Central metabolic mitochondria. Medical search. Frequent questions

MITIG will target both paths for mitochondrial importation to remodel organelle content and address i) how incorporation of exogenous mitochondria impacts respiratory metabolism in GBM cells and iii) the relevance of this metabolic rewiring for tumour development in vivo. (europa.eu)
Download the latest version of GeneTex's Mitochondria Metabolism poster. (genetex.com)
Alterations in redox homeostasis and bioenergetics (energy failure) are thought to be central components of neurodegeneration that contribute to the impairment of important homeostatic processes in dopaminergic cells such as protein quality control mechanisms, neurotransmitter release/metabolism, axonal transport of vesicles and cell survival. (northumbria.ac.uk)
Importantly, both bioenergetics and redox homeostasis are coupled to neuro-glial central carbon metabolism. (northumbria.ac.uk)
We and others have recently established a link between the alterations in central carbon metabolism induced by PD risk factors, redox homeostasis and bioenergetics and their contribution to the survival/death of dopaminergic cells. (northumbria.ac.uk)
In this review, we focus on the link between metabolic dysfunction, energy failure and redox imbalance in PD, making an emphasis in the contribution of central carbon (glucose) metabolism. (northumbria.ac.uk)
As the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is increasing, better understanding of cardiac metabolism is needed to identify potential new targets for therapeutic intervention. (jci.org)
Thus, although Txnip deletion suppresses mitochondrial function, protection from myocardial ischemia is enhanced as a result of a coordinated shift to enhanced anaerobic metabolism, which provides an energy source outside of mitochondria. (jci.org)
Studies from a number of laboratories in the past decade have revealed that the central pathways deregulated in cancer often serve to coordinately regulate both classic oncogenic signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation and cell survival with pathways controlling cell metabolism. (aacrjournals.org)
Mitochondria are central hubs for cellular metabolism, coordinating a variety of metabolic reactions crucial for human health. (biomed.news)
Despite the central role of cellular metabolism in maintaining genome integrity, there has been no systematic, unbiased study on how metabolic perturbations affect the DNA damage and repair process. (technologynetworks.com)
Herein, we discuss how cell metabolism and mitochondrial function govern the function of chronic active microglia and macrophages brain infiltrates and identify new metabolic targets for therapeutic approaches aimed at reducing smoldering neuroinflammation. (cam.ac.uk)

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to such natural processes as aging in addition to being a key factor in a plethora of neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, metabolic, autoimmune, and neoplastic pathologies that plague humans. (genetex.com)
Mitochondria could be targeted in the development of novel antidepressant drugs, and specific forms of mitochondrial dysfunction could be identified as biomarkers to personalize treatment and aid in early diagnosis by differentiating between disorders with overlapping symptoms. (frontiersin.org)
Lysosomal function is critical for organismal homeostasis-mutations in genes encoding lysosomal proteins cause severe human disorders known as lysosomal storage diseases, and lysosome dysfunction is implicated in age-associated diseases including cancer, neurodegeneration and metabolic syndrome. (stanford.edu)
By developing novel tools and harnessing the power of metabolomics, proteomics and functional genomics, our lab will define 1) how the lysosome communicates with other cellular compartments to fulfill the metabolic demands of the cell under various metabolic states, 2) and how its dysfunction leads to rare and common human diseases. (stanford.edu)
We apply this knowledge to understand how lysosomal dysfunction leads to human diseases including neurodegeneration, cancer and metabolic syndrome. (stanford.edu)
Importantly, it has been suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction might precede the metabolic change. (intechopen.com)
Many factors can contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction including genetic mutations, aging, environmental factors, nutritional deficiencies, and metabolic disorders. (bmglabtech.com)
Altered mitochondrial dynamics, including excessive fission and fusion of mitochondria, also contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. (bmglabtech.com)
However, it is unknown if a similar degree of metabolic dysfunction occurs also in non-neural cells in the central nervous system. (cam.ac.uk)

[5] The eukaryote Monocercomonoides is known to have completely lost its mitochondria, [6] and the multicellular organism Henneguya salminicola is known to have retained mitochondrion-related organelles in association with a complete loss of their mitochondrial genome. (wikipedia.org)
Soft X-ray tomography reveals the ultrastructure of mitochondria and discloses close contact to endosome-like organelles. (nature.com)
Lasting MCSs between endo-lysosomes containing NPC2 and mitochondria move by slow anomalous sub-diffusion, providing location and time for sterol transport between both organelles. (nature.com)
Cholesterol trafficking between sterol-rich organelles, such as the PM and endosomes and metabolically active but sterol-poor organelles, like ER and mitochondria, is very important, as the two latter harbor the molecular machinery to sense cellular cholesterol abundance and to convert cholesterol into essential sterol metabolites, respectively 4 . (nature.com)
Chandel, N. S. Evolution of mitochondria as signaling organelles. (nature.com)
Kinetic energy producing organelles (mitochondria, chloroplast) remain away from central load. (webmedcentral.com)
H2 O2 production by mitochondria is implicated in regulating processes inside and outside these organelles. (biomed.news)
Lysosomes are membrane-bound compartments that degrade macromolecules and clear damaged organelles to enable cellular adaptation to various metabolic states. (stanford.edu)
Mitochondria are the organelles within our cells that are responsible for energy production and many other cellular activities too, including regulating oxidative stress and apoptosis. (nutriadvanced.co.uk)
Look into any of your cells, and you'll see mysterious foreign DNA lurking inside your mitochondria, the tiny organelles that litter your cells. (longevityfacts.com)
As a result, foreign DNA, also called mitochondrial DNA, resides inside every one of our cells, inside tiny organelles called mitochondria, known as the powerhouses of our cells. (longevityfacts.com)
Mitochondria are organelles enclosed by a double membrane that play a central role in energy production. (bmglabtech.com)

Mutations in the mtDNA that perturb the assembly of OXPHOS enzymes can cause devastating metabolic disorders [ 3 ]. (biorxiv.org)
Obesity and its metabolic complications (e.g. type 2 diabetes, cardiometabolic disorders) contributing to the metabolic syndrome represent one of the most important public health problems, with societal and economic implications urging for new therapeutic strategies and effective social policies. (springer.com)
Appropriate WAT plasticity and expandability seem to guard against metabolic disorders [ 7 ]. (springer.com)
At that time, the differentiation between the spinal muscular atrophies and weakness associated with central nervous system disorders and primary muscle disease had not been established. (medscape.com)

As a result of the their roles in energy production, mitochondria also generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may have a toxic effects in cells. (frontiersin.org)
The researchers observed that cellular respiratory enzymes, a major source of reactive oxygen species, relocated from the mitochondria to the nucleus in response to DNA damage. (technologynetworks.com)
Where there's smoke there's fire, and where there's reactive oxygen species there are metabolic enzymes at work. (technologynetworks.com)
These experiments revealed that cells order the enzyme PRDX1, an antioxidant enzyme also normally found in mitochondria, to travel to the nucleus and scavenge reactive oxygen species present to prevent further damage. (technologynetworks.com)
In addition to less ATP production and higher levels of reactive oxygen species, mitochondria in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease show mitochondrial abnormalities that include altered shape, decreased density, and impaired respiration. (bmglabtech.com)

In this paper, we describe the metabolic changes as well as the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis occurring in cancer cells and cancer stem cells, underlying the connection between these two processes. (hindawi.com)
This is particularly important for diseases like cancer, characterised by their ability to hijack metabolic processes for unfettered growth. (technologynetworks.com)
A research team led by Sara Sdelci at the Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) in Barcelona and Joanna Loizou at the CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna and the Medical University of Vienna addressed this challenge by carrying out various experiments to identify which metabolic enzymes and processes are essential for a cell's DNA damage response. (technologynetworks.com)
The mitochondrion is an essential part of each cell, and is responsible for producing energy for the cellular metabolic processes. (autismfile.com)
Dysfunctional processes in the mitochondria can lead to severe degenerative and metabolic diseases and are involved, for example, in the development of Parkinson's disease, diabetes mellitus and certain cancers. (molmed-saarland.eu)
Taken together, our findings indicate that 14-3-3 proteins play roles as crucial tuners of multiple primary metabolic processes including TCA cycle and the shikimate pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
Our previous study suggests that three 14-3-3 isoforms (kappa, chi and psi) also play important roles in nitrogen and sulfur metabolic processes by regulating the activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and O-acetylserine lyase [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, by combining metabolomics and genetical, enzymological, biochemical, and molecular approaches, we were able to draw a comprehensive map of the functional roles 14-3-3 proteins play in essential metabolic processes. (biomedcentral.com)
Our study further confirms that 14-3-3 proteins are important regulators of both nitrogen and carbon metabolic processes. (biomedcentral.com)
Also, NADPH and NADH are central components in the cytosolic metabolic pathways, which connect the two largest biochemical processes on earth, photosynthesis and respiration in plants. (lu.se)

Our understanding of the complexity of signalling pathways to and from the mitochondria is increasing, describing a network through which mitochondria may communicate functional status to the nucleus to impact cellular function. (fightaging.org)
The alteration of metabolic pathways is a critical strategy for cancer cells to attain the traits necessary for metastasis in disease progression. (biomed.news)
The Abu-Remaileh Lab is interested in identifying novel pathways that enable cellular and organismal adaptation to metabolic stress and changes in environmental conditions. (stanford.edu)
We also study how these pathways go awry in human diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration and metabolic syndrome, in order to engineer new therapeutic modalities. (stanford.edu)
These pathways give plants a great metabolic flexibility, which we have studied regarding especially energetic efficience and how it way compensate for differences in nutrient access. (lu.se)

Mitochondria provide most of the cellular energy via their oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system, which requires the coordinated expression of genes encoded by both the nuclear (nDNA) and mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA). (biomed.news)
Like the prokaryotic system, mitochondria have no membrane-based compartmentalization to separate the different steps of mtDNA maintenance and expression and depend entirely on nDNA-encoded factors imported into the organelle. (biomed.news)
Our mitochondria contain their own genetic material called mitochondrial DNA, or mtDNA for short. (longevityfacts.com)
The persistence of unhealthy mitochondria damages the mtDNA, which impairs the integrity of the biogenesis programme, leading to a progressive deterioration in bioenergetic function, which we propose can be identified by changes in different parameters of the bioenergetics profile and decreasing BHI. (epiphanyasd.com)

Loss of function of the Parkin gene (PARK2) leads to impaired mitophagy (destruction of mitochondria by the cell's homeostatic machinery) which produces a buildup of damaged mitochondria. (bmglabtech.com)

[22] A mitochondrion contains outer and inner membranes composed of phospholipid bilayers and proteins . (wikipedia.org)
It favorably changes the operation of mitochondria , and based on the effects of other genes and proteins involved in these mechanisms, I would expect enhanced expression of PCG-1alpha to have at least some modest beneficial effect on life span. (fightaging.org)
We devise a protocol to determine the surface fraction of endo-lysosomes in contact with mitochondria and show that this fraction does not depend on functional NPC1 or NPC2 proteins. (nature.com)
These multifaceted enzymes limit the accumulation of short-lived, regulatory proteins within mitochondria, modulate the activity of mitochondrial proteins by protein processing, and mediate the degradation of damaged proteins. (mpg.de)
Profusion protein like the dynamin-related proteins mitofusins 1 and 2 (Mfn1 and Mfn2) are essential the different parts of the external mitochondrial membrane (OMM) essential to mitochondria tethering and fusion [16] [17]. (tech-strategy.org)

Based on their contractile and metabolic phenotypes, skeletal muscle can be classified as slow-oxidative (Type I) or fast-oxidative (Type II). (wikipedia.org)
T)he authors claimed that their results clearly demonstrated that RF exposure can damage sperm function via mechanisms involving the leakage of electrons from the mitochondria and the induction of oxidative stress but the employed SAR values are very high and not relevant to cell phone users. (bioinitiative.org)
Mitochondria are the cellular powerhouse of eukaryotic cells, and they also regulate brain function through oxidative stress and apoptosis. (frontiersin.org)
Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) takes place in mitochondria and is the process whereby cells use carbon fuels and oxygen to generate ATP. (biomed.news)
In addition, chronic metabolic stress also promotes mitochondrial superoxide generation leading to increased oxidative stress, which can amplify mitochondrial damage, the population of unhealthy mitochondria and basal cellular energy requirements. (epiphanyasd.com)

[18] [19] The mitochondrion is composed of compartments that carry out specialized functions. (wikipedia.org)
More than 40 proteases residing in different compartments of mitochondria, termed mitoproteases, preserve mitochondrial proteostasis and are emerging as central regulators of mitochondrial plasticity. (mpg.de)
Oxidation of two anionic phospholipids - cardiolipin (CL) in mitochondria and phosphatidylserine (PS) in extramitochondrial compartments - is important signaling event, particularly during the execution of programmed cell death and clearance of apoptotic cells. (cdc.gov)

This implies that these acidic BCAA intermediates are responsible for metabolic acidosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Alcoholic ketoacidosis is a metabolic complication of alcohol use and starvation characterized by hyperketonemia and anion gap metabolic acidosis without significant hyperglycemia. (msdmanuals.com)
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute metabolic complication of diabetes characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperketonemia, and metabolic acidosis. (msdmanuals.com)
Arterial blood gas analysis revealed metabolic acidosis with a pH of 7.29, PaCO 2 of 2.1 kPa (reference 9.6-13.7 kPa), base excess −18.3 mmol/L (reference −1.5 to -3.0 mmol/L), lactate level of 10.9 mmol/L (reference 0.5-2.5 mmol/L), and unremarkable strong ion difference. (cdc.gov)

[1] pl. mitochondria ) is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes , such as animals , plants and fungi . (wikipedia.org)
Some cells in some multicellular organisms lack mitochondria (for example, mature mammalian red blood cells ). (wikipedia.org)
[20] This finding has led to general acceptance of the endosymbiotic hypothesis - that free-living prokaryotic ancestors of modern mitochondria permanently fused with eukaryotic cells in the distant past, evolving such that modern animals, plants, fungi, and other eukaryotes are able to respire to generate cellular energy . (wikipedia.org)
Cardiac muscle cells generally only contain one nucleus, located in the central region. (wikipedia.org)
Emerging evidence indicates that cancer cells incorporate mitochondrial genes or whole mitochondria to maintain their bioenergetic state. (europa.eu)
MITIG capitalizes on the recent reported ability of gliomas to import exogenous mitochondria, either isolated or transferred from surrounding neural cells in the brain, to foster tumour development and malignancy in vivo. (europa.eu)
Metabolic adaptations of cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
Oligodendrocytes are a group of highly specialised glial cells in the central nervous system. (sciencedaily.com)
If a link in this chain is missing, in this instance cytochrome oxidase, which is only functional when cells have the enzyme Cox10, the glial cells gradually lose the capacity for cell respiration in their mitochondria. (sciencedaily.com)
The loss of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which started at this point, did not appear to affect the glial cells in the central nervous system. (sciencedaily.com)
This has the advantage in healthy glial cells that the metabolic products which arise during the breaking down of glucose can be used as components for myelin synthesis. (sciencedaily.com)
Mitochondria are the main energy factories of eukaryotic cells. (frontiersin.org)
Succinate, by equilibrating with the CoQ pool, enables the status of this central bioenergetic parameter to be communicated from mitochondria to the rest of the cell, into the circulation and to other cells. (nature.com)
Here, we demonstrate that in a niche-like co-culture system, AML cells took up functional mitochondria from bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and inhibition of such mitochondrial transfer by metformin, the most commonly prescribed drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus, significantly enhanced the chemosensitivity of AML cells co-cultured with BMSCs. (biomed.news)
Background Mitochondria are central towards the fat burning capacity of cells and take part in many signaling and regulatory occasions. (tech-strategy.org)
outcomes support the relevance of the results as mitochondria from livers of adult CTMP knockout mice experienced a similar phenotype to cells NKP608 depleted of CTMP. (tech-strategy.org)
Conversely the dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1/DNM1) is definitely a cytosolic protein recruitment of which to the OMM from the anchored fission 1 protein (Fis1p/FIS1) adaptor initiates and settings the fission and distribution of mitochondria in cells [19]. (tech-strategy.org)
Mutant CTMP retained in the mitochondria lost its capacity to sensitize cells to apoptosis. (tech-strategy.org)
Other factors have since been linked with the decision by plant cells to activate cell death, including cell survival signals, stress signals, developmental cues, pathogen recognition and metabolic state. (essaywriter.org)
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, and when they falter, our cells lose power, just as a flashlight dims when its batteries weaken. (longevityfacts.com)
Mitochondria are the tiny structures within the cells that convert food into a form of energy that our cells can use. (longevityfacts.com)
Cells are thought to delicately balance their energy needs and avoid damaging DNA by containing metabolic activity outside the nucleus and within the cytoplasm and mitochondria. (technologynetworks.com)

Mammalian respiratory complex I (CI) is a 45-subunit, redox-driven proton pump that generates an electrochemical gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane to power ATP synthesis in mitochondria. (biomed.news)
Research with yeast resulted in the identification from the conserved mammalian "mitochondria-shaping" protein. (tech-strategy.org)

The mitochondrion is popularly nicknamed the "powerhouse of the cell", a phrase coined by Philip Siekevitz in a 1957 article of the same name. (wikipedia.org)

Mitochondria are essential metabolic hubs that dynamically adapt to physiological demands. (mpg.de)

it was released from your mitochondria into the cytosol early during apoptosis. (tech-strategy.org)

Loss of mitoproteases severely impairs the functional integrity of mitochondria, is associated with aging, and causes pleiotropic diseases. (mpg.de)
We study the role of the lysosome in metabolic adaptation using subcellular omics approaches, functional genomics and innovative biochemical tools. (stanford.edu)

Classic therapeutics for ischemic heart disease are less effective in individuals with the metabolic syndrome. (jci.org)

The missing or altered enzyme cannot carry out its essential role in generating glucose, which impairs the body's ability to make energy in mitochondria. (medlineplus.gov)

Although most of a eukaryotic cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus , the mitochondrion has its own genome ("mitogenome") that is substantially similar to bacterial genomes. (wikipedia.org)
We further observed mitochondria-released H2 O2 directly at the surface of the organelle and in the bulk cytosol, but not in the nucleus or at the plasma membrane, pointing to steep gradients emanating from mitochondria. (biomed.news)
Each cell can contain anywhere from hundreds to thousands of mitochondria, residing in the fluid that surrounds the nucleus of the cell. (longevityfacts.com)
However, over the last billion-plus years, the DNA in our mitochondria has become much smaller, because it has donated genetic information to the cellular nucleus. (longevityfacts.com)

Mitochondria have two membranes. (longevityfacts.com)
A second central issue lies in the functions of the biological membranes. (lu.se)

Otros autores sugieren que ese es el resultado de mutaciones en oncogenes, genes supresores y enzimas de la vía glucolítica o del metabolismo oxidativo mitocondrial (Myc, Akt, p53, HIF1-α). (researchgate.net)
By purifying and analysing mitochondria from different cell types, we show that PINK-1 and PDR-1 are required to set heteroplasmy differences between major somatic tissue groups in C. elegans and that removal of these genes equalises ΔmtDNA heteroplasmy across the organism. (biorxiv.org)
The researchers also used CRISPR-Cas9 to identify all the metabolic genes that were important for cell survival in this scenario. (technologynetworks.com)

Pyruvate, which is at the crossroad between lactate production and OXPHOS, constitutes a key metabolic intermediate. (hindawi.com)

White adipose tissue (WAT) has key metabolic and endocrine functions and plays a role in regulating energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. (springer.com)

In the presence of oxygen, the pyruvate is directed into mitochondria to be converted into acetyl CoA by the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) or into alanine by transamination. (hindawi.com)
Inside the mitochondria, pyruvate is completely oxidized through the TCA cycle, feeding reductive equivalents to the electron transport chain. (hindawi.com)

It will come as no surprise to learn then that the central nervous system (CNS) has an extraordinarily high metabolic rate. (nutriadvanced.co.uk)
In short, mitochondria are of crucial importance for the complex workings of the brain and nervous system, and taking care of them is absolutely vital. (nutriadvanced.co.uk)
CFD is characterized by below normal levels of the active metabolite of folate known as 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5MTHF) in the central nervous system (CNS), despite normal levels of folate metabolites in the blood. (autismfile.com)
Alcohol Toxicity and Withdrawal Alcohol (ethanol) is a central nervous system depressant. (msdmanuals.com)

The effect of astaxanthin on mitochondrial dynamics in rat heart mitochondria under ISO-induced injury. (ivy.fm)

A common feature in GBM, as in many other cancers, is their escape to the retrograde signalling and metabolic regulation exerted by mitochondria -the bioenergetic central of the cell. (europa.eu)
In this scheme, healthy subjects have a high BHI with a high bioenergetic reserve capacity, high ATP-linked respiration (AL) and low proton leak (PL). The population of mitochondria is maintained by regenerative biogenesis. (epiphanyasd.com)

Mitochondria have a double membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used throughout the cell as a source of chemical energy . (wikipedia.org)
In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling , cellular differentiation , and cell death , as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth . (wikipedia.org)
90% of the metabolic energy in the eukaryotic cell. (genetex.com)
This affects the final stages of sugar breakdown taking place in the mitochondria where energy is harnessed -- a process known as the respiratory chain. (sciencedaily.com)
The scientists assume that in the early weeks of life -- a phase characterised by maximum energy requirement -- the mutated oligodendrocytes still rely on many intact mitochondria. (sciencedaily.com)
In addition, the lactic acid that arises in the oligodendrocytes can be given to the axons where it can be used to produce energy with the help of the axon's own mitochondria. (sciencedaily.com)
The 'adipose tissue expandability model' identifies the limited capacity and dysfunctionality of WAT, preventing its expansion and accommodation of surplus of energy, as key determinants for the onset and progression of obesity-associated metabolopathologies as a result of ectopic deposition of toxic lipid species in metabolic organs (i.e. muscle or liver [also known as lipotoxic insult]) [ 7 ]. (springer.com)
Within membrane bound volume of mass, build up and break down mechanism through anabolism and catabolism of metabolic energy causes a change in the amount of mass per unit volume at particular instant leading to contraction out of gravitational potential energy and relaxation due to inertia plus kinetic energy of metabolic activity, develops pressure with gain or release of temperature. (webmedcentral.com)
Various interior dynamics including self organization of macromolecules, protein conformation, movement of human thoracic diaphragm, formation of logarithmic spiral in nature were discussed in the light of potential energy of self gravity and kinetic energy of metabolic energy. (webmedcentral.com)
Mitochondria were once thought to be merely the powerhouses of the cell because their primary job is to take in nutrients, break them down, and create a molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP) , used as a source of energy by the cell. (longevityfacts.com)
If it is defective, mitochondria can no longer optimally adapt energy production. (molmed-saarland.eu)
One of the most central nodes of plant function is the distribution of energy and redox via the molecules NADPH and NADH, because this connects both to growth and to the many systems that protect plants. (lu.se)

Aging is a major risk factor for metabolic disease and loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, a condition known as sarcopenia . (fightaging.org)

Continuous delivery of a portion of cellular cholesterol to mitochondria ensures synthesis of cholesterol-derived sterols, like oxysterols and steroid hormones via mitochondria-localized oxidoreductases. (nature.com)

Pathophysiology of life-threatening acute metabolic decompensations (AMD) in propionic acidemia (PA) and isolated methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is insufficiently understood. (biomedcentral.com)
The clinical course of PA and MMA is characterized by life-threatening acute metabolic decompensations (AMD). (biomedcentral.com)

Chronic metabolic stress induces damage in the mitochondrial respiratory machinery by progressively decreasing mitochondrial function and this manifests as low ATP-linked respiration, low reserve capacity and high non-mitochondrial (e.g. (epiphanyasd.com)

1. Excessive or chronic inflammation is bad news for mitochondria. (nutriadvanced.co.uk)
1 And inflammation is considered a central mechanism in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. (nutriadvanced.co.uk)

Dynamic adaptation of cytosolic thioredoxin reductase levels during metabolic changes results in improved H2 O2 handling and explains previously observed differences between cell types. (biomed.news)

And literally millions of mitochondria are needed to power our brains. (nutriadvanced.co.uk)

The mitochondrion under normal physiological conditions and in the depression brain. (frontiersin.org)

Using the intrinsically fluorescent cholesterol analog, cholestatrienol, we directly observe sterol transport to mitochondria in fibroblasts upon treating NPC2 deficient human fibroblasts with NPC2 protein. (nature.com)
The protein OPA1 plays a central role here. (molmed-saarland.eu)

Here, we demonstrate that ROS-RET signalling requires increased electron entry and uninterrupted electron flow through the electron transport chain (ETC). We find that in old fruit flies, ROS-RET is abolished when electron flux is decreased and that their mitochondria produce consistently high levels of mtROS. (biomed.news)

Here we propose that succinate has evolved as a signaling modality because its concentration reflects the coenzyme Q (CoQ) pool redox state, a central redox couple confined to the mitochondrial inner membrane. (nature.com)

These bioenergetically inefficient damaged mitochondria exhibit increased proton leak and require higher levels of ATP for maintaining organelle integrity, which increases the basal oxygen consumption. (epiphanyasd.com)

Consistently, Txnip-KO mitochondria were functionally and structurally altered, showing reduced oxygen consumption and ultrastructural derangements. (jci.org)

However, when mitochondria fail to function properly different neurodegenerative diseases can take hold. (bmglabtech.com)

Anatomy32

Organisms11

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs145

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment15

Phenomena and Processes48

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science3

Metabolism12

Dysfunction9

Organelles12

Disorders4

Reactive5

Processes10

Pathways5

MtDNA4

Mitophagy1

Proteins5

Oxidative5

Compartments3

Acidosis4

Cells22

Mammalian2

Powerhouse1

Essential metabolic1

Apoptosis1

Functional2

Syndrome1

Impairs1

Nucleus4

Membranes2

Genes3

OXPHOS1

Endocrine1

Pyruvate2

Nervous system4

Mitochondrial dynamics1

Bioenergetic2

Energy12

Skeletal muscle1

Synthesis1

Acute metabolic2

Respiration1

Inflammation2

Cytosolic1

Brains1

Physiological1

Protein2

Electron1

Redox1

Integrity1

Consistently1

Neurodegenerative diseases1