• In this context, we developed a recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population (Yuanza 9102 × Xuzhou 68-4) with 195 individuals and used to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with three important pod features, namely pod length, pod width and hundred-pod weight. (icrisat.org)
  • Results QTL analysis using the phenotyping data generated across four environments in two locations and genotyping data on 743 mapped loci identified 15 QTLs for pod length, 11 QTLs for pod width and 16 QTLs for hundred-pod weight. (icrisat.org)
  • Three major QTLs, detected in at least three environments, were found to be co-localized to a 3.7 cM interval on chromosome A05, and they were qPLA05.7 for pod length (16.89-27.84% PVE), qPWA05.5 for pod width (13.73-14.12% PVE), and qHPWA05.6 for hundred-pod weight (13.75-26.82% PVE). (icrisat.org)
  • Conclusions This study identified three major consistent and stable QTLs for pod size and weight which were co-localized in a 3.7 cM interval on chromosome A05. (icrisat.org)
  • QTLs are mapped by identifying which molecular markers (such as SNPs or AFLPs) correlate with an observed trait. (wikipedia.org)
  • These QTLs are often found on different chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The number of QTLs which explain variation in the phenotypic trait indicates the genetic architecture of a trait. (wikipedia.org)
  • Typically, QTLs underlie continuous traits (those traits which vary continuously, e.g. height) as opposed to discrete traits (traits that have two or several character values, e.g. red hair in humans, a recessive trait, or smooth vs. wrinkled peas used by Mendel in his experiments). (wikipedia.org)
  • Consequently, many QTLs are associated with a single trait. (wikipedia.org)
  • Another use of QTLs is to identify candidate genes underlying a trait. (wikipedia.org)
  • This report summarizes published research across the world in 2008 that placed additional markers, genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on barley chromosome 7H. (usda.gov)
  • 4, 5 Four QTLs identified as pulmonary adenoma susceptibility (Pas) loci 1-4 have been mapped, respectively, to mouse chromosomes 6, 17, 19, and 9. (bmj.com)
  • Analysis of the ILs resulted in identification of over 1,200 QTLs, many of which were related to valuable traits like carbohydrate content, plant weight, and seed number. (the-scientist.com)
  • Five quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosomes 1A, 2B, 7B, and 7D overlapped or were in close proximity to previously reported QTLs based on the consensus and physical maps using the reference sequence of bread wheat (IWGSC RefSeq v1.0). (unboundmedicine.com)
  • This is often an early step in identifying the actual genes that cause the trait variation. (wikipedia.org)
  • A quantitative trait locus (QTL) is a region of DNA which is associated with a particular phenotypic trait, which varies in degree and which can be attributed to polygenic effects, i.e., the product of two or more genes, and their environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Moreover, a single phenotypic trait is usually determined by many genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many genetic studies have attempted to identify genes responsible for the quantitative host resistance to SDS. (usda.gov)
  • These are traits that are complex, continuous and regulated by a group of genes interacting with each other and the environment. (jax.org)
  • Genetic studies have repeatedly implicated the DYX2 locus, specifically the genes DCDC2 and KIAA0319 , in RD, with recent studies suggesting they also influence LI, verbal language, and cognition. (springer.com)
  • Mapping research located genes and QTL for morphological traits, resistance to several diseases, preharvest sprouting and various malting quality traits. (usda.gov)
  • The long-term undifferentiation of molluscan sex chromosomes is potentially sustained by the unexpected intertwined regulation of reversible sex-biased genes, together with the lack of sexual dimorphism and occasional sex chromosome turnover. (nature.com)
  • The pleiotropic constraint of regulation of reversible sex-biased genes is widely present in ancient homomorphic sex chromosomes and might be resolved in heteromorphic sex chromosomes through gene duplication followed by subfunctionalization. (nature.com)
  • The evolutionary dynamics of sex chromosomes suggest a mechanism for 'inheritance' turnover of sex-determining genes that is mediated by translocation of a sex-determining enhancer. (nature.com)
  • This graph shows the probability that a certain area on a chromosome (displayed below the graph) contains genes related to the trait being studied. (concord.org)
  • The arrows point to the region of the chromosome that is 95% likely to contain the desired genes. (concord.org)
  • Jackson Lab researchers mentor students in the latest genetics research techniques, including Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) analysis, a statistical process used to pinpoint the location of unknown genes. (concord.org)
  • Together, these data suggest that one or more breast cancer-related genes are located within the dominantly acting WKy allele at the Mcs7 locus. (mcw.edu)
  • This workflow searches for genes which reside in a QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) region in Arabidopsis thaliana. (myexperiment.org)
  • Using molecular markers and statistical methods-quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis-genes that cause complex human diseases can be identified in mouse strains. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Further investigations are necessary to identify these mutations and understand how these AKR1C genes affect these important reproductive traits. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the human, an aldo-keto reductase (AKR) gene family (AKR1C) has been identified near the telomere on chromosome 10p15 that contains at least six aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C genes [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The homologous region on mouse chromosome 13 contains a cluster of eight or nine AKR1C genes [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We propose in the second 5-year funding period to re-measure BMD to assess 5-yr change in BMD and to begin fine mapping of the putative quantitative trait locus affecting BMD on chromosome 4p. (umaryland.edu)
  • Despite the detection of many putative outlier loci in the empirical Alpine ibex RADseq data, none met the threshold needed to distinguish them from genetic drift-driven false positives. (biorxiv.org)
  • The present study demonstrates segregation for the putative Ahl gene and mapping of such a gene to Chromosome 10, consistent with other independent mapping of Ahl for AHL in 10 strains of mice [Johnson et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Genomics-assisted breeding (GAB) can accelerate the process of genetic improvement but requires linked markers for the traits of interest. (icrisat.org)
  • The aims of quantitative trait loci detection is the potential use of these molecular markers to increase accuracy in predicting the genetic merit of breeding and its implementation in animal breeding schemes through marker-assisted selection. (cambridge.org)
  • 4, 5 The process involves use of many evenly spaced polymorphic DNA markers to create landmarks across each chromosome. (bmj.com)
  • Eleven markers located on chromosomes 1A, 2B, 5A, 5D, 7B, and 7D by the genome-wide association studies analysis showed significant associations with at least two resistance-associated traits in two of the environments. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Resistant loci among Chinese endemic wheat germplasms could be introduced into common wheat cultivars, and the high-confidence SNP markers will aid in marker-assisted selection in breeding for stripe rust disease resistance. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The recordings were used to generate daughter yield deviations that were first applied in a genome-wide association (GWAS) study with 17,343 markers to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting fatty acid composition, and next on high-density and sequence-level datasets to fine-map the most significant QTL on BTA13 (BTA for Bos taurus chromosome). (nofima.no)
  • Genetic improvement of yield-related traits is essential for improving yield potential of new peanut varieties. (icrisat.org)
  • For early geneticists, it was not immediately clear that the smooth variation in traits like body size (i.e., incomplete dominance) was caused by the inheritance of single genetic factors. (wikipedia.org)
  • In an early summary of the theory of evolution of continuous variation, Sewall Wright, a graduate student who trained under Castle, summarized contemporary thinking about the genetic basis of quantitative natural variation: "As genetic studies continued, ever smaller differences were found to mendelize, and any character, sufficiently investigated, turned out to be affected by many factors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Quantitative trait genetics today leverages Wright's observations about the statistical relationship between genotype and phenotype in families and populations to understand how certain genetic features can affect variation in natural and derived populations. (wikipedia.org)
  • Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping locates and estimates the effect of genetic loci that regulate quantitative traits. (jax.org)
  • T2DM is a complex trait where common genetic variants having modest individual effects act together and interact with environmental factors to modulate the risk of the disease. (scialert.net)
  • No prior knowledge of gene or gene effects is necessary, but the genetic locus must have sufficient impact on the disease susceptibility to be detectable. (scialert.net)
  • The Mcs7 region on rat chromosome 10 (RNO10) is orthologous to human 17q, a common site of genetic aberrations in breast cancer. (mcw.edu)
  • Quantitative trait loci analyses (log of the odds=15) indicated association of the genetic factor within a few centiMorgan of the best evidence for Ahl [Johnson et al. (cdc.gov)
  • identified six AF susceptibility loci ( PRRX1 , CAV1 , C9orf3 , SYNPO2L , SYNE2 , and HCN4 ) in addition to three previously reported loci ( PITX2 , ZFHX3 , and KCNN3 ) by a genome-wide association study (GWAS) conducted in individuals of European ancestry. (nature.com)
  • Past studies have mapped four susceptibility loci (Pas1-4) for pulmonary adenoma in which A/J and C57BL/6J (B6) mice have different alleles that affect incidence and multiplicity of tumours. (bmj.com)
  • Mouse pulmoary adenoma susceptibility loci (Pas) as mapped in crosses of strains A/J and C57BL/6. (bmj.com)
  • Foremost among these was the detection of very strong evidence for linkage of forearm BMD to a region on chromosome 4p (multipoint lod score = 4.3). (umaryland.edu)
  • Detection of a quantitative trait locus for both foliage and tuber resistance to late blight [Phytophthora infestans (Mont. (hutton.ac.uk)
  • We have previously identified a quantitative trait locus on chromosome 2 in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSPs) responsible for an increase in SBP in response to a salt challenge. (nih.gov)
  • Interaction between blood pressure quantitative trait loci in rats in which trait variation at chromosome 1 is conditional upon a specific allele at chromosome 10. (mcw.edu)
  • The mesopontine tegmental anesthesia area (MPTA) was identified in rats as a singular brainstem locus at which microinjection of minute quantities of GABAergic agents rapidly and reversibly induces loss-of-consciousness and a state of general anesthesia, while lesioning renders animals insensitive to anesthetics at normal systemic doses. (researchgate.net)
  • The Mcs7 quantitative trait locus is associated with an increased susceptibility to mammary cancer in congenic rats and an allele-specific imbalance. (mcw.edu)
  • Here, we establish the independent phenotype conferred by Mcs7 using congenic rats carrying the WKy Mcs7 locus on a WF background. (mcw.edu)
  • Castle's was perhaps the first attempt made in the scientific literature to direct evolution by artificial selection of a trait with continuous underlying variation, however the practice had previously been widely employed in the development of agriculture to obtain livestock or plants with favorable features from populations that show quantitative variation in traits like body size or grain yield. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plant height is a key agronomic trait that affects yield and is controlled by both phytohormone gibberellin (GA) and ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Wright and others formalized population genetics theory that had been worked out over the preceding 30 years explaining how such traits can be inherited and create stably breeding populations with unique characteristics. (wikipedia.org)
  • To explore the genetics behind tomato nutrition and taste, Alisdair Fernie of the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology and collaborators embarked on a study of tomato quantitative trait loci (QTL), stretches of DNA that underlie traits of interest. (the-scientist.com)
  • We and 3 with more than 1 aposthia male: fam- think that the person with aposthia trait is a ily DG-01 had 4 living cases, family DG-02 suitable model to study the importance and had 2 living and 1 dead case and family DG- genetics of the prepuce. (who.int)
  • Another QTL identified was on Chromosome Gm18, in a region which has been demonstrated to provide SCN and SDS resistance in many studies (rhg1/Rfs2). (usda.gov)
  • Previous genome-wide linkage studies in crosses of these strains identified three WKy resistance quantitative trait loci, Mcs5, Mcs6 and Mcs8, and one predicted to increase susceptibility, Mcs7. (mcw.edu)
  • Four traits associated with stripe rust resistance, infection type, final disease severity, disease index, and area under the disease progress curve, were used to evaluate the accessions. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The phenotypic datasets were used for 55K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array-based genome-wide association studies to identify effective resistance loci. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Haplotype variants of QTL QYr.sicau-2BS showed subspecies-specific inheritance of the stripe rust resistance locus. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • To prove the existence of an epistatic interaction we have analyzed congenic strains for chromosome 1 and 10 carrying high blood pressure QTL alleles from the spontaneously hypertensive rat on a normotensive background of the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat. (mcw.edu)
  • Then they examine the offspring's chromosomes, using their knowledge of the parent strains and information about the recombined DNA in the offspring to narrow down the possible location of the gene for neck plates. (concord.org)
  • The C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) inbred strains of mice exhibit an age-related hearing loss (AHL) due to a recessive gene (Ahl) that maps to Chromosome 10. (cdc.gov)
  • Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for age of puberty, nipple number and ovulation rate have been identified in Meishan crosses on pig chromosome 10q (SSC10) near the telomere, which is homologous to human chromosome 10p15 and contains an aldo-keto reductase (AKR) gene cluster with at least six family members. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A quantitative trait locus (QTL) is a locus (section of DNA) that correlates with variation of a quantitative trait in the phenotype of a population of organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • C) on chromosome 4q25 with atrial fibrillation (AF), but phenotype alterations conferred by this SNP have not been described. (nature.com)
  • Significant evidence of linkage was obtained on chromosome 4q22 (LOD 3.33) and suggestive evidence of linkage at 8q13-21 (LOD 2.29) with the combined music test scores, using variance component linkage analyses. (bmj.com)
  • The effect on paraquat-treated mice with 5 mg/kg and principal component analysis of iron showed suggestive quantitative trait loci on chromosome 5. (cdc.gov)
  • Previously, we have found evidence that the presence of a blood pressure quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 1 is conditional upon the allele status of chromosome 10. (mcw.edu)
  • Reproduction of hens selected for chosen egg quality traits vs. changes of some microsatellite allele frequencies. (wpsa.com)
  • Tumor multiplicity was significantly higher ( approximately 50%) in DMBA-treated congenics homozygous and heterozygous for the WKy allele at the Mcs7 locus, compared to controls. (mcw.edu)
  • Although Darwin himself observed that inbred features of fancy pigeons were inherited in accordance with Mendel's laws (although Darwin didn't actually know about Mendel's ideas when he made the observation), it was not obvious that these features selected by fancy pigeon breeders can similarly explain quantitative variation in nature. (wikipedia.org)
  • Castle's conclusion was based on the observation that novel traits that could be studied in the lab and that show Mendelian inheritance patterns reflect a large deviation from the wild type, and Castle believed that acquisition of such features is the basis of "discontinuous variation" that characterizes speciation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our study identified 10 genomic regions affecting the average fibre diameter, coefficient of variation of the average fibre diameter, percentage of fibres with diameters over 30 µm, greasy fleece weight, staple length, average curvature of fibres, percentage of continuous medullated fibres and percentage of kemp fibres located on five goat chromosomes (1, 2, 5, 13 and 19). (cambridge.org)
  • This response is blunted in the congenic SHRSP strain with the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) chromosome 2 region (10 cM) introgressed (SP.WKYGla2k). (nih.gov)
  • Our findings suggest that introgression of the chromosome 2 congenic interval from the WKY into the SHRSP strain is associated with restored aldosterone regulation sufficient to reduce salt-sensitive hypertension and proteinuria. (nih.gov)
  • Additionally, a double congenic strain was developed with both chromosome 1 and 10 high blood pressure QTL alleles on the WKY background. (mcw.edu)
  • This study reports the results obtained in the search of chromosomal regions affecting fleece traits in a population of Angora goats in the Argentinean Patagonia. (cambridge.org)
  • Strikingly, introgression of the WKY chromosome 2 region into the SHRSP strain corrected the proteinuria and reduced sodium excretion, plasma aldosterone levels and 3β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase mRNA gene expression in response to the salt challenge when compared to the SHRSP strain. (nih.gov)
  • For example, the research team discovered a region on mouse chromosome 18 that was associated with altered amounts of fat in the liver. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 56 bone mineral density loci and reveals 14 loci associated with risk of fracture. (umaryland.edu)
  • This explosion has turned databases such as the Jackson Laboratory's Mouse Genome Database into critical research tools and has paved the way for statistical methods such as Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) analysis. (concord.org)
  • By back-crossing cultivated tomato lines with wild species, they created 76 introgression lines of fruit (ILs) harboring 'wild' chromosome segments. (the-scientist.com)
  • Plant area index ( PAI ) estimated from below‐canopy hemispherical images, as well as a suite of thirteen traits assessed by manual destructive harvests, were measured in a Setaria recombinant inbred line mapping population segregating for aboveground productivity and architecture. (osti.gov)
  • Because of their location in the swine genome and their implication in reproductive physiology, this gene cluster was characterized and evaluated for effects on reproductive traits in swine. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Contrary to classic theory prediction, sex-chromosome homomorphy is prevalent in the animal kingdom but it is unclear how ancient homomorphic sex chromosomes avoid chromosome-scale degeneration. (nature.com)
  • Chromosomal segments underlying quantitative trait. (cambridge.org)
  • Mysteries crop up, however, when students discover a trait whose cause they can't identify through the software. (concord.org)
  • Association of DYX2 with multiple neurobehavioral traits suggests risk variants have functional consequences affecting multiple neurological processes. (springer.com)
  • Collectively, our findings identify an attractive mechanism for the Y-complex in regulating FLC expression via tethering the locus at the nuclear periphery and altering its histone modification. (bvsalud.org)
  • Milk fatty acid composition was predicted from the nation-wide recording scheme using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy data and applied to estimate heritabilities for 36 individual and combined fatty acid traits. (nofima.no)
  • Nup96 interacted with HISTONE DEACETYLASE 6 (HDA6), a key repressor of FLC expression via histone modification, at the nuclear membrane to attenuate HDA6-catalyzed deposition at the FLC locus and change histone modifications. (bvsalud.org)
  • 4.5 × 10 -9 ), is also an expression quantitative trait locus for BCHE (butyrylcholinesterase), expressed in thalamus tissue. (nih.gov)
  • We investigated the roles of storage and parsing in the visual domain for the productive Dutch plural suffix -en.Two experiments are reported that show that storage occurs for high-frequency noun plurals. (mpi.nl)
  • Here, we profile eight genomes of the bivalve mollusc family of Pectinidae in a phylogenetic context and show 350 million years sex-chromosome homomorphy, which is the oldest known sex-chromosome homomorphy in the animal kingdom, far exceeding the ages of well-known heteromorphic sex chromosomes such as 130-200 million years in mammals, birds and flies. (nature.com)
  • Diagrams show chromosomes drawn to a scale of physical length according to Celera CDS 3.6. (bmj.com)
  • One of the QTL regions is located on the long arm of pig chromosome 10 (SSC10q) near the telomere, which is homologous to human chromosome 10p15 [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Heterocellular hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) is a common multifactorial trait characterized by a modest increase of fetal hemoglobin levels in adults. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Quantitative trait locus on chromosome 1q influences bone loss in young Mexican American adults. (umaryland.edu)
  • The horizontal line above the y axis represents a significant LOD score of 0.05 (as determined by permuting the trait values). (jax.org)
  • Still, it would be almost thirty years until the theoretical framework for evolution of complex traits would be widely formalized. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here we report that the Y-complex (Nup107-160 complex, a subcomplex of the NPC) self-maintains its nucleoporin homeostasis and modulates FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) transcription via changing histone modifications at this locus. (bvsalud.org)
  • We previously localized a Quantitative Trait Locus for HPFH in an extensive Asian-Indian kindred to chromosome 6q23. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the LD structure of the locus suggests that associations within TDP2 , ACOT13 , and C6orf62 are capturing a previously reported risk variant in KIAA0319 . (springer.com)
  • On the basis of these findings, we propose an evolutionary model for the long-term preservation of homomorphic sex chromosomes. (nature.com)
  • The major contribution of the 4q22 locus was obtained for the KMT (LOD 2.91). (bmj.com)
  • It is interesting that the literature discuss- ing the advantages and disadvantages of During the survey, 6 families with apost- circumcision does not refer to aposthia trait. (who.int)