Characterize distinct basal ganglia. Medical search. Frequent questions

This is caused by progressive degeneration of neurons in several parts of the brain including the basal ganglia, inferior olivary nucleus, and cerebellum. (wikipedia.org)
Overview of Movement and Cerebellar Disorders Voluntary movement requires complex interaction of the corticospinal (pyramidal) tracts, basal ganglia, and cerebellum (the center for motor coordination) to ensure smooth, purposeful movement. (msdmanuals.com)
Caused by lesion of the cerebellum or basal ganglia. (casperdetoledo.com)

The loop involves connections between the cortex, the basal ganglia, the thalamus, and back to the cortex. (wikipedia.org)
Histopathological studies identified a distinct pattern of acute injury to subcortical motor pathways that involved the basal ganglia and thalamus. (jneurosci.org)
Uterine ischemia in the dams resulted in a distinct neurobehavioral phenotype in the newborn pups, which was characterized by an increase in forelimb tone that was significantly correlated with histological evidence of persistent injury to subcortical motor pathways involving the basal ganglia and anterior thalamus. (jneurosci.org)

The mammalian telencephalon, which comprises the cerebral cortex, olfactory bulb, hippocampus, basal ganglia (striatum and globus pallidum), and amygdala, is a highly complex and evolutionarily advanced brain structure. (intechopen.com)
Although it's not clear as to how, experts think that it may have something to do with the densely clustered cannabinoid receptors in the hippocampus and basal ganglia parts of your brain that control of movement and behavior. (marijuanadoctors.com)

The substantia nigra pars reticulate (SNr) is the main output structure of the basal ganglia (BG), a subcortical network controlling the elaboration of motor programs as well as cognitive and associative learning functions. (theses.fr)
The conditions fall into the category of subcortical processes that are characterized by deterioration of mental abilities. (readementia.com)

Subsequently, the patient's hypothalamic disorder emerged as a component of a steroid-responsive relapsing encephalomyelitis with cerebral pathology restricted to the basal ganglia and brainstem. (researchgate.net)

Current organization schemes characterize cortico-basal ganglia interactions as segregated parallel processing, meaning there is little convergence of distinct cortical areas in the basal ganglia. (wikipedia.org)
Integrative analyses revealed concordant changes in DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility, chromatin organization, and gene expression across cell types, cortical areas, and basal ganglia structures. (salk.edu)

However, synuclein can accumulate in many other parts of the nervous system, including the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve, basal nucleus of Meynert, hypothalamus, neocortex, olfactory bulb, sympathetic ganglia, and myenteric plexus of the gastrointestinal tract. (msdmanuals.com)

Our ongoing projects are focused on development and functions of the dopaminergic system in basal ganglia including striatum, a brain region important for control of motor, affective and cognitive functions. (igbmc.fr)

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by autonomic dysfunction, tremors, slow movement, muscle rigidity, and postural instability (collectively known as parkinsonism) and ataxia. (wikipedia.org)
Parkinson disease is a slowly progressive, degenerative disorder characterized by resting tremor, stiffness (rigidity), slow and decreased movement (bradykinesia), and eventually gait and/or postural instability. (msdmanuals.com)
Behavioral analysis of the basal ganglia formation is one of the most important methods to characterize the parkinsonian disorder. (beawarenow.eu)
Dystonia is currently conceptualized as a neurofunctional disorder characterized by alterations at various levels and multiple points along the sensorimotor circuit. (touchneurology.com)
While the precise neurobiological underpinnings of dissociation remain elusive, neuroimaging studies in disorders, characterized by high dissociation (e.g., depersonalization/derealization disorder (DDD), dissociative identity disorder (DID), dissociative subtype of posttraumatic stress disorder (D-PTSD)), have provided valuable insight into brain alterations possibly underlying dissociation. (springer.com)
With respect to PTSD, the most recent version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) includes a dissociative subtype (dissociative subtype of posttraumatic stress disorder, D-PTSD), characterized by predominately dissociative responses to traumatic reminders and other stressors in the form of depersonalization and/or derealization [ 5 ]. (springer.com)
These findings support two distinct patterns of SPECT perfusion scan changes that can be found in individuals with bipolar disorder. (frontiersin.org)
Bipolar I disorder, previously known as manic depressive disorder, is characterized by one or more manic episodes, alternating with episodes of depression or euthymia. (frontiersin.org)
Bipolar II disorder is characterized by cyclic episodes of hypomania alternating with episodes of depression or euthymia. (frontiersin.org)
Tourette's disorder, also referred to as Tourette's syndrome, is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary and uncontrollable tics. (psychologytoday.com)
Binge eating, a core diagnostic symptom in binge eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa (BN), is characterized by eating a large amount of food in a short time and a sense of loss of control while eating [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Tourette syndrome is a type of neurological disorder characterized by stereotyped, repetitive, involuntary vocalizations and movements known as tics. (marijuanadoctors.com)
Within this broader category, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) stands out as a distinct condition that differs from other anxiety disorders in several key ways. (mentalhealthblurb.com)
Degeneration of the basal ganglia is a consistent feature of this disorder. (medscape.com)

It is 2-3 weeks of age, with hypocalcaemic teeth abnormalities such as delayed characterized by congenital hypoparathy- seizures. (who.int)
Second, advances in functional neuroimaging have led to the possibility of identification of distinct functional, anatomic, and neurochemical abnormalities in dystonia patients. (touchneurology.com)
Affective disorders - Mental illnesses characterized mainly by abnormalities in mood. (casperdetoledo.com)
In individuals with OCD, there are noticeable abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia, which are involved in decision-making, impulse control, and habit formation. (mentalhealthblurb.com)

PLMS is characterized by involuntary leg (and sometimes arm) twitching or jerking movements during sleep that typically occur every 15 to 40 seconds, sometimes throughout the night. (nih.gov)
Dystonia is characterized by involuntary muscle contractions causing twisting movements and abnormal postures. (touchneurology.com)

is brain dysfunction that is characterized by basal ganglia dopaminergic blockade and that is similar to Parkinson disease, but it is caused by something other than Parkinson disease (eg, drugs, cerebrovascular disease, trauma, postencephalitic changes). (msdmanuals.com)
Our current focus relates to the role of retinoids in brain physiology and pathology , with a particular interest in basal ganglia and dopaminergic signaling, whose dysfunctions are associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders. (igbmc.fr)

Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA) is a heterogeneous group of progressive neurodegenerative diseases characterized by iron deposition in the globus pallidus and the substantia nigra. (synergy-munich.de)

This model offers the distinct advantages that, similar to the human newborn, the newborn rabbit has immature locomotor function and the cerebral hemispheres are not fully myelinated. (jneurosci.org)
[ 1 ] Hydranencephaly occurs in less than 1 in 10,000 births and is characterized by near-total or total absence of the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia. (medscape.com)

The loop has also been divided into limbic, associative, oculomotor, and motor circuits to explain the role of dopamine in the basal ganglia on motivational states. (wikipedia.org)
The basal ganglia uses the brain chemical dopamine to produce smooth, purposeful muscle activity and movement. (nih.gov)

There are neurological similarities to PSP, but the classical clinical picture is often distinct. (parkinsonsinfoclub.com)
The evidence touches base on distinct patterns of neuropathology, neurological, and neuropsychological profiles. (readementia.com)
Patients with multiple sclerosis are classified according to their clinical phenotype, with ~85% following a relapsing-remitting course (relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis) characterized by recurrent, acute neurological deficits punctuating periods of latency or remission (Lublin and Reingold, 1996). (medscape.com)

Here, we present a comprehensive comparison of behavioral phenotypes elicited by basal ganglia formation disruption in the HD mouse model with the analogous endophenotypes found in some of the most relevant animal models of parkinsonian motor disorders. (beawarenow.eu)
Interestingly, a few deafness-related genes with distinct phenotypes exist depending on the genotype and inheritance pattern. (biomedcentral.com)

Deduction activated areas near right brain homologues of left language areas in middle temporal lobe, inferior frontal cortex and basal ganglia, as well as right amygdala, but not spatial visual areas. (neurotransmitter.net)

Research efforts investigating sporadic and familial neurodegenerative diseases have identified distinct clinicopathologic relationships related to the accumulation of hallmark brain lesions found in selectively vulnerable neuroanatomical distributions. (biomedcentral.com)

Unlike the recessively inherited Wolfram syndrome, WFS1 heterozygous variants cause DFNA6/14/38 and wolfram-like syndrome, characterized by autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss, optic atrophy, and diabetes mellitus. (biomedcentral.com)
Kjellin syndrome is characterized by retinal degeneration, autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia, and thin corpus callosum initially associated with spastic paraplegia 15 (SPG15) but more often occurring in individuals with SPG11. (nih.gov)

In hydranencephaly, computed tomography (CT) scanning demonstrates an absence of most of the supratentorial structures, with preservation of the falx, thalami, and various amounts of the occipital lobes and basal ganglia (see the images below). (medscape.com)

The best characterized behavioral endophenotype in the mHTT mouse model of HD is the motor impairment associated with hypersensitivity to novelty, which is accompanied by complex changes in the expression of genes in the brain. (beawarenow.eu)
Mild cognitive impairment -- concentration impairment characterized by a lack of attention. (toxicologysource.com)
Approximately 15% of patients follow a primary progressive or progressive relapsing course from disease onset, usually characterized by symptoms of progressive myelopathy (gait instability, spasticity, bladder symptoms) and cognitive impairment. (medscape.com)

Recent evidence indicates that the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells play a key role in the pathophysiology of photophobia. (researchgate.net)
Although pharmacologic manipulation of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells and the neural pathways that mediate photophobia may be possible in the future, current therapies are directed at the underlying cause of the photophobia and optical modulation of these cells and pathways. (researchgate.net)

MSA is characterized by the following, which can be present in any combination: autonomic dysfunction parkinsonism (muscle rigidity +/ tremor and slow movement) cerebellar ataxia (Poor coordination/unsteady walking, double vision) A variant with combined features of MSA and dementia with Lewy bodies may also exist. (wikipedia.org)
Parkinsonian syndrome -- a form of parkinsonism, a group of diseases characterized by tremor, rigidity or stiffness, slow movements and difficulty maintaining balance. (toxicologysource.com)

The cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop (CBGTC loop) is a system of neural circuits in the brain. (wikipedia.org)
We are also testing known and newly characterized retinoids for treatment of such brain disorders in relevant animal models. (igbmc.fr)
T1-weighted axial brain magnetic resonance image at the level of the basal ganglia in a 24-year-old man with human immunodeficiency virus infection. (medscape.com)
All of their MRI scans showed an area of increased T1 signal intensity in the basal ganglia region of the brain, which appears as a bright spot on the MRI scan and is a biological indicator of manganese accumulation. (toxicologysource.com)

MSA is distinct from multisystem proteinopathy, a more common muscle-wasting syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
Il s'agit de la première série de cas du syndrome de Sanjad-Sakati confirmés génétiquement en Jordanie. (who.int)
A 13-year-old boy with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome characterized by absence, myoclonic, complex-partial, and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures, presents with progressive obtundation and loss of motor and verbal skills over a 2-day period. (researchgate.net)
This syndrome can look like Parkinson's disease, yet is distinct. (toxicologysource.com)

Collectively, these data suggest that low early-life SES programs a defensive phenotype characterized by resistance to glucocorticoid signaling, which in turn facilitates exaggerated adrenocortical and inflammatory responses. (dericbownds.net)

Dementia with Lewy bodies is chronic cognitive deterioration characterized by cellular. (msdmanuals.com)

Our anatomical analysis reveal that PV+ and PV- neurons are present in equal proportion in the SNr, but with a distinct distribution, PV+ being enriched in the lateral part of the SNr, while PV- are found in the medial portion of the nucleus. (theses.fr)
We tested the impact of STR-SNr or GP-SNr activation on the activity of SNr neurons in cell-attached configuration and then switched to whole-cell voltage-clamp to characterize short-term plasticity of these synapses. (theses.fr)
Pathologically DLB is characterized by the development of abnormal collections of protein within the cytoplasm of neurons (Lewy bodies). (medicalexamprep.co.uk)

Although all problem solving relies on a largely shared cortical network, the sudden flash of insight occurs when solvers engage distinct neural and cognitive processes that allow them to see connections that previously eluded them. (neurotransmitter.net)
Studies have identified several psychological risk factors of binge eating, including a strong desire for food, impaired cognitive skills, and distinct personality traits (e.g., quick action without careful thinking). (biomedcentral.com)

In the present study, a new neurobehavioral battery of tests was used to characterize the motor performance of newborn pups after sustained hypoxia-ischemia to the preterm rabbit fetus at 67-70% gestation. (jneurosci.org)

Disorders characterized by recurrent TICS that may interfere with speech and other activities. (lookformedical.com)

It includes 3 disorders previously thought to be distinct. (msdmanuals.com)

Complex tics are distinct, coordinated patterns of successive movements involving several muscle groups. (psychologytoday.com)

Yet, neuroimaging research in clinical samples characterized by high dissociation (e.g. (springer.com)
The former is characterized by deficiencies in short-term memory, recall and learning, which are the most common clinical presentations of typical and limbic predominant subtypes of AD. (biomedcentral.com)

Recent behavioral studies indicate distinct patterns of performance and suggest differential hemispheric involvement for insight and noninsight solutions. (neurotransmitter.net)

Ramified astrocytes, characterized by tau-immunopositive deposits in the proximal astrocytic processes usually localized to one side of the astrocyte. (medscape.com)
Behavioral and Pharmacologic Characterization of the Basal Ganglia Formation in the Rat-Do Some Behavioral Endophenotypes in Parkinson's Disease Reflect Distinct Pathological Processes? (beawarenow.eu)

Worsening of symptoms at night with a distinct symptom-free period in the early morning-You might have difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep. (nih.gov)
By understanding the distinct features of OCD, mental health professionals can provide tailored treatment plans to help alleviate symptoms and improve overall well-being. (mentalhealthblurb.com)

Se analizan los resultados de un estudio descriptivo y exploratorio, con el propósito de comprender los resultados de 21 pacientes esquizofrenicos varones, evaluados con pruebas neuropsicológicas, internados en un centro portugués de salud mental. (bvsalud.org)

The identification of distinct cell-types within the BG has played a key role for understanding the properties and functions of this circuit. (theses.fr)

Here we examine neurogenetic contributions to individual differences in these distinct aspects of motivated human behavior, using a temporal decision-making task and computational analysis. (dericbownds.net)

Remarkably, the molecular programs regulating striatal pathway development remain poorly characterized. (jneurosci.org)
We identified 188 cell types and characterized their molecular signatures. (salk.edu)

Pick disease is morphologically distinct from other FTLD-tau subtypes and is characterized by presence of Pick bodies. (medscape.com)
[ 11 ] Tau filaments in Pick disease are characterized by 15-18 nm diameter straight tubules and 22-24 nm diameter twisted filaments. (medscape.com)
Localized scleroderma is a rare disease, characterized by sclerotic lesions. (hindawi.com)
In scleroderma en coup de sabre (LScs) the atrophic lesion in frontoparietal area is the disease hallmark. (hindawi.com)
Scleroderma is a rare disease of unknown etiology, characterized by thickening and hardening of skin resulting from increased collagen production. (hindawi.com)
As of today, 15 distinct monogenetic disease entities have been identified. (synergy-munich.de)
Few studies investigated the effect of deferiprone in PKAN, including a recent placebo-controlled double-blind multicenter trial, demonstrating radiological improvement with reduction of iron load in the basal ganglia and a trend to slowing of disease progression. (synergy-munich.de)

All patients had severe growth retardation, distinct phenotypic features and hypoparathyroidism. (who.int)

The loop was originally proposed as a part of a model of the basal ganglia called the parallel processing model, which has been criticized and modified into another model called the center surround model. (wikipedia.org)
The genetic model is characterized by the overexpression of -synuclein harbouring the A53T mutation known to cause early-onset, familial PD in humans. (parkinsonsinfoclub.com)

The basal ganglia support learning to exploit decisions that have yielded positive outcomes in the past. (dericbownds.net)

The authors of the U.S. study concluded that "Our results indicate that SHC2 gene deletions underlie few, if any, cases of well-characterized MSA in the US population. (wikipedia.org)

Aphasia, non-fluent - Characterized by awkward articulation, limited vocabulary, hesitant, slow speech output, restricted use of grammatical forms and a relative preservation of auditory comprehension. (casperdetoledo.com)

Defects in such disparate systems (ie, basal ganglia and erythrocytes) have led to the suggestion that a common neurohematological membrane defect is involved. (medscape.com)

Anatomy58

Organisms11

Diseases46

Chemicals and Drugs32

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment28

Psychiatry and Psychology20

Phenomena and Processes20

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science1

Health Care1

Cerebellum3

Thalamus3

Hippocampus2

Subcortical2

Brainstem1

Cortical areas2

Olfactory bulb1

Striatum1

Disorder14

Abnormalities4

Involuntary2

Dopaminergic2

Iron deposition1

Cerebral2

Dopamine2

Neurological3

Phenotypes2

Frontal1

Neurodegenerative diseases1

Autosomal2

Structures1

Impairment3

Retinal2

Tremor2

Brain4

Syndrome4

Phenotype1

Deterioration1

Neurons3

Cognitive2

Neurobehavioral1

Recurrent1

Disorders1

TICS1

Clinical2

Patterns1

Processes2

Symptoms2

Mental1

Identification of distinct1

Temporal1

Molecular2

Disease7

Patients1

Model2

Support1

Cases1

Slow1

Systems1