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Cystic ductCholangitisPancreatitisLaparoscopicAcalculous cholecystitisAbdominal painCholelithiasisCholangiocarcinomaMeconium IleusAppendicitisLaparoscopyUltrasoundRight upper quInflammationCholedocholithiasisSurgeryComplicationsCholesterolPerforationOccursBilirubinDiagnosisCommon bileLiver diseaseLeakageObstructive jaundiceCommonlyDisordersAdultsOutpatientMechanicalStonesComplicationSymptomsPancreaticProcedureDiabetesPatient'sPresenceSecondaryLastsAdultDisease

Cystic duct7

• Biliary colic, also known as symptomatic cholelithiasis, a gallbladder attack or gallstone attack, is when a colic (sudden pain) occurs due to a gallstone temporarily blocking the cystic duct. (wikipedia.org)
• Biliary pain is most frequently caused by obstruction of the common bile duct or the cystic duct by a gallstone. (wikipedia.org)
• Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder that occurs most commonly because of the presence of stones in the gallbladder or an obstruction of the cystic duct by gallstones arising from the gallbladder (cholelithiasis). (medscape.com)
• More than 90% of the time acute cholecystitis is caused from blockage of the cystic duct by a gallstone . (wikizero.com)
• [1] However, when a gallstone temporarily lodges in the cystic duct, they experience biliary colic . (wikizero.com)
• Cholecystitis is the inflammation of the gallbladder (GB) usually caused by the obstruction of the cystic duct (acute cholecystitis). (lecturio.com)
• cystic duct Cystic duct The duct that is connected to the gallbladder and allows the emptying of bile into the common bile duct. (lecturio.com)

Cholangitis10

• citation needed] The presence of gallstones can lead to inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis) or the biliary tree (cholangitis) or acute inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis). (wikipedia.org)
• Management of Post-cholecystectomy Cholangitis. (booksca.ca)
• Acute Cholangitis. (booksca.ca)
• Gall stone disease presents a spectrum of pathology, ranging from asymptomatic gall stones, to acute cholecystitis and ascending cholangitis. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
• Surgical treatment choices are based on the patient's clinical condition: less radical surgical procedures such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) are done emergently in sick patients with ascending cholangitis or gall stone pancreatitis. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
• See also " Choledocholithiasis ," " Acute cholecystitis ," and " Acute cholangitis . (amboss.com)
• See " Acute management checklist for acute cholangitis . (amboss.com)
• patients having choledocholithiasis, cholangitis, biliary fistula and surgical jaundice. (hvt-journal.com)
• ERCP/cholecystectomy), or previous cholangitis . (teachmesurgery.com)
• Patients with cholangitis may present with sepsis , so should be managed promptly, appropriately and often in a higher level of care. (teachmesurgery.com)

Pancreatitis8

• gallstone disease is the major cause of pancreatitis. (wikipedia.org)
• Acute Pancreatitis. (booksca.ca)
• They may have epigastric and/or RUQ tenderness, or diffuse abdominal tenderness (more likely to be gall stone pancreatitis). (learnsurgeryonline.com)
• [1] Complications of acute cholecystitis include gallstone pancreatitis , common bile duct stones , or inflammation of the common bile duct . (wikizero.com)
• Acute pancreatitis occurs suddenly and lasts for a short period of time and usually resolves. (drmichaelsoo.com.au)
• Acute pancreatitis is usually caused by drinking too much alcohol or by gallstones. (drmichaelsoo.com.au)
• A gallstone can block the pancreatic duct, trapping digestive enzymes in the pancreas and causing pancreatitis. (drmichaelsoo.com.au)
• Gallstone pancreatitis. (mtsamples.com)

Laparoscopic10

• Treatment is usually with laparoscopic gallbladder removal , within 24 hours if possible. (wikizero.com)
• Symptomatic cholelithiasis is managed with laparoscopic cholecystectomy . (amboss.com)
• A laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the treatment of choice for gallbladder diseases. (hvt-journal.com)
• The aim of this study is to analyze laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed by a single surgeon over 8 years at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre Pvt. (hvt-journal.com)
• Since the performance of the 1st laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) by Prof. Dr. Med Erich Muhe of Boblengen, Germany in 1985, and later by Phillip Mouret in France, LC has become the standard treatment approach (5-8). (hvt-journal.com)
• Currently almost all cholecystectomies (about 90-93%) in developed countries are performed through laparoscopic surgery (9). (hvt-journal.com)
• Open cholecystectomy (attempted laparoscopic cholecystectomy). (mtsamples.com)
• Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with cholangiogram. (mtsamples.com)
• A total of n=156 patients were divided into a group of n=47 patients (30.1%) receiving laparoscopic (LLR) and n=109 patients (69.9%) undergoing open liver resections (OLR). (fortunejournals.com)
• The initial experience with laparoscopic liver surgery demonstrated that even major resections could be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality, in a selected group of patients and in specialized centers. (fortunejournals.com)

Acalculous cholecystitis3

• Patients with acalculous cholecystitis may present with fever and sepsis alone, without the history of pain. (medscape.com)
• Acalculous cholecystitis occurs in 5-10% of cases of acute cholecystitis and tends to be more severe. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
• Cholecystitis is one of the most common complications of cholelithiasis (calculous cholecystitis) but inflammation without gallstones (acalculous cholecystitis) can occur in a minority of patients. (lecturio.com)

Abdominal pain4

• The most common presenting symptom of acute cholecystitis is upper abdominal pain. (medscape.com)
• CT scanning with intravenous (IV) contrast medium is useful in diagnosing acute cholecystitis in patients with nonspecific abdominal pain. (medscape.com)
• The patient presented to the emergency room last evening with approximately 7- to 8-day history of abdominal pain which has been persistent. (mtsamples.com)
• The patient is a very pleasant 72-year-old female with previous history of hypertension and also recent diagnosis of C. diff, presents to the hospital with abdominal pain, cramping, and persistent diarrhea. (mtsamples.com)

Cholelithiasis2

• Cholelithiasis refers to the presence of abnormal concretions ( gallstones ) in the gallbladder . (amboss.com)
• Inclusion criteria: the consenting patients of all ages and both sexes with symptomatic cholelithiasis planned for LC. (hvt-journal.com)

Cholangiocarcinoma1

• The most common causes are gallstones , ERCP (iatrogenic), and cholangiocarcinoma . (teachmesurgery.com)

Meconium Ileus1

• Meconium Ileus. (booksca.ca)

Appendicitis2

• Acute appendicitis, gangrenous. (mtsamples.com)
• A CAT scan of the abdomen and pelvis was obtained revealing findings consistent with acute appendicitis. (mtsamples.com)

Laparoscopy1

• Video laparoscopy revealed dense omental adhesions surrounding the gallbladder circumferentially. (mtsamples.com)

Ultrasound3

• The gold standard imaging modality for the presence of gallstones is ultrasound of the right upper quadrant. (wikipedia.org)
• Ultrasound of the abdomen showed gallbladder sludge and gallbladder findings consistent with adenomyomatosis. (mtsamples.com)
• Ultrasound imaging may also demonstrate the presence an underlying cause (e.g. gallstones). (teachmesurgery.com)

Right upper qu3

• The acute type usually presents with right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain, fever, and leukocytosis. (lecturio.com)
• Patients are commonly asymptomatic but may present with biliary colic (intermittent pain in the right upper quadrant). (lecturio.com)
• Patient status post gastric bypass surgery, developed nausea and right upper quadrant pain. (mtsamples.com)

Inflammation2

• About 15% of people with biliary colic eventually develop inflammation of the gallbladder if not treated. (wikipedia.org)
• Mechanical irritation by gallstones can also produce chronic GB inflammation. (lecturio.com)

Choledocholithiasis1

• See " Acute management checklist for choledocholithiasis . (amboss.com)

Surgery3

• Treatment for gallbladder attacks is typically surgery to remove the gallbladder. (wikipedia.org)
• Surgery is not indicated in asymptomatic patients, except in some select groups (e.g. sickle cell disease). (learnsurgeryonline.com)
• [4] In people unable to have surgery, gallbladder drainage may be tried. (wikizero.com)

Complications6

• Patients that have gallstones and biliary colic are at increased risk for complications, including cholecystitis. (wikipedia.org)
• Complications from gallstone disease is 0.3% per year and therefore prophylactic cholecystectomy are rarely indicated unless part of a special population that includes porcelain gallbladder, individuals eligible for organ transplant, diabetics and those with sickle cell anemia. (wikipedia.org)
• CT scanning is a secondary imaging test that can identify extrabiliary disorders and complications of acute cholecystitis when US has not yielded a clear diagnosis. (medscape.com)
• 50% of NAFLD patients could develop were specified prior to the literature search with complications as steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, fibrosis, Prospero (CRD42016032764). (egyptianjournal.xyz)
• Analysis was done retrospectively with the emphasis on the outcome including all complications, conversion rate, hospital stay and operation time after elective cholecystectomy. (hvt-journal.com)
• This condition can present as a mild condition or as a severe disease (with complications such as gallbladder gangrene, perforation, empyema) which require emergent intervention. (lecturio.com)

Cholesterol6

• The most common form is cholesterol gallstones. (wikipedia.org)
• White or mixed (pure or mainly cholesterol): 80% of UK gall stones occur when bile is super-saturated with cholesterol. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
• There are many risk factors for the production of cholesterol gall stones, which points to why cholesterol gall stones are so common worldwide. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
• Gallstones most commonly consist of cholesterol but may be pigmented (due to hemolysis or infection) or mixed. (amboss.com)
• Increased estrogen levels cause increased secretion of bile rich in cholesterol , (lithogenic bile ), which can result in the formation of cholesterol gallstones . (amboss.com)
• Most gallstones are cholesterol stones, while the rest are composed of bilirubin (pigment stones) and other mixed components. (lecturio.com)

Perforation1

• Isolated rebound tenderness in the RUQ reflects localised peritoneal irritation secondary to leakage of inflammatory fluid (acute cholecystitis) or gall bladder contents (gall bladder perforation contained locally within the omentum). (learnsurgeryonline.com)

Occurs4

• Gallstone formation occurs from the precipitation of crystals that aggregate to form stones. (wikipedia.org)
• Of those with gallstones, biliary colic occurs in 1 to 4% each year. (wikipedia.org)
• [4] Occasionally, acute cholecystitis occurs as a result of vasculitis or chemotherapy , or during recovery from major trauma or burns . (wikizero.com)
• A positive Kernig's sign, seen in meningitis, occurs when an attempt to flex the hip of a recumbent patient causes painful spasms of the hamstring muscle and resistance to further extension of the leg at the knee. (rnpedia.com)

Bilirubin2

• If the bile duct does become completely or partially obstructed, the patient will also develop pale stools and dark urine (since bilirubin can no longer pass into the gut in the normal way). (learnsurgeryonline.com)
• Routine bloods should be taken, especially FBC ( leucocytosis is found in the vast majority of patients) and LFTs (showing a raised ALP ± GGT with a raised bilirubin ). (teachmesurgery.com)

Diagnosis2

• MRI, often with IV gadolinium-based contrast medium, is also a possible secondary choice for confirming a diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. (medscape.com)
• Diagnosis and Management of Gallbladder Cancer. (booksca.ca)

Common bile1

• The common bile duct is usually less than 6mm in size (it may be greater in the elderly and those who have had previous cholecystectomy), so any diameter larger than this suggests dilatation. (teachmesurgery.com)

Liver disease1

• [1] Risk factors for gallstones include birth control pills , pregnancy , a family history of gallstones, obesity , diabetes , liver disease , or rapid weight loss . (wikizero.com)

Leakage1

• Generalised rigidity and peritonism is rare and reflects leakage of gall bladder contents from a gall bladder rupture into the peritoneal cavity. (learnsurgeryonline.com)

Obstructive jaundice1

• 50 μmol/L). The patient may also complain of pruritus (itching), as a result of bile accumulation, and pale stool with dark urine, from the obstructive jaundice. (teachmesurgery.com)

Commonly1

• Acute episodes of biliary pain may be induced or exacerbated by certain foods, most commonly those high in fat. (wikipedia.org)

Disorders1

• Furthermore, biliary pain may be associated with functional disorders of the biliary tract, so-called acalculous biliary pain (pain without stones), and can even be found in patients post-cholecystectomy (removal of the gallbladder), possibly as a consequence of dysfunction of the biliary tree and the sphincter of Oddi. (wikipedia.org)

Adults3

• In the developed world, 10 to 15% of adults have gallstones. (wikipedia.org)
• About 10-15% of adults in the developed world have gallstones. (wikizero.com)
• About 10-20% of American adults have gallstones . (amboss.com)

Outpatient3

• In cases of mild, uncomplicated acute cholecystitis, outpatient treatment may be appropriate. (medscape.com)
• B Banerjee and I Brett Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Tameside General Hospital, Fountain Street, Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancashire Over a period of several years it has been noticed that in a number of patients undergoing cholecystosonography, as in outpatient procedures, the gallbladder was found to be contracted although otherwise appeared normal. (docksci.com)
• The patient was referred for an outpatient speech and language pathology consult to increase speech and swallowing abilities. (mtsamples.com)

Mechanical1

• Rarely, a gallstone can become impacted in the ileocecal valve that joins the caecum and the ileum, causing gallstone ileus (mechanical ileus). (wikipedia.org)

Stones6

• Gall bladder disease (specifically gall stones) is the most common abdominal complaint causing hospital admission in the developed world. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
• In the UK, 5.5 million people have gall stones and 50 000 cholecystectomies are performed each year. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
• Gall stones are 2-3 times more common in women than in men at post-mortem. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
• Gall stones are found in up to 20% of adult females. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
• Gall stones are precipitates of bile that form in the gall bladder. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
• 7 in 10 patients with gall stones are likely to be asymptomatic. (learnsurgeryonline.com)

Complication1

• It may occur as a complication of burns or multiple trauma, and patients are very ill on presentation. (learnsurgeryonline.com)

Symptoms3

• Most people with gallstones do not have symptoms. (wikizero.com)
• Then when you add the contested issue of the patient telling the Nurse that he had "chills" and wanted to be seen, even Dr. Gabriel agreed "that had I known he was experiencing systemic symptoms (chills), or that he requested to be reexamined before his trip, I certainly would have arranged to re-examine him. (malpracticeexperts.com)
• In a patient with hypokalemia (serum potassium level below 3.5 mEq/L), presenting signs and symptoms include muscle weakness and cardiac arrhythmias. (rnpedia.com)

Pancreatic1

• However, it may also be triggered by only one acute attack, especially if the pancreatic ducts are damaged. (drmichaelsoo.com.au)

Procedure1

• This procedure is contraindicated in a patient with a head injury. (rnpedia.com)

Diabetes1

• Hematemesis in a patient with longstanding diabetes. (mtsamples.com)

Patient's3

• Biliary pain in the absence of gallstones, known as postcholecystectomy syndrome, may severely affect the patient's quality of life, even in the absence of disease progression. (wikipedia.org)
• The patient's past medical history may include gallstones , recent biliary tract instrumentation (i.e. (teachmesurgery.com)
• To help venous blood return in a patient who is in shock, the nurse should elevate the patient's legs no more than 45 degrees. (rnpedia.com)

Presence1

• However, the presence of gallstones is a frequent incidental finding and does not always necessitate treatment, in the absence of identifiable disease. (wikipedia.org)

Secondary1

• There may be a reduction in bowel sounds and distension due to a secondary ileus. (learnsurgeryonline.com)

Lasts1

• [1] The pain lasts longer in cholecystitis than in a typical gallbladder attack. (wikizero.com)

Adult1

• About 10-20% of adult population are diagnosed with gallstones (3). (hvt-journal.com)

Disease2

• The patient may be flushed, jaundiced, dehydrated, tachycardic and hypotensive, all depending on the stage of gall stone disease continuum. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
• The aim of this study is to analyze 7557 cases of LC and observe the changes of outcomes of LC for gallbladder (GB) disease over 8.9 years in our institution. (hvt-journal.com)