Cholera. Medical search. Frequent questions

Vaccine Outbreaks of cholera Outbreak of cholera Infection Sanitation Diarrhoea Acute Vaccines 2023 Toxin 2022 Love in the Watery diarrhea Prevention Epidemics Severe cholera Active cholera Endemic Experiencing cholera outbreaks Exposed to the cholera bacterium Cholerae Vaccination Africa Case of cholera Areas where cholera Electrolytes Diarrhea Diseases Traveling to cholera-affected areas Epidemic cholera Eliminate cholera Bacteria that cause cholera Experienced a cholera outbreak Intestinal Centers Recent cases of cholera Bacterial Haiti 19th century Worst cholera outbreak 2020 Deaths Extremely virulent disease Shed cholera bacteria Drinking water or eating food conta Bacterium Dehydration 2019 2018 Travelers Risk for cholera Source of cholera Burden of cholera Strains of cholera Symptoms of cholera Positive for cholera Fight against cholera Patients with cholera Illness Immunity Virulent World Health Organ Disease Cases Incidence

In 2017 the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a single-dose, live, oral cholera vaccine called Vaxchora for adults aged 18-64 who are travelling to an area of active cholera transmission. (wikipedia.org)
Is a vaccine available to prevent cholera? (cdc.gov)
An inactivated oral vaccine is available in Canada and countries where Cholera may be endemic. (iamat.org)
Since the outbreak began, Malawi has carried out two large vaccination campaigns, but due to limited supplies, has offered just one of the usually recommended two oral cholera vaccine doses. (zawya.com)
The FDA-approved vaccine is for adults 18 to 64 years traveling to an area of active cholera transmission. (unboundmedicine.com)
There is a cholera vaccine available for adults ages 18 to 64 who are traveling to an area with an active cholera outbreak. (medlineplus.gov)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention does not recommend the cholera vaccine for most travelers because most people do not travel to areas where cholera is present. (medlineplus.gov)
NIAID efforts to develop a preventive cholera vaccine have targeted two distinct but overlapping approaches: live and "killed" vaccines. (nih.gov)
An important re-analysis of a large study involving a vaccine containing inactivated cholera found that the incidence of cholera among the placebo recipients varied inversely with the level of vaccination in the community. (nih.gov)
In the case of cholera, one epidemiological model in Bangladesh showed that because of community immunity, a vaccine containing inactivated cholera conferring relatively short-lived immunity could eliminate cholera entirely if 70 percent of the population was vaccinated. (nih.gov)
The development of a vaccine containing live cholera involves reducing the bacteria's virulence and ability to cause diarrhea while preserving its ability to induce an immune response. (nih.gov)
The technology used to create Dukoral was later transferred to Vietnam and India, where a modified killed cholera vaccine is being produced as OCV-Vax in Vietnam and as Shanchol in India. (nih.gov)
Vaxchora ( Cholera Vaccine , Live, Oral) is a vaccine indicated for active immunization against disease caused by Vibrio cholera serogroup O1. (rxlist.com)
Our Vaxchora (Cholera Vaccine, Live, Oral) Side Effects Drug Center provides a comprehensive view of available drug information on the potential side effects when taking this medication. (rxlist.com)
VAXCHORA ( Cholera Vaccine, Live, Oral) is a live, attenuated bacterial vaccine suspension for oral administration containing the V. cholerae strain CVD 103-HgR. (rxlist.com)
VAXCHORA is a vaccine indicated for active immunization against disease caused by Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 in persons 2 through 64 years of age traveling to cholera-affected areas. (rxlist.com)
The effectiveness of VAXCHORA has not been established in persons who have pre-existing immunity due to previous exposure to V. cholerae or receipt of a cholera vaccine. (rxlist.com)
The vaccine scheduler table summarizes the current vaccination schedule for young children, adolescents, and adults for Cholera. (who.int)
Cholera can be prevented by heeding food and water precautions and receiving cholera vaccine before travel. (cdc.gov)
Review CDC resources on the epidemiology of cholera vaccine to use in clinical decision making about offering vaccine to patients. (cdc.gov)
Discuss cholera vaccine recommendations and CDC resources for cholera vaccine. (cdc.gov)
Effects of undernutrition on infection with Vibrio cholerae O1 and on response to oral cholera vaccine. (bvsalud.org)

Throughout history, populations all over the world have sporadically been affected by devastating outbreaks of cholera. (medscape.com)
Roadmap to 2030,2 large-scale outbreaks of cholera continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality among vulnerable populations in both emergency and endemic settings. (who.int)
The World Health Organization began a campaign on Saturday to prevent outbreaks of cholera in temporary camps in South Sudan housing thousands of people who have fled the country's brutal two-month-old conflict…" (2/22). (kff.org)
When outbreaks of cholera occur, efforts should be made to establish clean water, food, and sanitation. (medlineplus.gov)
[7] Japan suffered at least seven major outbreaks of cholera between 1858 and 1902. (wikipedia.org)

But for more than a century it hasn't recorded an outbreak of cholera, a disease that thrives in an environment where sanitation infrastructure is almost nonexistent and personal hygiene is poor. (newsweek.com)
2017-01-18T12:41:27-05:00 https://images.c-span.org/Files/09f/20170118124322003_hd.jpg Who should be responsible for the outbreak of cholera in Haiti? (c-span.org)
Who should be responsible for the outbreak of cholera in Haiti? (c-span.org)
The third cholera pandemic (1846-1860) was the third major outbreak of cholera originating in India in the 19th century that reached far beyond its borders, which researchers at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) believe may have started as early as 1837 and lasted until 1863. (wikipedia.org)
Orissa Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik flew to the State's Rayagada and Kalahandi Districts today to review the steps being taken to counter the outbreak of cholera where more than 100 people have lost their lives over the past one month. (medindia.net)
The Ministry of health has confirmed that there is an outbreak of cholera in Mpulungu in Northern Province and as at yesterday a total of 10 cases were recorded. (lusakatimes.com)

Cholera (/ˈkɒlərə/) is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. (wikipedia.org)
Cholera is an intestinal infection caused by Vibrio cholerae (see the images below). (medscape.com)
Cholera is an acute bacterial intestinal infection caused by toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O-group 1 (O1) or O-group 139 (O139). (cdc.gov)
Travelers to areas where cholera is endemic or where an active epidemic is occurring are at risk for cholera infection. (cdc.gov)
Cholera is an acute, diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. (cdc.gov)
Others develop more-serious signs and symptoms of cholera, usually within a few days of infection. (mayoclinic.org)
A bacterium called Vibrio cholerae causes cholera infection. (mayoclinic.org)
Contaminated water supplies are the main source of cholera infection. (mayoclinic.org)
Raw, unpeeled fruits and vegetables are a frequent source of cholera infection in areas where there's cholera. (mayoclinic.org)
Cholera is an acute gastrointestinal infection caused by Vibrio cholerae bacteria. (iamat.org)
Cholera is a severe infection in the small intestine that is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. (webmd.com)
Cholera is a bacterial infection of the small intestine that causes a large amount of watery diarrhea. (medlineplus.gov)
People develop the infection from eating or drinking food or water that contains the cholera germ. (medlineplus.gov)
A bacterial infection, cholera causes severe diarrhoea and vomiting and dangerous dehydration. (wsws.org)
In settings like Zimbabwe's Cholera Treatment Centers, hand sanitizer is vital for health care workers and their patients to reduce the risk of infection. (americares.org)
Cholera is an infection of the small intestine caused by ingesting food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae , which can be deadly. (queensu.ca)
Avian cholera (Pasteurella multocida infection) was responsible for a localized die-off of cedar waxwings (Bombycilla cedrorum) at Steubenville, Ohio in late June, 1968. (usgs.gov)
Cholera is an infection of the small intestine and is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. (medindia.net)
Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal infection caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. (who.int)
NIAID supports university-based and pharmaceutical and biotechnology researchers who are working to develop new cholera treatments and vaccines to prevent infection. (nih.gov)
The conclusion drawn was that vaccination reduced the amount of cholera in the environment, and therefore, the risk of infection to everyone in the community. (nih.gov)
People are treated for suspected cholera infection at a hospital in Sanaa, Yemen, Monday, May. (alarabiya.net)
Cholera is an acute infection of the small bowel by the gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae , which secretes a toxin that causes copious watery diarrhea, leading to dehydration, oliguria, and circulatory collapse. (msdmanuals.com)
Cholera is spread by ingestion of water, shellfish, or other foods contaminated by the excrement of people with symptomatic or asymptomatic infection. (msdmanuals.com)
Household contacts of patients with cholera are at high risk of infection, which probably occurs through shared sources of contaminated food and water. (msdmanuals.com)
The association between undernutrition and the risk of colonization and disease with Vibrio cholerae O1 , concentrations of salivary IgA and the serologic response to infection and to orally administered cholera B subunit were examined prospectively in a family study in Bangladesh . (bvsalud.org)

Prevention of cholera is dependent on access to safe water, adequate sanitation, and basic hygiene needs. (cdc.gov)
Prevention methods against cholera include improved sanitation and access to clean water. (wikipedia.org)
In the United States and other developed countries, because of advanced water and sanitation systems, cholera is not a major threat. (medscape.com)
When in countries affected by cholera, travelers who consistently observe recommendations regarding safe drinking water, food preparation and consumption, handwashing, and sanitation have virtually no risk of acquiring the disease. (cdc.gov)
The risk of a cholera epidemic is highest when poverty, war or natural disasters force people to live in crowded conditions without adequate sanitation. (mayoclinic.org)
In the long-term, access to clean water and sanitation is a key factor in the fight against cholera. (redcross.org)
So with a Red Cross water and sanitation team by its side, H.O.P.E has been able to make improvements to sanitation infrastructure in Borgne-constructing latrines, along with treating cholera patients and delivering life-saving messages about healthy sanitation practices. (redcross.org)
Cholera is perhaps the most widespread and serious water-related disease, directly associated with the failure to provide safe drinking water and adequate sanitation. (scienceblogs.com)
Famine-hit Somalia faces a cholera epidemic as dirty water and poor sanitation are leading to an increase in outbreaks of the disease, World Health Organisation officials warned on Friday. (telegraph.co.uk)
So lack of recovery on water and sanitation infrastructure destroyed during that time have created good conditions for cholera to thrive. (globalissues.org)
Save Kumwenda, an environmental health expert, says alongside the water, sanitation and hygiene issues, there is also evidence of temperature and precipitation being influential in cholera outbreaks - with temperature driving epidemics and rainfall acting as a dispersal mechanism. (globalissues.org)
With few medical resources and dismal sanitation, there is almost no protection against cholera, which is spread by unsanitary water. (americares.org)
Cholera outbreaks are a result of inadequate water supplies, sanitation, food safety and hygiene practices," Tchibindat says. (ipsnews.net)
In 2016, after the UN acknowledged its part in spreading cholera in Haiti, it promised financial assistance for improved water and sanitation infrastructure and assistance for families affected by cholera. (queensu.ca)
In 2016, when the UN finally acknowledged their role in the cholera epidemic, the organization promised $200 million towards cholera elimination and improved water and sanitation infrastructure, in addition to $200 million towards material assistance for cholera-affected families. (queensu.ca)
Effective and proven prevention and control measure for cholera are dependent on provision of adequate environmental health services, such as safe drinking-water, improved access to safe sanitation and health hygiene measure. (who.int)
The availability of oral cholera vaccines is offering hope for cholera prevention and control, particularly in situations where other conventional public health measures, such as improving the access to safe water and sanitation, cannot be scaled up rapidly due to conflict or other environmental factors. (who.int)
If used on a broader scale, the vaccines could reduce global cholera rates, especially if antimicrobial and oral rehydration therapies are also available, and sanitation programs are supported by community education. (nih.gov)
Rural districts, where sanitation is poor and health services are poorer, have a higher risk of facing cholera outbreaks, but those living in cities are not immune either, as urban areas become more crowded and residents face rising competition for safe drinking water. (ibtimes.com)
When people are outside their homes, water and sanitation systems are disrupted," Tarik Jasarevic, a spokesman for the World Health Organization (WHO), said, pointing out that cholera is spread through contaminated water. (ibtimes.com)
Cholera is often predictable, preventable and can ultimately be eliminated where access to clean water and sanitation facilities, and satisfactory hygiene conditions are ensured and sustained for the whole population. (who.int)

Cholera, which causes diarrhoea and vomiting, is contracted from a bacterium that is generally transmitted through contaminated food or water. (zawya.com)
Cases of acute diarrhoea - an important indicator of the risk of cholera - are now at 4,272 in Somalia - an 11 per cent rise on last week's WHO reported figure of 3,839. (telegraph.co.uk)
Cholera, which brings on diarrhoea that can fast lead to severe dehydration and death, is preventable and treatable under normal circumstances. (aljazeera.com)
A massive health awareness drive was launched in Guwahati after laboratory tests on patients suffering from diarrhoea found strains of cholera. (medindia.net)
It is nearly impossible to accurately determine whether the suspected cases are cholera or simple diarrhoea," a statement by the spokesperson for the coalition said. (menafn.com)
The B subunit portion of cholera toxin (CTB) is a safe and effective oral immunizing agent in humans, affording protection against both cholera and diarrhoea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli producing heat-labile toxin (LT) (Clemens et al. (curehunter.com)
Cholera is an extremely virulent disease that can cause severe acute watery diarrhoea with severe dehydration. (who.int)

There is no agreed-upon standard definition for determining if a case of extreme or acute watery diarrhea is "cholera" or a different illness that presents the same way. (scienceblogs.com)
Some major countries, known to have extensive and severe cholera outbreaks, typically report zero instances of cholera because they either fear the stigma associated with the failing to provide adequate water systems or they hide cholera cases by labeling them as something else (such as acute watery diarrhea). (scienceblogs.com)
Other cases were suspected, and aid workers are now responding to all those exhibiting acute watery diarrhea as if it is cholera, Giuliano said. (jpost.com)
In acute fowl cholera, finding a large number of dead birds without previous signs is usually the first indication of disease. (merckvetmanual.com)

Cholera vaccines that are given by mouth provide reasonable protection for about six months, and confer the added benefit of protecting against another type of diarrhea caused by E. coli. (wikipedia.org)
WHO is working with the South Sudan Government and partners to provide vaccines to protect nearly 140,000 people living in temporary camps in South Sudan against cholera…" (2/22). (kff.org)
The deadliest cholera outbreak in Malawi's history has killed at least 1,210 people, while vaccines remain scarce, the World Health Organization said Thursday. (zawya.com)
But the UN health agency pointed out that the crisis in Malawi is occurring against a backdrop of surging cholera outbreaks worldwide, which have 'constrained the availability of vaccines, tests and treatments. (zawya.com)
Vaccines are usually evaluated in field studies by comparing the incidence of disease (in this case, cholera) in a vaccinated population to an unvaccinated placebo control population. (nih.gov)
Killed" or inactivated vaccines are those that contain cholera bacteria that have been made harmless so as not to infect the vaccinated recipient. (nih.gov)
Currently, two of these types of cholera vaccines are available and both are administered orally as opposed to injection. (nih.gov)
The good antitoxin response to B subunit among undernourished children is of particular importance in considering the use of future oral cholera vaccines in areas where such undernutrition is common. (bvsalud.org)

By mid-March 2023, I had participated in 10 community engagement sessions, reaching over 50,000 people with accurate information about cholera. (unv.org)

Many other serogroups of V. cholerae , with or without the cholera toxin gene (including the nontoxigenic strains of the O1 and O139 serogroups), can cause a cholera-like illness. (cdc.gov)
Cholera toxin (CT) has been considered an important protein in several medical research and technology advancements. (mdpi.com)
The cholera toxin is a protein complex secreted by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. (embs.org)
Cholera toxin was discovered rather recently, in 1959, by the Indian microbiologist Sambhu Nath De (Figure 2). (embs.org)
Lastly, but most important, is De's discovery of cholera toxin in 1959 in the cell-free culture filtrate of V. cholerae that stimulates a specific cellular response. (embs.org)
CVD 103-HgR was constructed from the serogroup O1 classical Inaba strain 569B by deleting the catalytic domain sequence of both copies of the ctxA gene, which prevents the synthesis of active cholera toxin ( CT ). (rxlist.com)
The B protomer binds cholera toxin to intestinal epithelial cells, and facilitates the uptake of the A1 fragment. (curehunter.com)
After penetrating the mucus layer, these organisms colonize the epithelial lining of the gut and secrete cholera toxin. (msdmanuals.com)
strains O1 and O139, which do not produce cholera toxin. (msdmanuals.com)

Although efforts were underway to eliminate cholera from Hispaniola, in October 2022, the Pan American Health Organization reported a resurgence of the disease in Haiti. (cdc.gov)
Before 2022, the last confirmed case of cholera in Haiti was in 2019, and in the Dominican Republic in 2018. (cdc.gov)
The southern African nation has been battling its worst cholera outbreak on record, with nearly 37,000 cases reported since March 2022. (zawya.com)
BLANTYRE, Jan 09 (IPS) - On March 3, 2022, Malawi declared a cholera outbreak after a district hospital in the southern region reported a case. (globalissues.org)
This was the first case in the 2021 to 2022 cholera season. (globalissues.org)
What concerns Dr. Bartels is that the UN will be able to declare Haiti cholera-free if there are no new cases of cholera transmission in three years - and the three-year period was reached at end of January 2022. (queensu.ca)

Unax Ugalde in "Love in the Time of Cholera. (fandango.com)
Benjamin Bratt in "Love in the Time of Cholera. (fandango.com)
Giovanna Mezzogiorno as Fermina and Benjamin Bratt as Dr. Juvenal Urbino in "Love in the Time of Cholera. (fandango.com)
John Leguizamo as Lorenzo and Giovanna Mezzogiorno as Fermina in "Love in the Time of Cholera. (fandango.com)
Liev Schreiber as Lotario and Unax Ugalde as young Florentino in "Love in the Time of Cholera. (fandango.com)

Severe cholera is characterized by large amounts of watery diarrhea, often described as "rice-water stool" because it can have a pale, milky appearance. (cdc.gov)

The following materials cover the basics of cholera and other diarrheal disease prevention. (cdc.gov)
The partners also raised awareness about cholera prevention, by promoting things like proper hand-washing. (redcross.org)
Throughout Haiti, Red Cross programs have reached nearly 3.2 million people through cholera prevention and outbreak response services. (redcross.org)
As a health champion under the AWHC initiative, I was tasked with amplifying messages on the pressing need for cholera control and prevention in the country, ultimately contributing to reduction in mortality rates. (unv.org)
My day-to-day tasks include working alongside community health workers and volunteers to empower communities in addressing rumours and promoting the adoption of cholera prevention measures. (unv.org)
List recommendations for prevention strategies for cholera. (cdc.gov)

Only toxigenic strains of serogroups O1 and O139 have caused widespread epidemics and are reportable to the World Health Organization (WHO) as "cholera. (cdc.gov)
Changes in the CTB sequences play an important role in the global epidemics of cholera. (mdpi.com)
Seven cholera epidemics have occurred in the past 200 years ( 1 ). (unboundmedicine.com)

Severe cholera, without treatment, kills about half of affected individuals. (wikipedia.org)
Although the disease may be asymptomatic or mild, severe cholera can cause dehydration and death within hours of onset. (medscape.com)
Malawi is currently facing its most severe cholera outbreak to date. (unv.org)
Yemen is in the grip of a severe cholera epidemic of an unprecedented scale," the UN humanitarian office said in a report published on Wednesday. (alarabiya.net)

If you develop severe diarrhea after visiting an area with active cholera, see your doctor. (mayoclinic.org)

Cholera can be endemic, epidemic, or pandemic. (medscape.com)
Cholera is endemic to ≈50 countries, primarily in South and Southeast Asia and Africa. (cdc.gov)
The full extent of the burden of cholera in the Region is difficult to estimate due to weak surveillance systems in some endemic countries, in addition to underreporting of cases, although it is estimated that the number of cases may be around 188 000 per annum. (who.int)
A second candidate, CVD-103HgR, was licensed in Europe, but is not currently in production or slated for use in cholera-endemic regions. (nih.gov)
In the 1990s, researchers discovered that the bacteria Vibrio cholerae, which causes cholera, was endemic to the country. (ibtimes.com)
Cholera is endemic in portions of Asia, the Middle East, Africa, South and Central America, and the Gulf Coast of the US. (msdmanuals.com)

WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus told reporters Wednesday that there were currently 23 countries in the world experiencing cholera outbreaks, with a further 20 countries that share land borders with them at risk. (zawya.com)

U.S. travelers to areas with epidemic cholera may be exposed to the cholera bacterium. (cdc.gov)
Most people exposed to the cholera bacterium (Vibrio cholerae) don't become ill and don't know they've been infected. (mayoclinic.org)

Cholera is caused by a number of types of Vibrio cholerae, with some types producing more severe disease than others. (wikipedia.org)
Although not the first description, the discovery of the cholera organism is credited to German bacteriologist Robert Koch, who independently identified V cholerae in 1883 during an outbreak in Egypt. (medscape.com)
A new strain of cholera, V cholerae serogroup O139 (Bengal) emerged in the fall of 1992 and caused outbreaks in Bangladesh and India in 1993. (medscape.com)
Although more than 200 serogroups of V cholerae have been identified, V cholerae O1 and V cholerae O139 are the principal ones associated with epidemic cholera. (medscape.com)
Cholera infections are acquired most often from untreated drinking water in which toxigenic V. cholerae naturally occurs or has been introduced from the feces of an infected person. (cdc.gov)
But researchers at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Switzerland, found that cholera (formally called Vibrio cholerae ) have a unique way of doing so. (livescience.com)
Cholera is caused by the bacteria Vibrio cholerae . (medlineplus.gov)
Cholera is a disease spread by drinking water or eating food contaminated with toxigenic Vibrio cholerae bacteria. (cdc.gov)
Children ages 1 to 8 years who were family contacts of patients hospitalized with culture-confirmed cholera were visited within 24 hours of the hospitalization and daily for 10 days, queried for the presence of diarrhea and cultured for V. cholerae O1. (bvsalud.org)

There are no cholera vaccination requirements for entry or exit in any Latin American country or the United States. (cdc.gov)
Note that the World Health Organization announced in 1991 that Cholera vaccination certificates are no longer required for entry by any country or territory. (iamat.org)
Media sources report on the WHO's launch of a cholera vaccination program in South Sudan. (kff.org)
Vaccination is an important way to protect vulnerable populations from cholera. (nih.gov)

Sporadic cases in the United States associated with travel to or from cholera-affected countries in Asia and Africa continue to occur. (cdc.gov)
However, as a result of improved transportation, more persons from the United States travel to parts of Latin America, Africa, or Asia where epidemic cholera is occurring. (cdc.gov)
But cholera still exists in Africa, Southeast Asia and Haiti. (mayoclinic.org)
UNICEF spokeswoman Marixie Mercado said on Friday that tens of thousands of children have died and countless more are particularly at risk of cholera and other diseases because of drought and violence in East Africa. (telegraph.co.uk)
The second cholera pandemic spread from India, surging outward to all of Europe and northern Africa, then crossing the Atlantic to Canada and the United States, spreading to Mexico and the Caribbean. (wikipedia.org)
Sporadic cholera outbreaks have occurred in recent years throughout countries in East Africa, including Kenya. (cdc.gov)
Charities have warned that the cholera outbreak has already spread to neighbouring South Africa. (aljazeera.com)
Health authorities in northern South Africa said the Limpopo River, a major waterway and border with Zimbabwe, had tested positive for cholera this week. (aljazeera.com)
Globally, cholera incidence has increased steadily since the beginning of the millenium with cholera outbreaks persisting in Sub-Saharan Africa. (who.int)
The organization's Southern Africa director Tiseke Kasambala said the conditions that allowed cholera to flourish in 2008 were still persisting in Harare thus placing the lives of many at risk of water-borne diseases. (globaltimes.cn)

One case of cholera had been fully confirmed in Mingora, the main town in the northwest's Swat Valley, UN spokesman Maurizio Giuliano said Saturday. (jpost.com)

Living in or traveling to areas where cholera is present raises the risk of getting it. (medlineplus.gov)

Oral rehydration therapy (ORT), or the administration of an oral solution containing glucose and electrolytes, is currently the predominant treatment for cholera worldwide. (nih.gov)

The primary symptoms of cholera are profuse diarrhea and vomiting of clear fluid. (wikipedia.org)
An untreated person with cholera may produce 10 to 20 litres (3 to 5 US gal) of diarrhea a day. (wikipedia.org)
Cholera can be simply and successfully treated by immediate replacement of the fluid and salts lost through diarrhea. (cdc.gov)
Cholera causes severe diarrhea and dehydration. (mayoclinic.org)
Most cases of cholera that cause symptoms cause mild or moderate diarrhea that's often hard to tell apart from diarrhea caused by other problems. (mayoclinic.org)
Cholera-related diarrhea comes on suddenly and can quickly cause dangerous fluid loss - as much as a quart (about 1 liter) an hour. (mayoclinic.org)
Diarrhea due to cholera often has a pale, milky appearance that resembles water in which rice has been rinsed. (mayoclinic.org)
If you have diarrhea, especially severe diarrhea, and think you might have been exposed to cholera, seek treatment right away. (mayoclinic.org)
AmeriCares also delivered antibiotics and medicines used to treat cholera symptoms such as diarrhea, cramping and severe pain. (americares.org)
his was an independent discovery for studying cholera in a rabbit model demonstrating the association of some strains of E. coli with diarrhea. (embs.org)
Cholera can be subclinical, a mild and uncomplicated episode of diarrhea, or a fulminant, potentially lethal disease. (msdmanuals.com)
Enterotoxins, generated by some bacteria (ie, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholera ) act directly on secretory mechanisms and produce a typical, copious watery (rice water) diarrhea. (medscape.com)

The report said the situation increased the risk of cholera and other communicable diseases. (globalissues.org)
In March, UN agencies had warned that the chronic shortage of drinking water would lead to an outbreak of waterborne diseases such as cholera in the summer months. (wsws.org)
He made significant contributions to the understanding of cholera and related diarrheal diseases. (embs.org)
So far, the WHO, which is monitoring for diseases in cooperation with Nepal's Ministry of Health, has not received any reports of cholera or other intestinal illnesses in Nepal, Jasarevic said. (ibtimes.com)

Vaxchora is approved for use in adults 18 through 64 years of age traveling to cholera-affected areas. (rxlist.com)

In January 1991, epidemic cholera appeared in South America and quickly spread to several countries. (cdc.gov)
The risk for cholera is very low for U.S. travelers visiting areas with epidemic cholera. (cdc.gov)

The plan aligns with the Global Task Force on Cholera Control's country-led strategy to reduce cholera deaths by 90%, and to eliminate cholera in as many as 20 countries by 2030. (who.int)

The bacteria that cause cholera grab genes from other organisms in a particularly predatory way, new research finds. (livescience.com)
PŪR is a powder that when mixed with even the filthiest water, removes pollutants, viruses and bacteria - including bacteria that cause cholera. (americares.org)

When a massive earthquake struck in 2010 and Haiti experienced a cholera outbreak nine months later, Dr. Voltaire and H.O.P.E. faced another seemingly insurmountable challenge. (redcross.org)

Cholera is a potentially fatal intestinal illness that spreads through contaminated water and food. (ibtimes.com)

In the end, the cholera victims may benefit from nothing more than assistance that does not substantially differ from regular development projects: such as construction of irrigation systems and local medical centers. (lu.se)

Most recent cases of cholera in the United States have been traced to seafood from the Gulf of Mexico. (mayoclinic.org)

Cholera is a bacterial disease usually spread through contaminated water. (mayoclinic.org)
Fowl cholera is a contagious, bacterial disease of birds caused by Pasteurella multocida . (merckvetmanual.com)
Fowl cholera is a contagious, bacterial disease that affects domestic and wild birds worldwide. (merckvetmanual.com)

More than half (70/117, ≈60%) of US cases during 2007-2017 were linked to travel to Haiti, the Dominican Republic, or Cuba, the 3 Caribbean countries affected by a large cholera epidemic that began in Haiti in October 2010. (cdc.gov)
In 2018 and 2019, the most recent years for which data are available, no cholera cases in the United States were associated with travel to Haiti or the Dominican Republic, and those 2 countries reported far fewer cholera cases to WHO during these 2 years than in previous years. (cdc.gov)
The partnership-part of $19 million that the Red Cross has spent fighting cholera in Haiti-initially focused on dispatching cholera treatment units and oral rehydration points to help people survive the disease. (redcross.org)
U.N. sources describe intense internal deliberations about what the official response should be to the allegations, which started appearing shortly after the outbreak first appeared in Haiti in October 2010 and accused Nepali members of the U.N. Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) of bringing a cholera strain from Nepal to the impoverished Caribbean country, before, through negligence, contaminating a river near their military camp. (newsweek.com)
A new article in The Lancet Regional Health - Americas , co-authored by Queen's global health researcher Susan Bartels (Emergency Medicine) and Sandra Wisner, senior staff attorney with the Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti, raises awareness of the cholera epidemic in Haiti caused by United Nations peacekeepers. (queensu.ca)
Due to the pandemic, cholera testing decreased in Haiti as health care providers pivoted to focus on COVID-19. (queensu.ca)
This has raised doubts about whether there is truly no cholera transmission in Haiti or whether it is just not being detected with the decreased testing. (queensu.ca)
For Dr. Bartels, this work initially began as research into sexual exploitation and abuse perpetrated by UN peacekeepers in Haiti , and quickly expanded to include a focus on cholera. (queensu.ca)
Dr. Bartels began researching cholera in Haiti in 2017, conducting mixed qualitative and quantitative research. (queensu.ca)
Studies have shown that cholera has had significant socio-economic impacts in Haiti, with a relationship between cholera and household food insecurity. (queensu.ca)
Published Date : Oct 2013 Series : AJTMH and PAHO : Commemorating the 3rd Anniversary of the Cholera Outbreak in Haiti : Invited Papers Source : Am J Trop Med Hyg. (cdc.gov)
She traveled to Haiti to do research for her Master's thesis in International Human Rights Law on the cholera epidemic in that country and the compatibility of the UN's response with international human rights legal standards for reparation. (lu.se)
I decided to write about a topic related to the UN's responsibility in peacekeeping operations, and was intrigued by a statement in July 2014 made by the Secretary-General at the time, Ban Ki-moon, referencing the United Nations' moral responsibility towards the Haitian people with regards to the cholera epidemic that erupted in Haiti in 2010. (lu.se)
In December 2016, the Secretary-General issued a public apology to the Haitian population, spoke of the Organization's "role" in the initial cholera outbreak, and presented a " New Approach to cholera in Haiti " , that intends to intensify general support, and provide targeted support to cholera victims. (lu.se)

In Europe, cholera was a term initially used to describe any kind of gastroenteritis, and was not used for this disease until the early 19th century. (wikipedia.org)
The 19th century English physician John Snow provided the first demonstration that the transmission of cholera was significantly reduced when uncontaminated water was provided to the population. (medscape.com)
Pavel Fedotov 's painting shows a death from cholera in the mid-19th century. (wikipedia.org)

That single case was a warning for what would become Malawi's worst cholera outbreak in decades. (globalissues.org)
Zimbabwe is slowly recovering from Africa's worst cholera outbreak in 15 years. (americares.org)

2020. https://www.unboundmedicine.com/5minute/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/816264/all/Cholera. (unboundmedicine.com)

Cholera continues to affect an estimated 3-5 million people worldwide and causes 28,800-130,000 deaths a year. (wikipedia.org)
A more detailed statistical analysis recently suggested that overall there are around 2.8 million cases of cholera every year (with an uncertainty range of 1.2 to 4.3 million) and about 91,000 deaths (with an uncertainty range of 28,000 to 140,000). (scienceblogs.com)
Stone Town ‒ It was the deaths of his two children from cholera that spurred Ali Hassan Mambo, a resident and community leader of Urowa, a suburb of Zanzibar in the United Republic of Tanzania, to commit to do everything possible to curb the deadly disease. (who.int)
Zanzibar has experienced 17 cholera outbreaks since 1978, recording more than 14 000 cases and over 200 deaths. (who.int)
Early detection, confirmation of cases, and a timely and effective response are critical because cholera outbreaks can spread rapidly, causing many deaths. (cdc.gov)
Cholera broke out in October last year in Lusaka, with 3,444 cases recorded so far and over 70 deaths. (xinhuanet.com)
The current outbreak has already resulted in more than 200 deaths out of the 1,500 cholera cases reported here since June. (ipsnews.net)
In 2010, a cholera outbreak spread to eight of Cameroon's 10 regions, resulting in 657 deaths - 87 percent of which where were from the Far North Region. (ipsnews.net)
Every year there are an estimated 3 to 5 million cholera cases and 100 000 to 120 000 deaths due to cholera. (who.int)
To date, 101,820 suspected cholera cases and 789 deaths have been reported in 19 governorates," WHO spokesman Tarik Jasarevic told Reuters. (alarabiya.net)
Researchers have estimated that every year, there are 1.3 to 4.0 million cases, and 21 000 to 143 000 deaths worldwide due to cholera. (who.int)

Cholera is an extremely virulent disease. (who.int)

But because they shed cholera bacteria in their stool for seven to 14 days, they can still infect others through contaminated water. (mayoclinic.org)

A person may get cholera by drinking water or eating food contaminated with the cholera bacterium. (cdc.gov)

The cholera bacterium may also live in the environment in brackish rivers and coastal waters. (cdc.gov)
Once the membranes are dissolved, the target cell bursts, releasing its DNA, and the cholera bacterium absorbs the freed genetic material. (livescience.com)
Blokesch added that the spearing mechanism might be one more reason the cholera bacterium is so virulent in the human gut . (livescience.com)

Dehydration can develop within hours after cholera symptoms start and range from mild to severe. (mayoclinic.org)
Signs and symptoms of cholera dehydration include irritability, fatigue, sunken eyes, a dry mouth, extreme thirst, dry and shriveled skin that's slow to bounce back when pinched into a fold, little or no urinating, low blood pressure, and an irregular heartbeat. (mayoclinic.org)
Cholera in 3rd trimester of pregnancy is associated with greater dehydration and may lead to stillbirth. (unboundmedicine.com)
The danger of cholera is rapid dehydration, which can lead to death. (webmd.com)

After the 2016 outbreak, between 2017 and 2019, more than 155 health workers were trained to input cholera symptoms into the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response system for quick verification and action. (who.int)

2 Ending cholera: a global roadmap to 2030 (http://www.who.int/cholera/publications/global-roadmap.pdf?ua=1, accessed 21 May 2018). (who.int)
With support from WHO, the government also developed the Zanzibar Comprehensive Cholera Elimination Plan, a multisectoral strategy to sustain the elimination of local transmission of cholera for a 10-year period, from 2018 to 2027. (who.int)

What should travelers do to avoid getting cholera? (cdc.gov)

Health care and response workers in cholera-affected areas (e.g., during an outbreak, after a disaster) also might be at increased risk for cholera. (cdc.gov)
What is the risk for cholera in the United States? (cdc.gov)
Children are at high risk for cholera, and, sadly, it is often most deadly for them. (americares.org)

Shellfish eaten raw have been a source of cholera, and a few persons in the United States have contracted cholera after eating raw or undercooked shellfish from the Gulf of Mexico. (cdc.gov)

WHO said Thursday that 96.8 percent of the population 'residing in communities with high risk and burden of cholera' had been reached. (zawya.com)

Humans can build immunity to some strains of cholera. (livescience.com)

Symptoms of cholera can be mild to severe. (medlineplus.gov)

Meanwhile, Regional Medical Research Laboratory investigation has found 31 out of 40 samples positive for cholera. (medindia.net)

Since returning to his home town of Borgne, Dr. Thony Voltaire has overseen its transformation from a place whose hospital was in ruins to a forerunner in the fight against cholera. (redcross.org)
We celebrate the 200th anniversary of the birth of the epidemiologist John Snow by looking at the historic and modern fight against Cholera. (thenakedscientists.com)
Apart from the donation from the government, the Chinese embassy also donated a further 50,000 Zambian Kwacha (about 5,000 U.S. dollars) towards the fight against cholera, while Chinese enterprises have so far provided over one million Kwacha (about 100,000 U.S. dollars) in cash donation, Yang added. (xinhuanet.com)

Definitive diagnosis is not a prerequisite for the treatment of patients with cholera. (medscape.com)

Cholera bacteria might not cause illness in all people who are exposed to them, but they still pass the bacteria in their stool, which can contaminate food and water supplies. (mayoclinic.org)
From 2010 through 2014, 91 cases of cholera were confirmed in the United States among people who had traveled internationally in the week before illness onset. (cdc.gov)

People who survive an episode of cholera have long-lasting immunity for at least 3 years (the period tested. (wikipedia.org)
CT plays an important role in the induction of protective immunity against cholera. (mdpi.com)

compared to older El Tor strains, this newer variant appears to be more virulent, causing a greater proportion of severe episodes of cholera with the potential for higher death rates. (cdc.gov)

The World Health Organization has reported that in 2011 (the last year for which comprehensive data are available) 58 countries reported 589,854 cases of cholera . (scienceblogs.com)
The number of suspected cholera cases in war-torn Yemen has risen to more than 100,000 since an outbreak began on April 27, the World Health Organization said on Thursday. (alarabiya.net)

Cholera is an ancient disease. (medscape.com)
The Independent has new details on the cholera outbreak in Zimbabwe: One of the country's health officials tells the paper that 3,000 have died of the disease in the last two weeks, not 300 as has been officially reported. (thedailybeast.com)
ISLAMABAD- A case of the deadly, waterborne disease cholera has been confirmed in Pakistan's flood-ravaged northwest, and aid workers expect it is not isolated, the UN said Saturday. (jpost.com)
As part of this campaign, I shared stories of cholera survivors to foster trust within communities, encouraging them to act upon WHO's information, advice and guidance regarding the disease. (unv.org)
Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch (1843-1910), German physician and microbiologist, founder of modern bacteriology, identified the specific causative agents of TB, cholera, and anthrax and gave experimental support for the concept of infectious disease basing such discoveries on animal and human experimentation (Figure 1). (embs.org)
Subspecies multocida is the most common cause of disease, but septica and gallicida may also cause cholera-like disease. (merckvetmanual.com)
Clinical findings from fowl cholera vary greatly depending on the course of disease. (merckvetmanual.com)
Cholera is an infectious disease caused by bacteria that affects human's intestine. (globaltimes.cn)
Aid charity Oxfam called for a "cholera ceasefire" to allow health workers to halt the spread of the disease, adding that the published numbers were probably an underestimate. (alarabiya.net)
Undernutrition, defined in a child as weight less than 70% of the Harvard reference weight-for-age, was not associated with colonization, disease or the duration or severity of cholera. (bvsalud.org)

Most cholera cases in developed countries are a result of transmission by food, while in developing countries it is more often water. (wikipedia.org)
Globally, most cholera cases are caused by O1 El Tor organisms. (cdc.gov)
Still, cases of cholera occur throughout the world. (mayoclinic.org)
Here is one example - reported cases of cholera worldwide. (scienceblogs.com)
First, it is entirely possible that this number is exactly the sum (i.e., it is precise) of the number of cases of cholera reported to WHO by the 58 reporting countries. (scienceblogs.com)
The officially reported estimates of cholera cases are neither precise (despite six significant figures), nor accurate. (scienceblogs.com)
For nearly a year now, cholera has gripped the country, with cases reported in all 29 districts and rising. (globalissues.org)
In an unprecedented occurrence, the cases rose sharply even through the summer months when cholera is least expected and the country least prepared for it. (globalissues.org)
The rainstorm affected 16 districts, including Machinga, where the first cholera case was reported in March, and Nsanje, a flood-prone district and one of the first areas to report cholera cases in this outbreak. (globalissues.org)
After the 1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak he had mapped the cases of cholera in the Soho area in London, and noted a cluster of cases near a water pump in one neighborhood. (wikipedia.org)
To test his theory, he convinced officials to remove the pump handle, and the number of cholera cases in the area immediately declined. (wikipedia.org)
The statement comes in response to the several cases of contagion by cholera, from food served in an activity in a private residence. (dominicantoday.com)
But the Zambian minister expressed optimism that the battle will soon be won as the country has recorded drastic reduction in new cholera cases. (xinhuanet.com)
The protracted droughts in Far North Region have triggered a sharp increase in cholera cases. (ipsnews.net)
Neighbouring Nigeria has reported 24,683 cholera cases since January and the first week of July. (ipsnews.net)
During the last decade, at least 14 out of 22 countries in the Region have reported cholera cases, often in epidemic proportions. (who.int)
MENAFN - Jordan Times) DUBAI - The Saudi-led coalition fighting in Yemen said on Friday an announcement by the International Committee of the Red Cross that cholera cases in the country had reached one million suspected cases was exaggerated. (menafn.com)

The study of cholera in England by John Snow between 1849 and 1854 led to significant advances in the field of epidemiology because of his insights about transmission via contaminated water, and a map of the same was the first recorded incidence of epidemiological tracking. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy5

Organisms8

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs24

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes1

Disciplines and Occupations3

Humanities1

Health Care6

Geographicals5

Vaccine22

Outbreaks of cholera5

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Infection26

Sanitation21

Diarrhoea7

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Love in the5

Watery diarrhea1

Prevention6

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Cholerae9

Vaccination4

Africa10

Case of cholera1

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Electrolytes1

Diarrhea12

Diseases4

Traveling to cholera-affected areas1

Epidemic cholera2

Eliminate cholera1

Bacteria that cause cholera2

Experienced a cholera outbreak1

Intestinal1

Centers1

Recent cases of cholera1

Bacterial3

Haiti14

19th century3

Worst cholera outbreak2

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Deaths11

Extremely virulent disease1

Shed cholera bacteria1

Drinking water or eating food conta1

Bacterium3

Dehydration4

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Source of cholera1

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Strains of cholera1

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Fight against cholera3

Patients with cholera1

Illness2

Immunity2

Virulent1

World Health Organ2

Disease10

Cases17

Incidence1