Chemical oxygen isotopes. Medical search. Frequent questions

Alfred Nier studied both stable and radiogenic isotopes, particularly the isotopes of lead (which led to the first precise age of the earth) and invented a simple but precise mass spectrometer in 1947 which become the machine that revolutionized geochemistry. (balzan.org)
Thus began the application of oxygen isotope geochemistry to studies of climatic change, which has become the fundamental methodology of the study of ancient climates. (balzan.org)

Davidson J., Krot A.N., Nagashima K., Hellebrand E. & Lauretta D. (2014) Oxygen isotope and chemical compositions of magnetite and olivine in the anomalous CK3 Watson 002 and ungrouped Asuka‐881595 carbonaceous chondrites: Effects of parent body metamorphism. (hawaii.edu)
The geochemical tools we currently have to reconstruct past ocean oxygenation mostly rely on (trace) metal enrichments and their isotope compositions preserved in ancient sedimentary rocks. (anr.fr)
A major class of chondrites that mostly have Mg/Si ratios near the solar value and oxygen isotope compositions that plot below the terrestrial fractionation line. (usra.edu)

17 O is primarily made by burning hydrogen into helium in the CNO cycle, making it a common isotope in the hydrogen burning zones of stars. (wikipedia.org)
A study of the upper atmosphere's composition has successfully measured an increased presence of the oxygen-18 isotope ( 18 O) - a type of oxygen whose atoms contain 10 neutrons instead of the eight neutrons found in oxygen-16 ( 16 O), the most common isotope. (mpg.de)

Water salinity and productivity recorded by ostracod assemblages and their carbon isotopes since the early Holocene at Lake Qinghai on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. (icdp-online.org)
The proportion of carbon isotopes in the shells tells us about changes in ocean circulation, but also of local changes in upwelling areas. (lu.se)

Oxygen isotopes are also used to trace ocean composition and temperature which seafood is from. (wikipedia.org)
Consequently the isotopic composition 6 , especially concerning the oxygen contained in the crystals*, acts as a good marker of the environment where they formed. (sciencedaily.com)
Schrader D.L., Nagashima K., Krot A.N., Ogliore R.C. & Hellebrand E. (2014) Variations in the O-isotope composition of gas during the formation of chondrules from the CR chondrites. (hawaii.edu)
Bizimis, M., Salters, V., Garcia, M.O, Norman, M.D., The composition and distribution of the rejuvenated component across the Hawaiian plume: Hf-Nd-Sr-Pb isotope systematics of Kaula lavas and pyroxenite xenoliths. (hawaii.edu)
And the water in your environment reflects the rainfall, and the chemical composition of water evaporates at different rates. (thenakedscientists.com)
Thirteen ground-water samples obtained from wells within a few meters of the freeze-shoe core sites and one from the landfill were analyzed for major and trace elements as well as the sulfur and oxygen isotope composition of dissolved sulfate. (usgs.gov)
Uncertainties surround the relationship between salinity and the stable isotopic composition of seawater, largely due to a dearth of modern seawater isotope data. (illinois.edu)
Ice cores are a vital archive used in paleoclimatology - tracing temperature variability and atmospheric chemical composition. (radiocarbon.com)
The chemical composition of snow layers provides detailed information on temperature (including seasonal temperature variations and extreme climate change events) through the analysis of stable oxygen isotopes as well as changes in atmospheric conditions (particularly in combination with dust inclusion analysis) (e.g. (radiocarbon.com)
The oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition δ 2 H and δ 18 O of leaf and lake water reflects the isotopic composition of source water/precipitation modified by evapo(transpi)rative enrichment. (copernicus.org)
The reason is as follows: oxygen, produced as a waste product of photosynthesis, mainly inherits its isotopic composition from that of the water supply, while respiration preferentially destroys the lighter version of oxygen. (mpg.de)
The thermosphere is the basepoint for the wind of oxygen ions emerging into Earth's plasma sheet, yet its isotopic oxygen composition is still unknown. (mpg.de)
In our attempt to remotely measure the isotopic composition of oxygen in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere of Earth, we use a relativistic effect, thanks to which the electronic ground state of atomic oxygen splits into three fine-structure levels ", says Helmut Wiesemeyer from the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy MPIfR), the leading author of the publication. (mpg.de)

There are three known stable isotopes of oxygen (8O): 16 O , 17 O , and 18 O . Radioactive isotopes ranging from 11 O to 28 O have also been characterized, all short-lived. (wikipedia.org)
All isotopes of an element, even those that are radioactive, react chemically in the same way. (cdc.gov)
Radioactive atoms that become part of a molecule do not affect the way the molecule behaves in chemical reactions or inside your body. (cdc.gov)
Alpha particle ( ionizing radiation ) - two neutrons and two protons bound as a single particle (a helium nucleus) that is emitted from the nucleus of certain radioactive isotopes in the process of disintegration. (cdc.gov)
Background radioactivity - radioactive elements in the natural environment including those in the crust of the earth (like radioactive potassium, uranium, and thorium isotopes) and those produced by cosmic rays. (cdc.gov)
Beta particle ( ionizing radiation ) - a charged particle emitted from the nucleus of certain unstable atomic nuclei (radioactive isotopes), having the charge and mass of an electron. (cdc.gov)

The Isotec facility manufactures rare forms of oxygen and nitrogen, known as stable isotopes, which are used in research and medicine. (csb.gov)
Trigo-Rodriguez and Martin Torres studied how hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen isotopes reacted with their environments on Earth and Titan. (space.com)
Outgassing and collisional processing on both worlds led to the production of molecular nitrogen-dominated atmospheres with similar isotopic ratios of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. (space.com)
Earlier studies targeted the isotopes of hydrogen and nitrogen. (naturalnews.com)
However, oxygen isotopes have two advantages over their hydrogen and nitrogen counterparts. (naturalnews.com)
Whereas both hydrogen and nitrogen have two, oxygen has three stable isotopes . (naturalnews.com)
Stable isotopes of oxygen and nitrogen in nitrate identification. (wroc.pl)

The most commonly used approach to interpreting field oxygen isotope data applies water and oxygen fractionation factors derived from laboratory experiments. (reading.ac.uk)
Thiemens and John Heidenreich demonstrated such mass-independent fractionation of oxygen isotopes in the formation of ozone thirty years ago, but the mechanism for a similar process in forming the solid building blocks of rocks has not be demonstrated experimentally before now. (scitechdaily.com)

The ratio of magnesium to calcium and the distribution of oxygen isotopes allow conclusions about the water temperature during the period in which the sponge incorporated these chemical elements into its skeleton. (mpg.de)
The chemical analyses also showed that the water temperature in the first thousand years of the sponge's life remained almost constant. (mpg.de)
Oxygen isotopes are used to determine the temperature of the parent fluid(s) that precipitated the vein-filling cements. (searchanddiscovery.com)
To find out, the research team deployed a range of floats, gliders and traditional ocean profiler instruments to measure temperature at the glacier front and to obtain chemical evidence of glacial meltwater in seawater samples. (antarctica.gov.au)
This chemical signature, in addition to water temperature and salinity, is used to determine the depth at which the atlantids calcified their shells. (bgs.ac.uk)
Well, scientists can estimate the temperature changes at this time by looking at chemicals found in ice cores and marine sediment cores and studying pollen buried in layers deep underground. (world.edu)
Certain isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in ice cores can determine the temperature in the past while pollen tells us which plant species were present and therefore gives us an indication of climatic conditions suitable for that species. (world.edu)
Elements exist in different variations - isotopes - and it is the proportion of oxygen isotopes in the foram shells that, for example, reveals changes in global temperature and in global ice volume. (lu.se)
The proportion of oxygen isotopes in the shells reveals changes in global temperature and in global ice volume. (lu.se)

Here we report 191 new, paired measurements of salinity and seawater oxygen isotopes (δ 18 O sw ) taken from the central tropical Pacific in May 2012, from the surface to 4600m depth. (illinois.edu)
Here we report 191 new, paired measurements of salinity and seawater oxygen isotopes (δ18Osw) taken from the central tropical Pacific in May 2012, from the surface to 4600m depth. (illinois.edu)
The Dole effect describes an inequality in the ratio of the heavy isotope 18 O to the lighter 16 O, measured in the atmosphere and in seawater. (mpg.de)
Urey noted that seawater should be enriched in the heavy oxygen isotope (18 O) relative to fresh water because of the preferential evaporation of the light isotope (16O) from the oceans. (balzan.org)

As some methods of isotope separation enrich not only heavier isotopes of hydrogen but also heavier isotopes of oxygen when producing heavy water, the concentration of 17 O and 18 O can be measurably higher. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore the 17 O(n,α)14 C reaction is a further undesirable result of an elevated concentration of heavier isotopes of oxygen. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore facilities which remove tritium from heavy water used in nuclear reactors often also remove or at least reduce the amount of heavier isotopes of oxygen. (wikipedia.org)
In these stony meteorites though, the two heavier oxygen isotopes show up in equal proportions. (scitechdaily.com)
The spectrum shows the column densities of oxygen lines of 16 O and the heavier isotope 18 O which were detected in absorption against the moon in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere. (mpg.de)

By analyzing them, researchers can determine a compound's isotopic signature, the unique ratio of various isotopes that serve as a fingerprint. (naturalnews.com)
The stable carbon isotope ratio (δ 13 C) is included as part of the service, which can provide evidence of carbon cycle changes through time. (radiocarbon.com)

Oxygen isotopes in meteorites are hugely different from those of the terrestrial planets," said Subrata Chakraborty, a project scientist in chemistry at UC San Diego and the lead author of the report. (scitechdaily.com)
When Chakraborty and Petia Yanchulova, a physics student and co-author of the paper, collected and analyzed the dust, they saw a mix of oxygen isotopes that matched the anomalous pattern found in stony meteorites. (scitechdaily.com)

Rare earth elements will be determined using electron microprobe (EMP) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Oxygen isotopes will be analyzed using isotope mass spectrometry (MS). It is anticipated, based on tectonic history, petrographic and geochemical analyses, that the characteristics of these vein-filling cements will indicate a meteoric origin for the parent fluid(s). (searchanddiscovery.com)
Stable isotopic analyses of carbon, oxygen, and sulfur in multiple rocks and cores of this area refine a model of ore formation in this mineral deposit. (usgs.gov)
We also collect samples in plastic tubes for chemical analyses that test for, among other things, soot, microplastics, salinity, iodine, the oxygen isotope O 18 and nitrate. (wsl.ch)
Results of physical and chemical analyses of sediment and water collected near a closed municipal landfill at Norman, Oklahoma are presented in this report. (usgs.gov)
This session aims to bring together scientists from different fields applying single and dual oxygen and hydrogen isotope approaches on environmental-derived compounds for the reconstruction of climatic and biological processes that go beyond standard isotope analyses of water. (copernicus.org)

In three months, I was able to collect grain-size, TN/TC/TOC/TIC, biogenic Silica, C/N isotopes, biomarkers and radiocarbon data. (eawag.ch)
In our contribution, we discuss the potential, the advances and the limitation of the coupled isotope approach based on leaf wax-derived n -alkane and hemicellulose-derived sugar biomarkers (δ 2 H n -alkanes - δ 18 O sugars ). (copernicus.org)

On examining what is known about the two gases, hydrogen and oxygen, alone, it is doubtful that today's science would predict water, a liquid, could exist. (urantia.org)
When hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water. (urantia.org)
Atoms tend to combine with other atoms to form molecules (for example, hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water). (cdc.gov)

Solid samples (organic and inorganic) for oxygen isotopic ratios are usually stored in silver cups and measured with pyrolysis and mass spectrometry. (wikipedia.org)
To look closer at the depth of shell calcification, the team analysed oxygen isotope ratios of atlantid shells from the Atlantic Ocean, the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. (bgs.ac.uk)

In particular, a higher than expected proportion of oxygen-17 isotopes was found in the carbonates. (trinitynews.ie)

About 109 kelvin is needed to fuse oxygen into sulfur. (wikipedia.org)
Stable hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur isotope data were collected from surface water, groundwater, and bulk mill tailings samples at this mine in South Strafford, Vermont. (usgs.gov)

They also mummified them, meaning specimens of those pet baboons exist in museums and, critically, still carry a chemical fingerprint of where they came from originally, putting Dartmouth College's Nate Dominy on the scent of where Punt might have been, as he told Chris Smith. (thenakedscientists.com)

Martin Chaplin PhD, 1) Water is composed of two atoms of hydrogen, the most ubiquitous element in the universe, and one atom of oxygen, the most abundant element on our planet. (urantia.org)
So when one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms come together, or bond, each hydrogen now has two electrons in their first orbital shell by sharing an electron pair with the oxygen. (urantia.org)
The oxygen now has a total of eight electrons in the second orbital shell because of this sharing with the two hydrogen atoms. (urantia.org)
However, because the two non- bonding pairs remain closer to the oxygen atom (because they are not "sharing"), these exert a stronger repulsion against the two covalent bonding pairs, effectively pushing the two hydrogen atoms closer together. (urantia.org)
Isotopes are atoms of an element that contain different numbers of neutrons compared to the baseline atoms. (naturalnews.com)
Studies have shown that because of biological processes, oxygen in the Earth's lower atmosphere has a higher fraction of 18 O than oxygen atoms in the ocean. (mpg.de)

Chemical Geology, 265 (3-4). (reading.ac.uk)
Chemical Geology. (lu.se)

When atlantids produce their shells they incorporate oxygen and carbon (and many other elements) from the water in which they live, trapping a chemical signature of the water within their shells. (bgs.ac.uk)
They can do so because chemical information from ocean currents gets built into their shells during their lifetime. (lu.se)
The shells are made of calcium carbonate, which means that they mainly consist of the elements calcium, carbon and oxygen. (lu.se)

Rare earth element (REE) and oxygen isotope signatures in the Ordovician Vinini Formation type-section in central Nevada are being used to test the hypothesis that water-rock interaction in the typesection was limited to diagenetic fluids of meteoric origin. (searchanddiscovery.com)
And so when animals are drinking water on the landscape, they incorporate those chemical signatures, the oxygen stable isotopes in the water, and that incorporates into their bones and in their teeth and in their hair. (thenakedscientists.com)
To examine how these resources are replenished, Professor Richard Taylor (UCL) and Dr Scott Jasechko (University of Calgary) assessed the chemical signatures in precipitation and groundwater at 15 sites across the tropics. (phys.org)

Earth presumably formed from scorched, oxygen-poor rocks (planetesimals) located in the inner solar system, while Titan formed from rocks that were rich in oxygen and other volatile chemicals (cometesimals) in the outer solar system. (space.com)
During this period, oxygen- and volatile-rich materials from the outer solar system were hurled en masse towards the inner solar system. (space.com)
However, less recognized by many employers and workers is that many of the chemicals found in volatile hydrocarbons are acutely toxic at high concentrations. (cdc.gov)
2) Provide hazard awareness training to ensure flowback technicians, water haulers, and drivers understand the potential hazards and risks for volatile chemical exposures when working on and around flowback and production tanks. (cdc.gov)

Experimental determination of the proportion of a given stable oxygen isotope in a sample. (usgs.gov)

Most 18 O is produced when 14 N (made abundant from CNO burning) captures a 4 He nucleus, becoming 18 F . This quickly (half-life around 110 minutes) beta decays to 18 O making that isotope common in the helium-rich zones of stars. (wikipedia.org)
As glacial ice melts, it leaves a signature in the water that we can detect using different chemical elements and isotopes of helium and oxygen. (antarctica.gov.au)

Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, derived compounds. (lu.se)

Due to natural oxygen being mostly 16 O, samples enriched with the other stable isotopes can be used for isotope labeling. (wikipedia.org)
Chemical data from stream water, groundwater, and soil samples collected in 2019 and 2020 in this area. (usgs.gov)
As part of the 'Chemical Weathering and Organic Carbon Export From Arctic Watersheds, North Slope, Alaska' project, surface water samples were collected from rivers near the Toolik Field Station between April and October in 2009 and 2010. (ucar.edu)
WILLIAMS: In the 1960's the International Atomic Energy Agency of the United Nations began a sampling network across the world of collections of precipitation, and those samples have been analyzed for their oxygen and hydrogen isotope characteristics. (wyomingpublicmedia.org)

Oxygen isotopes usually sort out according to mass: oxygen-17, with just one extra neutron, is incorporated into molecules half as often as oxygen-18, with two extra neutrons. (scitechdaily.com)
By comparing the stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in water molecules from precipitation and groundwater, it was found that groundwater recharge occurs disproportionately from heavy rainfalls. (phys.org)
Harold Urey's equally seminal contribution was his classic paper "The thermodynamic properties of isotopic substances", also published in 1947, in which he calculated the equilibrium separation factors for isotopes of the light elements in chemical reactions and solid-liquid-vapor phase equilibria, based on quantum mechanics and spectroscopic data on isotopic molecules. (balzan.org)

Cosmochemists at the University of California, San Diego, have solved a long-standing mystery in the formation of the solar system: Oxygen, the most abundant element in Earth's crust, follows a strange, anomalous pattern in the oldest, most pristine rocks, one that must result from a different chemical process than the well-understood reactions that form minerals containing oxygen on Earth. (scitechdaily.com)

In addition, the researchers investigated the lamellae for trace elements and oxygen isotopes with the help of various mass spectrometers. (mpg.de)

That the flowering of oxygen isotopic climatology began in Urey's Chicago laboratory was due to another, and perhaps equally improbable impact, which similarly caused the demise of the conventional scientific wisdom on the glacial and interglacial climatic cycles during the Pleistocene Epoch. (balzan.org)

In their new study, they reported that organic materials found in those non-metallic meteors were formed by basic chemical processes during the formation of the Solar System. (naturalnews.com)

On the strength of their previous discoveries about other gemstones, the researchers applied this isotope analysis method to green garnet. (sciencedaily.com)
We also encourage people working with all techniques (IRMS-, NMR- or spectroscopy-based) to present advances in methods, as well as researchers focusing on improving oxygen and hydrogen isotope-based models to discuss their approaches. (copernicus.org)

The last-standing idea was that a physical chemical principle called symmetry could account for the observed patterns of oxygen isotopes. (scitechdaily.com)
In summary, the session will offer an overview on oxygen and hydrogen applications across different ecosystems in order to facilitate the interpretation of compound-specific isotope patterns. (copernicus.org)

In the Rio Tinto, high delta O-18((SO4-H2O)) values (11.2-13.6 parts per thousand) occur in concentrated (Fe = 172-829 mM), low pH (0.88-1.4), ferrous iron (68-91% of total Fe) waters and are most simply explained by a mechanism involving a dissolved sulphite intermediate, sulphite-water oxygen equilibrium exchange and finally sulphite oxidation to sulphate with O-2. (reading.ac.uk)

UC San Diego cosmochemists demonstrated that a chemical reaction, governed by known physical principles, can generate silicate dust with oxygen anomalies that match those found in the oldest rocks in the solar system. (scitechdaily.com)
In addition to showing that basic chemical processes in our solar system can create organic materials, their study indicates that these same processes and results could also take place in other planetary systems. (naturalnews.com)

The UoM research team took accurate measurements and interpretations of the oxygen isotopes that made up the organic matter in the space rocks. (naturalnews.com)

Did animal life emerge in oxygen-depleted oceans? (anr.fr)

Enzyme kinetics is the study of the rates of enzyme-catalysed chemical reactions . (wikipedia.org)

IonSense has developed a compan ion data analysis program that utilizes a reverse library search algorithm to determine potential identity for each major chemical in the sample. (labmanager.com)

For example, it was proven, that the oxygen released in photosynthesis originates in H2O, rather than in the also consumed CO2, by isotope tracing experiments. (wikipedia.org)

For the first time, we could identify the spectroscopic signature of this isotope shift in spectral lines of atomic oxygen in nature. (mpg.de)

but had a low delta O-18((SO4-H2O)) value of 4.0 parts per thousand and high concentrations of ferric iron (Fe(III) = 185 mM, total Fe = 186 mM), suggesting a pathway where ferric iron is the primary oxidant, water is the primary source of oxygen in the sulphate and where sulphate is released directly from the pyrite surface. (reading.ac.uk)
This chemical reaction takes place on the surface of aerosols in the atmosphere. (trinitynews.ie)
In this paper, a surface/defect engineering strategy is developed to synthesize three-dimensional (3D) carbon foam (CF)-supported unique hierarchical Co3O4 nanowires@NiO nanosheets core-shell nanostructured catalyst (NiO@Co3O4/CF) with rich oxygen-vacancies as a novel bifunctional catalyst for alkaline water splitting electrolysis. (bvsalud.org)

This time, how a tusk-based 'chemical GPS' revealed details of a mammoth's enormous journeys , and why the Perseverance rover's first efforts to collect a Mars rock sample didn't go according to plan. (nature.com)
Scientists at University College San Diego have discovered a new chemical reaction that may help uncover new information on the ancient atmospheres of Earth and Mars. (trinitynews.ie)
Interestingly, this discovery also provides a simple chemical explanation for the carbonate inclusions found in a meteorite from Mars that was once thought to be evidence of ancient Martian life. (trinitynews.ie)
en mars 2019. (cef-cfr.ca)

Isotopes are forms of the same element, but differ in the number of neutrons within the nucleus. (cdc.gov)

So, in pursuit to find out fundamental information about the atlantids, Debbie teamed up with BGS's Melanie Leng in the Stable Isotope Facility at BGS to answer the question 'at what depth do atlantids live? (bgs.ac.uk)

We visit these various places in turn and record the physical and chemical condition of the snowpack by taking a snow profile. (wsl.ch)
Through detailed physical and chemical studies of fossils and sediments, I hope to add some puzzle pieces to the history of Earth and life. (lu.se)

the triple-alpha process creates 12 C , which captures an additional 4 He nucleus to produce 16 O . The neon burning process creates additional 16 O . Both 17 O and 18 O are secondary isotopes, meaning their synthesis requires seed nuclei. (wikipedia.org)
in introductory courses is fraught with many difficulties and at times may even obscure the fundamental reason for the chemical bond- the electrostatic attraction between positive nuclei and negative electrons . (rsc.org)

Although worker safety hazards in the oil and gas extraction industry are well known, there is very little published data regarding occupational health hazards (e.g., types and magnitude of risks for chemical exposures) during oil and gas extraction operations. (cdc.gov)

Heaviest particle-bound isotope of oxygen, see Nuclear drip line Natural oxygen is made of three stable isotopes, 16 O , 17 O , and 18 O , with 16 O being the most abundant (99.762% natural abundance). (wikipedia.org)

Rare earth elements are used as the chemical indicator because they are non-reactive and their signature can help determine fluid provenance. (searchanddiscovery.com)
Alongside oxygen, these elements are also building blocks of life. (naturalnews.com)

A rapid liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method has been developed for determination of levels of the organophosphorus (OP) pesticides chlorpyrifos (CPF), azinphos methyl (AZM), and their oxygen analogs chlorpyrifos-oxon (CPF-O) and azinphos methyl-oxon (AZM-O) on common active air sampling matrices. (cdc.gov)
This evidence for rapid oxygen changes leading to mass extinction has important implications for modern deoxygenation and biodiversity declines. (lu.se)

The oxygen contained in CO2 in turn is used to make up the sugars formed by photosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)

This sharing of electron pairs is called a covalent chemical bond. (urantia.org)
The four electron pairs surrounding the oxygen tend to arrange themselves as far from each other as possible in order to minimize repulsions between these clouds of negative charge. (urantia.org)

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