Chain electron transport complex iv. Medical search. Frequent questions

However, alteration of Complex IV also facilitates mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in response to oxidative stress. (amherst.edu)
This key function of mitochondria is executed via oxidative phosphorylation, which is composed of four complexes (I through IV) of the electron transport chain that couple with complex V to produce energy as ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate). (fda.gov)
This study presents valuable findings on the organization of respiratory chain complexes in mitochondria. (elifesciences.org)
These findings indicate that in a mma-1/LRPPRC-deficient background, hyperfusion allows mitochondria to maintain their functions despite a reduction in complex IV activity. (cipsm.de)
And donating electrons to the electron transport chain within mitochondria . (compasslaboratory.com)
Methylene Blue functions as an alternative electron carrier in the electron transport chain in mitochondria. (compasslaboratory.com)
Cytochrome complex (cytochrome c) is a component of the electron transport chain in mitochondria . (compasslaboratory.com)
It happens in the matrix of mitochondria and is the main provider of electrons to the electron transport chain. (histocutup.co.uk)
The main point of the study was that the spatial arrangement of complexes in the mitochondria of T. thermophila physically alters the shape of the factory for optimal productivity. (evolutionnews.org)
Pyruvate may be reduced to lactate in the cytoplasm or may be transported into the mitochondria for anabolic reactions, such as gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis, or for oxidation to acetyl CoA by the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex (PDC). (bmj.com)
Mitochondrial complex activity assays, blue native gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE), Complex III immunoprecipitation, and an ATP assay were performed to examine the effects of diabetes on the status of respiratory complexes and energy levels in renal mitochondria. (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, of all four respiratory complexes only cytochrome c reductase (Complex-III) activity was significantly decreased, whereas two Complex III subunits, Core 2 protein and Rieske protein, were up regulated in the diabetic renal mitochondria. (biomedcentral.com)
Among the four respiratory complexes I through IV that comprise the electron transport chain, Complex-I and III are thought to be the major sources for superoxide generation within the mitochondria [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The 30-kDa membrane-bound c-type cytochrome protein of mitochondria that functions as an electron donor to CYTOCHROME C GROUP in the mitochondrial and bacterial RESPIRATORY CHAIN. (lookformedical.com)

Next we can think about the control of ATP synthesis by complex IV, synonymous with cytochrome c oxidase. (blogspot.com)
This creates a reduced species of cytochrome c, which separates from the b-c1 complex and moves to the last enzyme in the electron transport chain, cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV). (wikidoc.org)
Cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) catalyses the reduction of molecular oxygen to water and ATP synthase (complex V) generates ATP from ADP. (bmj.com)

Cyanide blocks the cellular electron transport mechanism and cellular respiration by inhibiting the mitochondrial ferricytochrome oxidase system and other enzymes. (scienceoxygen.com)
It is composed of the mitochondrial enzymes (also known as complexes I, II, III and IV) that transfer electrons from one complex to another, eventually resulting in the formation of ATP See adenosine triphosphate. " target="_blank" >ATP . (stanford.edu)
Similarly, PGC1α increases the transcription of enzymes necessary for substrate oxidation, electron transport, and ATP synthesis. (diabetesjournals.org)
The set of machines, each one irreducibly complex, performs "oxidative phosphorylation" (OxPhos) through an "electron transport chain" (ETC). Electrons from food are transferred by enzymes through Complexes I, II, III, and IV to pump protons into the intermembrane space. (evolutionnews.org)
In less than four minutes, viewers can watch how the proton motive force is generated by Complexes I-IV and their associated enzymes to power ATP synthase. (evolutionnews.org)
Most identifiable cases involve inherited or spontaneous mutations in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) or in one or more enzymes of the respiratory chain. (bmj.com)
2 4 A few cases have been reported that involve deficiencies in enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, such as fumarase, or of gluconeogenesis, such as pyruvate carboxylase (PC) or phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). (bmj.com)
Reduced coenzyme Q passes the electrons to cytochrome b and releases 2H+ into the mitochondrial matrix The oxidation of ubiquinol involves the successive action of 2 enzymes: a) - Ubiquinol (coenzyme Q) dehydrogenase which transfers electrons to cytochrome c. (drugstorepdfsearch.com)
The enzymes of the electron transport chain are organized in the inner mitochondrial membrane in the form of four enzyme complexes. (drugstorepdfsearch.com)
Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) are required to manage the production of ROS for cellular health [ 4 ] [ 5 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Then biochemical assays such as oxidative phosphorylation activity by respiratory chain enzymes were used to characterize enzyme disorders (eg, complex 1 or complex 3 deficiencies). (medlink.com)
They have an internal membrane comprising 4 complexes of the electron transport chain, ATP synthase, and special transports for metabolites, including citrate cycle enzymes and beta-oxidative enzymes. (biologyease.com)
Hearts from iron-deficient and anemic animals showed significantly decreased flux through pyruvate dehydrogenase and increased lactic acid production, consistent with tissue hypoxia and induction of genes coding for glycolytic enzymes and H+-monocarboxylate transport-4. (ox.ac.uk)
mtDNA encodes for 13 of the respiratory chain enzymes, along with 24 RNA molecules used in intramitrochondrial protein synthesis. (medscape.com)

Electron transport takes place between complexes I-IV and two mobile electron carriers (coenzyme Q and cytochrome c ). (elifesciences.org)
These include cytochromes, which are haem-containing proteins that use iron to carry electrons and coenzyme Q, which can transport both electrons and protons. (histocutup.co.uk)
SDH transports electrons to the ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) pool in the respiratory chain and catalyzes the oxidation of succinate to fumarate in the TCA cycle. (scientificarchives.com)
They are electron carriers transferring electrons from coenzyme Q to oxygen. (drugstorepdfsearch.com)
N.B. The mobile components of the electron transport chain include coenzyme Q and cytochrome c. (drugstorepdfsearch.com)
The sulfur and iron are thought to take part in the oxidation-reduction mechanism between flavoproteins and coenzyme Q as the iron atom in these complexes oscillates between oxidation and reduction that allows them to either give up or accept electrons. (drugstorepdfsearch.com)
The electron transport chain consists of 4 multimeric complexes (I to IV) plus 2 small electron carriers, coenzyme Q10 (or ubiquinone) and cytochrome c . (medlink.com)

During electron transport, complexes I, III, and IV pump protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, generating a proton gradient that provides the protonmotive force exploited by complex V to synthesize ATP. (elifesciences.org)
If the proton gradient becomes high enough it is no longer possible for electrons to force the extrusion of any more protons (or to be able to flow down the ETC to oxygen) so respiration slows. (blogspot.com)
The NADH and NADPH derived from various metabolic reactions in the mitochondrial matrix interact with the proteins of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and result in hydrogen ions (protons) being pumped out of the matrix into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes. (histocutup.co.uk)
The redox pumps are molecules I, III, and IV, and the transportation of the protons from the matrix produces an electrical proton gradient (motive proton) in the inner membrane. (biologyease.com)

Peter Mitchell's original concept, to which I have long-term "subscribed", was that electrons passed down the ETC to oxygen, generating a proton gradient, which generates ATP via ATP synthase. (blogspot.com)
The green line of respiration though complex IV, as soon as ATP synthase starts to generate ATP, begins to drop and limits respiration though complex IV with a maximum membrane potential at around 120mV, well below that 140mV needed for ROS generation. (blogspot.com)
This machinery is composed of five complexes labeled with Roman numerals I through V, with Complex V being the famous ATP synthase rotary engine. (evolutionnews.org)
It contains ATP synthase and transport proteins that control the movement of metabolites into and out of the matrix, which generates ATP in the matrix. (biologyease.com)

This step produces plenty of carbon dioxide and two electron-rich additional molecules, NADH and FADH2. (biologyease.com)
NADH and FADH2 donate their electrons to oxygen in this last chemical reaction, which leads to conditions suitable for ATP formation. (biologyease.com)
A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient. (cathdb.info)

They do this by allowing the proteins to undergo conformational changes, to reach specific subcellular localizations, or to form multimeric complexes [7]. (scientificarchives.com)

Cytochrome is a heme -containing subunit of the cytochrome b-c1 complex , which accepts electrons from Rieske protein and transfers electrons to cytochrome c in the mitochondrial respiratory chain . (wikidoc.org)

OXPHOS consists of two tightly regulated processes: electron transport and ATP synthesis. (elifesciences.org)
The passing on of the electrons removed as part of the hydrogen atoms to molecular O 2 with the simultaneous synthesis of ATP. (gsebsolutions.in)
Inhibition of electron transport by atovaquone results in inhibition of nucleic acid and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis in the parasites. (medscape.com)

Cytochrome C1 (also known as Complex III subunit 4 ) is a protein encoded by the CYC1 gene. (wikidoc.org)
As an iron-sulfur protein approaches the b-c1 complex, it accepts an electron from the cytochrome b subunit, then undergoes a conformational change to attach to cytochrome c1. (wikidoc.org)
Owing to subunit acquisition and extension, Complex I binds a dimer of Complex III that is tilted by 37 degrees . (evolutionnews.org)
One of the most intriguing findings is that a subunit of Complex IV called COX3 is split in two. (evolutionnews.org)
The 48 kDa subunit, RETINOBLASTOMA-BINDING PROTEIN 4, is also a component of several other protein complexes involved in chromatin remodeling. (lookformedical.com)
Although initially discovered as a retinoblastoma binding protein it has an affinity for core HISTONES and is a subunit of chromatin assembly factor-1 and polycomb repressive complex 2. (lookformedical.com)
It is found as a subunit of protein complexes that are in involved in the enzymatic modification of histones including the Mi2 and Sin3 histone deacetylase complexes and the polycomb repressive complex 2. (lookformedical.com)

The molecular machinery responsible for energy transformation is the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system, which is canonically composed of five multiprotein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. (elifesciences.org)
The electron carriers are found within four membrane-bound enzyme-complexes, which are imbedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. (drugstorepdfsearch.com)
It is a small molecule, which is soluble in lipid, so it is freely mobile in the inner mitochondrial membrane colleting reducing equivalents from the more fixed component of the respiratory chain. (drugstorepdfsearch.com)
Reducing equivalents produced in the Krebs cycle and in the beta-oxidation spirals are passed along a series of protein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane (the electron transport chain). (medlink.com)

Therefore, mitochondrial ribosomes engage with the OXA1L-insertase and membrane-associated proteins, which support membrane insertion of translation products and early assembly steps into OXPHOS complexes. (nih.gov)
PGC1α- and PGC1β-responsive OXPHOS genes show reduced expression in the muscle of patients with type 2 diabetes ( 3 , 4 ). (diabetesjournals.org)

Production of several reactive oxygen species damages Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA), proteins and lipids[ 3 ].It may also cause premature aging, sunburn and or skin cancer[ 4 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
Cyanide binds to the electron transport chain and prevents the transfer of electrons to oxygen, so it would stop NADH from being turned into NAD+. (scienceoxygen.com)
Cyanide combines with cytochrome oxidase and prevents the transfer of electrons to oxygen. (scienceoxygen.com)
The oxygen we inhale is the final electron acceptor. (evolutionnews.org)
In biologic systems, the cells use electron transport chain to transfer electrons stepwise from substrates to oxygen. (drugstorepdfsearch.com)
It collects reducing equivalents (hydrogen atoms and electrons) from substrates transferring it stepwise to be oxidized in a final reaction with oxygen to form water and energy. (drugstorepdfsearch.com)
b) - Cytochrome oxidase which transfers electrons from cyt c to oxygen. (drugstorepdfsearch.com)
Substrate oxidation electrons join the electron transport chain at complex I or complex II, and then flow successively to complex III, complex IV, and eventually to oxygen. (biologyease.com)

Reducing equivalents (NADH, FADH 2 ) are generated by reactions catalysed by the PDC and the tricarboxylic acid cycle and donate electrons (e - ) that enter the respiratory chain at NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) or at succinate ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex II). (bmj.com)
It contains three Fe-S centers and mediates electron transfer to the ubiquinone pool. (scientificarchives.com)
Atovaquone is a hydroxynaphthoquinone that inhibits the mitochondrial electron transport chain by competing with ubiquinone at the ubiquinone-cytochrome-c-reductase region (complex III). (medscape.com)

Overall, these results highlight the complex nature of organic matter transformation in NRZs and the microbial metabolic pathways that interact to mediate redox status and elemental cycling. (frontiersin.org)
Electron transport chain is a chain of catalysts of increasing redox potential. (drugstorepdfsearch.com)
It is also known as redox chain or respiratory chain. (drugstorepdfsearch.com)
It is simply a chain of hydrogen and electron carriers of increasing redox potential. (drugstorepdfsearch.com)
Formally, this redox change involves a single-electron, reversible equilibrium between the Fe(II) and Fe(III) states of the central iron atom (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p539). (lookformedical.com)

NAD+ is able to receive and transport electrons and is therefore important in many oxidation-reduction processes. (histocutup.co.uk)

In this Part 2, you will see four different protein complexes that make up the mitochondrial electron transport chain. (hstalks.com)

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). (cathdb.info)
Compared with individual exposures, co-exposure aerosols produced greater acellular and cellular oxidants detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and in vivo immune-spin trapping (IST), as well as synergistically increased lavage neutrophils, lavage proteins and inflammation related gene/protein expression. (cdc.gov)
Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) provides unique insight into biomacromolecular complexes by combining solvent contrast variation (H2O:D2O exchange) with either natural contrast between different classes of biomolecules (proteins, RNA/DNA, lipids/detergents) and/or by applying artificial contrast, i.e. deuteration of specific biomolecules. (lu.se)

High-energy electrons are stripped from nutrients and used to fuel the four Complexes of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETS), which use the electrons' energy to pump hydrogen ions across a membrane inside the organelle. (sens.org)

The 4977 base pair "common deletion" that accumulates in some aging cells encodes all of the mitochondrial tRNAs and the genes for seven subunits of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. (sens.org)

MB increases CMRO 2 (cerebral metabolic rate) through increased activity in the mitochondrial electron transport chain . (compasslaboratory.com)

Finally, the reduced flavoprotein is oxidised by NAD and transfers reducing equivalents to the respiratory chain via NADH. (bmj.com)

The red line is the rate of respiration through complex IV as a function of the delta psi generated. (blogspot.com)
Summary so far: The very high membrane voltages needed to inhibit respiration at complex IV will cause excess ROS generation. (blogspot.com)
There is a second system to control respiration through complex IV. (blogspot.com)
So we can limit respiration by inhibiting complex IV using this system at a membrane potential below 140mV with limited ROS generation or we can inhibit it at above 140mV accepting ROS generation using the Mitchell concept. (blogspot.com)
That's right: Ca2+ ions dephosphorylate complex IV to allow respiration to proceed to a higher membrane voltage with the acceptance of high ROS generation. (blogspot.com)
This prevents the electron transport chain (the last part of cellular respiration) from working, meaning that the cell can no longer produce ATP for energy. (scienceoxygen.com)
Cardiac function, utilizing the Vevo 2100 Imaging System, electron transport chain complex activities, and mitochondrial respiration assessed cardiac and mitochondrial function. (cdc.gov)
In knockout animals, complex I, III, and IV activities (approximately 2- to 6-fold) and fatty acid respiration (approximately 5-fold) were significantly increased. (cdc.gov)
The breaking of the C-C bonds of complex compounds through oxidation within the cells, leading to the release of a considerable amount of energy is called respiration. (gsebsolutions.in)

The peak values of delta psi and ROS generation are under succinate oxidation and delta psi is modified using either an uncoupler or complex II inhibitor, so, as so often, we are a long way from physiology here but the general principle that ROS generation rises rapidly above a threshold delta psi appears to hold good today. (blogspot.com)
Complex II of the chain is the succinate dehydrogenase enzyme complex. (histocutup.co.uk)

The figure shows how the complexes are tightly packed together like pieces of a puzzle. (evolutionnews.org)

Cyanide is a gas that inhibits complex IV of the electron transport chain. (scienceoxygen.com)
Antimycin is a fungal antibiotic that inhibits complex III of the electron transport chain. (scienceoxygen.com)

The pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) multienzyme complex (PDC). (bmj.com)

We conducted a 20-day microcosm experiment in which NRZ sediments, which were enriched in buried woody plant material, served as the sole source of electron donors and microorganisms. (frontiersin.org)

For western blots, incubate membrane with diluted primary antibody in 5% w/v BSA, 1X TBS, 0.1% Tween ® 20 at 4°C with gentle shaking, overnight. (cellsignal.com)
The inner membrane houses the mitochondrial respiratory chain . (histocutup.co.uk)
Describe how the macro molecules are transported across the plasma membrane. (medical-junction.com)

We identified TMEM223 as a ribosome-associated protein involved in complex IV biogenesis. (nih.gov)
Moreover, we show that SMIM4 together with C12ORF73 interacts with newly synthesized cytochrome b to support initial steps of complex III biogenesis in complex with UQCC1 and UQCC2. (nih.gov)
Our analyses define the interactome of the human mitochondrial ribosome and reveal novel assembly factors for complex III and IV biogenesis that link early assembly stages to the translation machinery. (nih.gov)
Here, we show that attenuating the biogenesis of individual respiratory chain complexes was accompanied by increased formation of stable SCs, which are missing in Drosophila melanogaster in physiological conditions. (elifesciences.org)
Therefore, we conclude that SC formation is necessary to stabilize the complexes in suboptimal biogenesis conditions, but not for the enhancement of respiratory chain catalysis. (elifesciences.org)

Cytochrome C1 plays a role in the electron transfer during oxidative phosphorylation . (wikidoc.org)
A bacterial protein from Pseudomonas, Bordetella, or Alcaligenes which operates as an electron transfer unit associated with the cytochrome chain. (lookformedical.com)
A simulation using FLUKA is shown in the worst case of electron loss at the bend magnet T85 of the transfer line from the 100 MeV racetrack Microtron. (lu.se)

Inactivation of mitochondrial respiratory complexes or alteration of their critical subunits can lead to generation of mitochondrial oxidants, mitochondrial damage, and organ injury. (biomedcentral.com)

Mutations in the CYC1 gene are associated with mitochondrial complex III deficiency nuclear type 6. (wikidoc.org)
[6] Mitochondrial complex III deficiency nuclear type 6 is autosomal recessive . (wikidoc.org)

In large doses, cyanide quickly binds with iron in cytochrome a3, preventing electron transport in the cytochrome. (scienceoxygen.com)

The initiating event in the cellular response to red light involves the absorption of photons by Complex IV of the electron transport chain. (amherst.edu)
Interaction of a high-intensity optical laser beam with a solid target can generate `hot' electrons, which generate radiation hazards (mainly bremsstrahlung photons and neutrons) from interaction of hot electrons with target and the surrounding materials. (lu.se)

Spectrometric measurement of the activity of the four electron transport chain complexes in total cardiac lysates showed that the activities of Complexes I and IV were reduced in the hearts of iron-deficient animals. (ox.ac.uk)

The BN-PAGE data suggested that Complex III failed to assemble correctly, which could also explain the compensatory upregulation of specific Complex III subunits. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, further studies indicated that two Complex III subunits were induced following diabetes. (biomedcentral.com)

To overcome the lack of suitable in vitro models that faithfully recapitulate the intricate three-dimensional architecture, complex cellular interactions, and fluid dynamics within the SAS, we have developed a perfusion bioreactor-based 3D in vitro model using primary human meningothelial cells (MECs) to generate meningeal tissue constructs. (biomedcentral.com)

2. State different types of transport of molecule across biomembrane. (medical-junction.com)
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. (lookformedical.com)
the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. (lookformedical.com)

So, It forms a bridge between flavoproteins, which can carry 2 hydrogen atoms, and cytochrome b, which can carry one electron only. (drugstorepdfsearch.com)

Reducing mma-1/ LRPPRC function also decreases the activity of complex IV of the electron transport chain, however without affecting cellular ATP levels. (cipsm.de)
Our data reveal an evolutionary conserved mechanism that is triggered by reduced complex IV function and that induces mitochondrial hyperfusion to transiently compensate for a drop in the activity of the electron transport chain. (cipsm.de)
Additionally, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to estimate stability and flexibility of best complexes, while collagenase activity colorimetric assay was carried out to study the effects of (1), (2) and (3) on collagenase. (ijpsonline.com)
We did not observe significant differences between wild-type and mutant pre-clinical models in the activity of mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I, complex II, complex III or complex IV. (michaeljfox.org)
Consumers are sharing transport with one another outside of formal channels and digital marketplaces, decreasing government visibility over some activity. (opengovasia.com)

4 Cluster of Excellence 'Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells' (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. (nih.gov)

Catalysis of the reaction: 4 ferrocytochrome c + O2 + 4 H+ = 4 ferricytochrome c + 2 H2O. (cathdb.info)

one was SDHB in complex II and a mitochondrial carrier protein SLC25A12. (diabetesjournals.org)
This enzyme is also part of the citric acid cycle and uses the electron carrier flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD/FADH). (histocutup.co.uk)
Mention charecterestics of Carrier Mediated Transport. (medical-junction.com)

The resulting hydroxyethyl-TPP complex reacts with oxidised lipoamide (LipS 2 ), the prosthetic group of dihydrolipoamide transacetylase (E 2 ), to form acetyl lipoamide. (bmj.com)

Glucose is first converted into pyruvate and then transported into the matrix. (biologyease.com)

It consists of a cluster of cysteine residues which complex iron through covalent bonds with the sulfur of cysteine. (drugstorepdfsearch.com)

SDH is a mitochondrial enzyme (complex II) that participates in both the TCA cycle and the mitochondrial electron transport chain. (scientificarchives.com)
In a second example, the stoichiometry and internal topology of a highly symmetric, hetero-dodecameric aminopeptidase enzyme complex is revealed by SANS, and conclusions on the assembling process can be drawn in combination with EM data [3]. (lu.se)

Diagnostic electron microscopy has two advantages over enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and nucleic acid amplification tests. (cdc.gov)

Mammalian mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) complexes are able to associate into quaternary structures named supercomplexes (SCs), which normally coexist with non-bound individual complexes. (elifesciences.org)

It provides solid evidence that respiratory supercomplex formation in the fruit fly does not impact respiratory function, suggesting the role of these complexes is structural, rather than catalytic. (elifesciences.org)
1100 nm emission) Near-Infrared (NIR) imaging using indocyanine green (ICG) to track and define the role of the notch ligand Delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4) in mediating vascular injury in two late-responding radiosensitive organs: the lung and kidney. (bvsalud.org)
Nevertheless, the role that hyperglycemia has on renal mitochondrial respiratory complex function has not been thoroughly investigated. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy23

Organisms22

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs131

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes49

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Mitochondria14

Cytochrome c oxida3

Enzymes14

Coenzyme7

Protons4

Synthase4

NADH and FADH23

Multimeric complexes1

Accepts electrons1

Synthesis3

Subunit7

Inner mitochon4

OXPHOS2

Oxygen8

Ubiquinone3

Redox5

Oxidation-reduction1

Protein complexes1

Proteins3

Pump1

Genes1

Metabolic1

Transfers1

Respiration9

Succinate2

Tightly1

Inhibits2

Dehydrogenase1

Donors1

Membrane3

Biogenesis5

Transfer3

Alteration1

Mitochondrial complex2

Binds1

Photons2

Cardiac1

Subunits2

Generate1

Molecule3

Hydrogen atoms1

Activity5

Molecular1

Catalysis1

Carrier3

Prosthetic group1

Glucose1

Consists1

Enzyme complex2

Assay1

Mammalian1

Role3