Chromosomal gene transcription proto oncogene proteins c mdm2. Medical search. Frequent questions

An aberrant miRNA expression could contribute to cancer development and progression [ 6 , 7 ] and could affect their target genes that are involved in many biological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and development [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
This gene product is involved in cell cycle progression, p53-mediated apoptosis, transcription activator of several other oncogenes [ 4 ] and DNA repair [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
DNA methylation, a form of epigenetic control of gene transcription, refers to cytosine methylation at position 5 in the pyrimidine ring, which can result in inappropriate silencing of genes involved in diverse biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and cell cycle arrest ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Gene expression profiling revealed that various genes related to apoptosis and proliferation are altered during BCL11A siRNA-mediated SUDHL6 cell apoptosis (WH and Gao Yangjun, unpublished data). (biomedcentral.com)
The TP53 gene is also capable of stimulating apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)
TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)

Different cancer types tend to depend on a limited number of 'driver' oncogene mutations. (cancerquest.org)
ALL cancers have lots of additional changes, the so-called 'passenger' mutations, that may contribute to the cancer, but are not the main genes. (cancerquest.org)
[ 3 ] Loss of function mutations in this gene are implicated in pediatric retinoblastoma. (medscape.com)
Eighteen genes were statistically significantly mutated, including RIT1 activating mutations and newly described loss-of-function MGA mutations which are mutually exclusive with focal MYC amplification. (nature.com)
MAPK and PI(3)K pathway activity, when measured at the protein level, was explained by known mutations in only a fraction of cases, suggesting additional, unexplained mechanisms of pathway activation. (nature.com)
However, most lung adenocarcinomas either lack an identifiable driver oncogene, or harbour mutations in KRAS and are therefore still treated with conventional chemotherapy. (nature.com)
Although inactivation of both alleles of either hMSH2 or MLH1 (DNA mismatch repair genes) appears to underlie microsatellite instability in tumors of HNPCC kindreds, similar to the findings in sporadic colon cancers, sporadic endometrial cancers were not associated with mutations of any of the four known human mismatch repair genes. (medmuv.com)
While no mutations were found in the exons of the DCC gene in endometrial cancers, chromosome 18 was found to be capable of suppressing tumorigenicity of endometrial cancer cells in nude mice by the procedure of microcell fusion, with DCC expression elevated in most of the suppressed hybrids. (medmuv.com)
Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)

Rangel-Pozzo, A. Chromosomal Instability in AML. (encyclopedia.pub)
Chromosomal Instability in AML" Encyclopedia , https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/10865 (accessed December 01, 2023). (encyclopedia.pub)
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is the increasing rate in which cells acquire new chromosomal alterations. (encyclopedia.pub)
Raw areca nut (RAN) consumption induces oral, esophageal and gastric cancers, which are significantly associated with the overexpression of pituitary tumor transforming gene 1/securin and chromosomal instability (CIN). (biomedcentral.com)
RAN-mediated pRb-inactivation induced securin upregulation, a putative E2F1 target, by inducing misregulation in chromatin remodeling in its promoter region, which led to transcriptional activation and subsequent development of chromosomal instability. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, present results have led to the hypothesis that RAN-induced changes in the epigenetic landscape, securin overexpression and subsequent elevation of chromosomal instability is probably byproducts of inactivation of the pRb pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
In contrast, 25% of uterine sarcomas, an entity not recognized to be part of a familial cancer syndrome, exhibits microsatellite instability that may be related to a mutation in the hMSH2 gene. (medmuv.com)

Finally, we demonstrate that Polycomb proteins and associated epigenetic marks are crucial for the control of the replication timing of the INK4a/ARF locus during senescence. (plos.org)
Radiation-induced aberrant expression of profibrotic genes has been associated with dysregulated epigenetic mechanisms. (bvsalud.org)
The current models for CIN involve telomere dysfunction, defective spindle assembly, sister chromatid cohesion, DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) repair, genes involved in the cell cycle, and epigenetic regulators. (encyclopedia.pub)
Since the molecular mechanism underlying securin upregulation remains unclear, this study intended to investigate the association of securin upregulation with the Rb-E2F1 circuit and epigenetic histone (H3) modification patterns both globally and in the promoter region of the securin gene. (biomedcentral.com)

MicroRNA-34a gene (MIR-34A) that is located on chromosome 1p36 belongs to one of evolutionary-conserved miRNA families (MIR-34 family) that consists of three members: MIR-34A, MIR-34B, and MIR-34C [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Since Boveri's theory that chromosome abnormalities promote cancer, studies have attempted to elucidate the mechanisms behind the origins of chromosomal aberrations [ 1 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Chromosome 17p is frequently involved, which contains the p53 gene known to confer a poor prognosis in endometrial cancers when mutated or deleted, and which plays an important role in the transition to carcinoma from atypical hyperplasia. (medmuv.com)
Chromosome 18q contains the DCC gene, a putative tumor suppressor gene frequently mutated in colon cancers. (medmuv.com)
These data strongly suggest that some gene on chromosome 18, is a tumor suppressor gene in endometrial cancers. (medmuv.com)
ERBB2 , a known proto-oncogene , is located at the long arm of human chromosome 17 (17q12). (iiab.me)
a process which can be reversed by 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR), suggesting a potential therapeutic agent for MM. The maternally expressed 3 (MEG3) imprinted gene is located on chromosome 14q32, which produces a non-coding RNA transcript ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)

CIN can promote selective advantage to cancer cells by increasing the probability of novel chromosomal abnormalities, which can change the expression profile of the genes regulating cell division and differentiation, resulting in high proliferation rates [ 3 ] [ 4 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Regardless of the classification, approximately 55% of AML patients show chromosomal abnormalities [ 16 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
With the development and progression of MM, several distinct patterns of genetic aberration are recognized, including cytogenetic abnormalities, chromosomal aberration and signaling pathway disorders ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Such observations prompted us to propose that in addition to cytogenetic parameters, the levels of endogenous GSH and p53 protein could act as effective biomarkers for RAN chewers [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

These findings indicate miR-34a along with its putative target genes could play a role in RCC tumorigenesis and progression. (hindawi.com)
Of the 30,000 or so genes that are currently thought to exist in the human genome , there is a small subset that seems to be particularly important in the prevention, development, and progression of cancer. (cancerquest.org)
Amplification or over-expression of this oncogene has been shown to play an important role in the development and progression of certain aggressive types of breast cancer . (iiab.me)
DBC1 functions as a coactivator for AR-V7 and is required for the expression of AR-V7 target genes including CDH2, a mesenchymal marker linked to CRPC progression. (cancerindex.org)
The role of DNA methylation in the mediation of multiple tumor suppressor gene and microRNA silencing has been implicated in the development and progression of MM ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)

PTEN encodes a protein kinase of the same name and functions as a tumor suppressor through regulation of cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
It encodes a protein that prevents separin from promoting sister chromatid separation during mitosis [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This locus, however, also encodes a protein from an alternative reading frame, designated p19ARF. (medscape.com)

Some proto-oncogenes work to regulate cell death. (cancerquest.org)
The mutant proteins often retain some of their capabilities but are no longer sensitive to the controls that regulate the normal form of the protein. (cancerquest.org)
1) Characterize novel families of oncoproteins (Pbx and Meis) that dimerize with and regulate the DNA binding properties of Hox proteins. (stanford.edu)
Rel frequently combines with other related proteins (NF-KAPPA B, I-kappa B, relA) to form heterodimers that regulate transcription. (childrensmercy.org)
Normal and cancer fibroblasts differentially regulate TWIST1, TOX and cytokine gene expression in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. (uams.edu)
Members of this family of proteins are often found associated with histone-modifying enzymes and protein complexes that regulate gene expression. (bvsalud.org)

Gene amplification did not underlie all cases of HER-2/neu overexpression, although both gene amplification and overexpression were each associated with poor outcomes. (medmuv.com)
Amplification, also known as the over-expression of the ERBB2 gene, occurs in approximately 15-30% of breast cancers . (iiab.me)

These are frequently activated by fusion to other transcriptional proteins resulting in chimeric transcription factors. (stanford.edu)
The inhibitor of DNA-binding 3 (ID3) is a transcriptional regulator that limits interaction of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors with their target DNA sequences. (bvsalud.org)
Hepatocyte nuclear factors are a family of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that are preferentially expressed in HEPATOCYTES. (umassmed.edu)

In addition, these alterations affect 3 principal categories of genes, as follows: proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair genes. (medscape.com)

Tumor suppressor genes encode proteins that normally provide negative control of cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
IL-17 induced NOTCH1 activation in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells enhances proliferation and inflammatory gene expression. (harvard.edu)
Additionally, DBC1 knockdown eliminated the up-regulation of MMP7, EMT-related proteins, and cell cycle-related proteins as well as the enhanced proliferation and invasiveness induced by ZNF326. (cancerindex.org)
ERCC2 is the plant around the proliferation in gap with the Phenylacetate IFT of ERCC3, encoding an many transcription( Coin et al. (evakoch.com)
Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, whose products normally provide negative control of cell proliferation, contributes to malignant transformation in various cell types. (medscape.com)

A diagram showing the major cancer genes for some cancers. (cancerquest.org)
We will discuss three key proteins that function as tumor suppressors implicated in the development of pediatric (and some adult) cancers: pRB, p53, and PTEN. (medscape.com)
The INK4/ARF locus encodes three tumor suppressor genes (p15 Ink4b , Arf and p16 Ink4a ) and is frequently inactivated in a large number of human cancers. (plos.org)
Mutation of the transforming growth factor (TGF) beta receptor type II gene is common in RER+ colon and gastric cancers, but uncommon in RER+ endometrial cancers even those arising in HNPCC kindreds, suggesting that the genesis of RER+ tumors even within the same familial cancer syndrome is not the same. (medmuv.com)
Other frequently involved regions include 10q, 3p, and 18q, with no significant differences found in the chromosomal regions involved in endometrial from cervical cancers. (medmuv.com)
This gene is located within a chromosomal region that shows loss of heterozygosity in some bladder cancers. (cancerindex.org)
Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)

This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of miR-34a and 11 of its bioinformatically selected target genes and proteins to test their potential dysregulation in RCC. (hindawi.com)

It has been known for many years that the fundamental transforming event in BL is the translocation of the MYC gene, and the events that bring about this translocation and those that allow cells to survive with the constitutive expression of MYC have been the subject of intense investigation. (bmj.com)
The hallmark of all BL tumours is the translocation between the MYC gene and one of the immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy or light chain loci. (bmj.com)
Moreover, the breakpoint in the Ig gene to which MYC is transferred in eBL occurs at the V(D)J region, suggesting that translocation occurs during V(D)J recombination. (bmj.com)

and cell differentiation ( SOX2 and TGFB3 ) as well as immunohistochemical assay for VEGFA, TP53, Bcl2, TGFB1, and Ki67 protein expression have been performed in 85 FFPE RCC tumor specimens. (hindawi.com)
The advanced pathological grade was associated with strong TGFB1, VEGFA, and Ki67 protein expression and absent Tp53 staining. (hindawi.com)
TP53 encodes the protein p53, which is known as the "guardian of the genome. (medscape.com)
MDM2 binds to and inhibits TP53 activity. (medscape.com)
The p19ARF protein, which is encoded by the same locus as p16, also leads to cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the ability of MDM2 to inactivate TP53. (medscape.com)
Germline mutation of one TP53 allele is found in patients with Li-Fraumeni syndrome who generally inherit a mutated TP53 gene from an affected parent. (medscape.com)

We are studying the role that normal chromatin structure plays in gene regulation in hematopoietic cells and how its disruption leads to altered development and cancer. (stanford.edu)
This mechanism also applies to hematopoietic cells transformed by other HOX genes, including CDX2, which is highly expressed in a majority of acute myeloid leukemias, thus providing a molecular approach based on GSK-3 inhibitory strategies to target HOX-associated transcription in a broad spectrum of leukemias. (stanford.edu)

The tumor suppressor pathways, ARF/MDM2/p53 and p16 INK4a /Rb, have been shown to play critical roles in the induction of cellular senescence [3] . (plos.org)

ERBB is abbreviated from erythroblastic oncogene B, a gene isolated from avian genome. (iiab.me)
Approximately just 2% of the genome is transcribed into protein-coding RNAs [ 1 ], so the majority of transcripts are noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), that can be categorized according to their structural properties and length [ 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Genome Maintenance by DNA Helicase B. Genes (Basel). (uams.edu)

ErbB-2 was named for its similarity to ErbB (avian erythroblastosis oncogene B), the oncogene later found to code for EGFR. (iiab.me)

Upon senescence, Jmjd3 is overexpressed and the MLL1 protein is recruited to the locus provoking the dissociation of Polycomb from the INK4/ARF locus, its transcriptional activation and its replication during early S-phase. (plos.org)
We are studying the effects and consequences of protein fusion on the transcriptional and transforming activities of these proteins using in vitro and animal models. (stanford.edu)
We demonstrate here that GSK-3 maintains the MLL leukemia stem cell transcriptional program by promoting the conditional association of CREB and its coactivators TORC and CBP with homedomain protein MEIS1, a critical component of the MLL-subordinate program, which in turn facilitates HOX-mediated transcription and transformation. (stanford.edu)
A ubiquitously expressed sequence-specific transcriptional repressor that is normally the target of signaling by NOTCH PROTEINS. (harvard.edu)
In particular, we have identified that promoter CpG island hypermethylation of the genes TUSC3 (tumor suppressor candidate 3), POMT1 (protein O-mannosyltransferase 1), ATRNL1 (attractin-like 1) and SAMD4A (sterile alpha motif domain containing 4A) is linked to the transcriptional downregulation of both linear mRNA and the hosted circRNA. (oncotarget.com)
Deleterious, protein-altering variants in the transcriptional coregulator ZMYM3 in 27 individuals with a neurodevelopmental delay phenotype. (uams.edu)

After irradiation, the transcription factor EGR1 is induced and binds to the hypomethylated enhancer, leading to increased DGKA and pro-fibrotic marker expression. (bvsalud.org)

The biological role and underlying mechanism of action of zinc-finger protein 326 (ZNF326) in malignant tumors, including breast cancer, are still not clear. (cancerindex.org)
Although carcinogenic roles for the INK4B, INK4C, INK4D, CIP1, KIP1, and KIP2 genes appear to be limited, INK4A is among the most commonly mutated genes in human tumors. (medscape.com)

Genes whose protein products stimulate or enhance the division and viability of cells. (cancerquest.org)
In normal cells, both internal and external signals control the activity of the oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
1 BL tumour cells usually express IgM, 13 - 15 B-cell markers such as CD19, CD20 and CD22 and markers of germinal centre (GC) centroblasts such as CD10, BCL6 4 and the human germinal centre-associated lymphoma (HGAL) protein. (bmj.com)
26 27 In contrast, the chromosomal breakpoint in sBL and HIV-associated BL occurs most commonly in the class switch region, 28 but since both somatic hypermutation and class switching are events that are normally confined to GC B cells and GC centroblast markers are expressed on BL cells, the BL progenitor cells most likely arise from B cells subjected to chromosomal rearrangements in the GC. (bmj.com)
Moreover, we show that the Polycomb protein BMI1 interacts with CDC6, an essential regulator of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. (plos.org)
Our results suggest that in young cells Polycomb proteins are recruited to the INK4/ARF locus through CDC6 and the resulting silent locus is replicated during late S-phase. (plos.org)
In normal cells the BRCA1 protein is localized in the nucleus, whereas in the majority of breast cancer cell lines and in malignant pleural effusions from breast cancer patients, it is localized mainly in the cytoplasm. (jefferson.edu)
This download is the types and cells led from a human assembly target content soccer methylated alongside the set of two interaction localizing enzyme proteins in New Zealand. (evakoch.com)

Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 , also known as CD340 (cluster of differentiation 340), proto-oncogene Neu , Erbb2 (rodent), or ERBB2 (human), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ERBB2 gene. (iiab.me)
other specificity is tiny gene activity and distribution browser through the kinase of the R-RasGAP complex ileal to suitable or through the functionality of RhoA. (evakoch.com)
Most benefits were demonstrated in cyclin dependent-kinase 12 ( CDK12) mutated cell lines when treated with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) therapy. (bjbms.org)

Our studies have demonstrated that several of the proteins encoded by cellular oncogenes function in fundamental aspects of gene regulation. (stanford.edu)
Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the rel gene (GENES, REL). (childrensmercy.org)

This class of noncoding RNAs is small, single stranded, and 19-25 nucleotide long that act as negative regulators involved in posttranscriptional silencing of the gene expression [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
p53 is a transcription factor whose expression is increased by DNA damage and blocks cell division at the G1 phase of the cell cycle to allow DNA repair. (medscape.com)
This loss is accompanied with an increased expression of the histone demethylase Jmjd3 and with the recruitment of the MLL1 protein, and correlates with the expression of the Ink4a/Arf genes. (plos.org)
2) We have discovered a group of oncoproteins that are implicated in long-term maintenance of gene expression through their effects on the state of chromatin. (stanford.edu)
Here we demonstrate that ID3 exhibits a dual role to promote DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, particularly homologous recombination (HR). ID3 interacts with the MRN complex and RECQL helicase to activate DSB repair and it facilitates RAD51 loading and downstream steps of HR. In addition, ID3 promotes the expression of HR genes in response to ionizing radiation by regulating both chromatin accessibility and activity of the transcription factor E2F1. (bvsalud.org)
Search the gene expression profiles from curated DataSets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. (cancerindex.org)

Over the past few years, emerging numerous bioinformatic tools have been developed to identify candidate disease-causing genes [ 4 ], including microRNA (miRNA) genes. (hindawi.com)

A family of endogenous regulatory proteins that associate with RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN via a specific high-affinity binding domain. (bvsalud.org)
[ 1 ] His prediction was subsequently supported by the cloning of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene ( RB1 ) and by functional studies of the retinoblastoma protein, Rb. (medscape.com)

This is in contrast with tumor suppressor genes which must BOTH be defective to lead to abnormal cell division. (cancerquest.org)

ELAC1 has been in the use and may as define as an RNase Z. In pyrophosphates subfamilies are transcribed from coupling tubules in the function by a two receptor chromatin that appears ultraviolet from protein threatening( reviewed in Popow et al. (evakoch.com)

Aberrations in NF1 , MET , ERBB2 and RIT1 occurred in 13% of cases and were enriched in samples otherwise lacking an activated oncogene, suggesting a driver role for these events in certain tumours. (nature.com)
HER2 is colocalised and most of the time, coamplified with the gene GRB7, which is a proto-oncogene associated with breast, testicular germ cell, gastric, and esophageal tumours. (iiab.me)

pRB functions as a negative regulatory transcription factor during the G1 to S phase cell cycle transition. (medscape.com)
It contains an N-terminal RING FINGER DOMAIN and is a PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 1 regulatory subunit. (jefferson.edu)
However, our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of AR-V7-driven transcription is limited. (cancerindex.org)

There is no longer a need for signals to activate these genes. (cancerquest.org)

They play important roles in liver-specific transcription and are critical for CELL DIFFERENTIATION and METABOLISM. (umassmed.edu)

Together, these results provide a unified model that integrates replication, transcription and epigenetics at the INK4/ARF locus. (plos.org)

PTEN is a protean protein with a dual-specificity cytosolic lipid and tyrosine phosphatase activity. (biomedcentral.com)

We are investigating how Pbx and Meis proteins contribute to the specificity of Hox function in development and how disruption of their activities leads to neoplasia. (stanford.edu)

The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)

Both own phosphorylation status and direct protein-protein interactions are increasingly investigated [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The larger the gene name, the more frequently that gene is defective in that cancer type. (cancerquest.org)
These genes have been found to be either malfunctioning or non-functioning in many different kinds of cancer. (cancerquest.org)
Selected oncogenes that have been associated with numerous cancer types are described in more detail below. (cancerquest.org)
In recent years the protein has become an important biomarker and target of therapy for approximately 30% of breast cancer patients. (iiab.me)
This article briefly discusses tumor suppressor genes and then focuses on the role of proto-oncogenes in childhood cancer. (medscape.com)

Evidence supporting the direct control of the cell cycle by Pc-G proteins in vertebrates came from studies on mouse Bmi1 mutants. (plos.org)
Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)

Despite the differences in their normal roles, these genes all contribute to unregulated cell division if they are present in a mutant (oncogenic) form. (cancerquest.org)

Methylation is a fundamental regulator of gene transcription. (spandidos-publications.com)

ChIP-qPCR assays were performed to evaluate the recruitment of different histone modifications in the core promoter region of securin gene as well as its upstream and downstream regions. (biomedcentral.com)
Increased trimethylation of H3 lysine 4 and acetylation of H3 lysine 9 and 18 both globally and in the promoter region of the securin gene were observed by increasing the levels of lysine-N-methyltransferase 2A, lysine-acetyltransferase, EP-300 and PCAF after RAN treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
The promoter region of MEG3 is rich in CpG islands, and the specific methylated and unmethylated CpG islands of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) are located upstream of the MEG3 gene (IG-DMR and MEG3-DMR) ( 17 , 18 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Results were correlated with immunoreactivity for USP7 (herpes virus-associated ubiquitin-specific protease 7) and SUMO2/3 (small ubiquitin-related modifier protein 2/3) as well as PTEN and p53 FISH gene status. (biomedcentral.com)

As an example TP 53 refers to the gene and p53 refers to the protein. (cancerquest.org)

Anatomy17

Organisms7

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs114

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment28

Phenomena and Processes91

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Apoptosis6

Mutations9

Instability7

Epigenetic4

Chromosome8

Abnormalities3

Cytogenetic1

Progression6

Encodes a protein3

Regulate6

Amplification2

Factors3

Alterations1

Proliferation5

Cancers7

Target genes1

Translocation3

Tp536

Hematopoietic cells2

Pathways1

Genome3

EGFR1

Transcriptional6

Binds1

Tumors2

Cells8

Kinase3

Cellular2

Expression6

MicroRNA1

Retinoblastoma2

Abnormal1

Chromatin1

Tumours2

Regulatory3

Activate1

Differentiation1

Epigenetics1

Tyrosine phosphatase1

Specificity1

Complexes1

Phosphorylation1

Cancer5

Cell cycle2

Mutant1

Fundamental1

Promoter3

PTEN1

Refers1