Cellular formed in the proximal tubule tissue kidney tubules. Medical search. Frequent questions

The nephron is made of 2 main parts: the renal corpuscle and the renal tubule. (innerbody.com)
The selective filtration of plasma is performed in the cortex of the kidney in the glomerulus of the nephron. (encyclopedia.pub)
Our studies indicate that Nek1 deficiency leads to disordered kidney maturation, and cysts throughout the nephron. (biomedcentral.com)
Nephron cytological peculiarities of pelagic, epibenthic, and demersal fish characterize a high adaptive capacity of the mesonephros cellular structures. (marine-biology.ru)
In addition to identifying VHL as a critical regulator of nephron progenitors' metabolic switching, the authors' findings demonstrate that this switch also plays a large role in the differentiation process, and suggest that VHL is required for normal kidney development. (lww.com)
Nephron progenitors, the cell population that give rise to the functional unit of the kidney, are metabolically active and self-renew under glycolytic conditions. (lww.com)
By embryonic day 15.5, kidneys of nephron progenitor cell-specific VHL knockout mice begin to exhibit reduced maturation of nephron progenitors. (lww.com)
Our findings identify a novel role for VHL in mediating nephron progenitor differentiation through metabolic regulation, and suggest that VHL is required for normal kidney development. (lww.com)
In contrast to earlier models that featured nephron-like structures, these advances have improved the differentiation efficiency and similarity to the human kidney. (j-organoid.org)
One functional component of the kidney, the nephron, carries out tasks such as filtration and reabsorption. (j-organoid.org)
Also know, what is the nephron in the kidney? (healthykidneyclub.com)
Nephron , functional unit of the kidney , the structure that actually produces urine in the process of removing waste and excess substances from the blood. (healthykidneyclub.com)
Each nephron is composed of a renal corpuscle, the initial filtering component and a renal tubule that processes and carries away the filtered fluid. (healthykidneyclub.com)
Hypertension causes sclerosis of the glomeruli, which has a negative impact on kidney function largely due to a decrease in nephron number. (healthykidneyclub.com)
There are two main parts of a nephron: the renal corpuscle and renal tubule. (healthykidneyclub.com)

New Insights into the Pivotal Roles of Claudins in Proximal Tubule Electrolyte Reabsorption Aronson PS . (yale.edu)
New Insights into the Pivotal Roles of Claudins in Proximal Tubule Electrolyte Reabsorption Journal Of The American Society Of Nephrology 2022, 33: 659-661. (yale.edu)
Aldosterone causes the renal tubules to increase the reabsorption of sodium which in consequence causes the reabsorption of water into the blood, while at the same time causing the excretion of potassium (to maintain electrolyte balance). (wikipedia.org)
Hypophosphatemia is secondary to the impairment in proximal tubular reabsorption. (medscape.com)
Acidosis is mainly caused by a defect in the reabsorption of bicarbonate in the proximal tubule. (medscape.com)

These include the major components of the glomerulus, proximal and distal tubules, loop of Henle, and collecting duct [ 1 ]. (j-organoid.org)

Special epithelial cells known as podocytes form the layer of the glomerular capsule surrounding the capillaries of the glomerulus. (innerbody.com)
Nek1 is detectable in all murine tissues but its expression in wild type and kat2J heterozygous kidneys decrease as the kidneys mature, especially in tubular epithelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Angiotensin I is then converted to an octapeptide , angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), [9] which is thought to be found mainly in endothelial cells of the capillaries throughout the body, within the lungs and the epithelial cells of the kidneys. (wikipedia.org)
In this study, we explored the role of Plk1 in the classical kidney fibrosis model, UUO, and cultured fibroblast and renal tubular epithelial cells by using specific Plk1 inhibitors, genetic silencing, and heterozygous global knockout mice. (nature.com)
A decrease in the renal corpuscles area, the length of podocytes, and height of tubular epithelial cells, as well as the brush border length of type I proximal tubules is also recorded. (marine-biology.ru)
Urinary NGAL (uNGAL) is secreted predominantly by the injured epithelial cells of the kidney. (e-cep.org)

Cysts in kat2J homozygous mice form postnatally in Bowman's space as well as different tubular subtypes. (biomedcentral.com)
Various anionic drugs have been indicated to be taken up into the proximal tubular cells by the classic p -aminohippurate (PAH) transporter. (aspetjournals.org)
However, the role of Plk1 in kidney tubular interstitial fibrosis has not been reported. (nature.com)
As in all other forms of proximal renal tubular acidosis, the threshold for bicarbonate is low, but distal acidification is normal. (medscape.com)
Our results revealed that iPSC-derived RPCs can protect AKI rat from renal function impairment and severe tubular injury by up-regulating the renal tubules formation, promoting cell proliferation, reducing apoptosis, and regulating the microenvironment in the injured kidney. (biomedcentral.com)
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by acute tubular injury and a rapid decline in renal function [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In response to acute injury, the adult kidney shows some level of regeneration characterized by the proliferation of the surviving cells and the replacement of the necrotic tubular cells with functional tubular epithelium [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Our project focuses on characterizing and optimizing this approach to improve tubular maturation and cellular function and generating reporter lines for the isolation of specific cell types. (atlas-d2k.org)
Kidney tubuloids derived from adult stem cells offer the advantage of long-term culture and expansion, but they include only tubular structures and lack glomerular components. (j-organoid.org)

Each kidney contains around 1 million individual nephrons, the kidneys' microscopic functional units that filter blood to produce urine. (innerbody.com)
Replacing dying or diseased kidney cells with new nephrons is an attractive strategy. (emjreviews.com)
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the most accessible guide for normal kidney function, which rises to the aggregate sum of fluid filtered through the entirety of the working nephrons per unit of time [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
It is shown that in Black Sea fish, which inhabit different depths and are under different conditions of environmental osmotic pressure, nephrons at the tissue level of organization have a single structure and form glomerular kidneys. (marine-biology.ru)
BACKGROUND: During normal human kidney development, nephrogenesis (the formation of nephrons) is complete by term birth, with the majority of nephrons formed late in gestation. (atlas-d2k.org)
Presently, kidney organoids contain not only nephrons and ureteric buds but also stromal cells. (j-organoid.org)
The human kidney contains approximately one million nephrons, each composed of at least 20 different cell types. (j-organoid.org)
There are about 1,000,000 nephrons in each human kidney . (healthykidneyclub.com)
Nephrons are the basic structural and functional units of the kidney. (healthykidneyclub.com)
The approximately 1 million nephrons in each human kidney form 10-20 cone-shaped tissue units called renal pyramids that span both the inner and outer portions of the kidney, the renal medulla and renal cortex. (healthykidneyclub.com)

Responsible for filtering the blood , our renal corpuscle is formed by the capillaries of the glomerulus and the glomerular capsule (also known as Bowman's capsule). (innerbody.com)
Podocytes work with the endothelium of the capillaries to form a thin filter to separate urine from blood passing through the glomerulus. (innerbody.com)
At the far end of the glomerular capsule, opposite the glomerulus, is the mouth of the renal tubule. (innerbody.com)
Endothelial cells of blood arteries that enter the glomerulus, a glomerular basement membrane (GBM) between them and podocytes, and podocytes themselves form the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB). (encyclopedia.pub)

Ferroptosis plays an important regulatory role in the occurrence and development of many diseases, such as tumors, neurological diseases, acute kidney injury, ischemia/reperfusion, etc. (nature.com)
While developmental senescence and acute senescence may positively contribute to the fine-tuning of embryogenesis and injury repair, chronic senescence, when unresolved promptly, plays a crucial role in kidney fibrogenesis and CKD progression. (frontiersin.org)
acute and chronic kidney disease-their statistical data, and the conventional drugs used for treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
The GFR examination and albuminuria, a marker of kidney damage, are both used by nephrologists to categorise kidney conditions into two categories: acute and chronic kidney disorders. (biomedcentral.com)
An unexpected decrease in urine output followed by a rise in serum creatinine concentration, including an inability to excrete waste, keep-up electrolytes, and maintain water balance, is termed acute kidney injury (AKI) or acute renal failure. (biomedcentral.com)
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe disease with high morbidity and mortality. (biomedcentral.com)
Recently, to diagnose UTI noninvasively, several studies have reported that some urinary biomarkers of acute kidney injury (AKI) may be associated with UTI. (e-cep.org)

In the embryonic kidney, Nek1 expression is most prominent in cells that will become podocytes and proximal tubules. (biomedcentral.com)

As an important step in the characterization of how Nek1 may be involved in renal development and how its absence may lead to renal cystogenesis or cyst progression, we examined the expression pattern of Nek1 in normal, developing, and diseased mouse kidneys. (biomedcentral.com)
10 ] showed that the transplantation of mouse ESCs-derived RPCs can result in the stable integration into proximal tubules with normal morphology and normal polarization injection into developing live newborn mouse kidneys, suggesting the potential of ESCs for application in regenerative therapies. (biomedcentral.com)

The embryonic kidney consists of the metanephric mesenchyme and ureteric buds. (j-organoid.org)

We found that "knockout" mice lacking one of these transport proteins have a high incidence of calcium oxalate urinary stones, the same type that is most common in human patients with kidney stones. (yale.edu)
Compared with controls, VHL knockout kidneys are smaller and developmentally delayed by postnatal day 1, and have about half the number of glomeruli at postnatal day 21. (lww.com)

Up to 40% of patients with DM develop kidney dysfunction, such as diabetic nephropathy (DN). (encyclopedia.pub)

Phosphate is critical for a remarkably wide array of cellular processes. (medscape.com)
Between neighboring foot processes, a cell-cell junction is present, forming slit diaphragms that form a size-selective barrier for the excretion of proteins that is critical for proper kidney filtration [ 1 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis is closely related to the pathophysiological processes of many diseases, such as tumors, nervous system diseases, ischemia-reperfusion injury, kidney injury, and blood diseases. (nature.com)
These processes influence gene expression patterns or cellular phenotypes and disease states with no underlying change in DNA sequence. (emjreviews.com)
Recent studies showed the key role of lncRNAs in a variety of fundamental cellular processes. (biomedcentral.com)
These organoids mimic the structural similarities and developmental processes of the kidneys, while reflecting their physiological properties. (j-organoid.org)

Our general goal is to characterize the mechanisms regulating sodium, acid-base, and anion excretion by the kidney. (yale.edu)
We used histologic, immunofluorescence, RNA sequencing, and metabolic assays to characterize kidneys from these mice and controls during development and up to postnatal day 21. (lww.com)

DN is clinically characterised by progressive albuminuria, decreased glomerular filtration rates (GFR), and a constant decreased kidney function. (emjreviews.com)

This finding in turn has motivated studies on the mechanisms and regulation of oxalate transporters and their roles in oxalate homeostasis, urolithiasis, and crystal-induced inflammation in the kidney and other tissues. (yale.edu)
All of these isoforms are commonly expressed in the kidney, and their potential roles in renal handling of organic anions have been indicated. (aspetjournals.org)

This review considers the genetic and epigenetic control of nephrogenesis, together with the epigenetic mechanisms that accompany kidney development and recent advances in induced reprogramming and kidney cell regeneration in the context of DN. (emjreviews.com)
So, the research on renal tissue repair and regeneration has ignited a new field of study that focuses on various regenerative options. (biomedcentral.com)
In the long term, human kidney tissue generated in this way may be used for drug screening, tissue regeneration or cell therapy. (atlas-d2k.org)

Kidney development in kat2J homozygous mice is aberrant early, before the appearance of gross cysts: developing cortical zones are thin, populated by immature glomeruli, and characterized by excessive apoptosis of several cell types. (biomedcentral.com)
Using image analysis, nephrogenic zone width, the number of glomerular generations, renal corpuscle cross-sectional area and the cellular composition of glomeruli were examined. (atlas-d2k.org)
INTERPRETATION: These findings highlight spatial and temporal variability in nephrogenesis in the developing human kidney, whereas the relative cellular composition of glomeruli does not appear to be influenced by gestational age. (atlas-d2k.org)

Neks, mammalian orthologs of the fungal protein kinase never-in-mitosis A, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease. (biomedcentral.com)
In this review, we summarize the evidence linking cellular senescence to the pathogenesis of CKD and discuss current understanding of the mechanism and regulators controlling senescence. (frontiersin.org)
In this review, we discuss the induction protocols for kidney organoids and tubuloids, as well as their potential applications in understanding kidney development, renal pathogenesis, and drug screening. (j-organoid.org)

The renal pelvis exits the kidney at the renal hilus, where urine drains into the ureter. (innerbody.com)
A series of tubes called the renal tubule concentrate urine and recover non-waste solutes from the urine. (innerbody.com)
The renal tubule carries urine from the glomerular capsule to the renal pelvis. (innerbody.com)
The tubule cells that line the proximal convoluted tubule reabsorb much of the water and nutrients initially filtered into the urine. (innerbody.com)
Urine next passes through the loop of Henle, a long straight tubule that carries urine into the renal medulla before making a hairpin turn and returning to the renal cortex. (innerbody.com)
The general goal of our research is to understand how the kidney regulates the composition of the urine, especially as needed to maintain the salt (NaCl) and acid-base balance of the body. (yale.edu)
We showed that the cause of the calcium oxalate kidney stones is a very high concentration of oxalate in the urine. (yale.edu)
We found that this kidney transport protein also plays a very crucial role in the intestine, where it secretes oxalate and thereby limits how much of ingested oxalate is absorbed and then excreted in the urine. (yale.edu)
Kidney stones cause crystals to form in your urine and may block urine flow. (healthykidneyclub.com)

Animal models of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) have been invaluable in discovering and dissecting cellular and molecular pathways by which polycystic kidneys develop and by which progression of all types of PKD may be modified [ 1 ],[ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Polycystic kidney disease , a genetic condition, causes cysts to form on the kidneys. (healthykidneyclub.com)

These results suggest an important role of hOAT3 in the excretion/detoxification of endogenous and exogenous organic anions in the kidney. (aspetjournals.org)

Hyperglycemia also leads to the inflammation of renal tissue and its fibrosis. (encyclopedia.pub)
Myofibroblast activation and partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (pEMT) are the key steps of fibrosis that synthesize and deposit extracellular matrix and progressively destroy kidney structure [ 3 , 4 ]. (nature.com)
The results supported that inhibition of Plk1 ameliorated kidney fibrosis by suppressing fibroblast activation and partial EMT. (nature.com)
In this review, we discuss current understanding of the role and mechanism of cellular senescence in kidney fibrosis. (frontiersin.org)

Late in life, kat2J heterozygous mice form renal cysts and the cells lining these cysts lack staining for Nek1. (biomedcentral.com)
Fluid-filled sacs called kidney cysts grow on your kidneys. (healthykidneyclub.com)
These cysts can cause kidney damage. (healthykidneyclub.com)

End-stage renal disease is a complete loss of kidney function. (healthykidneyclub.com)

To eliminate waste products from the body, the kidney filters gigantic quantities of the plasma (over 160 quarts per day) resulting in the flow of huge quantities of water, NaCl and the base bicarbonate through the renal tubules. (yale.edu)
The first portion of each renal tubule is called the proximal tubule, and the proximal tubules are collectively responsible for reabsorbing the vast majority of the filtered NaCl, bicarbonate and water, and secreting acid in the form of ammonium ions. (yale.edu)
Our lab has specifically focused on identifying the proteins involved in mediating the transport of bicarbonate, NaCl and ammonium in the proximal tubule. (yale.edu)

Finally, the renal vein exits the kidney and joins with the inferior vena cava , which carries blood back to the heart. (innerbody.com)

In addition, the authors also review future strategies in DN treatment such as transcriptional reprogramming of mature adult kidney cells into uncommitted induced pluripotent stem cells for renal repair and therapeutics. (emjreviews.com)
We have previously shown that human kidney tissue can be generated from human pluripotent stem cells. (atlas-d2k.org)
Since the first publication on generating kidney-like cell aggregates from pluripotent stem cells, various modifications have been made to develop more complex and detailed kidney structures. (j-organoid.org)

Hyperglycemia results in the generation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress that damage DNA, proteins, and lipids in tissues that are affected by the disease [ 6 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

Seven cone-shaped renal pyramids form the renal medulla deep to the renal cortex. (innerbody.com)
The renal pyramids are aligned with their bases facing outward toward the renal cortex and their apexes point inward toward the center of the kidney. (innerbody.com)

We have also been studying mechanisms by which oxalate crystals induce inflammation and thereby cause damage to the kidney and other tissues. (yale.edu)

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been increasing over the past decades. (nature.com)
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, and its prevalence has been increasing over the past decades. (nature.com)
Age-related disorders such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) are increasingly prevalent globally and pose unprecedented challenges. (frontiersin.org)
Chronic kidney disease may lessen your kidney function. (healthykidneyclub.com)

So as a new therapeutic approach, stem cells are under research with a focus on reducing the burden of several kidney diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell-based therapy with mesenchymal stem cells or renal progenitor cells (RPCs) resident in the kidney has appeared to be an effective strategy for the treatment of AKI. (biomedcentral.com)

Its expression is developmentally regulated, such that it wanes as the kidney matures. (biomedcentral.com)

The kidneys are bean-shaped with the convex side of each organ located laterally and the concave side medial. (innerbody.com)
Kidneys are an overly sensitive organ with restricted regenerative efficiency with respect to other vital organs. (biomedcentral.com)
The kidney is a complex organ that becomes highly organized during development. (j-organoid.org)
The stored cystine is poorly soluble and crystallizes within the lysosomes of many cell types, leading to widespread tissue and organ damage. (medscape.com)

There are so many other disorders that can affect or be related to your kidneys, and many of them are serious. (healthykidneyclub.com)

Type 2 diabetes is more common than the autoimmune type 1 form of the disease and consists of 90-95% of DM cases [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Renal replacement therapy (RRT) is yet the primary treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients that does not actually improve kidney function and also creates a heavy economic burden in several countries [ 1 , 2 ]. (nature.com)
1 More than 50% of patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 30% of those with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) develop kidney disease, and a considerable number of cases can progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). (emjreviews.com)
Nonnephropathic cystinosis is considered a benign variant and is usually diagnosed by an ophthalmologist treating patients for photophobia, which may not begin until middle age and is not usually as debilitating as in the nephropathic form of the disease. (medscape.com)

The Kidney Research National Dialogue represents a novel effort by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases to solicit and prioritize research objectives from the renal research and clinical communities. (atlas-d2k.org)

Aging kidney and CKD share many common characteristic features with increased cellular senescence, a conserved program characterized by an irreversible cell cycle arrest with altered transcriptome and secretome. (frontiersin.org)
Cellular senescence is characterized by an irreversible and permanent cell cycle arrest coupled with altered transcriptome and secretome. (frontiersin.org)

However, progenitor cells in the adult kidney are rare, which limits the application of these cells. (biomedcentral.com)

We analyse two comprehensive transcriptome datasets from human tissues and human-derived cell lines in terms of the expression profiles of the SLC and ABC families of membrane transporters. (biorxiv.org)
In many cases, transporters exhibit extremely high Gini coefficients, even when their supposed substrates might be expected to be available to all tissues, indicating a much higher degree of specialisation than is usually assumed. (biorxiv.org)
Similar trends hold true for the expression profiles of transporters in different cell lines, suggesting that cell lines exhibit largely similar transport behaviour to that of tissues. (biorxiv.org)
By contrast, the Gini coefficients for ABC transporters tend to be larger in cell lines than in tissues, implying that some kind of a selection process has taken place. (biorxiv.org)
Perland and Fredriksson, 2017 ) or the pharmaceutical drug substrates of these transporters, and one clue to this may be to understand their differential tissue distribution. (biorxiv.org)

Approximately 300 mg of phosphate per day enters and exits bone tissue. (medscape.com)

A cDNA encoding a multispecific organic anion transporter 3 (hOAT3) was isolated from a human kidney cDNA library. (aspetjournals.org)
The hOAT3 protein was shown to be localized in the basolateral membrane of renal proximal tubules and the hOAT3 gene was determined to be located on the human chromosome 11q12-q13.3 by fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis. (aspetjournals.org)
Because hOAT1 has been suggested to show rather limited capacity for organic anion transport, hOAT3 might play a large role in the human kidney. (aspetjournals.org)
The aim of this study was to morphologically examine nephrogenesis in fetal human kidneys from 20 to 41weeks of gestation. (atlas-d2k.org)

For example, work with mice lacking anion exchanger Slc26a6, which can function as an oxalate transporter, revealed a phenotype of calcium oxalate kidney stones. (yale.edu)
The Gini index (coefficient) characterises inequalities of distributions, and is used in a novel way to describe the distribution of the expression of each transporter among the different tissues and cell lines. (biorxiv.org)

Tissue or cell-specific expression of the Nek1 protein was never reported, since no anti-Nek1 antibodies were available then, and the association of Nek1 with pleiotropic abnormalities including PKD was not made in mice until later [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The present study showed that Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) was upregulated in the kidneys of CKD patients and mice subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) with location in proximal tubules and tubulointerstitial fibroblasts. (nature.com)
In CKD patients or obstructive mice model, we observed that Plk1, a critical mitotic regulator, was upregulated in kidneys. (nature.com)
After 7 mo, the LDLR-/- mice developed massive xanthomatous infiltration of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. (jci.org)

The left kidney is located slightly more superior than the right kidney due to the larger size of the liver on the right side of the body. (innerbody.com)

FINDINGS: The number of glomerular generations formed within the fetal kidneys was directly proportional to gestational age, body weight and kidney weight, with variability between individuals in the ultimate number of generations (8 to 12) and in the timing of the cessation of nephrogenesis (still ongoing at 37weeks gestation in one infant). (atlas-d2k.org)

These drugs are one of the primary ways to control high blood pressure , heart failure , kidney failure , and harmful effects of diabetes . (wikipedia.org)

Ontology changes were based on recently published insights into the cellular and gross anatomy of these structures, and on new analyses of epithelial cell types present in the pelvic urethra and regions of the bladder. (atlas-d2k.org)
Ontology changes include new structures, tissue layers and cell types within the LUT, external genitalia and lower reproductive structures. (atlas-d2k.org)

According to the 2018 survey of the National Kidney Foundation, around 37 million people in the USA are affected by kidney failure, while almost 750,000 patients endure kidney failure annually, making it the leading cause of death among the US population [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In India, as per the report of 2018, the average capital spent by a kidney patient on each haemodialysis session is around USD64. (biomedcentral.com)

CD45 is absent on non-hematopoietic cell lines, normal and malignant, non-hematopoietic tissues. (thermofisher.com)
In general, people with one kidney have few or no health problems, and have a normal life expectancy, according to the National Kidney Foundation. (healthykidneyclub.com)

the loss of both kidneys would lead to a rapid accumulation of wastes and death within a few days time. (innerbody.com)

ZO-2 and ZO-3 are ubiquitously expressed within epithelial tight junctions, and unlike ZO-1, which is also expressed at cell junctions of cardiac myocytes, ZO-2 is not expressed in nonepithelial tissue. (thermofisher.com)
The transplantation of iPSC-derived RPCs decreased the levels of biomarkers indicative of renal injury and attenuated the necrosis and apoptosis of renal tissues, but resulted in the up-regulation of renal tubules formation, cell proliferation, and the expression of pro-renal factors. (biomedcentral.com)
The lowest four in tissues are FAM32A, ABCB7, MRPL21 and PCBP1, while the lowest three in cell lines are SF3B2, NXF1 and RBM45. (biorxiv.org)
PCBP1 is both reasonably highly expressed and has a low Gini coefficient in both tissues and cell lines, and is an excellent novel housekeeping gene. (biorxiv.org)
Altogether there are four main datasets, namely 409 "SLCs" in 59 tissue types and 56 cell lines, and 48 ABCs in the same tissue types and cell lines. (biorxiv.org)
Renal cell carcinoma is the most common type of kidney cancer . (healthykidneyclub.com)

The FDA has approved delayed-release cysteamine bitartrate (Procysbi) for the management of nephropathic cystinosis, the most severe form of the rare genetic disorder cystinosis, in patients ages 6 years and older. (medscape.com)

Anatomy20

Organisms9

Diseases19

Chemicals and Drugs45

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment12

Phenomena and Processes18

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science1

Nephron15

Reabsorption5

Distal tubules1

Epithelial cells6

Tubular9

Nephrons10

Glomerulus4

Acute7

Podocytes1

Mouse kidneys2

Embryonic kidney1

Knockout2

Diabetic nephropathy1

Processes6

Characterize2

Glomerular filtration1

Roles2

Regeneration3

Glomeruli3

Pathogenesis3

Urine9

Pathways1

Polycystic1

Excretion1

Fibrosis4

Cysts3

Loss of kidney function1

NaCl3

Carries1

Pluripotent3

Oxidative stress1

Renal pyramids2

Inflammation1

Chronic4

Stem cells2

Developmentally1

Organ4

Disorders1

Disease4

Diseases1

Senescence2

Adult kidney1

Transporters5

Exits1

Human4

Transporter2

Mice4

Liver1

Nephrogenesis1

Diabetes1

Structures2

20182

Normal2

Accumulation1

Cell6

Genetic1