• The pathologic changes in OA joints include degradation of the articular cartilage, especially at the superficial zones, thickening of the subchondral bone, osteophyte formation, and variable degrees of synovial inflammation 11 . (nature.com)
  • The current view holds that osteoarthritis involves not only the articular cartilage but the entire joint organ, including the subchondral bone and synovium. (medscape.com)
  • Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive cartilage loss, subchondral bone remodeling, and synovial inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Pure cartilage graft implantation appears to be a simple option, but it has not been applied widely as cartilage will not reattach easily to the subchondral bone. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The lesion is characterized by focal thickening of articular cartilage with extension of the cartilage into the subchondral bone. (nih.gov)
  • The lesion may progress to erosion of articular cartilage due to subchondral bone collapse. (nih.gov)
  • This disease impacts all joint tissues and is characterized by progressive cartilage degradation, synovitis, abnormal subchondral bone remodeling, and osteophyte formation [ 2 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Obesity triggers some of these defects in cartilage metabolism, leading to cartilage matrix damage and subchondral bone remodel-ing mediated by adipokines, such as leptin and adipsin, and compounded by mechanical factors due to excess weight. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The purpose of the present study was to determine relationship between disease activity, systemic markers of cartilage degradation, urinary C-terminal cross-linking telopeptides of type II collagen (uCTX-II), and bone degradation, urinary C-terminal cross-linking telopeptides of type I collagen (uCTX-I), structural progression of osteoarthritis (OA) and potential therapeutic efficacy of type II collagen (COLLII) in combination with glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate (GC). (springer.com)
  • [ 70 ] No single biomarker has proved reliable for diagnosis and monitoring, but combinations of cartilage-derived and bone-derived biomarkers have been used to identify osteoarthritis subtypes, with possible impact on treatment. (medscape.com)
  • Treatment with dexamethasone stimulated ALP activity and ALP mRNA, consistent with the progression of cartilage toward bone. (avma.org)
  • defects were repaired using various methods including bone marrow stimulation, autologous chondrocyte implantation, and processed chondrograft. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • This paper reclaims the term "mechanotherapy" and presents the current scientific knowledge underpinning how load may be used therapeutically to stimulate tissue repair and remodelling in tendon, muscle, cartilage and bone. (bmj.com)
  • 1 - 4 But what happens at the tissue level to promote repair and remodelling of tendon, muscle, articular cartilage and bone? (bmj.com)
  • Collaborative work is ongoing with Dr. Carl Blobel (HSS) to understand the roles of ADAM17 and iRhom2 in the DMM model and with Dr. Marjolein van der Meulen (Cornell University, Ithaca) and Dr. Mathias Bostrom (HSS) to examine examining the impact of a non-invasive tibial loading model on osteoarthritic changes in cartilage and bone different mouse strains. (hss.edu)
  • Changes in bone were highly correlated between microcomputed tomography and radiographic analysis and changes in cartilage correlated well between urinary glycosaminoglycan levels and serum aggrecanase analyses. (hindawi.com)
  • Exercise improved the negative effects of destabilization in bone but exacerbated the negative effects of destabilization in cartilage. (hindawi.com)
  • These observations suggest that we may need to consider treatments for bone and cartilage separately. (hindawi.com)
  • Goats have very dense bone and thick cartilage in the stifle joints making analysis of arthritic changes in goats difficult. (hindawi.com)
  • Autologous chondrocyte transplantation with bone augmentation for the treatment of osteochodral defects of the knee : Treatment of osteochondral defects of the femoral condyles using autologous cancellous bone from the iliac crest combined with matrix-gui. (donau-uni.ac.at)
  • Osteoarthritis occurs when the protective cartilage that coats the ends of the bones breaks down over time, resulting in bone-on-bone friction. (scienceblog.com)
  • The Wnt signaling pathway can be well established to be always a crucial regulator in EO [13,14], an activity through which bone tissue and articular cartilage are shaped. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Literature review: The articular cartilage is a highly specialized tissue that reduces joint friction and distributes forces related to high mechanical loads between bone ends. (bvsalud.org)
  • Dysregulated cartilage homeostasis, articular cartilage degradation and abnormal bone remodeling are common denominators in joint disease and can lead to severe disability for the patients. (lu.se)
  • Osteoarthritis is a chronic arthropathy characterized by disruption and potential loss of joint cartilage along with other joint changes, including bone hypertrophy (osteophyte formation). (msdmanuals.com)
  • The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of human amniotic membrane (HAM) as a chondrocyte carrier by assessing cell proliferation and maintenance of phenotype in vitro and cartilage regeneration in vivo. (nih.gov)
  • These results suggested that denuded HAM was able to support chondrocyte proliferation and maintenance of phenotype in vitro, seemingly more favorable when DHS was used. (nih.gov)
  • For AC tissue cryopreservation, intact cored cartilage discs (5 mm diameter) and diced cartilage (0.2-1 mm cubes) from the same sized discs were step cooled and stored in liquid nitrogen for up to 48 h before chondrocyte isolation and in vitro assay of cell viability and proliferative potential. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Although chondrocyte death was observed in articular cartilage after excessive stress loading in vitro, few studies have investigated the correlation between chondrocyte death and local mechanical strains in a depth dependent manner. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Korpershoek JV, Rikkers M, Wallis FSA, Dijkstra K, Te Raa M, de Knijff P, Saris DBF , Vonk LA. Mitochondrial Transport from Mesenchymal Stromal Cells to Chondrocytes Increases DNA Content and Proteoglycan Deposition In Vitro in 3D Cultures. (mayo.edu)
  • first for surgical excision of native cartilage, followed by expansion of adult chondrocytes in vitro prior to implantation by a second operation. (lifeboat.com)
  • The use of chondrocytes in cell-based therapies for cartilage lesions is limited by quantity and requires an in vitro 2D expansion, which leads to cell dedifferentiation. (intechopen.com)
  • Accordingly, tissue engineering could overcome these limitations by producing in vitro cartilage substitutes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Untreated cartilage defects often lead to joint pain and degeneration over time, often requiring joint replacement. (ca.gov)
  • The proposed candidate is a universal cell therapy designed to generate new articular cartilage in these defects and interrupt the cycle of degeneration. (ca.gov)
  • Nasal chondrocyte-based engineered autologous cartilage tissue for repair of articular cartilage defects: an observational. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • The study resulted in the long-term repair of articular cartilage defects. (scienceblog.com)
  • These conservative strategies can alleviate pain symptoms, but they cannot terminate the progression of cartilage deterioration and repair cartilage defects. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The trigger of osteoarthritis is most often unknown, but osteoarthritis sometimes begins with tissue damage from mechanical injury (eg, torn meniscus), transmission of inflammatory mediators from the synovium into cartilage, or defects in cartilage metabolism. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This study aimed to optimise methods of cryopreserving human articular cartilage (AC) tissue for the isolation of late chondrocytes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Compared with intact cored discs, dicing of AC tissue into 0.2-1 mm cubes significantly increased the viability and proliferative capacity of surviving chondrocytes after cryopreservation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In situ cross-section imaging using focused ion beam microscopy revealed that dicing of cored AC discs into small cubes reduced the cryo-damage to cartilage tissue matrix. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In conclusion, modification of appropriate factors, such as the size of the tissue, cryoprotective agent, and isolation protocol, can allow successful isolation of viable chondrocytes with high proliferative capacity from cryopreserved human articular cartilage tissue. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The expression of P2Y12 increased in OA cartilage tissue, and P2Y12 inhibited apoptosis. (researchsquare.com)
  • Numerous studies have shown that chondrocytes also have tissue-specific antigens, which induce the introduction of antibodies in patients with cartilage grafts, as well as those with osteoarthritis (OA) [ 1 ]. (springer.com)
  • The applied cartilage surface processing method allows acceptable osteochondral integration, and the repair tissue appears to have good macroscopic and histologic characteristics. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Fissures form within the basal layers of the thickened cartilage, and fibrous connective tissue proliferation occurs subjacent to these fissures. (nih.gov)
  • There is focal loss of articular cartilage with proliferation of subchondral fibrous connective tissue. (nih.gov)
  • That joint preservation technology developed at USC is a therapeutic bio-implant, called Plurocart, composed of a scaffold membrane seeded with stem cell-derived chondrocytes-the cells responsible for producing and maintaining healthy articular cartilage tissue. (scienceblog.com)
  • This is the first time an orthopaedic implant composed of a living cell type was able to fully integrate in the damaged articular cartilage tissue and survive in vivo for up to six months," Evseenko said. (scienceblog.com)
  • The cartilage tissue generated was also biomechanically functional-both strong enough to withstand compression and elastic enough to accommodate movement without breaking. (scienceblog.com)
  • Cartilage tissue engineering (CTE) aims to produce cartilage-like tissues that recreate the complex mechanical, biophysical and biological properties found in vivo. (intechopen.com)
  • The tissue damage stimulates chondrocytes to attempt repair, which increases production of proteoglycans and collagen. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Autologous chondrocyte implantation produced hyalinelike cartilage, although its cellular organization was distinguishable from the surrounding articular cartilage. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Alternative therapies, including autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), matrix-induced ACI (MACI), and stem cell transplantation, are also available commercially or are in the clinical study phase. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Existing surgical techniques including autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) and matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) are considered superior to self-repair induction techniques . (lifeboat.com)
  • Long-term repair of porcine articular cartilage using cryopreservable, clinically compatible human embryonic stem cell-derived chondrocytes. (ca.gov)
  • Anteroposterior (AP) radiograph of the hip reveals severe superior migration of the femoral head (which reflects loss of articular cartilage), subchondral sclerosis, prominent osteophytes, and a large Egger cyst in the superior acetabulum. (medscape.com)
  • Chondrocyte apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Fas, and iNOS in articular cartilage in patients with Kashin-Beck disease. (jrheum.org)
  • Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to observe the expression of P2Y12, MMP13, COL2 and other cartilage degeneration and apoptosis related indexes. (researchsquare.com)
  • During the progression of FJOA, these pro-inflammatory cytokines are considered to be key factors in promoting chondrocyte apoptosis. (researchsquare.com)
  • IGF-1 is a member of a family of growth factors that are structurally closely related to pro-insulin and can promote chondrocyte proliferation, enhance matrix production, and inhibit chondrocyte apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Intra-articular injection of GAS6 restored the phagocytic capacity of macrophages, decreased synovial cell apoptosis, and prevented OA progression in obese-OA mice. (elifesciences.org)
  • Chondrocyte apoptosis in the articular cartilage of mice was analyzed. (bvsalud.org)
  • The knee cartilage samples were collected from gender- and age-matched KBD (n = 9) and OA (n = 9) patients. (nature.com)
  • Our findings confirm the safety and feasibility of cartilage grafts engineered from nasal cells to repair damaged knee cartilage. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • Intra-articular knee injections of homologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have been shown to improve function and quality of life in patients with degenerative lesions of the knee cartilage and osteoarthritis at 6 months post injection. (medscape.com)
  • Our group of scientists and clinicians has been continuously funded by the California Institute of Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) to develop a first-in class pluripotent stem cell-based therapy for focal articular cartilage lesions. (ca.gov)
  • The work described in this proposal is designed to produce a universal treatment for articular cartilage lesions. (ca.gov)
  • In some patients joint degeneration starts with posttraumatic focal lesions, which are lesions in the articular (joint) cartilage ranging from 1 to 8 cm 2 in diameter," Evseenko said. (scienceblog.com)
  • There are two main options for medication therapies, which are the drugs for treating symptomatic pain and intra-articular (IA) injection. (frontiersin.org)
  • Intra-articular injection of GAS6 restored the phagocytic capacity of macrophages, reduced the accumulation of local ACs, and decreased the levels of TUNEL and Caspase-3 positive cells, preserving cartilage thickness and preventing the progression of obesity-associated OA. (elifesciences.org)
  • Therefore, targeting macrophage-associated efferocytosis or intra-articular injection of GAS6 is a potential therapeutic strategy for obesity-associated OA. (elifesciences.org)
  • The most common type of intra-articular knee injection is with corticosteroids, but other agents have been used, including infliximab, hyaluronic acid, botulinum neurotoxin, and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). (medscape.com)
  • Intra-articular infliximab can be used to treat refractory knee monoarthritis/synovitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Behçet disease, and spondyloarthropathy (eg, ankylosing spondylitis) that is resistant to systemic treatment. (medscape.com)
  • Intra-articular knee injections of hyaluronic acid have been shown to provide functional and perceived benefits in knee osteoarthritis for up to 5-6 months. (medscape.com)
  • Intra-articular hyaluronic acid injection into a rheumatoid arthritic knee can modulate inflammatory changes, though the exact mechanism or mechanisms are unclear. (medscape.com)
  • Intra-articular injection of botulinum neurotoxin A into the knee joint may provide therapeutic pain relief in patients with advanced knee osteoarthritis. (medscape.com)
  • According to a preliminary study, pain and stiffness significantly improved and lasted about 3 months following intra-articular knee joint botulinum toxin A injection, though physical function did not significantly improve based on the Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index. (medscape.com)
  • Sample Population -Articular cartilage and synovium with normal gross appearance from metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints of 8 horses (1 to 10 years of age). (avma.org)
  • Novel mouse strains have been generated in which the cytokine-inducible transcription factor Elf3 is either knocked out specifically in cartilage (Col2a1Cre;Elf3 fl/fl ) or overexpressed in cartilage and synovium (ComptTA;TRE-Elf3). (hss.edu)
  • Researchers have investigated the use of monoclonal antibodies, synovial fluid markers, and urinary pyridinium cross-links (ie, breakdown products of cartilage) as osteoarthritic indicators. (medscape.com)
  • Collaborative studies with Dr. HI Roach's group (Southampton, UK) have also identified epigenetic regulation via alterations in the methylation status of specific CpG sites in the promoters of MMP13, IL1B, NOS2, and COL9A1, associated with aberrant gene expression in osteoarthritic cartilage. (hss.edu)
  • Co-culture of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with articular chondrocytes (ACs) has been reported to improve the efficiency of utilization of a small number of ACs for the engineering of implantable cartilaginous tissues. (unibas.ch)
  • On the other hand, etoposide treatment reliably induces DNA damage-related senescence in human articular chondrocytes evidenced by loss of proliferative capacity, DNA damage accumulation, and expression of some SASP components. (aging-us.com)
  • Thus, chondrocyte metabolism in the adjacent cartilage is relatively low, and these cells cannot easily migrate to the damaged site [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a member of a family of growth factors that are structurally closely related to pro-insulin, has shown profound effects on chondrocyte biological behavior and fundamentally regulates cartilage matrix metabolism during cartilage repair. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We also found that interleukin-17A can upregulate other pro-inflammatory cytokine release from chondrocytes and a release of both proteins and protein metabolism fragments into conditioned media. (lu.se)
  • In summary, human cartilage grafts were successfully generated, culturing BM-MSCs with a relatively low fraction of non-expanded ACs in porous scaffolds. (unibas.ch)
  • Another study has demonstrated that both serum and synovial fluid from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) could not stimulate chondrocyte proteoglycan synthesis once the IGF-1 function was blocked by a primary antibody [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the underlying mechanism of cartilage degeneration in FJOA remains unclear. (researchsquare.com)
  • To understand the mechanism of cartilage degeneration and remodeling, it is important to know the mechanical stimuli to chondrocytes for physiological loading conditions. (cdc.gov)
  • At present, treatment options for cartligage damage are very limited, ranging from trying to stimulate injured cartilage to regrow by injecting growth-factor and platelet-rich plasma, to grafting pieces of cartilage from other joints or even completely replacing a joint with a prosthesis. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • In a rat fracture model, IGF-1 combined with TGF-ß could stimulate chondrocyte proliferation and cartilage formation at the early stage of day 5 [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, efforts at repair also stimulate the enzymes that degrade cartilage, as well as inflammatory cytokines, which are normally present in small amounts. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Here, we developed a real-time observation system of cut cartilage samples under an excessive stress loading (18 MPa) at low (3.5%/s) and high (35%/s) strain rates on the microscope stage, which is regarded as injurious compression in vivo. (elsevierpure.com)
  • An ex vivo study showed that IGF-1 in fetal bovine serum was responsible for maintaining articular cartilage proteoglycan synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, one should consider the application of mechanical stimuli and surface properties to produce an articular cartilage with satisfactory characteristics for in vivo application. (bvsalud.org)
  • A focal cartilage lesion has limited capacity to heal, and the repair modalities used at present are still unable to provide a universal solution. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Here, we reviewed the role of IGF-1 in cartilage anabolism and catabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • At exactly the same time, most research support the idea that activation of Wnt/-catenin signaling can be connected 41294-56-8 manufacture with articular chondrocyte matrix catabolism and steady phenotype reduction [15]. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Since the chondrocytes in adult human cartilage are normally quiescent and maintain the matrix in a low turnover state, understanding how they undergo phenotypic modulation and promote matrix destruction and abnormal repair in OA may lead to identification of critical targets for therapy to block cartilage damage and promote effective cartilage repair. (hss.edu)
  • LNA043 exerts at least part of these effects through binding to the fibronectin receptor, integrin α 5 β 1 on mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes. (nih.gov)
  • While chondrocytes grew in monolayer fashion on the surface of IHE and DHB substrates, the cells seeded in DHS penetrated and spread into the whole thickness of the stromal layer. (nih.gov)
  • Further studies are required to determine whether these cells may retain cartilage differentiation capacity and provide sufficient chondrocytes for use as implants in clinical applications. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cartilage is the slippery "anatomical Teflon" secreted by specialised cells called chondrocytes. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • Evseenko said molecular characterization studies showed the bio-implant mimicked natural articular cartilage, with more than 95 percent of implanted cells being identified as articular chondrocytes. (scienceblog.com)
  • Of particular interest is an injectable, in situ gelling hydrogel for cell encapsulation that can be delivered with low cytotoxicity to native chondrocytes and encapsulated cells. (queensu.ca)
  • Passage 0 chondrocyte migration was less than 3% of seeded cells for all conditions investigated with no significant differences between groups. (queensu.ca)
  • Obese OA mice had a more severe cartilage destruction and increased levels of synovial apoptotic cells (ACs) than OA mice in the control group. (elifesciences.org)
  • The most attractive cell types currently used for CTE are autologous chondrocytes and adult stem cells. (intechopen.com)
  • In the present chapter, we report the development of heparin-, chondroitin sulfate-, decorin-, and poly(ε-caprolactone)-based self-assembling peptide composite scaffolds to promote re-differentiation of expanded human articular chondrocytes and induction of adipose-derived stem cells to chondrogenic commitment. (intechopen.com)
  • Objective: To review the literature regarding sources of cells, scaffolds, and morphogenic agents currently used to produce articular cartilage. (bvsalud.org)
  • Chondrocytes have the longest cell cycle in the body (similar to central nervous system and muscle cells). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Inflammatory mediators trigger an inflammatory cycle that further stimulates the chondrocytes and synovial lining cells, eventually breaking down the cartilage. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The current focus of Dr. Goldring's laboratory is on the mechanisms of gene regulation by which stress- and inflammation-induced signals induce expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13), the pivotal collagen-degrading proteinase that marks osteoarthritis progression, as well as other catabolic and anabolic responses in cartilage and other joint tissues. (hss.edu)
  • The degradation of the cartilage (and other tissues in the joint) is slow, and therefore it is sometimes said that OA is a degenerative disease. (lu.se)
  • Etoposide-induced senescence model may help investigate the initiation of cellular senescence in chondrocytes, and provide a useful model to develop therapeutic approaches to target senescence in OA. (aging-us.com)
  • The close resemblance between terminal differentiation in OA cartilage and EO shows that fresh OA therapeutic focuses on can potentially become determined from EO biology. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • The results showed that 10 % dimethyl sulphoxide in 90 % foetal bovine serum was a successful CPA for chondrocyte cryopreservation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Chemotaxis of passage 0 and passage 2 bovine chondrocytes toward bovine ASCs was measured using a modified Boyden chamber assay. (queensu.ca)
  • The present work showed that ASCs do not encourage chemotaxis of bovine chondrocytes in 2-D culture. (queensu.ca)
  • In Paper I we investigated the effect of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-17 on articular cartilage in a bovine explant model system. (lu.se)
  • In Paper III, we developed and validated a robust and specific ELISA assay measuring a MMP-1 and MMP-13 cleaved type II collagen fragment (T2CM) that we identified in the study for Paper I. It was elevated in response to pro-inflammatory cytokine treatment of bovine articular cartilage, and in osteoarthritis patients referred for a total knee joint replacement surgery compared to patients with moderate or severe disease. (lu.se)
  • Intracellular contents released by accumulated ACs further triggered an immune response and lead to a release of inflammatory factors, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, which induce chondrocyte homeostasis dysfunction in obese OA patients. (elifesciences.org)
  • With this in mind, Basel University's Ivan Martin and his colleagues recruited ten patients with cartilage injuries to their knees. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • Fluid pressure and stress-strain state in and around chondrocytes are important mechanical stimuli associated with remodeling, adaptation. (cdc.gov)
  • This study used etoposide, to induce DNA damage-related senescence or chronic exposure to IL-1β to entail inflammation-related senescence in human OA chondrocytes. (aging-us.com)
  • Chronic exposure to IL-1β induces only partial expression of senescence markers and does not allow us to conclude on its ability to induce senescence in chondrocytes. (aging-us.com)
  • Articular cartilage does not have a direct blood supply to it, so has less capacity to repair itself. (tomnoonanmd.com)
  • The proposed co-culture strategy is directly relevant towards a single-stage surgical procedure for cartilage repair. (unibas.ch)
  • This may be important for MSC-based repair of articular cartilage. (avma.org)
  • We hypothesized that pure cartilage graft with augmented osteochondral fusion capacity may be used for cartilage repair and we compared this method with other repair techniques. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Compared with other methods, processed chondrograft was found to be similarly effective in cartilage repair. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • But what if doctors could intervene and repair damaged cartilage before surgery is needed? (scienceblog.com)
  • For the first time, researchers at the Keck School of Medicine of USC have used a stem cell-based bio-implant to repair cartilage and delay joint degeneration in a large animal model. (scienceblog.com)
  • Articular cartilage repair is a critical issue in osteoarthritis (OA) treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway has been implicated in articular cartilage repair. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Optimization of IGF delivery systems will facilitate treatment application in cartilage repair and improve OA treatment efficacy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Growth factors and their signaling pathways have recently attracted much attention in cartilage repair for OA treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Final considerations: Current treatments for articular cartilage repair have major limitations. (bvsalud.org)
  • Human AC specimens from osteoarthritis patients who had undergone total knee replacement were used to optimise the chondrocyte isolation process and the choice of cryoprotective agent (CPA). (ox.ac.uk)
  • The Jonason laboratory is interested in the signaling mechanisms that govern mesenchymal stem cell differentiation as well as maturation of committed chondrocytes and osteoblasts during skeletal development. (rochester.edu)
  • Lately, more and more research possess implicated chondrocyte terminal differentiation (hypertrophy-like adjustments) in the pathogenesis of OA. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • That is like the chondrocyte differentiation procedure during endochondral ossification (EO). (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Regular articular chondrocytes located in the ends of lengthy bones usually do not become the hypertrophic condition, thus staying away from terminal differentiation. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Modern times have also noticed several research indicating that Rho GTPases play central tasks in both chondrocyte differentiation and articular chondrocyte physiology, which is talked about below. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • This lesion tends to occur in regions of articular cartilage that are thicker, such as the caudal aspect of the medial femoral condyles and humeral head. (nih.gov)
  • Biomaterials for meniscus and cartilage in knee surgery: state of the art. (mayo.edu)
  • [ 2 ] Chondrocytes treated with autologous plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) have shown a significant increase in proteoglycan and collagen synthesis. (medscape.com)