1-IgGs as biomarkers of SPS spectrum among patients and controls, specimens were tested using cell-based assays (binding [4°C] and modulating [antigen endocytosing, 37°C]). Medical records of seropositive patients were reviewed. (neurology.org)
Acute1
  • The pattern of RNFL thinning most specific to MS is temporal.3 RNFL can appear normal in the acute setting but starts to decline within 4 weeks of ON. (clevelandclinic.org)
Spectrum1
  • Results GlyRα1-IgG (binding antibody) was detected in 21 of 247 patients with suspected SPS spectrum (8.5%) and in 8 of 190 healthy subject sera (4%) but not CSF. (neurology.org)
Psychiatric1
  • 4 , 5 , 7 The estimated frequency of CNS involvement ranges from 10-60% in different reports, depending on the parameters studied (eg, patient selection, diagnostic criteria, etc). 4 ⇓ - 6 Patients with pSS can present with a wide range of focal or diffuse neurologic or psychiatric manifestations, including motor/sensory deficits, transverse myelitis, and cognitive impairment. (ajnr.org)
Secretion1
  • Increased cAMP promotes protein kinase A activity, among other effectors, and, in turn, leads to cyst growth by promoting proliferation and fluid secretion of cyst-lining cells through chloride and aquaporin channels in ADPKD kidneys. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Complement1
  • There has been much debate as to the role of rare genetic variation on complex traits ( 2 - 4 ) and how rare variant studies complement GWASs ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Clinical1
  • I am board certified in Anatomic Pathology (National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD) and Dermatopathology (UT MD Anderson Cancer Center) and have a previous residency in Anatomic and Clinical Pathology (Universidad Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru). (mdanderson.org)
Diagnosis1
  • 1, 4, 7, 8 A clinician should further narrow the diagnosis based on the timing of symptoms and associated features (Below). (clevelandclinic.org)
Protein1
  • Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy is a form of monophasic or relapsing steroid-responsive meningoencephalomyelitis often accompanied by a hallmark radial periventricular brain MRI enhancement pattern and inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid with lymphocytic pleocytosis. (medlink.com)
20201
Laboratory1
Involvement1
  • 4 ⇓ - 6 Although involvement of the peripheral nervous system is a well-documented feature of the disease, the prevalence, the type, and the underlying mechanism of CNS involvement remain unclear. (ajnr.org)
Central nervou1
Infection1
  • Third, are there any concerns for autoimmune development with either infection or vaccination with SARS-CoV-2? (frontiersin.org)
Mechanisms1
  • Recent histopathology studies of patients with fully conformational MOG-Ab showed features compatible with pattern II MS pathology, reflecting humoral mediated mechanisms [ 42 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Patients1
  • Objective improvements in SPS neurologic symptoms were recorded in 16 of 18 patients who received first-line immunotherapy (89%, 9/10 treated with corticosteroids, 8/10 treated with IVIg, 3/4 treated with plasma exchange, and 1 treated with rituximab). (neurology.org)
Water1
  • Hypernatremia is a common electrolyte problem that is defined as a rise in serum sodium concentration to a value exceeding 145 mmol/L.[1, 2, 3] It is strictly defined as a hyperosmolar condition caused by a decrease in total body water (TBW)[4] relative to electrolyte content. (medscape.com)
Rapidly1
Form1
  • Autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy manifests as a meningoencephalomyelitis (or limited form thereof) with dramatic steroid-responsiveness. (medlink.com)
Tests2
  • The high-precision, high-performance devices at this unit conduct an array of tests, such as hormone and autoimmune disease tests, tumor marker tests, and virology screening tests. (karbalahospital.org)
  • Autoimmune gastritis can also be associated.For further details see individual tests. (southtees.nhs.uk)
Role1
  • It is now accepted that rare variants located in different genes could in fact play a more important role in disease susceptibility than common variants ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
Group1
  • MATERIALS AND METHODS: APP/PS1/tau triple transgenic mice were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely model group, memantine group, HYD low-dose group (HYD-L), and HYD high-dose group (HYD-H) with 28 mice in each group, while 28 C57BL/6J mice as the control group. (bvsalud.org)
Cells1
  • Although the acquired immune system functions as early as 2-4 days after encountering the pathogen, some T and B cells respond specifically to the invading microorganisms, even after the immune response has ended. (biomedcentral.com)
Cases2
  • 1] In cases associated with MS, ON is commonly the first manifestation of the chronic demyelinating process. (medscape.com)
  • Tumor and chronic disease biopsies are examined here, with priority given to cancer cases. (karbalahospital.org)
Common1
  • Chronic wounds are one of the common and serious diabetic complications that also impose a significant financial burden on society. (fabad.org.tr)
Found1
  • Since comprehensive treatment for chronic wounds has not yet been found, new treatment recommendations are needed. (fabad.org.tr)