Granulosa cellsOvarian theca cellsCorpus luteumFolliclesAndrogensEstrogensOvaryProliferationSteroidogenesisLipidsSulfateSecretionGlandularMetabolismHormoneACTHHepaticProteinsIncreasesFollicleMembraneTissuesReverse cholesterol transportEndoplasmic reticulumBindsReceptorGenesLipoproteinEstradiolProductionBileDecreasesMoleculeCirculationFunctionalEvaluationMRNARegulationTissueEstrogen receptorsDisordersExpressionLiverTumorVivoALPHA CELLSEndocrine
Granulosa cells10
- During the reproductive years most estradiol in women is produced by the granulosa cells of the ovaries by aromatization of testosterone from the theca cells, or conversion of estrone to estradiol. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
- This compound crosses the basal membrane into the surrounding granulosa cells , where it is converted to estrone or estradiol, either immediately or through testosterone. (wikidoc.org)
- Binding studies showed that SR-BI mediated the recognition of apoptotic granulosa cells. (gu.se)
- This testosterone is passed over to the granulosa cells. (drfionand.com)
- The influence of pituitary FSH on the granulosa cells causes testosterone to turn into estradiol. (drfionand.com)
- Moreover, GDF9 and BMP15 were immunolocalized in oocytes and granulosa cells of preantral follicles obtained from both control and treated ovaries. (moleculardepot.com)
- TGFBR1, BMPR1B and BMPR2 receptors were observed in the oocytes and granulosa cells of preantral follicles as well as in granulosa and theca cells of small antral follicles. (moleculardepot.com)
- Other recent studies verified the presence of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells of humans, monkeys, cattle, mice, and pigs. (bioone.org)
- Increases in the amount of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells during follicular development occurs in some but not all species, indicating that other proteases or protease inhibitors may be involved in IGFBP degradation. (bioone.org)
- The granulosa cells and theca cells of the developing antral follicle and the steroidogenic cells of the corpus luteum produce and respond to angiogenic factors and vasoactive peptides. (biomedcentral.com)
Ovarian theca cells1
- When it comes to the ovaries, the pituitary hormone LH causes the uptake of cholesterol into and the production of pregnenolone within the ovarian theca cells that is then turned into testosterone. (drfionand.com)
Corpus luteum12
- In the ovary, SR-BI was expressed in steroidogenically active theca cells in healthy follicles and in corpus luteum, where it may enhance cholesterol uptake as a substrate for steroid hormone production. (gu.se)
- Progesterone is only produced by the theca cells after ovulation has occurred until the ovarian corpus luteum cells degenerate. (drfionand.com)
- The remaining cells in the follicle wall ( i.e. granulosa, membrana and periantral, theca, the theca interna and externa) develop into the corpus luteum. (glowm.com)
- The cyclic nature of the capillary bed in the corpus luteum offers a unique experimental model to examine the life cycle of endothelial cells, involving discrete physiologically regulated steps of angiogenesis, blood vessel maturation and blood vessel regression. (biomedcentral.com)
- On the other end of the spectrum, the microvascular endothelial cells are the first cells to undergo apoptosis at the onset of corpus luteum regression. (biomedcentral.com)
- Endothelial cells communicate with cells comprising the functional unit of the corpus luteum, i.e ., other vascular cells, steroidogenic cells, and immune cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- This review is designed to provide an overview of the types of endothelial cells present in the corpus luteum and their involvement in corpus luteum development and regression. (biomedcentral.com)
- Available evidence indicates that microvascular endothelial cells of the corpus luteum are not alike, and may differ during the process of angiogenesis and angioregression. (biomedcentral.com)
- The contributions of vasoactive peptides generated by the luteal endothelin-1 and the renin-angiotensin systems are discussed in context with the function of endothelial cells during corpus luteum formation and regression. (biomedcentral.com)
- The potential clinical applications of research directed on corpus luteum endothelial cells are intriguing considering reproductive processes in which vascular dysfunctions may play a role such as ovarian failure, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). (biomedcentral.com)
- Collectively, these studies demonstrate that the rate of endothelial cell proliferation is highest during corpus luteum formation, then decreases and remains low during the mid-luteal phase and structural regression of the corpus luteum. (biomedcentral.com)
- The regulation of endothelial cell proliferation in the corpus luteum of pregnancy is less clear. (biomedcentral.com)
Follicles4
- The follicular fluid (FF) provides a crucial microenvironment for the proper development of follicles and oocytes through tightly controlled metabolism and cell signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
- Only a few follicles in the human ovary survive to complete the cytodifferentiation process, with 99.9% dying by a programmed cell death mechanism called apoptosis. (glowm.com)
- Nicotine induced a reduction in the proliferative indexes of granulosa and theca cells in pre-antral and antral follicles ( P = 0.001). (biomedcentral.com)
- Co-Treatment with ginseng also reduced the expression of apoptotic markers and increased the proliferative indexes in granulosa and theca cells in pre-antral and antral follicles and also in stroma cells, in comparison to the nicotine group ( P = 0.001). (biomedcentral.com)
Androgens2
- However, different statins may have distinctly different profiles of effects on cholesterol and androgens. (uky.edu)
- Oral androgens decrease high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and increase low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. (medscape.com)
Estrogens2
- Like all steroid hormones, estrogens readily diffuse across the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
- In females, synthesis of estrogens starts in theca interna cells in the ovary, by the synthesis of androstenedione from cholesterol. (gracialatinasantiago.com)
Ovary2
- The process of ovulation itself involves great change in the production of estradiol, testosterone and progesterone within the cells of the ovary in a cyclic pattern. (drfionand.com)
- This study showed ginseng protects folliculogenesis via alteration of hypothalamic- pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, induction of proliferation in ovarian somatic cells, reduction of lipid peroxidation, and downregulation of apoptotic markers in the mouse ovary, treated with nicotine. (biomedcentral.com)
Proliferation4
- Conversely, EO decreased the proliferation of LNCaP and HeLa cells with respective IC50 values of 135.53 ± 5.27 µg/mL and 146.17 ± 11 µg/mL. (bvsalud.org)
- Previously, we have demonstrated that simvastatin inhibited cellular proliferation and reduced androgen production by ovarian theca-interstitial cells. (uky.edu)
- The role of Eag and HERG channels in cell proliferation and apoptotic cell death in SK-OV-3 ovarian cancer cell line Cancer Cell International. (nottingham.ac.uk)
- During the course of folliculogenesis, growth is achieved by cell proliferation and formation of follicular fluid, whereas development involves cytodifferentiation of all the cells and tissues in the follicle. (glowm.com)
Steroidogenesis5
- Testosterone is synthesized during steroidogenesis , with cholesterol as the starting molecule. (wikidoc.org)
- StAR promotes the transfer of cholesterol to the inner mitochondrial membrane and initiates steroidogenesis. (illnesshacker.com)
- The present study was designed to compare the effects of several statins on growth and steroidogenesis of rat theca-interstitial cells. (uky.edu)
- They include metabolic products highly associated with ovarian function - amino acids for regulating pH and osmolarity, lipids such fatty acids and cholesterols for oocyte maturation, and glucocorticoids for ovarian steroidogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
- APOE transports cholesterol for luteinizing hormone (LH)-regulated steroidogenesis, and both LH and neurosteroids have been implicated in the etiology of AD. (biomedcentral.com)
Lipids2
- OxLDL increased expression of genes involved in uptake of oxLDL, storage of lipids and cholesterol efflux whereas expression of genes involved in cholesterol synthesis and LDL-uptake was decreased. (gu.se)
- cholesterol is a lipid of Sterol Lipids (ST) class. (cmdm.tw)
Sulfate2
- We report that perturbing the lipidome of tumor microenvironment by the expression of sulfotransferase 2B1b crucial in cholesterol and oxysterol sulfate synthesis, favored intratumoral representation of monocyte-derived antigen-presenting cells, including monocyte-DCs. (bvsalud.org)
- Cholesterol sulfate: a new adhesive molecule for platelets. (cmdm.tw)
Secretion1
- Cholic acid aids absorption, biliary secretion, and phase transitions of cholesterol in murine cholelithogenesis. (cmdm.tw)
Glandular1
- A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances. (lookformedical.com)
Metabolism4
- Lipid and cholesterol metabolism play a crucial role in tumor cell behavior and in shaping the tumor microenvironment. (bvsalud.org)
- In particular, enzymatic and non-enzymatic cholesterol metabolism, and derived metabolites control dendritic cell (DC) functions, ultimately impacting tumor antigen presentation within and outside the tumor mass, dampening tumor immunity and immunotherapeutic attempts. (bvsalud.org)
- Here we perturbed (oxy)sterol metabolism genetically and pharmacologically and analyzed the tumor lipidome landscape in relation to the tumor-infiltrating immune cells. (bvsalud.org)
- The malfunctioning of our reproduction is tied to underlying energy dysregulation in our cells, caused by the many factors of our industrialized modern living that are disrupting our ability to metabolize food to energy properly (factors ranging from chronic overconsumption of refined sugars to the metabolism-disrupting chemicals in so many of our products like food storage containers, furniture, makeup, and cleaning supplies). (levelshealth.com)
Hormone4
- The estrogen:ER complex binds to specific DNA sequences called a hormone response element to activate the transcription of target genes (in a study using an estrogen-dependent breast cancer cell line as model, 89 such genes were identified). (wikipedia.org)
- Hormone production happens differently in different endocrine glands(and *inside* of different cells). (drfionand.com)
- Specialized hypothalamic neurons secrete pulses of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) into the portal blood vessels, which acts on the gonadotrophs to cause a pulsatile release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which act on ovarian follicle cells to control folliculogenesis. (glowm.com)
- CD16 and CD56 are markers for NK Cells *Rx for Mycoplasma pneumonia (cold agglutinins) mentioned in stem Erythromycin, Tetracycline *Guy had occult blood in stool and fibrosis in kidney Polyarteritis Nodosa *What type of HSN reaction is the PPD test for TB Type IV HSN Rx *ADH hormone 2nd messenger adenylyl cyclase / cAMP *Pt. (pdfcoffee.com)
ACTH1
- As aample, when cortisol is produced under stress or in the context of natural circadian rhythms, the pituitary gland releases ACTH and the adrenal zona faciculata cells take in cholesterol using special proteins and use it to make pregnenolone and convert it to cortisol. (drfionand.com)
Hepatic1
- Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. (lookformedical.com)
Proteins4
- The mRNA interacts with ribosomes to produce specific proteins that express the effect of estradiol upon the target cell. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
- The blood carries the hormones to target cells that contain specific receptor proteins for the hormones, and which therefore can respond in a specific fashion to them. (50webs.org)
- Clear indices of cell death-myocyte disruption, coagulative necrosis, elevation of cardiac proteins in serum-are present by 24 hours. (spiritsong.org)
- Hormones are recognised by either cell surface receptors (modified amino acids, peptides, proteins) or cytoplasmic/nuclear receptors (steroids). (edu.au)
Increases2
- Structural Anabolic: Increases muscle mass and strength, speed of muscle regeneration, and bone density, increased sensitivity to exercise, protection against muscle damage, stronger collagen synthesis, increases the collagen content of connective tissues, tendons, and ligaments, but also decreases stiffness of tendons and ligaments (especially during menstruation). (wikipedia.org)
- This persons contraception status increases thrombogenicity due to reduced endogenous oestrogen status secondary to germ cells destruction by contraception, over that her consumption of hormonal pills to postpone menstruation further decreases endogenous oestrogen, increased vulnerability for pulmonary thromboembolism. (scirp.org)
Follicle2
- Growth of the dominant follicle encompasses enlargement of the oocyte, replication of follicular cells, and formation and expansion of a fluid-filled follicular antrum or cavity, providing a specialized microenvironment for the development of oocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
- In vivo study in treated rats by nicotine also resulted in the reduction of follicle numbers, and ovarian cholesterol and glycogen elevation [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Membrane4
- The cell membrane or plasma membrane is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. (absoluteastronomy.com)
- The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. (absoluteastronomy.com)
- At the inner mitochondrial membrane, cholesterol is converted to pregnenolone by the action of P450scc. (illnesshacker.com)
- Know normal platelet count, increased bleeding time, increased PTT *Captopril is a teratogen *MOA of Amphotericin B Punches holes in ergosterol of the fungal cell membrane *Tons of biostats. (pdfcoffee.com)
Tissues2
- The atheroprotective effect of HDL is believed to be related to the HDL-mediated reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral tissues to the liver. (gu.se)
- Amphotericin B lipid complex or amphotericin B multiple-dose administration to rabbits with elevated plasma cholesterol levels: pharmacokinetics in plasma and blood, plasma lipoprotein levels, distribution in tissues, and renal toxicities. (cmdm.tw)
Reverse cholesterol transport2
- The aim of this thesis was to examine the changes in gene expression during foam cell formation and to study the HDL-receptor scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), which may be of importance for reverse cholesterol transport.To search for genes that may be of importance for foam cell formation, expression profiling of human macrophages exposed to oxLDL was performed. (gu.se)
- Stimulation of fecal steroid excretion after infusion of recombinant proapolipoprotein A-I. Potential reverse cholesterol transport in humans. (cmdm.tw)
Endoplasmic reticulum1
- Closed vesicles of fragmented endoplasmic reticulum created when liver cells or tissue are disrupted by homogenization. (lookformedical.com)
Binds2
- Like other steroid hormones, estrogen enters passively into the cell where it binds to and activates the estrogen receptor. (wikipedia.org)
- Atthetissuelevel,vitaminC is required for production of collagen and other compounds that comprise the intercellular matrix that binds cells together. (spiritsong.org)
Receptor4
- G protein-coupled receptors , also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein-linked receptors , comprise a large protein family of transmembrane receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal. (absoluteastronomy.com)
- Estradiol enters cells freely and interacts with a target cell receptor. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
- When the estrogen receptor has bound its ligand it can enter the nucleus of the target cell, and regulate gene transcription which leads to formation of messenger RNA. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
- Tissue distribution and regulation of SR-BI indicate that it may function both as a scavenger receptor and as a receptor for HDL-cholesterol. (gu.se)
Genes4
- Once inside the cell, they bind to and activate estrogen receptors (ERs) which in turn modulate the expression of many genes. (wikipedia.org)
- For information on therapeutic regulation of gene expression, see therapeutic gene modulation.Regulation of gene expression includes the processes that cells and viruses use to regulate the way that the information in genes is turned into gene products. (absoluteastronomy.com)
- In conclusion, expression profiling of macrophages revealed changes in the expression of several genes and may provide clues to the mechanisms behind foam cell formation. (gu.se)
- The associated genes with cholesterol are MBD2 gene, SIM, SLC33A1 gene, Genome and NSDHL gene. (cmdm.tw)
Lipoprotein1
- The risk of atherosclerosis correlates with plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and is inversely correlated to plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. (gu.se)
Estradiol2
- Estradiol, like other sex steroids, is derived from cholesterol. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
- Particularly fat cells are active to convert precursors to estradiol, and will continue to do so even after the menopause. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
Production1
- Statins are competitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme of the cellular production of cholesterol and other products of the mevalonate pathway. (uky.edu)
Bile1
- Impaired absorption of cholesterol and bile acids in patients with an ileoanal anastomosis. (cmdm.tw)
Decreases1
- Soy protein peptic hydrolysate with bound phospholipids decreases micellar solubility and cholesterol absorption in rats and caco-2 cells. (cmdm.tw)
Molecule1
- and platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, PECAM-1). (biomedcentral.com)
Circulation1
- Although some pregnenolone leaks into the circulation, most of it is synthesized from cholesterol *inside* the cell. (drfionand.com)
Functional1
- Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. (absoluteastronomy.com)
Evaluation1
- Assessment of effects of statins on cell growth was carried out by evaluation of DNA synthesis and by estimation of the number of viable cells. (uky.edu)
MRNA1
- Expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) mRNA in rat hepatoma cells requires endogenous LXR ligands. (cmdm.tw)
Regulation1
- Up-regulation of P-glycoprotein expression by means of glutathione depletion- induced oxidative stress in rat brains microvessel endotelial cells. (fosite.ru)
Tissue1
- Cell Tissue Res. (or.jp)
Estrogen receptors1
- inside the cell, they interact with estrogen receptors . (wikidoc.org)
Disorders1
- Disorders of cholesterol biosynthesis. (cmdm.tw)
Expression3
- SR-BI expression in macrophages was upregulated by oxLDL, suggesting that SR-BI may function as a mediator of cholesterol efflux. (gu.se)
- Increased intestinal ABCA1 expression contributes to the decrease in cholesterol absorption after plant stanol consumption. (cmdm.tw)
- Roller L., Daubnerová I., Mizoguchi A., Satake H ., Tanaka Y., Stano M., Klucar L., Žitňan D. (2022) Expression analysis of peptidergic enteroendocrine cells in the silkworm Bombyx mori. (or.jp)
Liver2
- We also found that treating mice with a newly developed antagonist of the oxysterol receptors Liver X Receptors (LXRs), promoted intratumoral monocyte-DC differentiation, delayed tumor growth and synergized with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy and adoptive T cell therapy. (bvsalud.org)
- A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. (lookformedical.com)
Tumor2
- The ability of two cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma, are evaluated as paracrine mediators of endothelial cell function during angioregression. (biomedcentral.com)
- It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. (lookformedical.com)
Vivo2
- We found that dioxin or PCB-153 exposure increased hallmarks of growth and metastasis of prostate cancer cells ex vivo and in grafted NOD-SCID mice. (bvsalud.org)
- Important insights on the morphology and function of luteal endothelial cells have been gained from a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies on endothelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
ALPHA CELLS1
- The phenotype of Pax6-/- knockout mice suggests non-redundant functions of the transcription factor in the development of glucagon-expressing alpha-cells as this cell type is absent in the mutants. (edu.au)
Endocrine2
- the endocrine portion of the pancreas is composed of clusters of cells called the pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans). (50webs.org)
- Endocrine Pancreas [1] "The transcription factor Pax6 functions in the specification and maintenance of the differentiated cell lineages in the endocrine pancreas. (edu.au)