AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
HIV SeropositivityHIV InfectionsHIV SeroprevalenceAnti-HIV AgentsAntiretroviral Therapy, Highly ActiveAnti-Retroviral AgentsSubstance Abuse, IntravenousHIV-1Risk FactorsSexual BehaviorDrug Resistance, ViralCD4 Lymphocyte CountSeroepidemiologic StudiesViral LoadReverse Transcriptase InhibitorsHIV Protease InhibitorsBenzoxazinesZidovudineAcquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeDrug Resistance, Multiple, ViralNevirapineInfectious Disease Transmission, VerticalHIVHIV Reverse TranscriptaseRitonavirIndinavirLopinavirPregnancy Complications, InfectiousStavudineOrganophosphonatesHIV ProteaseHIV Fusion InhibitorsRNA, ViralLamivudineNelfinavirDrug Therapy, CombinationSouth AfricaPyrimidinonesUgandaAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsAdeninePrevalenceCohort StudiesMedication AdherenceIntegrase InhibitorsCross-Sectional StudiesDidanosineHIV SeronegativityHIV-Associated Lipodystrophy SyndromeTreatment FailureSaquinavirPregnancyZimbabweAntibodies, ViralTreatment OutcomeProspective StudiesViremiaPatient ComplianceChild WelfareAfrica South of the SaharaGenotypeHIV Integrase InhibitorsVirus ReplicationAntibodies, BacterialRetrospective StudiesCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesDideoxynucleosidesMalawipol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency VirusBrazilImmunoglobulin GDisabled ChildrenHIV Wasting SyndromeTime FactorsChlamydophila pneumoniaeDrug MonitoringChild BehaviorInfant, NewbornDeveloping CountriesMutationChlamydophila InfectionsSerologic TestsEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayOxazinesIncidenceDrug InteractionsLongitudinal StudiesCyclohexanesFollow-Up StudiesDrug Administration ScheduleAge FactorsRural PopulationLogistic ModelsGenes, polUnited StatesAntiviral AgentsDrugs, GenericCommission on Professional and Hospital ActivitiesCase-Control StudiesLipodystrophy
InfectionTherapyAdherenceAIDSPrevalenceLiving with HIV are unawareCohortInfectionsVirologic failureHumansMother-to-child HIV transmissionViralNewbornMedicationsRisk of HIV transmissionIncidencePopulationsStatistically significantReceptive anal intercourseHepatitisPreventionTreatmentAdultsEpidemiologyAntibodiesDiagnosesInfantsPatientsCombinationDisproportionatelyInjectionCONCLUSIONOutcomesAdolescentAnalSystematic reviewMETHODSAntibodySubtypesMortalityPeopleNevirapineHumanClinicalQualitativeVaccineDisease 2019SexuallyPregnancyStudyIndiaDisparities
Infection42
  • HIV in pregnancy is the presence of an HIV/AIDS infection in a woman while she is pregnant. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is exemplified by data from The Centers for Disease Control (CDC): In the United States and Puerto Rico between the years of 2014-2017, where prenatal care is generally accessible, there were 10,257 infants in the United States and Puerto Rico who were exposed to a maternal HIV infection in utero who did not become infected and 244 exposed infants who did become infected. (wikipedia.org)
  • The risks of both neonatal HIV infection and maternal illness are reduced by appropriate prenatal screening, treatment of the HIV infection with antiretroviral therapy (ART), and adherence to recommendations after birth. (wikipedia.org)
  • HIV infection is not a contraindication to pregnancy. (wikipedia.org)
  • HIV infections in adults typically follow a 3-stage course, as described below: Early, acute stage The early stage of an HIV infection involves rapid viral replication and infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Middle, chronic/latent stage The middle stage of an HIV infection can last for 7-10 years in a patient who is not being treated with ART therapy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ocular manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are common. (medscape.com)
  • The predictive value of the CD4 + T-cell count for ocular complications in HIV infection has been called into question by reports of CMV retinitis in patients with CD4 + cell counts higher than 200 cells/mL. (medscape.com)
  • Despite these uncertainties, the CD4 + cell count has remained the predicting parameter for the occurrence of specific ocular infection in patients who are HIV positive, at least until antigen-specific tests of T-lymphocyte function become widely available. (medscape.com)
  • For other discussions of HIV infection, see HIV Disease , Pediatric HIV Infection , and Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV Infection . (medscape.com)
  • Effective antiretroviral therapy is the most important intervention in terms of improving longevity and preventing opportunistic infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. (medscape.com)
  • For more information, see Pediatric HIV Infection . (medscape.com)
  • Higher rates of infection with HIV are exhibited among injection drug users mainly because of unsafe injecting behavior. (benthamscience.com)
  • 3 In the United States, men who have sex with men (MSM) and persons with HIV infection are at increased risk for HHV-8 infection. (hiv.gov)
  • Among MSM without HIV infection, the seroprevalence ranges from 13% to 20% and HHV-8 seroprevalence increases to 30% to 35% among MSM with HIV infection. (hiv.gov)
  • 15-18 A more marked reduction in KS incidence occurred beginning in 1996, shortly after the introduction of protease inhibitor-containing ART in the U.S. Despite these declines, KS is among the most common cancers among the AIDS population in the U.S., 19 and HIV infection increases the risk of KS several thousand fold even in the ART era. (hiv.gov)
  • Recent reports of KS occurring at higher CD4 cell counts in the United States 26,27 suggest that clinicians caring for patients with HIV should be vigilant for the clinical manifestations of KS in patients at risk of HHV-8 infection, regardless of CD4 cell count. (hiv.gov)
  • 28 Immunocompetent children and organ transplant recipients infected with HHV-8 may develop a primary infection syndrome consisting of fever, rash, lymphadenopathy, bone marrow failure, and occasional rapid progression to KS. (hiv.gov)
  • Multisite mpox infection and viral dynamics among persons with HIV in metro-Atlanta. (amedeo.com)
  • Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy preserves the metabolic function of CD4+ T-cells in subtype C HIV-1 infection. (amedeo.com)
  • Indeed, the immunodeficiency resulting from HIV-1 infection automatically sensitizes this population to persistent infection by HPV and may facilitate tumor escape from immune surveillance. (fredhutch.org)
  • In Africa, where most of HIV-1 infected children reside, a whole generation of infected children is reaching sexual maturity thanks to HAART, and thus will be highly exposed to HPV-infection and related diseases. (fredhutch.org)
  • These children would likely benefit from the HPV vaccine if the vaccine strategy was efficient despite HIV-1 infection. (fredhutch.org)
  • The authors also sought to assess the effect of HIV-1 infection stage on vaccine efficacy. (fredhutch.org)
  • Any confirmed or suspected immunosuppressive or immunodeficient condition resulting from disease (e.g., invasive, or malignant cancers), other than HIV infection in the HIV Cohort. (who.int)
  • 1% prevalence of HIV infection in ante-natal women but above 5% prevalence in high-risk group. (ijstd.org)
  • Prevention of new infection in vulnerable population like women and children is one of the prime goals of National AIDS Control Program III. (ijstd.org)
  • Tamil Nadu comes under group I high-prevalence state, as the prevalence of HIV infection in ante-natal mothers is below 1% but above 5% in high-risk group (HRG). (ijstd.org)
  • Cryptosporidium infection was avail- pathogenic protozoan parasite with a fragment length polymorphism analy- able for one patient, the child infected worldwide distribution, causes diar- sis of the small subunit rRNA gene with C. felis , who had contact with rheal illness in humans and animals. (cdc.gov)
  • Demographic, clinical, and persons, one was an intravenous drug chronic diarrhea, dehydration, and immunologic data were obtained from user, and one acquired HIV infection cachexia. (cdc.gov)
  • herpes simplex virus seroprevalence and seroconversion among active duty us air force members with hiv infection. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection is associated with an increased risk of both hiv transmission and acquisition. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • we evaluated longitudinal hsv serology and sexually transmitted infections (stis) among active duty us air force (usaf) members with hiv infection. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • In this study, we investigate within-racial group patterns of HIV/STI infection between Black MSM and Black men who only have sex with women (MSW). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Logistic regression models were constructed to assess whether or not history of STIs were associated with current HIV infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Men with a history of syphilis (OR = 6.48, 95% CI: 2.68,15.71), genital warts (OR = 4.32, 95% CI: 1.79,10.43) or genital ulcers (OR = 21.3, 95% CI: 1.89,239.51) had an increased odds of HIV infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The associations between STIs and current HIV infection highlight the need for integrated of HIV/STI screening and treatment programs for Black men. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Over the past several decades, effective ways to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), as well as improved medical management for people living with HIV (PLHIV), have become widely available in high-income countries. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study indicated that the SIF attracted IDUs who have been shown to be at elevated risk of blood-borne disease infection and overdose, and IDUs who were contributing to the public drug use problem and unsafe syringe disposal problems stemming from public injection drug use. (researchgate.net)
  • In several countries though, epidemic-type clustering of specific subtypes suggests established or nascent HIV epidemics among classic core risk groups for HIV infection. (cyberleninka.org)
  • METHODS: Within 6 cohorts of PWH and PWoH in the United States, we compared the 90-day risk of any hospitalization, COVID-19 hospitalization, and mechanical ventilation or death by HIV status and by prior exposure to tenofovir, among those with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection between 1 March and 30 November 2020. (bvsalud.org)
  • Adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) were estimated by targeted maximum likelihood estimation, with adjustment for demographics, cohort, smoking, body mass index, Charlson comorbidity index, calendar period of first infection, and CD4 cell counts and HIV RNA levels (in PWH only). (bvsalud.org)
Therapy13
  • These patients reportedly were taking highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). (medscape.com)
  • The incidence of herpes zoster, unlike that of many of the other opportunistic infections seen in HIV disease, has apparently not decreased with the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). (medscape.com)
  • Therapy should involve combinations of drugs recommended by guidelines. (medscape.com)
  • Combination therapy has been shown to dramatically reduce the likelihood of drug resistance (many drug-resistant mutations are mutually exclusive) and to suppress viral replication to the point that progression to AIDS is significantly slowed. (medscape.com)
  • The overall prevalence of KS in the U.S. was as high as 30% among patients with AIDS prior to the advent of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). (hiv.gov)
  • The development and spread of Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) reduces the risk for HPV-associated malignancies, but the incidence is still greater in HIV-1 infected populations. (fredhutch.org)
  • 2. Have been on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for at least 3 consecutive months at screening and agree to remain on ART throughout the trial. (who.int)
  • During the study period, it was found that 61% of the mothers were not compliant to antiretroviral therapy (ART). (ijstd.org)
  • HIV virological non-suppression is highly prevalent among 18- to 24-year-old youths on antiretroviral therapy at the Kenyan coast. (ox.ac.uk)
  • BackgroundIn sub-Saharan Africa, data on virologic outcomes of young people living with HIV (YLWH) enrolled on antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains scarce. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Background & objectives: The benefits of long-term adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) are countered by interruptions in care or disengagement from care. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Over the last 20 years, the so-called post-highly active antiretroviral therapy (post-HAART) era, we assisted to an increase in the mean age of People Living With HIV (PLWH) and comorbidities related to ageing, immune suppression and persistent inflammation [ 1 - 65 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Predictive Value of Serum Biomarkers for Response of Limited-Stage AIDS-Associated Kaposi Sarcoma to Antiretroviral Therapy With or Without Concomitant Chemotherapy in Resource-Limited Settings. (ucdenver.edu)
Adherence2
  • Many factors contribute to this high prevalence: from low levels testing and linkage to care and prevention, to poor retention in care and adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) in this population. (bvsalud.org)
  • The latter will help understand whether drug resistance also contributes to poor viral suppression in addition to, or exclusive of suboptimal ART adherence. (ox.ac.uk)
AIDS24
  • According to the 2009 report from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint United Nations Program on Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) (UNAIDS), 2.6 million individuals are newly infected by HIV every year, 33 million patients live with HIV (PLHIV), and there are 1.8 million cases of AIDSmortality annually worldwide. (openaidsjournal.com)
  • This topic is important because the risk of viral transmission can be significantly reduced with appropriate medical intervention, and without treatment HIV/AIDS can cause significant illness and death in both the mother and child. (wikipedia.org)
  • The burden of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, including mother-to-child transmission of HIV, disproportionately affects low- and middle-income countries, in particular the countries of Southern Africa. (wikipedia.org)
  • Late, advanced/immunodeficient stage AIDS is caused by the progressive destruction of CD4 T-helper cells of the immune system by the HIV virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • These types of infections cause significant illness and death in patients with HIV/AIDS. (wikipedia.org)
  • For patient education information, see the Immune System Center and Sexually Transmitted Diseases Center , as well as HIV/AIDS . (medscape.com)
  • Thirty years after the first description of AIDS, an estimated 35.0 million [33.2 million-37.2 million] people were living with HIV at the end of 2013. (benthamscience.com)
  • On the occasion of the day of the fight against AIDS on December 1, 2017, VL radio, France's leading youth media and the Terpan laboratory went to meet 539 young French people aged 15 to 29, throughout France. (terpan.fr)
  • At this time, it is important to remember that it is impossible to completely eradicate HIV or even cure AIDS. (terpan.fr)
  • Our objective was to describe the symbolic representations that emerged during the group activity, assigned to patients with HIV/AIDS. (bvsalud.org)
  • Nosso objetivo foi descrever as representações simbólicas emergentes durante a atividade em grupo, atribuídas a pacientes portadores de HIV/AIDS. (bvsalud.org)
  • The majority of research on HIV/AIDS and mental health has been carried out among clinical populations: the time of onset of comorbid depression and the mechanisms for this are therefore unclear. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although there is evidence to suggest that asymptomatic people living with HIV/AIDS exhibit some cognitive deficits, the prevalence of poor cognitive functioning among people in low income settings at an early, pre-clinical stage has not yet been investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We used a cross-sectional survey design to test the hypotheses that symptoms of Common Mental Disorder (CMD) and low scores on cognitive tests would be associated with seropositivity among participants coming for testing for HIV/AIDS. (biomedcentral.com)
  • If replicated, this may have implications for the way in which we measure and treat CMD and cognitive functioning among people living with HIV/AIDS. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One of the ways to control HIV/AIDS in India is through prevention of parent to child transmission (PPTCT), the success of which lies in the utilization of services. (ijstd.org)
  • A comprehensive PPTCT initiative that emphasizes treatment for HIV-positive women and their children was launched in 2004 by the National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) using funds from the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria. (ijstd.org)
  • 4] Tamil Nadu State AIDS Control Society (TANSACS) was established in 1993 to control and prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS. (ijstd.org)
  • This guideline on screening for anal cancer and dysplasia in individuals with HIV was developed by the Medical Care Criteria Committee (MCCC) of the New York State (NYS) Department of Health (DOH) AIDS Institute (AI) Clinical Guidelines Program. (hivguidelines.org)
  • Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). (ucdenver.edu)
  • In resolution WHA53.14 the Health Assembly requested the Director-General to develop a global health-sector strategy for responding to the epidemics of HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections. (who.int)
  • In 2003, the Health Assembly adopted resolution WHA56.30, taking note of the global health-sector strategy for HIV/AIDS,1 and the next year, in resolution WHA57.12, endorsed the strategy to accelerate progress towards the attainment of international development goals and targets related to reproductive health. (who.int)
  • The final draft has taken into account the comments received and complements the global health-sector strategy for HIV/AIDS. (who.int)
  • METHODS: From September 2020 to March 2021, the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) research consortium surveyed 238 HIV care sites across seven geographic regions to document constraints in HIV service delivery during the first year of the pandemic and strategies for ensuring care continuity for PWH. (bvsalud.org)
Prevalence8
  • The highest prevalence of HIV was found in patients aged 30-39 years old (44.3%), of which 59% (249/422) were unemployed. (openaidsjournal.com)
  • C. parvum , 9 (41%) showed low remaining 9 patients had no HIV- have an 8% prevalence rate of cryp- oocyst loads (+), 3 (14%) showed exposure history information. (cdc.gov)
  • In this study, we describe the prevalence of HIV virological non-suppression (VNS) and its associated factors among YLWH aged 18-24 years from the Kenyan coast.MethodsData were analyzed for 384 YLWH who participated in a larger cross-sectional study conducted between November 2018 and September 2019 in two counties at the Kenyan coast (Kilifi and Mombasa). (ox.ac.uk)
  • however, little is known regarding the prevalence of HIV/STI co-infections among Black men in Toronto. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chi-Square tests were used to compare the prevalence of (1) HIV and current STIs between MSM and MSW and (2) current STIs between people living with HIV and people not living with HIV. (biomedcentral.com)
  • the prevalence of syphilis and high-risk HPV were also increased in men living with HIV. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The HIV/STI prevalence was high among this sample of Black men, although the study design may have led to oversampling of men living with HIV. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Emerging data demonstrating the high prevalence of TV in the general population and interactions between TV and HIV suggest that additional research efforts should be directed at determining the possible benefits of enhanced screening for this important pathogen. (paperzz.com)
Living with HIV are unaware1
  • Notably, 20-34% of women in the United States living with HIV are unaware of their diagnosis until they become pregnant and undergo prenatal screening. (wikipedia.org)
Cohort5
  • The aim of this transversal and descriptive study was to analyze the socio-demographic and behavioral factors associated with a desire to have children in a cohort of PLHIV. (openaidsjournal.com)
  • Associations between HIV and Severe Mpox in an Atlanta Cohort. (amedeo.com)
  • HIV-negative test result at screening (IGRA-Positive Cohort and IGRA-Negative Cohort only). (who.int)
  • Methods This was a cross-sectional analysis of the frequency of Medically Supervised Injecting Room use during the first 18 months after opening (July 2018-December 2019) among 658 people who inject drugs participating in the Melbourne Injecting Drug User Cohort Study (SuperMIX). (researchgate.net)
  • Impact of point-of-care HIV viral load and targeted drug resistance mutation testing on viral suppression among Kenyan pregnant and postpartum women: results from a prospective cohort study (Opt4Mamas). (ucdenver.edu)
Infections20
  • People with such advanced HIV infections are also at greater risk for developing neurological symptoms (for example dementia and neuropathy), and certain cancers (for example Non-Hodgkin's B-Cell Lymphoma, Kaposi's Sarcoma, and HPV-associated cancers including anal, cervical, oral, pharyngeal, penile and vulvar cancer). (wikipedia.org)
  • In general, the CD4 + T-lymphocyte count has been used to predict the onset of certain ocular infections in patients who are HIV positive. (medscape.com)
  • In addition to HIV, Sexually Transmitted Infections, STIs (chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, hepatitis B and C…) are on the rise among young people. (terpan.fr)
  • In particular, American researchers found in 2015 that mobile dating apps promote the development of HIV and STIs in Rhode Island (syphilis and urinary tract infections). (terpan.fr)
  • Prior sexually transmitted infections and HIV in mpox patients, Chicago, Illinois-(June 2022-March 2023. (amedeo.com)
  • Several HPV vaccines have been developed and approved by the Food and Drug Administration and provide an efficient protection against new HPV infections. (fredhutch.org)
  • 2] Majority of the HIV infections among children are the result of parent-to-child transmission, and this can be prevented through an effective package of prevention of parent to child transmission (PPTCT) services integrated with the existing reproductive and child health services. (ijstd.org)
  • 3] Based on the estimated HIV infections among adult females and assumptions on the effect of HIV on fertility and mother-to-child transmission rates, it is estimated that around 38,000 HIV-positive pregnant women needed PPTCT services in 2011. (ijstd.org)
  • food insecurity is associated with hiv, sexually transmitted infections and drug use among men in the united states. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Young children and young adults have a predilection for symptomatic infections, with severity ranging from mild to fulminant life-threatening complications. (medlink.com)
  • Because of the development of resistance, tetracyclines are rarely used for the treatment of infections caused by common gram-negative or gram-positive bacteria unless other appropriate anti-infectives are contraindicated or are ineffective and in vitro susceptibility tests indicate that the causative organisms are susceptible to the drugs. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
  • Tetracyclines are used for the treatment of rickettsial infections and are considered drugs of choice for Rocky Mountain spotted fever, epidemic (louse-borne) typhus, Brill-Zinsser disease, endemic (murine) typhus, scrub typhus, Q fever, and rickettsialpox. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
  • HIV Infections" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (ucdenver.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "HIV Infections" by people in this website by year, and whether "HIV Infections" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (ucdenver.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "HIV Infections" by people in Profiles. (ucdenver.edu)
  • Effective alternatives to the 5- nitroimidazole drugs are needed for patients with drug allergy and nitroimidazole resistant TV infections. (paperzz.com)
  • In unborn and newborn children chlamydial infections, gonorrhoea and syphilis can produce serious and often life-threatening conditions including congenital disease, pneumonia and low birth weight. (who.int)
  • First, their control reduces the enormous burden of morbidity and mortality due to sexually transmitted infections in both resource-constrained and developed countries, both directly, through its impact on quality of life, sexual and reproductive health and child health, and indirectly, through its impact on national and individual economies. (who.int)
  • other sexually transmitted infections enhance the sexual transmission of HIV: genital herpes specifically, and genital ulcers in general, increase the transmission of HIV 50-300-fold per episode of unprotected sexual intercourse. (who.int)
  • Human and novel coronavirus infections in children: a review. (jamanetwork.com)
Virologic failure2
  • Given the high frequency of VNS, there is need to closely monitor viral load and profile HIV drug resistance patterns in youths from the Kenyan coast with confirmed virologic failure. (ox.ac.uk)
  • HIV Drug Resistance Patterns and Characteristics Associated with Clinically Significant Drug Resistance among Children with Virologic Failure on Antiretroviral Treatment in Kenya: Findings from the Opt4Kids Randomized Controlled Trial. (ucdenver.edu)
Humans2
  • HIV has probably originated from multiple zoonotic transmissions of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) from non-human primates to humans in West and Central Africa. (benthamscience.com)
  • Sixteen and C. hominis are the major causes (+) and one (25%) showed moderate patients were intravenous drug users, of cryptosporidiosis in humans, and (++) oocyst loads. (cdc.gov)
Mother-to-child HIV transmission3
  • These first observations in Gabon highlight the importance of the desire to have children in PLHIV and sero-discordant couples, and they show the level of interest in developing assistance methods for procreation and family planning programs to help this population, as well as to reduce the risk of mother-to-child HIV transmission. (openaidsjournal.com)
  • Notably, without antiretroviral medications, obstetrical interventions, and breastfeeding recommendations, there is approximately a 30% risk of mother-to-child HIV transmission. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is thought that mother-to-child HIV transmission most commonly occurs at the time of delivery when the baby comes into direct contact with the mother's infected blood or genital secretions/fluid in the birth canal. (wikipedia.org)
Viral3
  • Plasma viral load is considered as the strongest determinant of sexual transmission of HIV. (benthamscience.com)
  • These biological factors are believed to impact the two key determinants of HIV transmission risk: the HIV viral load in the PLHIV's blood and genital secretions, and the number and density of HIV-susceptible cells in the sex partner (generally within their penile, vaginal, or anal mucosa) who is a person not living with HIV (non-PLHIV) [ 13 , 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many of the more than 30 bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens that are transmissible sexually, including HIV, are transmitted predominantly through sexual intercourse. (who.int)
Newborn2
  • Those who are HIV-positive, are given a single dose of Nevirapine prophylaxis at the time of labour and newborn is also given a single dose of Nevirapine within 72 h of birth. (ijstd.org)
  • Key interests include Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health (MNCAH). (swisstph.ch)
Medications2
  • Safe and potent antiretroviral medications in child-friendly formulations are needed to treat young children living with HIV-1. (nih.gov)
  • Any cytotoxic drugs or administration of medications known to have a major impact on the immune system, as determined by the investigator, within 90 days prior to Day 1. (who.int)
Risk of HIV transmission3
  • There is a risk of HIV transmission from mother to child in three primary situations: pregnancy, childbirth, and while breastfeeding. (wikipedia.org)
  • The risk of HIV transmission varies widely by the type of exposure. (benthamscience.com)
  • Generally, the risk of HIV transmission for receptive anal intercourse, receptive vaginal intercourse and receptive oral intercourse is 0.5%, 0.1% and 0.01% per act, respectively. (benthamscience.com)
Incidence2
  • 20 Notably, KS is a common cancer in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, 21 fueled in part by the HIV pandemic, and incidence has not declined in regions of sub-Saharan Africa where ART coverage is increasing but incomplete. (hiv.gov)
  • Despite their increasing incidence in HIV-positive people, mechanisms that lead to their development and progression are only partially understood. (oncotarget.com)
Populations2
  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infected populations are at particular risk for HPV-related cancers. (fredhutch.org)
  • The presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies (seropositivity) in certain populations provides better understanding of virus circulation and transmission. (ncipd.org)
Statistically significant1
  • After controlling for the effects of confounders, the association between CMD and seropositivity was no longer statistically significant (AOR = 1.56, 0.86-2.85). (biomedcentral.com)
Receptive anal intercourse1
  • Tenofovir Douche as HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for Receptive Anal Intercourse: Safety, Acceptability, Pharmacokinetics, & Pharmacodynamics (DREAM 01). (amedeo.com)
Hepatitis1
  • Hepatitis C treatment in people living with HIV: Potential to eliminate disease and disparity. (amedeo.com)
Prevention8
  • HIV prevention among men who have sex with men: tenofovir alafenamide combination preexposure prophylaxis versus placebo. (amedeo.com)
  • What do adolescents perceive and value as facilitators to disclosure, adopting preventative behaviours (secondary prevention), accessing care, adhering to ART, being retained in care, and successfully transitioning from paediatric and/or adolescent HIV care services to adult HIV care services? (bvsalud.org)
  • In Western Europe and elsewhere, medically supervised safer injection facilities (SIFs) are increasingly being implemented for the prevention of health- and community-related harms among injection drug users (IDUs), although few evaluations have been conducted, and there have been questions regarding SIFs' ability to attract high-risk IDUs. (researchgate.net)
  • Its purpose is to inform clinicians in NYS who provide primary care to individuals with HIV about human papillomavirus (HPV)-related anal disease and assist them in identifying opportunities for prevention, screening, and treatment. (hivguidelines.org)
  • Support the NYSDOH Prevention Agenda 2019-2024 by educating care providers on the importance of HPV vaccination and increasing the rate of 3-dose HPV immunization among individuals with HIV. (hivguidelines.org)
  • HIV prevention efforts in MENA must be prioritized for these high-risk groups. (cyberleninka.org)
  • an early stage of development and has yet to contribute to informed HIV prevention policy and programming. (cyberleninka.org)
  • We examined HIV status and COVID-19 severity, and whether tenofovir, used by PWH for HIV treatment and people without HIV (PWoH) for HIV prevention, was associated with protection. (bvsalud.org)
Treatment6
  • It is true that advances in treatment now make it possible to control the multiplication of the virus within the body, but the combination of antiretroviral drugs must be taken for life. (terpan.fr)
  • A 5 mg dispersible tablet formulation of dolutegravir was studied in children aged 4 weeks to less than 6 years old, weighing at least 3 kg, with HIV RNA of greater than 1000 copies per mL and no previous treatment with integrase strand transfer inhibitor recruited from IMPAACT clinical research sites in Africa, the Americas, and Asia. (nih.gov)
  • For these guidelines, two other reviews were conducted to examine the availability of HIV testing and counselling services for adolescents and services providing HIV care and treatment for ALHIV. (bvsalud.org)
  • PWID using SIFs are also more likely to have a history of drug treatment 11 and less likely to have injected with borrowed syringes/needles. (researchgate.net)
  • Reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with HPV-related anal and perianal disease in individuals with HIV through early identification and treatment of potentially precancerous and cancerous lesions, when treatment is most likely to be effective. (hivguidelines.org)
  • Although doxycycline alone usually is the drug of choice for the treatment of acute Q fever caused by Coxiella burnetii, doxycycline has been used in conjunction with hydroxychloroquine or a fluoroquinolone (e.g., levofloxacin, ofloxacin) for the treatment of Q fever endocarditis. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
Adults5
  • 95% CI, 0.05-0.87) among older children and adults in Asembo. (cdc.gov)
  • Many of the antiretroviral drugs that have been approved for HIV-infected adults and adolescents are gaining FDA approval for use in younger children. (medscape.com)
  • Values were on average higher than reported in adults, but approximately 20% lower than previously reported in children weighing at least 6 kg. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We aimed to select dosing for a dispersible tablet formulation of dolutegravir that achieved pharmacokinetic exposures similar to those in adults, and was safe and well tolerated in young children. (nih.gov)
  • In this study, the proposed once daily dosing of dolutegravir dispersible tablets provided drug exposures similar to those for adults, and was safe and well tolerated. (nih.gov)
Epidemiology1
  • This study is a systematic review of all available evidence on HIV-1 molecular epidemiology and subtype distribution in the Middle East and North Africa. (cyberleninka.org)
Antibodies3
  • SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce greater complement activation and decreased viremia and Nef antibodies in men with HIV-1. (amedeo.com)
  • Most importantly, at 7 months, the seroconversion rate (in this case the proportion of vaccinated patients who developed antibodies against a specific type of the virus) was superior to 93% for all four HPV types targeted by the vaccine, similarly to what was observed for HIV-1 infected US girls, or for HIV-1 negative adolescents from Kenya and Ghana. (fredhutch.org)
  • Seven months after the first dose of vaccine was administered, HPV antibody titer was correlated to CD4 cell count (the fewer CD4 T cells the fewer HPV antibodies in circulation) and inversely correlated to plasma HIV-1 RNA. (fredhutch.org)
Diagnoses2
Infants4
  • Pharmacokinetics of nevirapine in HIV-infected infants weighing 3 kg to less than 6 kg taking paediatric fixed dose combination tablets. (ox.ac.uk)
  • OBJECTIVES: To evaluate pharmacokinetics of nevirapine, lamivudine and stavudine in HIV-infected Zambian infants receiving fixed dose combination (FDC) antiretroviral tablets (Triomune Baby). (ox.ac.uk)
  • CONCLUSION: Exposure to nevirapine in African, HIV-infected infants with low body weight taking FDC tablets appears on average to be adequate, but due to large intersubject variability a relatively high proportion had subtherapeutic nevirapine C12 h levels, particularly those aged less than 5 months. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The PPTCT program involves counseling and testing of pregnant women, detection of HIV-positive pregnant women, and the administration of prophylactic Nevirapine to these women and their infants, to prevent the mother-to-child transmission of HIV. (ijstd.org)
Patients13
  • The desire to procreate in patients living with HIV (PLHIV) has been seldom investigated in Africa, particularly in Gabon. (openaidsjournal.com)
  • Approximately 70-80% of HIV-infected patients will be treated for an HIV-associated eye disorder during the course of their illness. (medscape.com)
  • HZO affects about 5-15% of patients who are infected with HIV. (medscape.com)
  • Kaposi sarcoma is seen commonly in patients who are infected with HIV, where 3 histologic types of tumors have been described based on appearance of the vascular endothelium and the number of spindle cells. (medscape.com)
  • Kaposi sarcoma occurs in about 25% of patients who are HIV positive. (medscape.com)
  • Numerous antiretroviral combination products are available on the market to assist patients with compliance and decrease the daily number of tablets and capsules required (see Table 2, below). (medscape.com)
  • The sample was composed of nine patients living with HIV. (bvsalud.org)
  • In their study, Nelly Mugo and colleagues reported no serious adverse events related to vaccination, which confirmed the absence of toxicity of the vaccination strategy in HIV-1 infected patients after 12 months. (fredhutch.org)
  • In this group of HIV- patients. (cdc.gov)
  • Studies also show a high seropositivity of Epstein-Barr virus among patients with multiple sclerosis. (medlink.com)
  • Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 HCWs in a primary care HIV clinic to explore their perspectives of patients who disengage from ART. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The aim of this review is to identify key data and factors about HPV-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in HIV-seropositive patients. (oncotarget.com)
  • Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 as a Risk Factor and Outcome Modifier for Cryptococcosis in HIV Negative, Non-transplant Patients, a Propensity Score Match Analysis. (ucdenver.edu)
Combination1
  • Antiviral-resistance mutations often affect more than one drug simultaneously because of similar development pipelines and the ultimate molecular structure of the drug, and combination choices should account for this possibility. (medscape.com)
Disproportionately1
  • In Canada, disproportionately high HIV and STI burdens exist among several subpopulations, including African, Caribbean, and Black (Black) communities, men who have sex with men (MSM), injection drug users (IDUs), and indigenous peoples [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Injection3
  • 4-6 Injection drug use may also be a risk factor for HHV-8 seropositivity, 7 although this association has not been consistently observed. (hiv.gov)
  • Do Supervised Injecting Facilities Attract Higher-Risk Injection Drug Users? (researchgate.net)
  • Overall, 400 active injection drug users returned for follow-up between December 1, 2003 and May 1, 2004, among whom 178 (45%) reported ever using the SIF. (researchgate.net)
CONCLUSION1
  • Conclusion: Lifelong engagement with HIV care is influenced by many factors including disclosure, family support, and HCW interactions. (ox.ac.uk)
Outcomes1
  • BACKGROUND: People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PWH) may be at increased risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. (bvsalud.org)
Adolescent2
  • Pre-adolescent (age 9-14) girls and boys, infected with HIV-1, were enrolled in the study. (fredhutch.org)
  • What are adolescent perceptions of and attitudes toward health-care and HIV service delivery? (bvsalud.org)
Anal2
  • Cumulative detection of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions over two-year follow-up in men who have sex with men living with HIV in France. (amedeo.com)
  • Increase the numbers of NYS residents with HIV who are screened and effectively treated for HPV-related anal and perianal dysplasia. (hivguidelines.org)
Systematic review2
  • school-based sexual health education interventions to prevent sti/hiv in sub-saharan africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • This systematic review was conducted to look specifically at published literature on research conducted directly with ALHIV aimed at gaining their experiences with, perceptions of, and/or desires to access various types of HIV services. (bvsalud.org)
METHODS3
  • METHODS: Sixteen HIV-infected children at least 1 month, weighing 3 kg to less than 6 kg were enrolled. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) have been infected with HIV through one of two pathways: through vertical transmission (from mother to child via pregnancy or breastfeeding) or through horizontal transmission (from either sexual or non-sexual methods, e.g. injecting drug use, exposure to infected blood, medical procedures). (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition she teaches maternal and child health classes and qualitative research methods at postgraduate and graduate level at Swiss TPH and supervises students. (swisstph.ch)
Antibody2
  • Even though HIV-1 related immunosuppression reduces the titer of HPV antibody, the seroconversion rate is so high that the authors do not expect that to be a limitation to the vaccine efficacy. (fredhutch.org)
  • 1. Have reactive anti-HIV antibody at screening. (who.int)
Subtypes4
  • In fact, when new combinations between different HIV-1 subtypes occurs, it results in different Unique Recombinant Forms (URFs), some developed into Circulating Recombinant Forms (CRFs) as propagated in three or more epidemiologically unlinked individuals. (benthamscience.com)
  • The distribution of HIV-1 subtypes in a population tracks the spread and evolution of the epidemic. (cyberleninka.org)
  • In several countries, a diverse distribution of HIV-1 subtypes was observed principally reflecting travel-related exogenous exposures. (cyberleninka.org)
  • Multiple exogenous introductions of HIV-1 variants seemed common to all countries, as observed from the high diversity in subtypes, or the high genetic divergence among any specific subtype even if predominant. (cyberleninka.org)
Mortality1
  • This study assessed whether this facility attracted people who inject drugs, who were socially vulnerable, and who engaged in drug-related behaviors associated with increased morbidity and mortality risk. (researchgate.net)
People9
  • In France, more than 150,000 people are living with HIV. (terpan.fr)
  • In France, between 30,000 and 40,000 people infected with HIV are unaware of their seropositivity. (terpan.fr)
  • Prolonged mpox disease in people with advanced HIV: characterization of mpox skin lesions. (amedeo.com)
  • Our findings provide tentative evidence to suggest that low cognitive test scores (and possibly depressive symptoms) may be associated with HIV status among people who have yet to receive their HIV test results. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Globally, over two million adolescents aged 10-19, and five million young people aged 15-24 are living with HIV. (bvsalud.org)
  • In 2011, 208 people per 100,000 (0.2%) were infected with HIV in Canada [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, Ontario's Black population (3.9% of the total population) comprises approximately 22.5% of people living with HIV in the province. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Over the last 20 years we assisted to an increase in the mean age of People Living with HIV and their comorbidities. (oncotarget.com)
  • Over 200 people, more than half the village, attended the performance, which featured five village singers and primary school kids dressed as mosquitoes singing a song about malaria. (tropmedres.ac)
Nevirapine2
  • RESULTS: The median [interquartile range (IQR)] age, body weight and daily nevirapine dose in 15 included children (eight girls) were 4.8 (4.2, 8.4) months, 5.3 (4.3, 5.5) kg and 348 (326 385) mg/m, respectively. (ox.ac.uk)
  • 3.0 mg/l) compared to only three of 63 (5%) children weighing at least 6 kg (P = 0.02), whereas children aged less than 5 months [three of six (50%)] may have the highest risk for subtherapeutic nevirapine C12 h (P = 0.24). (ox.ac.uk)
Human2
  • 20 Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. (nih.gov)
  • The work of Nelly Mugo (University of Washington), Dr. Anna Wald (Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division) and Dr. Denise Galloway (Human Biology Division), in collaboration with Dr. Dalton Wamalwa (University of Nairobi, Kenya), shows the efficacy of quadrivalent HPV vaccine, in HIV-1 infected girls and boys in Africa. (fredhutch.org)
Clinical3
  • HIV status data was extracted from clinical records. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tools for Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (TIMCI) project, funded by Unitaid and led by PATH, introducing novel clinical decision support algorithms (CDSAs) and pulse oximeters at primary health care level for children 0-59 months in Senegal, Tanzania, Kenya, India and Myanmar. (swisstph.ch)
  • EFdA prevents the emergence of resistant HIV mutants, is over 400 times more active than AZT and several orders of magnitude more active than the other clinical reverse-transcriptase inhibitor y 2', 3'-dideoxynucleoside drugs, very low toxic, very long acting, and very useful for prophylaxis. (infectiousconferences.com)
Qualitative1
  • A descriptive qualitative study was conducted to explore the status of utilization of PPTCT services by rural HIV-positive mothers, in the Gingee Block of Villupuram district, Tamil Nadu. (ijstd.org)
Vaccine5
  • Protein dose-sparing effect of AS01B adjuvant in a randomized preventive HIV vaccine trial of ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) and adjuvanted bivalent subtype C gp120. (amedeo.com)
  • At month 12, the seropositivity rates were still superior to 90% for type 6, 11 ,16, and 72.5% for type 18, meaning that the qHPV vaccine is highly immunogenic. (fredhutch.org)
  • This is the first report demonstrating that qHPV vaccine is as efficient in HIV-1 infected adolescents in Africa compared to infected adolescents from developed countries (with higher standards of care) or HIV-1 uninfected adolescents (not immunosuppressed). (fredhutch.org)
  • The authors point out that the World Health Organization and American Cancer Society recently approved a new schedule for HPV vaccine reducing the vaccination protocol from three to two doses, which may not be as efficient as the three-dose protocol in HIV-infected adolescents. (fredhutch.org)
  • Public health strategies are also needed to reduce disproportionate HIV/STI burden among Black MSM-including improving HPV vaccine coverage. (biomedcentral.com)
Disease 20191
  • Coronavirus disease 2019 in children-United States, February 12-April 2, 2020. (jamanetwork.com)
Sexually1
  • trichomoniasis (tv) is associated with an increased risk of acquisition of sexually transmitted diseases (stds) and hiv. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Pregnancy3
  • The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG) therefore recommends HIV testing as a routine component of both pre-pregnancy and first trimester prenatal care to ensure expedient and appropriate interventions. (wikipedia.org)
  • HIV can be transmitted from an infected mother to the neonate in three circumstances: across the placenta during pregnancy (in utero), at birth due to fetal contact with infected maternal genital secretions and blood, or postnatally through the breast milk. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some are also transmitted through contaminated blood products, tissue transfer and from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding. (who.int)
Study1
  • There were 21 HIV-positive mothers during this period, 19 of whom gave consent for the study. (ijstd.org)
India1
  • Subtype B is predominant in western and central Europe, the Americas, Australia, and is commonly found in several countries of Southeast Asia.2 Subtype C is the main genetic form in southern Africa and India, the two countries where more than 80% of the global HIV cases occur. (cyberleninka.org)
Disparities1
  • Progress has been made in understanding factors contributing to racial/ethnic disparities in HIV between among men who have sex with men (MSM). (biomedcentral.com)