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Cervical VertebraeCervical AtlasAge Determination by SkeletonKlippel-Feil SyndromeAxisThoracic VertebraeGreek WorldByzantiumSpineLumbar VertebraeCephalometryCatarrhiniMusculoskeletal AbnormalitiesCarpal BonesSpinal DiseasesAlouattaHand BonesAtelinaeDinosaursX-Ray Intensifying ScreensVertebral ArteryIntervertebral DiscBone ScrewsSpinal NeoplasmsInternal FixatorsBone DevelopmentOdontoid ProcessScapulaSpinal FusionMalocclusionTomography, X-Ray ComputedNeckGenes, HomeoboxBone and BonesSpinal FracturesDog DiseasesScoliosisHomeodomain ProteinsSacrumVertebroplastyRibsFractures, CompressionMagnetic Resonance ImagingSpondylolysisKyphosisPolymethyl MethacrylateSex FactorsSpinal CurvaturesTailSpinal CanalWeight-BearingBiomechanical PhenomenaCadaverLumbosacral RegionBone CementsOrthopedic Fixation DevicesKyphoplastyCompressive StrengthBone DensityTuberculosis, SpinalOsteoporosis
LumbarTransverseAxisMorphometric evaluation of cervicalEight cervicalMassagerNECK VERTEBRAELigamentsSeven vertebraeNervesFractureSeventhSkullAtlas vertebraAnatomy of the cervicalFlexionInjuriesMaturationIntervertebralSixthCarotidCartilageSkeletalNerveFacetRadiographsBoneVertebral columnProtect the spinal cordInjuryAnteriorForamenRibsInferiorDiagramMusclesForaminaUpperSubaxialBodiesAxialSpinous processBonySmallestIncomplete
Lumbar12
  • Truncal vertebrae (divided into thoracic and lumbar vertebrae in mammals) lie caudal (toward the tail) of cervical vertebrae. (wikipedia.org)
  • In humans, cervical vertebrae are the smallest of the true vertebrae and can be readily distinguished from those of the thoracic or lumbar regions by the presence of a foramen (hole) in each transverse process, through which the vertebral artery, vertebral veins, and inferior cervical ganglion pass. (wikipedia.org)
  • The lumbar vertebrae are the largest movable bones of the backbone. (healthline.com)
  • This enlarged lumbar vertebrae model shows a unique view into the anatomy of a single lumbar vertebrae. (anatomywarehouse.com)
  • The replica highlights many areas of the lumbar vertebrae, including the annulus fibrosus rings. (anatomywarehouse.com)
  • Set of 3 vertebrae - cervical, thoracic and lumbar from our Indri Lemur Skeleton SC-282 . (boneclones.com)
  • Starting from the top of your spine, you have seven cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, and five lumbar vertebrae. (yogauonline.com)
  • The cervical vertebrae are in your neck region , the thoracic in your chest region, and the lumbar are in your low back. (yogauonline.com)
  • For example, the third cervical vertebra (counting from the top down) would be C3, and the second lumbar vertebra would be L2, and so on. (yogauonline.com)
  • In cases of more severe spondylolisthesis, Grades III and IV where conservative treatment methods are ineffective, surgical intervention, such as lumbar fusion, may be required if the vertebra continue to slip and if there is nerve compression. (memorialhermann.org)
  • Lumbar Fusion is a spinal procedure which minimizes the movement of the vertebrae, corrects a deformity, improves stability or reduces pain generated in the joint located in your lower back by surgically fusing together two or more vertebrae in your spine. (memorialhermann.org)
  • The cervical spine is much more mobile than the thoracic or lumbar regions of the spine. (medscape.com)
Transverse4
  • The vertebral transverse processes of mammals are homologous to the cervical ribs of other amniotes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The transverse processes are each pierced by the foramen transversarium, which, in the upper six vertebrae, gives passage to the vertebral artery and vein, as well as a plexus of sympathetic nerves. (wikipedia.org)
  • The transverse ligament lies anteriorly between the 2 lateral masses of C1 and just posteriorly to the odontoid process of the C2 vertebra, or axis (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • Unlike the other parts of the spine, the cervical spine has transverse foramina in each vertebra for the vertebral arteries that supply blood to the brain. (medscape.com)
Axis12
  • The atlas (C1) and axis (C2) are the two topmost vertebrae. (wikipedia.org)
  • The atlas (C1) is the topmost vertebra, and along with the axis forms the joint connecting the skull and spine. (wikipedia.org)
  • This set of Axis Scientific's enlarged vertebrae models is perfect for studying the three distinct types of vertebrae in the human spine. (anatomywarehouse.com)
  • The toothlike process on the upper surface of the axis, which articulates with the CERVICAL ATLAS above. (lookformedical.com)
  • Anatomic description of the Atlas, the Axis and the Prominent vertebra, the first second and cervical vartebra. (cloudaccess.net)
  • The term lower cervical spine injury refers to the Injury of the subaxial cervical spine or that is below axis. (boneandspine.com)
  • Cervical vertebrae, the atlas and the axis. (medscape.com)
  • Overview This life-size Axis Scientific 3 Part Human Skull and Cervical Vertebrae with 8 Part Brain features natural coloring, realistic textures and bony landmarks including foramina and styloid processes. (anatomywarehouse.com)
  • The Axis Scientific occipital bone with C1 and C2 vertebrae anatomy model replicates the trapezoid shaped bone located at the base of the skull, mounted on a white base with the atlas and axis bones. (anatomywarehouse.com)
  • Axis Scientific has taken its high quality 3-piece didactic human skull model and mounted it on a flexible cervical spine that includes details of the nerves and vertebral arteries. (anatomywarehouse.com)
  • Thus, children with Down syndrome and on the second vertebra (axis)3. (bvsalud.org)
  • The upper cervical spine consists of the atlas (C1) and the axis (C2). (medscape.com)
Morphometric evaluation of cervical3
  • This study aimed to create a plenary and exact deliniation and morphometric evaluation of cervical ver-tebrae in rabbits. (ac.ir)
  • This study presents a complete and precise description and morphometric evaluation of cervical vertebrae in rabbits using CT scan. (ac.ir)
  • Geometric morphometric evaluation of cervical vertebrae shape and its relationship to skeletal maturation. (bvsalud.org)
Eight cervical3
  • Even though there are only seven cervical vertebrae, there are eight cervical spinal cord segments and spinal nerves. (yogauonline.com)
  • There are a total of eight cervical nerve roots. (boneandspine.com)
  • Buckling of the cervical spine, involving extension between the third and sixth cervical vertebrae and flexion between the seventh and eight cervical vertebrae, was observed. (nih.gov)
Massager2
  • Introducing the 6 Modes Electric Neck Tens Unit Cervical Vertebra Massager Pain Relief Device - your ultimate solution to muscle pain, soreness, and body aches. (feelgoodlivefree.com)
  • Say goodbye to muscle pain and discomfort with the 6 Modes Electric Neck Tens Unit Cervical Vertebra Massager Pain Relief Device. (feelgoodlivefree.com)
NECK VERTEBRAE1
  • This causes compression of the neck vertebrae and can also cause the first rib to get pulled upward, narrowing the space available for the brachial plexus to pass between the first rib and the collarbone. (selfcare4rsi.com)
Ligaments3
  • This is where ligaments and muscles attach to the vertebra. (healthline.com)
  • Many ligaments , or bands of connective tissue, wrap around the spinal column and connect its vertebrae. (healthline.com)
  • Non-surgical treatment - Cervical Spine Stability and Restoring Lordosis -Making a case for regeneration and repair of the spinal ligaments. (caringmedical.com)
Seven vertebrae4
Nerves4
  • The cervical spinal nerves emerge from above the cervical vertebrae. (wikipedia.org)
  • The replica highlights many areas of the cervical vertebrae, including the annulus fibrosus rings around the nucleus pulposus, spinal cord with simulated dorsal and ventral roots, spinal nerves, vertebral arteries, and major bony landmarks of the cervical vertebrae. (anatomywarehouse.com)
  • The confusion about the mysterious eighth cervical vertebra comes from the very similar or same naming of the spinal nerves. (yogauonline.com)
  • At the atlas vertebra, cerebral nerves, arteries, veins, spinal cord and spinal fluid pass through the opening at the base of the skull. (atlasprofilax.ch)
Fracture3
  • Fracture to any vertebra is considered a medical emergency, but damage to the cervical vertebrae is especially critical. (healthline.com)
  • Fracture and injury to the C2 vertebra is common with high-force trauma, and may cause death or paralysis. (healthline.com)
  • A 28-year-old man with 15 years' riding experience was thrown to the ground while riding a bull and suffered a fracture of the fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae and an incomplete * spinal cord injury. (cdc.gov)
Seventh3
  • VBH had an invariable measure from the second to seventh cervical vertebrae. (ac.ir)
  • SPH had an invariable measure from the second cervical vertebra to the sixth one, then once more it increased at the location of the seventh cervical vertebra and was invariable up to the first thoracic vertebra. (ac.ir)
  • The first root leaves above the atlas and last [C8] exits between the seventh cervical vertebra and the first thoracic level. (boneandspine.com)
Skull7
  • In tetrapods, cervical vertebrae (SG: vertebra) are the vertebrae of the neck, immediately below the skull. (wikipedia.org)
  • By convention, the cervical vertebrae are numbered, with the first one (C1) closest to the skull and higher numbered vertebrae (C2-C7) proceeding away from the skull and down the spine. (wikipedia.org)
  • C1: The first vertebra in the column closest to the skull is also known as the atlas . (healthline.com)
  • This stock illustration depicts a lateral view of the adult skull and cervical vertebrae. (doereport.com)
  • The C1 vertebra, or atlas, is ring-shaped, has large lateral masses, and attaches to the occipital condyles of the skull, providing support. (medscape.com)
  • We will sit with the patient and their spouse or partner and then tell them that we believe many of their symptoms are coming from compression of their jugular vein, the compression is being caused by pressure from the cervical vertebrae or a problem with the styloid process at the base of the skull and possible carotid artery syndrome. (caringmedical.com)
  • As the first cervical vertebra, the atlas not only carries the skull, but also is responsible for the suspension, equilibrium and management of the spine and skeleton. (atlasprofilax.ch)
Atlas vertebra3
  • The atlas vertebra was named after the Greek titan who was punished by Zeus to carry the world and heavens on his shoulders for an eternity. (atlasprofilax.ch)
  • Trauma such as whiplash, slips and falls, or any sports injuries can push or pull the atlas vertebra in an even worse position, and therefore may be the cause of many health problems. (atlasprofilax.ch)
  • The malrotation of the atlas vertebra can be accurately and safely corrected by the sustainable and unique AtlasPROfilax® method with usually only one application. (atlasprofilax.ch)
Anatomy of the cervical1
  • Conclusion: Successful surgical management in degenerative, traumatic, and neoplastic diseases of the cervical spine needs well-detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the cervical spinal column. (ipindexing.com)
Flexion2
  • Traditionally, the mechanisms of injury to the cervical spine have been associated with flexion and extension motions of the head and neck. (nih.gov)
  • The ligamentous laxity and It is imperative that health care professionals generalized hypotonia are characteristics that be aware about the presence of this condition, since contribute to the change of alignment in the atlanto- physical activity involving cervical flexion may cause axial segment in children with Down syndrome1,2. (bvsalud.org)
Injuries10
  • It includes injuries to C3-C7 vertebra and adjoining structures. (boneandspine.com)
  • Lower cervical spine injuries are very common and are associated with substantial mortality and morbidity. (boneandspine.com)
  • Motor-vehicle accidents, falls, and accidents resulting from recreational activities or sports are the leading causes of injuries to the lower cervical spine. (boneandspine.com)
  • The most frequent cervical injuries in athletes are probably acute strains and sprains of the musculature of the neck, as well as soft-tissue contusions. (medscape.com)
  • Practically, a cervical sprain may be difficult to differentiate from a strain, and the 2 injuries often occur simultaneously. (medscape.com)
  • The mainstay of prevention and treatment of cervical spine injuries is maintaining good strength and flexibility through conditioning. (medscape.com)
  • Cervical spine injuries occur in an estimated 10-15% of football players, most commonly in defensive ends, linemen, and linebackers. (medscape.com)
  • Among high school ice hockey players, a study showed that cervical spine injuries occurred at a rate of 2.44 per 100,000 athlete exposure. (medscape.com)
  • However, the classification of the mechanism of the injuries was descriptive of the local deformations of the cervical spine at the time of the injury. (nih.gov)
  • The tissue injury and clinical signs and symptoms of cervical spine strain/sprain injuries are treated during the acute phase of rehabilitation. (medscape.com)
Maturation4
  • The vertebrae were analyzed according to a modified Hassel & Farma´s method, which analyzed the bottom edges of C2, C3 and C4, and the vertebral bodies of C3 and C4 by assigning one of six maturation stages (1-be-ginning, 2-acceleration, 3-transition, 4-deceleration, 5-maturation and 6-ending). (bvsalud.org)
  • The results were presented in tables for each vertebra, where, from the average, a single stage of maturation was obtained. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cervical vertebrae shape has been proposed as a diagnostic factor for assessing skeletal maturation in orthodontic patients . (bvsalud.org)
  • Introduction: The Cervical Vertebrae Maturation(CVM) method has been proposed by Baccetti et al to be a useful technique in assessing skeletal maturity that does not require any additional radiation exposure to the patient other than the standard two-dimensional(2D) lateral cephalograph. (unc.edu)
Intervertebral2
  • Intervertebral discs , small cartilage cushions, pad the spaces between the vertebrae. (healthline.com)
  • The lower cervical spine that permits motion through intervertebral discs and facet joints and is limited by the anterior longitudinal ligament and posterior ligamentous complex. (boneandspine.com)
Sixth2
  • The general characteristics of the third through sixth cervical vertebrae are described here. (wikipedia.org)
  • The anterior tubercle of the sixth cervical vertebra is known as the carotid tubercle or Chassaignac tubercle (for Édouard Chassaignac). (wikipedia.org)
Carotid1
  • The carotid tubercle is also used as a landmark for anaesthesia of the brachial plexus and cervical plexus. (wikipedia.org)
Cartilage2
  • Bones cartilage joints, Cervical vertebrae. (stanford.edu)
  • As the disc cartilage degenerates, a vertebra can slip forward or backward onto an adjacent vertebra. (memorialhermann.org)
Skeletal1
  • Conclusion: The use of the CVM technique with 3D models of the cervical vertebrae to assess skeletal maturity appears to be less accurate when compared to the traditional 2D lateral cephalograph, and thus may not be advantageous to utilize in patient evaluation. (unc.edu)
Nerve2
  • For example, the cervical spinal nerve 3 (C3) passes above C3. (wikipedia.org)
  • Atlantoaxial instability: C1 and C2 hypermobility causes cervical spine instability and artery, vein, and nerve compression. (caringmedical.com)
Facet1
  • A sprain refers to a ligamentous injury, and the diagnosis of cervical sprain implies that the ligamentous and capsular structures connecting the cervical facet joints and vertebrae have been damaged. (medscape.com)
Radiographs1
  • Conclusion: Changes observed in the used human cervical vertebrae radiographs showed to be useful to assist in age estimation, contributing to the forensic dentistry expert´s activity before identification cases. (bvsalud.org)
Bone6
  • The superior and inferior articular processes of cervical vertebrae have fused on either or both sides to form articular pillars, columns of bone that project laterally from the junction of the pedicle and lamina. (wikipedia.org)
  • Objective: To verify the viability of bone age determination by the cervical vertebrae, focusing on its use by forensic dentistry expert´s activity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Results: There is a strong correlation between the main age and bone age obtained from cervical vertebrae, resulting in r=0.8534. (bvsalud.org)
  • Each vertebra (except C1 and C2) has a common body anteriorly and a ring of bone formed by the laminae and pedicles posteriorly. (medscape.com)
  • Spondylolisthesis is a condition of the spine which results from one of the vertebrae slipping forward or backward and onto the bone underneath. (memorialhermann.org)
  • C3 -4 cervical vertebrae) or the body of the hyoid bone (C3) [1]. (who.int)
Vertebral column1
  • The tenth thoracic vertebra (T10) is one of twelve vertebrae that make up the central section of the vertebral column. (healthline.com)
Protect the spinal cord1
  • Because the spine consists of 24 vertebrae along the back that protect the spinal cord, spondylolisthesis can occur anywhere along the spine. (memorialhermann.org)
Injury12
  • In trauma patients, it should be assumed that there is an injury to the cervical spine unless ruled out. (boneandspine.com)
  • Cervical spine injury has been known to occur in as many as 4.5% cases of blunt trauma. (boneandspine.com)
  • The cervical spine is a mobile region enabling mobility in various planes and during any trauma, the head can act as a significant lever arm on the cervical spine and creating a wide range of injury patterns. (boneandspine.com)
  • The relatively minor trauma is able to cause injury in the second group because the cervical spondylosis predisposes the cervical cord to injury by diminishing the space. (boneandspine.com)
  • Key components in cervical spine injury are force/load transmission and kinematics (motion). (boneandspine.com)
  • Mostly, cervical spine injury occurs due to both components being present in different proportions. (boneandspine.com)
  • Cervical spine injury alters both load transmission and the kinematics of the cervical spine. (boneandspine.com)
  • The cervical spinal column is extremely vulnerable to injury. (boneandspine.com)
  • Observable motion of the head did not correspond to the mechanism of the injury to the cervical spine. (nih.gov)
  • If no neurologic history or deficit is present in a patient with a cervical strain and/or sprain, the athlete should use ice packs for 15-20 minutes every 1-2 hours or have an ice massage for 5-10 minutes every 1-2 hours during the early management of the injury. (medscape.com)
  • The reactive cervical spasm and tightness after an injury can produce a loss of ROM and chronic contractures if not corrected. (medscape.com)
  • While the athlete undergoes progressive rehabilitation for a cervical injury, stationary bicycling provides a way of maintaining aerobic fitness and an athlete's competitive weight. (medscape.com)
Anterior2
  • This study aimed to investigate the mid- to long-term outcomes of cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for the treatment of 1-level or 2-level symptomatic cervical disc disease. (nih.gov)
  • This meta-analysis showed that cervical disc arthroplasty was superior over anterior discectomy and fusion for the treatment of symptomatic cervical disc disease in terms of overall success, NDI success, neurological success, implant/surgery-related serious adverse events, secondary procedure, functional outcomes, patient satisfaction and recommendation, and superior adjacent segment degeneration. (nih.gov)
Foramen6
  • Background: Literature shows multiple variations within the foramen transversarium of the cervical vertebrae. (ipindexing.com)
  • Aim: To study the morphometry of foramen transversarium of the cervical vertebrae on both sides. (ipindexing.com)
  • Materials and Methods: The foramen transversarium of three-hundred-fifty dry human cervical vertebras of unknown age and sex was studied. (ipindexing.com)
  • On 21 (6%) vertebrae the accessory foramen was noted on both sides of the vertebra and in the remaining 45 (13%), it was observed on one side. (ipindexing.com)
  • A significant increase in the diameter of the foramen transversarium was observed on the left side of all vertebras studied. (ipindexing.com)
  • Accessory foramen, Cervical vertebra, Foramen transversarium. (ipindexing.com)
Ribs2
Inferior1
  • the former is placed on a lower level than the latter, and its inferior border is prolonged downward, so as to overlap the upper and forepart of the vertebra below. (wikipedia.org)
Diagram1
Muscles2
  • Cervical muscles that are commonly strained include the sternocleidomastoid (SCM), the trapezius, the rhomboids, the erector spinae, the scalenes, and the levator scapulae. (medscape.com)
  • however, a mask and snorkel should be used to avoid aggravation of the cervical muscles that is encountered as the neck is rotated during breathing when swimming. (medscape.com)
Foramina2
  • Results: Among 350 vertebrae studied, the accessory foramina was noted in 66 (19%) vertebrae. (ipindexing.com)
  • In both unilateral and bilateral cases, the increased incidence of accessory foramina was noted more in the C6 vertebra. (ipindexing.com)
Upper4
  • C1 and C2 along with C2-C3 joint are considered upper cervical spine whereas below that is lower cervical spine. (boneandspine.com)
  • nov. is described from well-preserved remains from the new Upper Cretaceous locality of Velaux-La Bastide Neuve (Aix-en-Provence Basin, France). (researchgate.net)
  • from the new Upper Cretaceous locality of V elaux-La Bastide Neuve (Aix-en-Provence Basin, France). (researchgate.net)
  • The cervical spine may be divided into 2 parts: upper and lower. (medscape.com)
Subaxial2
Bodies3
  • The bodies of these four vertebrae are small, and broader from side to side than from front to back. (wikipedia.org)
  • The bodies of the vertebrae are connected to one another. (healthline.com)
  • Any of the 23 plates of fibrocartilage found between the bodies of adjacent VERTEBRAE. (lookformedical.com)
Axial1
  • One can consider an axial compressive load applied to a single cervical vertebra as a fundamentally pure example of load transmission. (boneandspine.com)
Spinous process1
  • C7: The last of the cervical vertebrae, C7 has an extra-long spinous process. (healthline.com)
Bony1
  • The cervical spine can get injured by various mechanisms that lead to bony or ligamentous failure. (boneandspine.com)
Smallest2
  • The vertebrae that make up the cervical spine are the smallest seven within the spinal column. (healthline.com)
  • The cervical vertebrae are by far the smallest and most delicate among the mobile vertebrae of the spine. (yogauonline.com)
Incomplete1
  • Inventarnummer: GMH Ce I-5822-1926 Paralectotypus, Taxon: Eoconstrictor spinifer Objekt: An isolated complete cervical vertebra and an isolated Incomplete trunk vertebra (missing large part of the ventral surface of centrum), Zitat: Barnes 1926, Jb. (uni-halle.de)