Chromosome proto oncogene proteins c bcl 2. Medical search. Frequent questions

Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2), encoded in humans by the BCL2 gene, is the founding member of the Bcl-2 family of regulator proteins that regulate cell death (apoptosis), by either inhibiting (anti-apoptotic) or inducing (pro-apoptotic) apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
The recently isolated bcl-w gene encodes a pro-survival member of the Bcl-2 family, which is widely expressed. (deathbase.org)
bcl-w, a novel member of the bcl-2 family, promotes cell survival. (deathbase.org)

The pro-apoptotic proteins in the BCL-2 family, including Bax and Bak, normally act on the mitochondrial membrane to promote permeabilization and release of cytochrome c and ROS, that are important signals in the apoptosis cascade. (wikipedia.org)
Our previous study has shown that CCAAT-enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) is an important regulator in METH-induced neuronal autophagy and apoptosis. (cancerindex.org)
Like all tyrosine-kinase inhibitors, imatinib works by preventing a tyrosine kinase enzyme, in this case BCR-Abl, from phosphorylating subsequent proteins and initiating the signaling cascade necessary for cancer development, thus preventing the growth of cancer cells and leading to their death by apoptosis. (keralapharmacist.com)
Apoptosis regulator bcl-w is essential for spermatogenesis but appears otherwise redundant. (deathbase.org)
Proteins of the Bcl-2 family are important regulators of apoptosis in many tissues of the embryo and adult. (deathbase.org)
These findings suggest that bcl-w participates in the control of apoptosis in multiple cell types. (deathbase.org)
In this study, we tried to examine the anti-metastasis and apoptosis/autophagy actions of Coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0, 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone), a derivative of Antrodia camphorata in HNCC TWIST1 overexpressing (FaDu-TWIST1) cells as well as in vivo tumor xenograft mice model. (bvsalud.org)
Oncomodulation is a process, whereby tumor behavior is affected by virally induced mechanisms acting on cancer cells as well as stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment, including suppression of cancer cell apoptosis mechanisms, altering tumor metabolism, suppressing antitumor immunity, triggering tumor microenvironment inflammation, initiating angiogenesis, stimulating tumor cell proliferation, increasing tumor invasion, and enhancing tumor cell migration (metastasis) [ Figures 1 and 2 ]. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Li YY, Popivanova BK, Nagai Y, Ishikura H, Fujii C, Mukaida N: Pim-3, a proto-oncogene with serine/threonine kinase activity, is aberrantly expressed in human pancreatic cancer and phosphorylates bad to block bad-mediated apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cell lines. (drugbank.com)
Popivanova BK, Li YY, Zheng H, Omura K, Fujii C, Tsuneyama K, Mukaida N: Proto-oncogene, Pim-3 with serine/threonine kinase activity, is aberrantly expressed in human colon cancer cells and can prevent Bad-mediated apoptosis. (drugbank.com)
Bak BH3 peptides antagonize Bcl-xL function and induce apoptosis through cytochrome c-independent activation of caspases. (lookformedical.com)

Bcl-2 derives its name from B-cell lymphoma 2, as it is the second member of a range of proteins initially described in chromosomal translocations involving chromosomes 14 and 18 in follicular lymphomas. (wikipedia.org)
In follicular lymphoma, a chromosomal translocation commonly occurs between the fourteenth and the eighteenth chromosomes - t(14;18) - which places the Bcl-2 gene from chromosome 18 next to the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus on chromosome 14. (wikipedia.org)
Expression of the bcl-2 oncogene product and chromosomal translocation t(14;18) in Hodgkin's disease. (ox.ac.uk)
The reciprocal chromosomal translocation t(14;18), leading to overexpression of this oncogene, can be found in the majority of follicular lymphomas and much less frequently in B-cell leukemias and diffuse lymphomas. (ox.ac.uk)
Using yet newer techniques for detecting abnormal chromosomes (called spectral karyotyping), Rowley found a chromosomal rearrangement that characterizes one of the childhood leukemias, and her work continues. (laskerfoundation.org)
The INRG classification takes into account several factors, such as tumor stage and differentiation, patient age, histology, MYCN oncogene status, DNA ploidy, and segmental chromosomal anomalies, in particular chromosome 11q aberration [ 6 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Because the chromosomal t(14;18) translocation is found in the majority of patients with follicular lymphoma, bone marrow aspiration and chromosome analysis can also help establish the diagnosis. (medscape.com)
Spectral karyotyping analysis of metaphase chromosomes from primary tumor cell cultures shows that the Bcl-xl/Myc tumors contain a variety of chromosomal abnormalities, including trisomies, translocations, and deletions. (gsea-msigdb.org)

The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1). (lookformedical.com)
Genes whose protein products stimulate or enhance the division and viability of cells. (cancerquest.org)
Genes whose protein products can directly or indirectly prevent cell division or lead to cell death. (cancerquest.org)
The normal versions of genes in the first group are called proto-oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
The mutated or otherwise damaged versions of these genes are called oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
Numerous genes have been identified as proto-oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
As stated in the introduction to this section, the defective versions of these genes, known as oncogenes, can cause a cell to divide in an unregulated manner. (cancerquest.org)
Rowley had identified the first "translocation" in cancer, providing clear evidence that the cause of CML could be related to the fact that by moving from one chromosome to another, the aberrant segment of chromosome 22 was no longer sitting next to genes that controlled its behavior. (laskerfoundation.org)
This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of miR-34a and 11 of its bioinformatically selected target genes and proteins to test their potential dysregulation in RCC. (hindawi.com)
Proteins encoded by homeobox genes (GENES, HOMEOBOX) that exhibit structural similarity to certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins. (lookformedical.com)
The proteins encoded by homeobox genes are called HOMEODOMAIN PROTEINS. (lookformedical.com)
These data suggest the Bcl-xl/Myc tumors are similar to a subset of plasmablastic human myelomas and provide insight into the specific genes and pathways underlying the human disease. (gsea-msigdb.org)
8- 10 In attempts to identify new breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility genes, much research has focused on BRCA1 associated proteins. (bmj.com)
They are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in plants, metazoans, and mammals, and are predicted to control the activity of 30% of all protein-coding genes [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the activation of this proto-oncogene in tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
Although genetic and epigenetic aberrations that occur in components of the central dogma clearly elicit disease development in humans, recent findings also point to a prominent role for non-protein-coding regions of the genome in regulating cell and tissue homeostasis, as well as in contributing to the formation of human tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
This suggests that the function of RON in these tumors may be multidimensional, not just as a tumor suppressor or oncogene. (spandidos-publications.com)
We have isolated and characterized in vitro cultures and adoptive transfers of tumors from Bcl-xl/Myc transgenic mice. (gsea-msigdb.org)

Antibodies to Bcl-2 can be used with immunohistochemistry to identify cells containing the antigen. (wikipedia.org)
We also measured the levels of phosphorylated tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) protein and Parkin protein level in SH-SY5Y cells. (cancerindex.org)
In normal cells, both internal and external signals control the activity of the oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
Imatinib also inhibits the abl protein of non-cancer cells but cells normally have additional redundant tyrosine kinases which allow them to continue to function even if abl tyrosine kinase is inhibited. (keralapharmacist.com)
Enforced expression of bcl-w rendered lymphoid and myeloid cells refractory to several (but not all) cytotoxic conditions. (deathbase.org)
Staining them with a special dye made the cells' chromosomes more visible. (laskerfoundation.org)
Nowell collaborated with the late David Hungerford who, he says, "knew more about chromosomes than I did," and together they made the startling observation that individuals suffering from chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) had an abnormally small chromosome in the tumor cells. (laskerfoundation.org)
At a time when the idea that cancer had a genetic basis was widely disbelieved, Nowell's results provided the first clear evidence that a particular genetic defect in a single chromosome can lead to a population or clone of identical cells that accumulate in numbers to form a deadly malignancy. (laskerfoundation.org)
The tiny Philadelphia chromosome became a clear and consistent marker of CML, a cancer of the myeloid or bone marrow cells, with broad implications for diagnosis and prognosis of disease. (laskerfoundation.org)
I came to realize that there were many questions about chromosome changes in patients that would be rewarding to study," noted Rowley, and for the next decade she labored over the microscope looking at chromosomes in leukemic cells. (laskerfoundation.org)
Using a CRISPR Cas9-guided immunoprecipitation assay, we identify a circular RNA in the FLI1 promoter chromatin complex, consisting of FLI1 exons 4-2-3, referred to as FECR1.Overexpression of FECR1 enhances invasiveness of MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
AS exposure inhibited Twist and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein and/or mRNA expression in Twist-overexpressing OECM-1 and FaDu-Twist cells. (bvsalud.org)
The overexpression of miRNA‑375 significantly increased caspase‑3 and caspase‑9 activities, induced B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2)/Bcl‑2‑associated X protein, tumor protein 53 and cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitor 1 protein expression and suppressed cyclin D1 and survivin protein expression in HPV‑18(+) cervical cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
The overexpression of miRNA‑375 significantly suppressed the levels of protein expression of ubiquitin‑protein ligase E3A (UBE3A) and Insulin‑like growth factor‑1 receptor (IGF‑1R) in HPV‑18(+) cervical cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
UBE3A is associated with cervical cancer and may combine with the E6 proto-oncogene encoded by HPV16 within cervical cancer cells to form the E6/E6-AP protein complex through the ubiquitin proteasome pathway ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The central dogma of molecular biology states that the transfer of genetic information within cells transpires sequentially from DNA to RNA to proteins, whose coding sequences comprise a paltry 1.5-2% of the human genome [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
1 BL tumour cells usually express IgM, 13 - 15 B-cell markers such as CD19, CD20 and CD22 and markers of germinal centre (GC) centroblasts such as CD10, BCL6 4 and the human germinal centre-associated lymphoma (HGAL) protein. (bmj.com)
24 25 This is a process catalysed by B-cell specific V(D)J recombinase activating enzymes RAG-1/2 which are expressed in both pre-B cells and GC B cells. (bmj.com)
IκBζ, an atypical member of the nuclear IκB family of proteins, is expressed at low levels in most resting cells, but is induced upon stimulation of Toll-like/IL-1 receptors through an IRAK1/IRAK4/NFκB-dependent pathway. (oncotarget.com)
In a number of studies, it has been shown that while only a select number of cells are actually infected with the virus, numerous viral proteins are released into the cancer and stromal cells in the microenvironment and these viral proteins are known to affect tumor behavior and aggressiveness. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Rather, only a few cells need to be infected, with the release of viral proteins from the viruses, which occupy most if not all of the tumor cells, including stromal cells. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Recepteur d'origine nantais (RON) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) normally expressed at low levels mostly in epithelial cells ( 1 , 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Flow cytometric analysis of Bcl-6 expression in Ramos cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
A fluorescence histogram showing Bcl-6 expression (or Ig Isotype control staining) was derived from gated events with the forward and side light-scatter characteristics of intact cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
While no mutations were found in the exons of the DCC gene in endometrial cancers, chromosome 18 was found to be capable of suppressing tumorigenicity of endometrial cancer cells in nude mice by the procedure of microcell fusion, with DCC expression elevated in most of the suppressed hybrids. (medmuv.com)
Cells express a pool of thousands of different proteins that need to be tightly controlled for proper cellular structure, organization, and function. (hindawi.com)
We have previously shown that the targeted expression of the transgenes c-Myc and Bcl-X(L) in murine plasma cells produces malignancy that displays features of human myeloma, such as localization of tumor cells to the bone marrow and lytic bone lesions. (gsea-msigdb.org)

Some evidence suggests that this may result from abnormal expression of Bcl-2 and increased expression of caspase-3. (wikipedia.org)
Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)

HER2/neu (also called ERB B2 ) is the gene that encodes the human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2. (cancerquest.org)
This gene encodes a transcription factor belonging to a family of proteins that share homology with the high mobility group protein-1. (cancer-genetics.org)

We have studied the expression of this protein in different subtypes of Hodgkin's disease using monoclonal antibodies directed against a formalin-resistant epitope of the bcl-2 protein and also have investigated these cases by polymerase chain reaction for evidence of the t(14;18) translocation. (ox.ac.uk)
Antibodies attack "normal" proteins found in the cellular nucleus. (lab-ally.com)

Rowley and her colleagues subsequently identified several other signal chromosome translocations, including one characteristic of acute myeloblastic leukemia. (laskerfoundation.org)
Quickly picking up on her lead that translocations contribute to malignancy, scientists around the world joined the search for chromosomes that either switched genetic material or, in some cases, lost it altogether in a process known as "deletion. (laskerfoundation.org)
Three sites for recurring translocations were also identified on chromosomes 4D, 12F, and 16C. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Chromosome translocations involving the TAL-1 gene are associated with T-CELL ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. (bvsalud.org)

Damage to the Bcl-2 gene has been identified as a cause of a number of cancers, including melanoma, breast, prostate, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and lung cancer, and a possible cause of schizophrenia and autoimmunity. (wikipedia.org)
The over-expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein in lymphocytes alone does not cause cancer. (wikipedia.org)
Bcl-2 expression is frequent in small cell lung cancer, accounting for 76% cases in one study. (wikipedia.org)
Different cancer types tend to depend on a limited number of 'driver' oncogene mutations. (cancerquest.org)
Selected oncogenes that have been associated with numerous cancer types are described in more detail below. (cancerquest.org)
The dysfunction of this pathway has been linked to several age-related human diseases including cancer, Type 2 diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders. (ox.ac.uk)
It contains 20 exons and 19 introns and is located on chromosome 3p21 ( 1 - 3 ), a region frequently altered in certain cancer types ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
2, 3 Genomic alterations in BRCA1 are found in 40-50% of families with a high incidence of breast cancer (six or more cases), and in a majority (75-80%) of the families that display both breast and ovarian cancers. (bmj.com)
We now know those structures are very relevant to many critical biological processes like gene regulation, expression of telomerase and telomere maintenance, understanding of growth/oncogenes like C-myc, understanding of organismic development, comprehension of certain enigmatic diseases like ALS and possible new cancer treatments. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
2-fold), or a risk that may produce with a lot more numerous years of exposure as well as follow-up, or a risk of microadenomas or even prolactinomas.Sufferers involving fraction race/ethnicity have got lower emergency soon after prognosis with many varieties of cancer malignancy. (inhibitorlibraries.com)
While there is some controversy surrounding recent research that claims that miR-155 may display anti-oncogenic or pro-immunological benefits (Cell Rep 2:1697-1709, 2012), most research seems to point to the importance of anti-miRs, with anti-miR-155 in particular, for cancer therapy. (biomedcentral.com)

Overexpression of HER-2/neu has been associated with advanced stage, deep myometrial invasion, and poor survival in endometrial cancers in several studies. (medmuv.com)
Gene amplification did not underlie all cases of HER-2/neu overexpression, although both gene amplification and overexpression were each associated with poor outcomes. (medmuv.com)
The overexpression of a membrane protein designated P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a typical phenotypic marker of pleiotropic drug resistance. (ashpublications.org)

This family of proteins comprises two subfamilies that share a DNA-binding and dimerization domain called the Rel homology domain (RHD) [ 4 ] and form homo- or hetero- dimers. (oncotarget.com)
The Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3) domain is crucial for the death-inducing and dimerization properties of pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 protein family, including Bak, Bax, and Bad. (lookformedical.com)
Colocalisation of BARD1 with BRCA1 and RAD51 in response to DNA damage indicates a role in DNA repair, 19, 20 which is supported by the recent observation of BARD1 participation along with BRCA1 in homology directed repair of chromosome breaks. (bmj.com)

To explore its physiological role, we have inactivated the bcl-w gene in the mouse by homologous recombination. (deathbase.org)
In addition, numerous important cellular proteins, such as B-cell lymphoma-2 homologous antagonist/killer, Myc proto-oncogene protein, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B, DNA replication licensing factor MCM-7, retinoblastoma 1 and Annexin A1, are degenerated through the UBE3A-mediated ubiquitin proteasome pathway ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

But simultaneous over-expression of Bcl-2 and the proto-oncogene myc may produce aggressive B-cell malignancies including lymphoma. (wikipedia.org)
We were particularly interested to determine whether nodular paragranuloma (lymphocyte-predominant, nodular), which differs from other subtypes of Hodgkin's disease by virtue of the B-cell nature of its malignant cell population, is characterized by expression of the bcl-2 protein. (ox.ac.uk)
Our data indicate that only a small number of nodular paragranulomas express the bcl-2 protein and that the expression is not specific for this type of Hodgkin's disease. (ox.ac.uk)
In a smaller number of cases this expression of bcl-2 could be explained by the presence of the translocation t(14;18). (ox.ac.uk)
While expression of bcl-w was uncommon in B or T lymphoid cell lines, the mRNA was observed in almost all murine myeloid cell lines analysed and in a wide range of tissues. (deathbase.org)
We show that the phenotype is partially rescued by muscle-specific expression of the Bcl-2 homologue Buffy, which in flies, maintains mitochondrial integrity, modulates energy homeostasis and suppresses cell death. (ox.ac.uk)
and cell differentiation ( SOX2 and TGFB3 ) as well as immunohistochemical assay for VEGFA, TP53, Bcl2, TGFB1, and Ki67 protein expression have been performed in 85 FFPE RCC tumor specimens. (hindawi.com)
The advanced pathological grade was associated with strong TGFB1, VEGFA, and Ki67 protein expression and absent Tp53 staining. (hindawi.com)
2) We have discovered a group of oncoproteins that are implicated in long-term maintenance of gene expression through their effects on the state of chromatin. (stanford.edu)
Homeodomain proteins are involved in the control of gene expression during morphogenesis and development (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL). (lookformedical.com)

The enzymatic activity catalyzed by a tyrosine kinase is the transfer of the terminal phosphate from ATP to tyrosine residues on its substrates, a process known as protein tyrosine phosphorylation. (keralapharmacist.com)

Koh H, Lee KH, Kim D, Kim S, Kim JW, Chung J: Inhibition of Akt and its anti-apoptotic activities by tumor necrosis factor-induced protein kinase C-related kinase 2 (PRK2) cleavage. (drugbank.com)

Other studies have shown that dendritic cell lifespan may be partly controlled by a timer dependent on anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. (wikipedia.org)

[ 2 ] No sex preponderance is seen for follicular lymphomas, but the incidence increases with age and varies across racial groups. (medscape.com)
The BIC gene is activated by promoter insertion at a retroviral integration site on chromosome 21q21 in B cell lymphomas induced by avian leukosis virus. (biomedcentral.com)

Its functional similarity to bcl-2 also makes it an attractive candidate proto-oncogene. (deathbase.org)
Can reverse the death repressor activity of Bcl-X(L), but not that of Bcl-2 (By similarity). (drugbank.com)

BCL-2 is localized to the outer membrane of mitochondria, where it plays an important role in promoting cellular survival and inhibiting the actions of pro-apoptotic proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Our studies have demonstrated that several of the proteins encoded by cellular oncogenes function in fundamental aspects of gene regulation. (stanford.edu)
6, 7 BRCA1 interacts with a variety of proteins and is involved in multiple cellular processes including DNA repair, transcription, and checkpoint control. (bmj.com)

Chromosome 18q contains the DCC gene, a putative tumor suppressor gene frequently mutated in colon cancers. (medmuv.com)
These data strongly suggest that some gene on chromosome 18, is a tumor suppressor gene in endometrial cancers. (medmuv.com)
This kinase, as well as CDK4, has been shown to phosphorylate, and thus regulate the activity of, tumor suppressor protein Rb. (cancerindex.org)
DUSP6/MKP3 is a dual-specific phosphatase that regulates extracellular regulated kinase ERK1/2 and ERK5 activity, with an increasingly recognized role as tumor suppressor. (cancer-genetics.org)

What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
The proteostasis network (PN) is an assembly of distinct dynamic molecular pathways that control the functionality of the proteome (proteome homeodynamics) during protein synthesis, folding, trafficking, and degradation. (hindawi.com)

Imatinib, marketed by Novartis as Gleevec (U.S.) or Glivec (Europe/Australia/Latin America), and sometimes referred to by its investigational name STI-571, is a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of multiple cancers, most notably Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). (keralapharmacist.com)
In chronic myelogenous leukemia, the Philadelphia chromosome leads to a fusion protein of abl with bcr (breakpoint cluster region), termed bcr-abl. (keralapharmacist.com)
12). B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma 6 (BCL-6) is a protein encoded by a proto-oncogene present on chromosome 3 (3q27.3) that stimulates inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and IL-17 in the peritoneal fluid of people with endometriosis. (nezhat.org)

This gene is a member of the protein-tyrosine kinase oncogene family. (cancerindex.org)
The protein associates with the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and interacts with the fyn-binding protein. (cancerindex.org)
Imatinib is a 2-phenyl amino pyrimidine derivative that functions as a specific inhibitor of a number of tyrosine kinase enzymes. (keralapharmacist.com)
RON is a 180-kDa heterodimeric protein composed of a 40-kDa α-chain and a 150-kDa transmembrane β-chain with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. (spandidos-publications.com)
Maturation occurs in the cell membrane resulting in a 180-kDa heterodimeric protein composed of a 40-kDa α-chain and a 150-kDa transmembrane β-chain with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity ( 5 , 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
This kinase is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression and G1/S transition. (cancerindex.org)
Wang HG, Rapp UR, Reed JC: Bcl-2 targets the protein kinase Raf-1 to mitochondria. (drugbank.com)
cyclin dependent kinase 2 interactin. (gsea-msigdb.org)
polo like kinase 2 [Source:HGNC Symb. (gsea-msigdb.org)

These are frequently activated by fusion to other transcriptional proteins resulting in chimeric transcription factors. (stanford.edu)

Besides estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, novel biomarkers have shown their prognostic and predictive values, complicating our understanding towards to the heterogeneity of such cancers. (jcancer.org)

We are studying the effects and consequences of protein fusion on the transcriptional and transforming activities of these proteins using in vitro and animal models. (stanford.edu)
We demonstrate here that GSK-3 maintains the MLL leukemia stem cell transcriptional program by promoting the conditional association of CREB and its coactivators TORC and CBP with homedomain protein MEIS1, a critical component of the MLL-subordinate program, which in turn facilitates HOX-mediated transcription and transformation. (stanford.edu)
p100 and p105 can however undergo limited proteolysis to generate p52 and p50, respectively, which can form heterodimers with Rel proteins to form transcriptional activators [ 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)
BARD1, unlike BRCA1, also contains a centrally located sequence of three ankyrin repeats 11 that are found in many proteins involved in transcriptional regulation. (bmj.com)

Metabolic changes in genetic disorder which renders fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase in liver less sensitive to regulation by fructose 2,6 bisphosphate are level of fructose 1,6 bisphosphate lower than normal, less pyruvate is formed and less ATP generation. (medicosplexus.com)
Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process. (lookformedical.com)
Several other genetic backgrounds result in enlargement of the haltere significantly beyond the normal range of haploinsufficient phenotypes, suggesting genetic variation in cofactors that mediate homeotic protein function. (lookformedical.com)
In an important model of premature aging, Werner's Syndrome, the genetic problem seems to be lack of a helicase protein that can unwind G-quadruplexes. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)

Mutations in the gene for the antennapedia homeodomain protein are associated with the conversion of antenna to leg or leg to antenna DROSOPHILA. (lookformedical.com)

The mitochondria have their own chaperones and proteolytic enzymes that remove damaged or unfolded proteins [ 18 - 20 ]. (hindawi.com)

Transmembrane region of proteins is likely to have a stretch of hydrophobic amino acids. (medicosplexus.com)

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the CMGC family of serine/threonine protein kinases. (cancerindex.org)

We identified a novel hypomorphic allele of PI3K's direct antagonist, Phosphatase and tensin homologue on chromosome 10 (Pten), in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. (ox.ac.uk)

The B-cell lymphoma/leukemia oncogene bcl-2 takes part in crucial regulatory events in B-cell maturation and differentiation. (ox.ac.uk)

The prototypic mammalian regulator of cell death is bcl-2, the oncogene implicated in the development of human follicular lymphoma. (deathbase.org)

chest pain, hemoptysis and lung collapse in cases of pulmonary endometriosis, upper abdominal pain with pancreatic endometriosis and lumbar pain with sciatic nerve endometriosis (2-5). (nezhat.org)
Less collapsin response mediator protein 2 development ended up being seen regarding Alcoholics anonymous and Hispanics than for nHw regarding lungs and also pancreatic most cancers. (inhibitorlibraries.com)

When multivariate analysis was used to determine if HER-2/neu was an independent prognostic factor in endometrial cancers taking into account other molecular features such as DNA ploidy, epidermal growth factor receptor, or p53 status, HER-2/neu status failed to achieve significance. (medmuv.com)

Moreover, a tiny piece of chromosome 9, which carried an oncogene, had moved to the breakpoint on chromosome 22. (laskerfoundation.org)

The most frequently aberrant chromosomes are 12 and 16. (gsea-msigdb.org)

The two isoforms of Bcl-2, Isoform 1, and Isoform 2, exhibit a similar fold. (wikipedia.org)
However, results in the ability of these isoforms to bind to the BAD and BAK proteins, as well as in the structural topology and electrostatic potential of the binding groove, suggest differences in antiapoptotic activity for the two isoforms. (wikipedia.org)

We have two copies of each gene and for oncogenes, a single defective copy is enough to cause a cell to divide. (cancerquest.org)
Some proto-oncogenes work to regulate cell death. (cancerquest.org)
The proto-oncogenes that have been identified so far have many different functions in the cell. (cancerquest.org)
The gene, which is highly conserved between mouse and human, resides near the T-cell antigen receptor alpha gene within the central portion of mouse chromosome 14 and on human chromosome 14 at band q11. (deathbase.org)
Thus, like Bcl-2 and Bcl-x, the Bcl-w protein promotes cell survival, in contrast to other close homologues, Bax and Bak, which facilitate cell death. (deathbase.org)
NCMV proteins and their oncogenic effects on cell mechanisms. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
RON is activated in response to macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP), and then induces an invasive program ( 8 ) consisting of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, all of which are important at multiple points during tumorigenesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
The protein encoded by this gene can bind to a functionally important site in the T-cell receptor-alpha enhancer, thereby conferring maximal enhancer activity. (cancer-genetics.org)
Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. (lookformedical.com)
11 Both proteins possess an N-terminal RING finger motif and two BRCA1 C-terminal (BRCT) domains present in numerous proteins involved in DNA repair and cell cycle regulation. (bmj.com)

BCL-2 is known to regulate mitochondrial dynamics, and is involved in the regulation of mitochondrial fusion and fission. (wikipedia.org)

protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ depen. (gsea-msigdb.org)

bcl-2 is an antiapoptotic gene. (medicosplexus.com)

The mutant proteins often retain some of their capabilities but are no longer sensitive to the controls that regulate the normal form of the protein. (cancerquest.org)
1) Characterize novel families of oncoproteins (Pbx and Meis) that dimerize with and regulate the DNA binding properties of Hox proteins. (stanford.edu)

Adrenocortical carcinomas (ACs) are rare malignancies, with an annual incidence rate of only 0.7-2 cases per million population in Western countries. (medscape.com)

Among the ETS family members, Friend leukemia virus integration 1 ( FLI1 ) was first identified as a proto-oncogene activated by proviral integration in F-MuLV-induced erythroleukemias [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Imatinib is specific for the TK domain in abl (the Abelson proto-oncogene), c-kit and PDGF-R (platelet-derived growth factor receptor). (keralapharmacist.com)

Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus. (lookformedical.com)

Using a PCR-based strategy we cloned a novel member of this gene family, denoted bcl-w. (deathbase.org)
MicroRNA-34a gene (MIR-34A) that is located on chromosome 1p36 belongs to one of evolutionary-conserved miRNA families (MIR-34 family) that consists of three members: MIR-34A, MIR-34B, and MIR-34C [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases. (lookformedical.com)
C-type lectin domain family 2 member. (gsea-msigdb.org)

Anatomy60

Organisms5

Diseases28

Chemicals and Drugs67

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes139

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Member of the Bcl-2 family3

Apoptosis11

Chromosomal8

GENES14

Tumors4

Cells27

Abnormal2

Encodes2

Antibodies2

Translocations4

Cancer11

Overexpression3

Homology3

Homologous2

Expression10

Phosphorylation1

Inhibition1

Anti-apoptotic1

Lymphomas2

Similarity2

Cellular3

Tumor suppressor4

Pathways2

Chronic3

Kinase9

Transcription Factors1

Biomarkers1

Transcriptional4

Genetic4

Mutations1

Mitochondria1

Amino Acids1

Serine1

Antagonist1

Differentiation1

Regulator1

Pancreatic2

Epidermal growth f1

Breakpoint1

Aberrant1

Isoforms2

Cell10

Mitochondrial1

Phosphatase1

Antiapoptotic1

Regulate2

Malignancies1

Leukemia1

Receptor1

Nucleus1

Family4