• As a chelating agent for Fe2+, rutin can inhibit the chain reaction of Fenton reaction and lipid peroxidation and has obvious anti-lipid peroxidation. (zhonglanindustry.com)
  • Infact all these polyphenolic compounds flavonoids and the antioxidative pigments exhibit anti-lipid peroxidation properties either by inactivating lipoxigenase or through scavenging ROS necessary for propagation reactions associated with lipid peroxidation [12,13]. (boffinaccess.com)
  • The chain oxidation proceeds inexorably through multiple steps, destroying lipid membranes and generating highly reactive toxic secondary products that damage numerous biomolecules, such as proteins and DNA, irreversibly. (wikipedia.org)
  • [9] Research into how vitamin E prevents the process of lipid peroxidation led to the identification of antioxidants as reducing agents that prevent oxidative reactions, often by scavenging reactive oxygen species before they can damage cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The chain reaction mechanism of lipid peroxidation primarily targets polyunsaturated fatty acids due to their multiple double bonds and the presence of reactive hydrogen atoms in the methylene bridges (-CH2-) between these bonds. (wikipedia.org)
  • The most common initiators in this step of lipid peroxidation are substances from the reactive oxygen family. (vedantu.com)
  • Lipid hydroperoxides and acid-reactive molecules are also produced during the propagation process. (vedantu.com)
  • In addition, oxygen-derived reactive oxygen species including hydrogen peroxide and nitrogen free radicals, such as superoxide, hydroxyl radical and nitric oxide radical, undergo a complicated sequence of electron transfer reactions with other biomolecules, which lead to their modified physiological functions and diverse biological and pathophysiological consequences (e.g. oxidative stress). (nih.gov)
  • These oxidation reactions can produce free radicals (or reactive oxygen species) that start a chain reaction that damages cells. (sagescript.com)
  • Effective scavenging of reactive radicals and low reactivity of generated secondary antioxidant radicals towards vital intracellular components are two critical requirements for a chain-breaking antioxidant. (cdc.gov)
  • respiratory burst (the rapid release of Reactions of oxygen radicals with Mitochondrial oxidative phosphor- reactive oxygen species from cells) cel ular components can deplete an- ylation is a major source of oxy- that involves nicotinamide adenine tioxidants, can cause direct oxidative gen radicals of endogenous origin. (who.int)
  • Metabolism of glutathione peroxidase, can further inflammation, and - along with oth- many exogenous agents through cy- convert these reactive species to er radical species - play key roles tochrome P450-mediated reactions wate r (Benzie, 2000) . (who.int)
  • A number of endogenous systems, such as the aerobic metabolism and electron transport chains, generate highly reactive molecules with important biological functions known as reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). (bvsalud.org)
  • Unlike catabolic oxidation of drugs, or oxidative damage to DNA or proteins (which occurs stoichiometrically), oxidation of PUFAs is particularly pernicious, proceeding through a non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation chain reaction (LPO), whereby a single ROS species can initiate a runaway autoxidation process that does not need any additional ROS to propagate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lipids and proteins are attacked and oxidized, resulting in loss of chlorophyll and carotenoids and in leaky membranes which allow cells and cell organelles to dry and disintegrate rapidly. (weedscience.org)
  • Benzofuranes (WSSA Group 16), chlorocarbonic acids (Group 26), phosphorodithioates (Group 8), and thiocarbamates (Group 8) are examples of herbicides that are known inhibitors of several plant processes including: 1) biosynthesis of fatty acids and lipids which may account for reported reductions in cuticular wax deposition, 2) biosynthesis of proteins, isoprenoids (including gibberellins), and flavonoids (including anthocyanins), and 3) gibberellin synthesis inhibition which may result from the inhibition of kaurene synthesis. (weedscience.org)
  • This includes damage to lipids that make up the cell membrane, proteins that form the structure of skin and carry out metabolic processes, and DNA that carries the genes of the cell. (sagescript.com)
  • These readily undergo iron-catalyzed secondary free radical reactions leading to truncated products which retain the signature PE headgroup and which can readily react with nucleophilic moieties in proteins via their truncated electrophilic acyl chains. (cdc.gov)
  • Ferroptosis was induced the programmed cell death with iron overload Fenton reaction. (frontiersin.org)
  • Existing studies have confirmed that ferroptosis involves the metabolisms of the Fe, lipids, amino acid, each mechanism is mutually independent but interrelated, and they are formed a complex regulatory network. (frontiersin.org)
  • Ferroptosis is a unique form of cell death, dependent on iron and characterised by the accumulation of lipid peroxidation in the membranes. (canceractive.com)
  • German researchers suggested that these immortal cells, however, could be susceptible to ferroptosis, where their iron content works against them, causing lipid peroxidation (3). (canceractive.com)
  • however, Ferroptosis Suppressor Protein 1 is now known to block ferroptosis, but a changed amino acid metabolism, control of glucose and lipid levels along with minerals such as selenium appear to invoke change. (canceractive.com)
  • Ferroptosis is a type of cell death caused by radical-driven lipid peroxidation, leading to membrane damage and rupture. (dfg-ferroptosis.net)
  • Here we show that enzymatically produced sulfane sulfur (S 0 ) species, specifically hydropersulfides, scavenge endogenously generated free radicals and, thereby, suppress lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. (dfg-ferroptosis.net)
  • Ferroptosis is an iron dependent form of cell death, that is triggered by the discoordination of iron, lipids, and thiols. (cdc.gov)
  • Although phospholipid peroxidation has been associated with almost all known cell death programs, we chose to discuss enzymatic pathways activated during apoptosis and ferroptosis and leading to peroxidation of two phospholipid classes, cardiolipins (CLs) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs). (cdc.gov)
  • Antioxidants provide protection to living organisms from damage caused by uncontrolled production of ROS and concomitant lipid peroxidation, protein damage and DNA stand breaking. (intechopen.com)
  • Antioxidants are compounds that inhibit oxidation (usually occurring as autoxidation ), a chemical reaction that can produce free radicals . (wikipedia.org)
  • Antioxidants are an especially important class of preservatives as, unlike bacterial or fungal spoilage, oxidation reactions still occur relatively rapidly in frozen or refrigerated food. (wikipedia.org)
  • These molecules undergo free radical chain reactions, but antioxidants inhibit them by preventing the oxidation processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • 4 Hence, the concentrations of dietary pro-oxidants and antioxidants can affect lipid peroxidation of poultry products. (iranjournals.ir)
  • 10 The effective prevention of lipid peroxidation in poultry meat has been indicated by consumption of antioxidants. (iranjournals.ir)
  • Antioxidants work in two ways, chain breaking and prevention. (shopglobal.com)
  • Anti-/pro-oxidant effects of phenolic compounds in cells: are colchicine metabolites chain-breaking antioxidants? (cdc.gov)
  • Since EIN as well as two other colchicine metabolites, 2-demethylcolchicine (2DM) and 3-demethylcolchicine (3DM), possess a hydroxy-group on their carbon ring that could participate in radical scavenging, we tested whether they can act as chain-breaking antioxidants. (cdc.gov)
  • However, the latter retain high reactivity towards critical biomolecules in cells such as lipids, thiols, ascorbate, thereby, rendering colchicine metabolites effective radical scavengers but not effective chain-breaking antioxidants. (cdc.gov)
  • An antioxidant, quercetin scavenges free radicals and inhibits damage-perpetuating, post-injury lipid peroxidation . (healingtherapies.info)
  • Like quercetin, vitamin E is an antioxidant that protects neuronal membranes from lipid-peroxidation. (healingtherapies.info)
  • Dr. Royal Saunders and co-investigators (1987, Ohio) investigated the effects on lipid peroxidation of treating experimentally injured cats with a combination of vitamin E and another antioxidant, selenium. (healingtherapies.info)
  • C ompared to untreated controls, the spinal-cord tissue at the injury site of the antioxidant-treated cats had fewer molecules associated with lipid-peroxidation. (healingtherapies.info)
  • MSM also has proven antioxidant benefits, which can disrupt or alter damaging chain reactions of lipid peroxidation in the cell membranes. (healthsurgeon.com)
  • A chain-breaking antioxidant, such as vitamins A, C and E, stabilize free radicals or cause them to decay into harmless atomic structures. (shopglobal.com)
  • In fact, the unique chemical properties of supersulfides permit them to be readily ionized or radicalized, thereby allowing supersulfides to actively participate in redox reactions and antioxidant responses in cells. (nih.gov)
  • The only way to stop these series of oxidation reactions is with an antioxidant. (sagescript.com)
  • 45 (1989) 891] proposed that colchiceine (EIN) acts as an antioxidant and protective agent against lipid peroxidation in a rat model of liver injury. (cdc.gov)
  • However, the metabolites did exhibit dose-dependent depletion of glutathione, resembling the behavior of etoposide, a hindered phenol with antioxidant properties against lipid peroxidation. (cdc.gov)
  • GR and GST- and the lipid peroxidation hydroperoxides and free radicals. (who.int)
  • Its unique signature that distinguishes it from other forms of cell death is the formation and accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides, particularly oxidized forms of polyunsaturated phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), which drives cell death. (cdc.gov)
  • The lipid bilayer of the cell and organelle membranes contain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are key components of cell and organelle membranes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sperm cell membranes are high in polyunsaturated fatty acids and are sensitive to oxygen free radical induced damage mediated by lipid peroxidation. (scialert.net)
  • Polyunsaturated fatty acids in culinary oils undergo oxidative deterioration at temperatures of 150 °C (302 °F). The heating causes a free radical chain reaction, which oxidizes the PUFAs into hydroperoxide , which further decomposes into a complex mixture of secondary products. (wikipedia.org)
  • In living organisms, polyunsaturated fatty acids, more than other lipids, are affected by lipid peroxidation , which is the chain of reactions that leads to the oxidative degradation of lipids. (wikipedia.org)
  • Among these signaling lipids, a particular group of oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), so called lipid mediators, has been thoroughly investigated over several decades. (cdc.gov)
  • In a recent review by a group of Chinese scientists (4), they showed that amino acid and iron metabolism might bring about free radical formation and cause lipid peroxidation of the cancer cells. (canceractive.com)
  • Both triplet chlorophyll and singlet oxygen can abstract hydrogen from unsaturated lipids, producing a lipid radical and initiating a chain reaction of lipid peroxidation. (weedscience.org)
  • Lipid peroxyl radicals combine with other molecules that contain comparable radicals to create non-radical products during the process known as termination. (vedantu.com)
  • Our results further suggest that hydropersulfides terminate radical chain reactions through the formation and self-recombination of perthiyl radicals. (dfg-ferroptosis.net)
  • We propose that increased S 0 biosynthesis is an adaptive cellular response to radical-driven lipid peroxidation, potentially representing a primordial radical protection system. (dfg-ferroptosis.net)
  • 1. The inhibition of lipid peroxidation by rutin is related to the enhancement of SOD activity and the promotion of oxygen free radical scavenging. (zhonglanindustry.com)
  • Biomarkers of oxidative damage (DNA single-strand breaks, lipid peroxidation and free radical metabolism) and inflammation were determined using conventional biochemistry techniques. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With tight packaging of PUFAs in membranes, the oxidation of a single PUFA molecule rapidly leads to a chain reaction resulting in oxidation of hundreds to thousands of adjacent PUFA molecules. (wikipedia.org)
  • This change has no discernible impact on the normal biochemical properties of D-PUFAs - their distribution within the human body remains unchanged, they undergo all the normal enzyme catalysed PUFA reactions, they function normally in all cell and organelle membranes, but once the levels of these D-PUFAs in various membranes reach a concentration of about 15-20%, all non-enzymatic chain oxidation stops including that of the normal, nondeuterated PUFAs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lipid peroxidation is where free radicals steal electrons in a chain reaction causing oxidation of the fats in cell membranes. (canceractive.com)
  • Basically, after the initial mechanical injury, a complicated physiological chain reaction ge nerates free-radicals, which steal electrons from the lipids in neighboring neuronal membranes, resulting in further cell death. (healingtherapies.info)
  • For example, it is 1) lipophilic (i.e., affinity for fat or lipid), allowing it to diffuse through cell membranes and scavenge free radicals within the cells, 2) anti-inflammatory, and 3) anti-edematous, i.e., inhibits damage-causing swelling. (healingtherapies.info)
  • This process involves free radicals "stealing" electrons from the lipids in cell membranes, causing damage to the cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is linked to their high reactivity with polyunsaturated fats associated with phospholipids present in the cell membranes of oocytes and embryonic cells, leading to lipid peroxidation and involves a chain reaction until the death of the cell. (tecnozoo.it)
  • Phospholipids are a combination of phosphoric acid, nitrogenous base, and lipid. (vedantu.com)
  • Vitamin E binds to phospholipids and "traps" free radicals to avoid lipid peroxidation, a phenomenon we have mentioned and inevitably leads to permanent damage to the organism's cells and, in our case, to oocytes and embryonic cells. (tecnozoo.it)
  • Using our fluorescence-HPLC assay with metabolically incorporated oxidation-sensitive cis-parinaric acid (PnA) we studied the effects of colchicine metabolites on peroxidation of different classes of membrane phospholipids in HL-60 cells. (cdc.gov)
  • None of the colchicine metabolites in concentrations ranging from 10(-6) to 10(-4) M was able to protect phospholipids against peroxidation induced by either azo-initiators of peroxyl radicals or via myeloperoxidase (MPO)-catalyzed reactions in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. (cdc.gov)
  • This chemical reaction transfers electrons from an oxidant to a reductant. (sagescript.com)
  • This showed that Tongkat Ali could inhibit the chain reaction of free radicals that could be harmful to the body system. (oxkom.com)
  • Plant death results from events occurring in response to ALS inhibition and low branched-chain amino acid production, but the actual sequence of phytotoxic processes is unclear. (weedscience.com)
  • Molecular oxygen functions as the final electron acceptor in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, contributing to energy production in aerobic organisms. (nih.gov)
  • Polyphenols particularly the flavonoids have the ability to scavenge ROS and also to chelate the transition metal ions necessary for the generation of OH· through Fenton reaction [12]. (boffinaccess.com)
  • PUFAs are highly prone to oxidative damage through a purely chemical, non-enzymatic chain reaction. (wikipedia.org)
  • If healthy cells do not have enough glutathione, lipid peroxidation can damage them. (canceractive.com)
  • Oxidative damage of DNA molecules associated with electron-transfer reactions is an important phenomenon in living cells, which can lead to mutations and contribute to carcinogenesis and the aging processes. (intechopen.com)
  • The mechanism of exercise-induced myopathy could be the cell membrane damage by lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation in the working muscle cells by free radicals generation. (scielo.org.ar)
  • In addition to lipid and protein damage, ROS (namely secondary, injurious derivatives) have the capability of causing DNA single-stand breaks (SSB) and base oxidation [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tomatoes may benefit patients with type 2 diabetes: In one study, persons with diabetes who took cooked tomatoes for 30 days reduced lipid peroxidation, a chain reaction in which free radicals attack fat, causing damage that raises the risk of heart disease. (livingtheveganlifestyle.org)
  • Additionally, this process is brought on by the interaction of lipids with substances associated with oxygen. (vedantu.com)
  • What is now evident is that oxygen accounts for only a small number of redox reactions in organisms and knowledge of biological redox reactions is still quite limited. (nih.gov)
  • to superoxide or that "autoxidize", and when coupled with catalase Oxygen radicals clearly contribute to probably through reactions catalysed within peroxisomes or with cytosolic genomic instability, are produced by by transition metals. (who.int)
  • Free radicals in the body exploit the instability of PUFAs to trigger chain reactions that drive LPO and the resulting degradation of these vital PUFAs. (globenewswire.com)
  • The interruption of the peroxidation of fats at the membrane level by vitamin E (a chain reaction that, if not interrupted, leads to the death of the cell itself) is a degenerative phenomenon induced by free radicals (ROS). (tecnozoo.it)
  • Phenoxyl radicals of colchicine metabolites formed through MPO-catalyzed H(2)O(2)-dependent reactions in HL-60 cells and via HRP/H(2)O(2) in model systems can also oxidize GSH. (cdc.gov)
  • Lipid peroxidation is a crucial mechanism that occurs in both plants and mammals. (vedantu.com)
  • Co-infections in leprosy may change the web host immunity either by improving inflammation and injury resulting in reactions and neuritis [7], or depressing body's defence mechanism leading to higher bacterial load or relapses [8]. (researchensemble.com)
  • The results showed that the mechanism was that rosmarinic acid and unsaturated fatty acid competitively combined with lipid peroxy group to stop the chain reaction of lipid peroxidation and reduce the rate of lipid peroxidation, while rosmarinic acid was oxidized to quinone form. (zhenyibio.com)
  • In fatty acids the carbon atom of the methyl group at the end of the hydrocarbon chain is called the omega carbon because omega is the last letter of the Greek alphabet. (wikipedia.org)
  • These lipids are triacylglycerol (TAG) and wax esters, which include long-chain fatty acids. (vedantu.com)
  • The simplest fatty acid esters are waxes, which are also a kind of simple lipids. (vedantu.com)
  • The peroxyl-fatty acid chain reaction comes to a halt and is put on hold at this point. (vedantu.com)
  • The position of the carbon-carbon double bonds in carboxylic acid chains in fats is designated by Greek letters . (wikipedia.org)
  • Imidazolinones, pyrimidinylthiobenzoates, sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinones, sulfonylureas, and triazolopyrimidines are herbicides that inhibit acetolactate synthase (ALS), also called acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of the branched-chain amino acids isoleucine, leucine, and valine (LaRossa and Schloss 1984). (weedscience.com)
  • Sulfur and lipid combine to generate sulpholipids. (vedantu.com)
  • Additionally, these reactions necessitate long-term treatment with medications such as for example corticosteroids, thalidomide, and immunosuppressive agents [4] that are connected with many unwanted effects and raising morbidity. (researchensemble.com)
  • Isotope effect is observed when molecules containing heavier isotopes of the same atoms (for example, deuterium instead of hydrogen) are engaged in a chemical reaction at a slower rate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Vitamin E supplementation improves lipid profile, decreases insulin and HOMA-IR levels. (tocotrienolresearch.org)
  • Two hundred and fifty male 1-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of turmeric and cinnamon powders on meat quality and lipid peroxidation of broilers under heat stress condition. (iranjournals.ir)
  • Vitamin E quells lipid peroxidation chain reactions in cell layers and diminishes the multiplication of lipid progressives. (com.in)
  • ACD is a of Risk from Existing Knowledge (DEREK) may be delayed (type IV) hypersensitivity reaction to an useful to some extent in the initial screening of exogenous chemical mediated by T-cell-related potential sensitization hazard of chemicals in processes (1-3). (cdc.gov)
  • The process is complicated by the sensitive nature of PUFAs, leading to side reactions and colorization. (wikipedia.org)
  • The attenuation of metal/peroxide oxidative chemistry, as well as lipid peroxidation, appears to be the major chemical mechanisms by which NO may limit oxidative injury to mammalian cells. (researchgate.net)
  • Light sensitivity The conjugated double bond system in the side chain of vitamin A is sensitive to light and can flip between cis and trans forms on exposure to it. (pressbooks.pub)
  • Derived ultimately from cholesterol, vitamin D can be made in a reaction catalyzed by ultraviolet light. (pressbooks.pub)
  • In the reaction, the intermediate 7-dehydrocholesterol is converted to cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) by the uv light (Figure 2.229). (pressbooks.pub)
  • This is based on the available LC-MS identification and quantitative information on the respective peroxidation products of CLs and PEs. (cdc.gov)
  • We show that short-chain genotoxic alkanals and also medium-chain alkanals are specifically enriched in EAC and associated tissues, on a genetic background of reduced aldehyde detoxification. (nature.com)
  • 6,7 The oxidation of lipids is a main cause of meat quality deterioration and possibly functional, sensory and nutritive values reductions of meat products. (iranjournals.ir)
  • As any beginning student of biology has learned, oxidation reduction reactions are necessary for producing energy in the body. (sagescript.com)