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DorsalSecond vertebraAxisSacrumOdontoid ProcessName from the vertebraePortion of the vertebraNeckSacral vertebraSpinous processLaminaeTypes of vertebraeRibsDensSPINAL COLUMNAtlasLateralPostaxialUpperLumbar spineArticularBonesTransverse processPelvisPediclesForaminaVertebrate speciesIntervertebral DiscSpine is madeIncompleteStructurallyProtect the spinalBoneBonyStenosisVentralVertebral foramenSagittalTransitionalFacetsNerveDislocationBodyOsseousTallerAbnormalBodiesCartilaginous
Dorsal10
  • The neural spine of the second anterior caudal vertebra of Agustinia shows an elliptical surface in dorsal view, wider than long due to the wellprominent laterodorsal margins of the ll ( Figure 8B). (researchgate.net)
  • The ll is on the posterior half of the neural spine, showing a sinusoidal shape in lateral view, with the ventral portion posteriorly directed and a gently anteriorly bevelling close to the dorsal surface of the spine, as seen in the caudal vertebra of Cathartesaura (Gallina and Apesteguia 2005). (researchgate.net)
  • The dorsal vertebrae of Gordodon have long neural spines that bear numerous, randomly arranged, small, thorn-like tubercles. (palaeo-electronica.org)
  • The absence of any pleurocoels in the axis or in any anterior dorsal vertebrae suggests that the new Lufeng theropod is relatively primitive and more plesiomorphic than most of the Middle to Late Jurassic theropods from China. (blogspot.com)
  • Also, this new diapophysis exists towards neural arc, the new zygapophyses try proportionally larger than much more anterior spinal vertebrae, the newest postzygapophyses run out of epipophyses, and also the transverse expansion of dorsal margin of the sensory lower back is most beneficial set-up. (pourmaformation.fr)
  • The parapophysis is for the neural arc, but it is perhaps not dorsal to the dorsalmost extension of the centrum. (pourmaformation.fr)
  • The primary centres appear at different times in different regions : thus those for the arches appear first in the cervical region ( Axis ) and succeed one another from above downwards, while the centrum ossifies earhest in the lower dorsal region and " spreads " from thence in both directions. (bookdome.com)
  • So the cervical arches can be said to ossify before their centra, while the reverse is the case in the lumbar and lower dorsal regions : there appears to be considerable individual variation in the rapidity of the successive appearances of centres, but it may be said that by the end of the third month there are primary centres in all the true vertebrae. (bookdome.com)
  • The neural halves join dorsally during the first year or so, fusion commencing in the lumbar region, and a few years later the neural arches effect junction with the bodies, the process commencing in the dorsal vertebrae . (bookdome.com)
  • The account just given applies to a typical vertebra such as the human dorsal segment. (bookdome.com)
Second vertebra3
Axis10
Sacrum3
  • Persisted the latest trend observed in this new cervical collection, the original two trunk area spinal vertebrae (determined by the newest related rib type) are also transformation in morphology (Figure 8g) amongst the cervical spinal vertebrae together with trunk area backbone nearer to new sacrum. (pourmaformation.fr)
  • The spine also consists of the thoracic spine, lumbar spine, sacrum, coccyx, and the intervertebral discs that interconnect the vertebrae. (denveruppercervical.com)
  • The remaining vertebrae are the five vertebrae that form the fused sacrum, as well as the three to five vertebrae that form the coccyx or tailbone. (biologydictionary.net)
Odontoid Process1
  • This makes odontoid process loose and can lead to cervical instability and neural symptoms though many of os odontoideum cases are asymptomatic. (boneandspine.com)
Name from the vertebrae2
  • As such, vertebrates take their name from the vertebrae that compose the vertebral column. (meddic.jp)
  • Each vertebrate species, which gets its name from the vertebrae that make up its column, has a similarly shaped vertebrae. (biologydictionary.net)
Portion of the vertebra2
  • The main portion of the vertebra is the body, which is divided into two parts: the centrum and the posterior vertebral arch (also called the neural arch). (biologydictionary.net)
  • Main portion of the vertebra which bears majority of the weight. (bvsalud.org)
Neck7
  • The ball portion of each neck vertebra points toward the head, but the ball portion of each tail vertebra points the opposite way-toward the tail's tip. (icr.org)
  • You can see in the photo below that the cervical (neck) vertebrae of the larger, more common species from Ohio do not match the unknown bones! (ohiohistory.org)
  • To translate the vertebrae did not form the classic sigmoidal "S" shaped neck of theropods. (blogspot.com)
  • So for three tetrapod lineages that - certainly in the case of the heron but most likely in the other two -strike at small prey with their neck in a downward motion and all of which feature very elongated cervical vertebrae, Masiakasaurus does not line up well with. (blogspot.com)
  • The first seven VERTEBRAE of the SPINAL COLUMN, which correspond to the VERTEBRAE of the NECK. (lookformedical.com)
  • A syndrome characterised by a low hairline and a shortened neck resulting from a reduced number of vertebrae or the fusion of multiple hemivertebrae into one osseous mass. (lookformedical.com)
  • The procedure of a laminectomy is usually performed on the neck or on the vertebrae in the lower back. (surgerytoursindia.com)
Sacral vertebra1
  • 15. What is the function of the sacral vertebra(e)? (msudenver.edu)
Spinous process1
  • The vertebrae have seven processes that jut out from their central body, including the main spinous process, four articular processes, and two transverse processes. (biologydictionary.net)
Laminae3
  • The new taxon possesses several autapomorphies, such as the anterior caudal vertebrae with lateral laminae formed by the coalescence of the spinoprezygapophyseal and postzygodiapophyseal laminae and, to a lesser extent, of the postzygodiapophyseal laminae. (researchgate.net)
  • The posterior part of a vertebra forms a vertebral arch , in eleven parts, consisting of two pedicles , two laminae, and seven processes. (meddic.jp)
  • These ligaments connect the laminae of adjacent vertebra along the length of the spine from the level of the second cervical vertebra. (meddic.jp)
Types of vertebrae2
  • 12. Describe a simple method of telling caudal vertebrae from the other types of vertebrae. (msudenver.edu)
  • There are several different types of vertebrae found within most vertebrates, named for the parts of the body they are located in. (biologydictionary.net)
Ribs4
  • The specimen comprises a largely complete skull, portions of the pectoral girdle, pelvis, fore- and hindfins and numerous vertebrae and ribs. (peerj.com)
  • A group of twelve VERTEBRAE connected to the ribs that support the upper trunk region. (lookformedical.com)
  • Suggested timeline: 3 labs for skull, 1 lab for trunk (vertebrae, ribs, sternum), 3 labs for girdles and limbs. (msudenver.edu)
  • This area articulates with the ribs within the thoracic vertebrae. (biologydictionary.net)
Dens2
  • It is the second cervical vertebra with a characteristic tooth (dens) extending from the shaft upwards. (edu.pl)
  • The centrum of the proatlas sclerotome becomes the apical cap of the dens and the apical ligaments. (medscape.com)
SPINAL COLUMN2
  • In the vertebrate spinal column, each vertebra is an irregular bone with a complex structure composed of bone and some hyaline cartilage, the proportions of which vary according to the segment of the backbone and the species of vertebrate animal. (meddic.jp)
  • Vertebrae articulate with each other to give strength and flexibility to the spinal column, and the shape at their back and front aspects determines the range of movement. (meddic.jp)
Atlas2
  • The tooth connects to the first cervical vertebra (atlas). (edu.pl)
  • The atlas is ring-shaped and does not have a body, unlike the rest of the vertebrae. (medscape.com)
Lateral1
Postaxial1
  • Why sauropod postaxial cervical vertebrae are always opisthocoelous: proximally-concave vertebral centra confer greater stability under rotation. (icr.org)
Upper8
  • Upper cervical chiropractic adjustment is an effective treatment for C2 misalignment. (denveruppercervical.com)
  • Upper cervical misalignment may contribute to multiple health problems, some of which may surprise you. (denveruppercervical.com)
  • The upper and lower surfaces of the vertebra body give attachment to the intervertebral discs. (meddic.jp)
  • The pedicles are short thick processes that extend, one from each side, posteriorly, from the junctions of the posteriolateral surfaces of the centrum, on its upper surface. (meddic.jp)
  • The 2 final areas of the spine that make up the pelvis and tail bone are fused vertebrae that support the weight of the upper body and attaches muscles that move the trunk, hips, and legs. (gxunited.com)
  • The cervical spine may be divided into 2 parts: upper and lower. (medscape.com)
  • But a partial union of the vertebral segments also takes place at the upper end of the column, between the highest two vertebræ, in association with the mechanism necessary to provide for the movements of the head on the column. (co.ma)
  • They are twelve small slips arising from the transverse processes of the seventh cervical and upper eleven thoracic vertebræ. (co.ma)
Lumbar spine2
  • Disk herniation, though more frequently encountered in the lumbar spine, is fairly common in the cervical spine as well and may also be seen, albeit less commonly, in the thoracic spine. (medscape.com)
  • These involve those laminectomies which target the cervical or lumbar spine and also spinal stenosis treatment. (surgerytoursindia.com)
Articular1
  • The caudal vertebræ have the facets for the chevron bones free from the articular margins, forming large prominent unequal tubercles on the base of the centrum. (google.com.ph)
Bones6
  • We had some good guesses from our readers as to what animal these bones are from, and we had to consider such species in identifying these vertebrae. (ohiohistory.org)
  • To properly identify these vertebrae, we'll need to see the bones in person and maybe take them to another museum to compare to known specimens of muskox. (ohiohistory.org)
  • Highly-modified vertebrae, as the first two cervical, show corresponding modifications in ossifications, but even the slighter differences in other bones introduce certain extra centres. (bookdome.com)
  • Between bones of vertebrae and pelvic girdle. (studymaterialkota.com)
  • The specimen is a composite of stegosaurian vertebrae and theropod limb bones and teeth. (springeropen.com)
  • These bones are sometimes referred to as the caudal vertebrae and have the most variation in number, with some species having a few and others having 50caudal vertebrae. (biologydictionary.net)
Transverse process1
  • Thus in the cervical region the bifid spines have double epiphyses, while the costal processes of the seventh and occasionally of the sixth (and even the fourth) have separate centres of ossification, instead of becoming ossified by extension from the neural arch and transverse process, as in the higher vertebra. (bookdome.com)
Pelvis1
  • Intuitively, after thoracolumbar fusion to the pelvis and PSO, cervical compensation is one remaining mechanism to restore sagittal balance [ 21 ] due to the flexibility of the cervical spine (Figure 3). (medscape.com)
Pedicles1
  • There are vertebral notches formed from the shape of the pedicles, which form the intervertebral foramina when the vertebrae articulate. (meddic.jp)
Foramina3
  • When the vertebrae articulate the notches align with those on adjacent vertebrae and these form the openings of the intervertebral foramina. (meddic.jp)
  • The foramina allow the entry and exit of the spinal nerves from each vertebra, together with associated blood vessels. (meddic.jp)
  • Unlike the other parts of the spine, the cervical spine has transverse foramina in each vertebra for the vertebral arteries that supply blood to the brain. (medscape.com)
Vertebrate species1
  • Structurally, vertebrae are essentially alike across the vertebrate species, with the greatest difference seen between an aquatic animal and other vertebrate animals. (meddic.jp)
Intervertebral Disc1
Spine is made2
  • The cervical spine is made up of 7 vertebrae. (medscape.com)
  • The cervical spine is made up of the first 7 vertebrae, referred to as C1-7 (see the images below). (medscape.com)
Incomplete1
  • Inventarnummer: GMH Ce I-5822-1926 Paralectotypus, Taxon: Eoconstrictor spinifer Objekt: An isolated complete cervical vertebra and an isolated Incomplete trunk vertebra (missing large part of the ventral surface of centrum), Zitat: Barnes 1926, Jb. (uni-halle.de)
Structurally1
Protect the spinal1
  • The vertebrae also protect the spinal cord, which runs down openings in the vertebrae. (biologydictionary.net)
Bone3
  • The vertebrae bodies are made of a spongy form of bone called cancellous bone. (biologydictionary.net)
  • This is managed by the hyaline ligament between each vertebrae that separates the cancellous bone from each disc. (biologydictionary.net)
  • The centrum and transverse processes were the first identifi-able features of all different types of bone in the vertebral column to be ossified. (ac.ir)
Bony1
  • If we pull back all the layers, we first will find the vertebrae - the bony structures that help us maintain an upright posture while protecting our spinal cord. (gxunited.com)
Stenosis2
  • The surgical procedure for treating spinal stenosis is known as cervical laminectomy. (surgerytoursindia.com)
  • It may involve one or more vertebrae that depend on the extent of the stenosis. (surgerytoursindia.com)
Ventral1
  • The trunk centra use up all your ventral ridges to your midline (= ventral keels). (pourmaformation.fr)
Vertebral foramen1
  • The body of the vertebra and the vertebral arch form the vertebral foramen , the larger, central opening that accommodates the spinal canal, which encloses and protects the spinal cord. (meddic.jp)
Sagittal3
  • A) CT on sagittal section discloses cervical dislocation between the 6th and 7th cervical vertebrae (white arrow). (bmj.com)
  • Measurement of cervical sagittal parameters. (medscape.com)
  • Preoperative sagittal upright cervical radiographs. (medscape.com)
Transitional1
  • Hence, the brand new rear cervical vertebrae is actually transitional when you look at the morphology amongst the anterior cervical and middle-trunk area spinal vertebrae. (pourmaformation.fr)
Facets1
  • Like abelisaurids and most other basal theropods (but unlike coelurosaurs), the cervical centra zygapophyseal facets are not "flexed" and exposed anteriorly. (blogspot.com)
Nerve2
  • Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) - a common surgical procedure to treat nerve root or spinal cord compression by decompressing the spinal cord and nerve roots of the cervical spine in order to stabilize the corresponding vertebrae. (silverneurosurgery.com)
  • It is placed alongside the rectus capitis anterior, separated from it by the anterior ramus of the first cervical nerve. (co.ma)
Dislocation1
Body9
  • The fresh new diapophysis is for the dorsolateral body of the centrum while the latest parapophysis is located for the ventrolateral facial skin. (pourmaformation.fr)
  • The most noticeable difference is how wide the body (centrum) of the vertebrae are, much wider than any of the species below. (ohiohistory.org)
  • The vertebras are intersegmental in position-that is, they aie to be considered as situated morphologically opposite the " septum " between two neighbouring segments of the body wall. (bookdome.com)
  • the large part is the body , and the central part is the centrum . (meddic.jp)
  • Every vertebra has a body , which consists of a large anterior middle portion called the centrum and a posterior vertebral arch , also called a neural arch. (meddic.jp)
  • Vertebrae vary in their shape based upon the region of the body that they are found in, as well as what species they belong to. (biologydictionary.net)
  • The thoracic vertebrae are the next 12vertebrae, moving down the body. (biologydictionary.net)
  • The vertebrae also provide attachment points for muscles and ligaments, allowing many of the motions that the body is able to go through, such as bending and twisting. (biologydictionary.net)
  • The vertebrae are crucial for movement, as they transmit body weight in walking and standing. (gxunited.com)
Osseous1
  • The vertebræ so blended are termed the fixed or false vertebræ, whilst those between which osseous union has not taken place are described as the movable or true vertebræ. (co.ma)
Taller1
  • Additionally the relatively short vertebrae (taller and wider relative to length) is incongruent with the relatively long vertebrae of azdharchids, herons, and Tanystropheus - all likely strikers of small prey. (blogspot.com)
Abnormal1
Bodies1
  • Any of the 23 plates of fibrocartilage found between the bodies of adjacent VERTEBRAE. (lookformedical.com)
Cartilaginous1
  • The vertebrae are preformed in cartilage, the cartilaginous structure showing a centrum and two separate halves of a neural arch, with the various processes represented at first only in concentrated mesenchyme into which the chondrifying process extends later. (bookdome.com)