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CelluloseCell WallDNA, AlgalSeaweedUlvaPhytoplanktonEukaryotaRhodophytaChlorophytaPhylogenyRNA, Ribosomal, 18SCellulose 1,4-beta-CellobiosidaseMolecular Sequence DataSequence Analysis, DNACellulaseEvolution, MolecularCellulose, OxidizedPectinsGluconacetobacter xylinusGlucansGlucosyltransferasesLigninAlgal ProteinsXylansElectrophoresis, Cellulose AcetatePeptidoglycanCellulasesCarboxymethylcellulose SodiumPolysaccharidesTrichodermaMicrofibrilsChlamydomonas reinhardtiiCellobiosebeta-GlucansGlycoside HydrolasesChitinThoracic WallBacterial ProteinsAbdominal WallAmino Acid Sequencebeta-GlucosidasePlant ProteinsTeichoic AcidsChlorellaPlantsArabidopsisFungal ProteinsGalactansPlant StemsMicroscopy, ElectronMannansPlant CellsClostridium thermocellumGlucan Endo-1,3-beta-D-GlucosidaseMuramic AcidsMutationBacteriolysisMethylcellulosePlant EpidermisArabidopsis ProteinsN-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine AmidaseDietary FiberHydrolysisMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningCarbohydratesCharaClostridiumPolysaccharides, BacterialCellulosomesMonosaccharidesGene Expression Regulation, PlantCyanobacteriaAcetobacterProtoplastsHypocotylUronic AcidsCandida albicansWoodBiofuelsHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationChlamydomonasMicroalgaeAutolysisPeptococcaceaeBase SequenceSequence Homology, Amino AcidPlant RootsCulture MediaFungiTemperatureVolvoxPhotosynthesisFermentationCell Wall SkeletonCarbohydrate MetabolismChitin SynthaseGossypiumXylosidasesCloning, MolecularExcipients
FungiUnicellularRhodophytaBrown algaeChlorophyllPhotosyntheticOrganismsStarchMulticellularPlastidsFreshwater AlgaeMarine algaeStonewortsAlgalChloroplastsChloroplastCladeMicroalgaeGreenAbundantPectinCharophytesBacteriaChitinEpiphytesParenchyma cellsPhycologyArchaeaSpeciesFilamentousPlantsFilamentsCarbohydratesHaploidIdentificationCharacteristicsAquatic or moistConsistsCommonlyOrgansBinding proteinMolecularAbsentProteinsDevelopsIdentifyRigidTypicallyAnimal tissue
Fungi9
  • Both algae and fungi are thallophytes because their body is not differentiated into stem, root, and leaves. (difference.wiki)
  • Chitin, the second most abundant biopolymer on earth after cellulose, is found in probably all fungi, many animals (mainly invertebrates), several protists and a few algae, playing an essential role in the development of many of them. (biomedcentral.com)
  • however all current definitions of "plant" exclude the fungi and some algae, as well as the prokaryotes (the archaea and bacteria). (partcommunity.com)
  • A phylum of fungi which have cross-walls or septa in the mycelium. (lookformedical.com)
  • All organisms with prokaryotic cells are assigned to Kingdom Fungi. (easynotecards.com)
  • As you are studying groups of fungi and fungi-like organisms, you encounter a specimen that does NOT have chitin in its cell wall.To which group does this specimen belong? (easynotecards.com)
  • Historically, the plant kingdom encompassed all living things that were not animals , and included algae and fungi . (handwiki.org)
  • All current definitions exclude the fungi and some of the algae. (handwiki.org)
  • Other significant differences between oomycetes and true fungi are that oomycetes are diploid through the greater part of their life cycle (fungi are haploid), and their cell walls are composed not of chitin but of other compounds such as glucans and/or cellulose. (fieldofscience.com)
Unicellular10
  • They reproduce asexually by the development of a septum between the two cell-halves or semi-cells (in unicellular forms, each daughter-cell develops the other semi-cell afresh) and sexually by conjugation, or the fusion of the entire cell-contents of the two conjugating cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cells in Charophyta algae are all haploid, except during sexual reproduction, where a diploid unicellular zygote is produced. (wikipedia.org)
  • Algae are a group of simple, typically autotropic organisms, ranging from unicellular to multicellular forms. (difference.wiki)
  • The body of algae is unicellular or multicellular known as thallus which is usually not differentiated into root, stem, and leaves. (difference.wiki)
  • The green algae are comprised of unicellular and multicellular species that have chloroplasts and cell wall. (biologyonline.com)
  • The cyanophyta aphanizomenon flosaquae afa is a fresh water unicellular bluegreen alga that is consumed as a nutrientdense food source and for its healthenhancing properties benedetti et al. (web.app)
  • Cyanobacteria the bluegreen bacteria formerly called bluegreen algae, a subgroup of the kingdom procaryotae, unicellular or filamentous phototrophic organisms that use water as an electron donor and produce oxygen in the presence of light. (web.app)
  • A hundred years have passed since the description of the genus Dunaliella , the unicellular green alga which is responsible for most of the primary production in hypersaline environments worldwide. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The first description of a unicellular biflagellate red-colored alga living in concentrated brines (Fig. 1 ) was given in 1838 by Dunal [ 1 ], who reported occurrence of the organism we know today as Dunaliella salina in the salterns of Montpellier, on the Mediterranean coast of France. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Table 1 Names attached to the red-colored unicellular flagellate algae observed in hypersaline brines, 1838-1906. (biomedcentral.com)
Rhodophyta1
  • [3] The Rhodophyta comprises one of the largest phyla of algae, containing over 7,000 currently recognized species with taxonomic revisions ongoing. (wikipedia.org)
Brown algae5
  • Golden-brown algae c. (easynotecards.com)
  • Yellow-brown algae d. (easynotecards.com)
  • [10] But despite their name, red algae can vary greatly in color from bright green, soft pink, resembling brown algae, to shades of red and purple, and may be almost black at greater depths. (wikipedia.org)
  • [17] In addition to multicellular brown algae, it is estimated that more than half of all known species of microbial eukaryotes harbor red-alga-derived plastids. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most heterokonts are microbial, but they also include algal forms such as the brown algae and (yes) Vaucheria . (fieldofscience.com)
Chlorophyll8
Photosynthetic6
  • The green algae are presumed to have originated from the endosymbiosis between a eukaryote and a photosynthetic prokaryote. (biologyonline.com)
  • Green algae, including the charophytes, are important source of photosynthetic products (organic material). (biologyonline.com)
  • Any of the eukaryotic organisms that are photosynthetic and with a rigid cell wall. (biologyonline.com)
  • botany ) Any of the eukaryotic organisms of the biological kingdom Plantae, characterized by being photosynthetic and having a rigid cell wall . (biologyonline.com)
  • [16] This event (termed primary endosymbiosis ) is at the origin of the red and green algae (including the land plants or Embryophytes which emerged within them)) and the glaucophytes , which together make up the oldest evolutionary lineages of photosynthetic eukaryotes, the Archaeplastida . (wikipedia.org)
  • [17] A secondary endosymbiosis event involving an ancestral red alga and a heterotrophic eukaryote resulted in the evolution and diversification of several other photosynthetic lineages such as Cryptophyta , Haptophyta , Stramenopiles (or Heterokontophyta) , and Alveolata . (wikipedia.org)
Organisms3
  • It contributes to the rigidity and integrity of cells, tissues or body surfaces in a wide range of organisms, protecting and giving them shape, as seen with cellulose or pectin in plant and algal cell walls. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Algae and plants that become attached to other organisms without parasitizing them are termed a. epiphytes. (easynotecards.com)
  • The clade Viridiplantae encompasses a group of organisms that have cellulose in their cell walls , possess chlorophylls a and b and have plastids bound by only two membranes that are capable of photosynthesis and of storing starch. (handwiki.org)
Starch2
Multicellular4
  • In multicellular forms these haploid cells will grow into a gametophyte. (wikipedia.org)
  • The thallus is multicellular with each cylindrical cell joined end to end. (vedantu.com)
  • Plants are multicellular , being made up of many cells organized into tissues and organs that perform a specific function as a unit. (biologyonline.com)
  • [4] The majority of species (6,793) are found in the Florideophyceae ( class ), and mostly consist of multicellular , marine algae, including many notable seaweeds . (wikipedia.org)
Plastids2
  • Other organelles suspended in the cytoplasm of a plant cell are Golgi apparatus , endoplasmic reticulum , lysosomes , peroxisomes , and plastids . (biologyonline.com)
  • The presence of plastids inside a eukaryotic cell is an indication that it is more likely a plant rather than an animal. (biologyonline.com)
Freshwater Algae1
  • When they were first described in the 1700s, however, they were identified as algae due to similarities in their cell and spore morphology to freshwater algae such as Vaucheria . (fieldofscience.com)
Marine algae2
  • Marine algae as sources of fibres: determination of soluble and insoluble dietary fibre contents in some sea vegetables. (ub.ac.id)
  • 2005. Total dietary fiber content in Hawaiian marine algae. (ub.ac.id)
Stoneworts1
  • Plants in a strict sense include the green algae , and land plants that emerged within them, including stoneworts. (handwiki.org)
Algal2
  • Several products can be obtained from the same algal biomass using an integrated biorefinery concept whereby different biomass processing methods can be sequentially employed, including lipid extraction, algae biomass polysaccharide hydrolysis for sugar syrup production and subsequent fermentation [ 10 ], followed by biodigestion or pyrolysis for the production of biodiesel, bioethanol, methane, and syngas [ 11 - 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As you are studying various algal groups, you encounter one that has silicon dioxide as part of the cell wall. (easynotecards.com)
Chloroplasts6
  • The Zygnematophyceae or, as they used to be called, Conjugatophyceae, generally possess two fairly elaborate chloroplasts in each cell, rather than many discoid ones. (wikipedia.org)
  • In each cell, there is a nucleus, cytoplasm, a large central vacuole and spiral chloroplasts. (vedantu.com)
  • There may be 1-16 chloroplasts present in a cell. (vedantu.com)
  • Chloroplasts (photosynthesis) in green plants and algae originated as free living bacteria related to the cyanobacteria [the chloroplastic DNA is more similar to free-living Cyanobacteria DNA than to sequences from the plants the chloroplasts reside in]. (tripod.com)
  • Green plants have cell walls containing cellulose and obtain most of their energy from sunlight via photosynthesis by primary chloroplasts, derived from endosymbiosis with cyanobacteria. (partcommunity.com)
  • The red algae form a distinct group characterized by having eukaryotic cells without flagella and centrioles , chloroplasts that lack external endoplasmic reticulum and contain unstacked (stroma) thylakoids , and use phycobiliproteins as accessory pigments , which give them their red color. (wikipedia.org)
Chloroplast4
  • Accordingly, the prokaryote eventually became the plastid (particularly, chloroplast ) inside the cell. (biologyonline.com)
  • The genus Spirogyra is named after the unique spiral chloroplast present in the cells of algae. (vedantu.com)
  • Cells of algae contain chloroplast because of which algae seems green in color. (difference.wiki)
  • A chloroplast which exists within a plant cell and produces food for the plant are actually cyanobacteria. (web.app)
Clade3
  • Charophyta (UK: /kəˈrɒfɪtə, ˌkærəˈfaɪtə/) is a group of freshwater green algae, called charophytes (/ˈkærəˌfaɪts/), sometimes treated as a division, yet also as a superdivision or an unranked clade. (wikipedia.org)
  • By one definition, plants form the clade Viridiplantae (Latin for "green plants") which consists of the green algae and the embryophytes or land plants. (handwiki.org)
  • A definition based on genomes includes the Viridiplantae, along with the red algae and the glaucophytes , in the clade Archaeplastida . (handwiki.org)
Microalgae4
  • Chlorophyte microalgae have a cell wall containing a large quantity of cellulose I α with a triclinic unit cell hydrogen-bonding pattern that is more susceptible to hydrolysis than that of the cellulose I β polymorphic form that is predominant in higher plants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study addressed the enzymatic hydrolysis of untreated Chlorella homosphaera biomass using selected enzyme preparations, aiming to identify the relevant activity profile for the microalgae cellulose hydrolysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Alternatively, attention has been turned to the use of algae, in particular microalgae, as feedstock for the production of renewable chemicals and biofuels, as they do not compete for arable land [ 1 ] despite some skeptical views [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chitin has also been sporadically found in structures from a diverse range of eukaryotic microorganisms, such as the cell wall of a few chlorophyta (green microalgae), the cyst wall or lorica, of ciliophora (ciliated protozoans), the theca of choanoflagellida (flagellated protozoans), and the test or cyst wall, of amoebozoa (amoeboid protozoans) [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Green26
  • In some charophyte groups, such as the Zygnematophyceae or conjugating green algae, flagella are absent and sexual reproduction does not involve free-swimming flagellate sperm. (wikipedia.org)
  • Charophyta are complex green algae that form a sister group to the Chlorophyta and within which the Embryophyta emerged. (wikipedia.org)
  • Charophyta is a taxonomic group (a phylum) comprised of green algae that live predominantly in freshwater habitat s. (biologyonline.com)
  • The charophytes, together with the chlorophytes, make up the green algae. (biologyonline.com)
  • As shown in the cladogram (on the right), the charophytes could have come from the green algae. (biologyonline.com)
  • This event might have led to the emergence of green algae. (biologyonline.com)
  • The evolutionary lineage of the green algae forked into charophytes and chlorophytes. (biologyonline.com)
  • Phylogeny and molecular evolution of the green algae" (PDF). (biologyonline.com)
  • Spirogyra are free-floating green algae present in freshwater habitats such as ponds, lakes, etc. (vedantu.com)
  • All land plants evolved from the green algae or Chlorophyta. (tripod.com)
  • On the other hand, my little pond has been green for several weeks now, supporting luxuriant growth of filamentous green algae. (vermontlakes.org)
  • Green algae are a very diverse group. (vermontlakes.org)
  • We are most likely to notice the filamentous green species like Spirogyra and Mougeotia because they form large masses of bright green in quieter water and tangled in with aquatic plants, but green algae come in many shapes and sizes. (vermontlakes.org)
  • Green algae grow in both fresh and salt water. (vermontlakes.org)
  • Some green algae are mobile, using flagella, others aren't able to move. (vermontlakes.org)
  • Green algae can reproduce vegetatively or asexually, meaning the mature cell divides in some way to produce additional cells with identical genes and appearance. (vermontlakes.org)
  • At certain periods in their life cycle, green algae also undergo sexual reproduction, pairing with another individual to form new genetic combinations. (vermontlakes.org)
  • Like other algae and most plants, many green algae have specific growth requirements and are found in only at certain times of the year. (vermontlakes.org)
  • Green algae are often pretty tasty so grazing by zooplankton, insects, and young fish also determines how long a particular species may be present. (vermontlakes.org)
  • Under the right environmental conditions, green algae can become very abundant and rise to the level of nuisance growth. (vermontlakes.org)
  • They can then have significant impacts on lakes, ponds, rivers, and streams - decreased water clarity, masses of decaying biomass on shorelines, and decreased oxygen levels in lakes and ponds as masses of green algae decay. (vermontlakes.org)
  • Watershed nutrient management is often key to reducing nuisance levels of green algae growth. (vermontlakes.org)
  • It's likely that the filamentous green algae you see along your shoreline in April is not the same species you see in August. (vermontlakes.org)
  • INaturalist has a wonderful array of green algae photos. (vermontlakes.org)
  • You can also browse photos in open access online taxonomic keys to see the amazing diversity in shape, size, and structure of freshwater green algae. (vermontlakes.org)
  • Some references that are less strict considered green algae as plants. (biologyonline.com)
Abundant1
  • [4] [5] Red algae are abundant in marine habitats but relatively rare in freshwaters. (wikipedia.org)
Pectin2
Charophytes5
  • The sister group of the charophytes are the Chlorophyta. (wikipedia.org)
  • Members of this phylum (called charophytes) used to be included in the phylum Chlorophyta (chlorophytes). (biologyonline.com)
  • One of the main differences between charophytes and chlorophytes is the use of a phragmoplast that serves as a scaffold for cell plate assembly and later on during the formation of a new cell wall during cell division . (biologyonline.com)
  • The charophytes are initially classified to division Chlorophyta according to Hoek, Mann and Jahns system. (biologyonline.com)
  • (1) Newer classifications of algae though separate the charophytes from the chlorophytes, such as that in Leliaert et al. (biologyonline.com)
Bacteria1
Chitin1
  • In insects, chitin is deposited exclusively on the apical sides of epithelial cells, facing the external environment (body surface, gut and tracheal lumen) [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Epiphytes1
Parenchyma cells2
Phycology2
Archaea1
  • Nowadays it is clear that, although β -carotene-rich Dunaliella salina are indeed present in the saltern ponds, most of the coloration of the crystallizer brine is caused not by the algae but by red halophilic Archaea instead [ 9 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Species2
  • [6] Approximately 5% of red algae species occur in freshwater environments, with greater concentrations found in warmer areas. (wikipedia.org)
  • Red algae such as Palmaria palmata (dulse) and Porphyra species ( laver / nori / gim ) are a traditional part of European and Asian cuisines and are used to make other products such as agar , carrageenans and other food additives . (wikipedia.org)
Filamentous1
  • It is a short, filamentous and unbranched algae surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath, which often disintegrates to diads and unicells. (wikipedia.org)
Plants8
  • Similar to animals, plants have distinct, membrane-bound nucleus inside the cell . (biologyonline.com)
  • Plants have a large vacuole inside the cell. (biologyonline.com)
  • Plants have rigid cell walls apart from the plasma membrane . (biologyonline.com)
  • Plants may not have a skeletal system as that in animals but their cell wall is comprised primarily of cellulosic material that aids in providing structural support. (biologyonline.com)
  • Plants have a distinctive cell division where a cell plate (phragmoplast) separates daughter cells. (biologyonline.com)
  • While animals have cell junctions that hold cells in an animal tissue, plants have plasmodesmata that act as if like cell junctions between plant cells. (biologyonline.com)
  • Compared to algae and plants, cyanobacteria are much easier to genetically engineer, and many of the standard biological parts available for synthetic. (web.app)
  • The division cyanophyta or myxophyta, commonly known as bluegreen algae, consists of a single class cyanophyceae or myxophyceae or schizophyceae whose plants are extremely simple in several respects. (web.app)
Filaments2
  • Each cell of the filaments features a large central vacuole, within which the nucleus is suspended by fine strands of cytoplasm. (vedantu.com)
  • Tube-like structure develops from each cell of the two filaments lying together. (vedantu.com)
Carbohydrates1
  • The algae constituted rich sources of carbohydrates (40% to 71% of DM) which show their potential for a broader commercial exploitation. (scirp.org)
Haploid1
  • The zygote turns into four new haploid cells through meiosis, which will develop into new algae. (wikipedia.org)
Identification2
  • Can i get an identification guide for identifying algae. (web.app)
  • Of these choices, which is the only correct identification of these cells? (easynotecards.com)
Characteristics1
Aquatic or moist1
  • Algae populations are often commonly observed in aquatic or moist environments. (easynotecards.com)
Consists2
Commonly1
  • The amino acid score of the nine algae varied from 44% to 92%, the most commonly first limiting amino acid being histidine. (scirp.org)
Organs1
  • The reproductive organs consist of antheridia and oogonia, though the structures of these organs differ considerably from the corresponding organs in other algae. (wikipedia.org)
Binding protein1
  • 2008. Characterisation of the cellulose binding protein Mj-cbp-1 of the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica . (hutton.ac.uk)
Molecular1
  • Many molecular components involved in plant cell wall polymer synthesis have been identified, but it remains largely unknown how these molecular players function together to define the length and decoration pattern of a polysaccharide. (mdpi.com)
Absent1
Proteins2
  • With the increased global demand for proteins, as well as functional food ingredients, the interest in red algae is expected to increase. (scirp.org)
  • The animal cell has a greater percentage of proteins than the plant cell. (seslisozluk.net)
Develops1
  • As a result of fertilization, a protonema is formed, from which the sexually reproducing algae develops. (wikipedia.org)
Identify1
Rigid1
  • As you are examining a culture in lab, you note that zygotes form and rapidly increase in size before the rigid wall around the cell is present. (easynotecards.com)
Typically1
  • The life history of red algae is typically an alternation of generations that may have three generations rather than two. (wikipedia.org)
Animal tissue1