Cellular cell membrane. Medical search. Frequent questions

Further study applying proteomic analysis confirmed that CAFs secrete more proteases, extra-cellular matrix proteins, and proteins that modify the basement membrane compared with NAFs, pointing to a remodeling role for CAFs in invasion. (medindia.net)
This review summarizes key aspects of tetraspanin proteins, with a focus on the functional relevance and structural features of these proteins and how they are organized into a novel type of membrane microdomain. (nih.gov)
New tools over the next few decades confirmed this theory, but controversy remained regarding the role of proteins in the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
This "flaw" remained unanswered for nearly half a century until the discovery that specialized molecules called integral membrane proteins can act as ion transportation pumps. (wikipedia.org)
Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P 2 ) plays an essential role in neuronal activities through interaction with various proteins involved in signaling at membranes. (jneurosci.org)
However, the distribution pattern of PI(4,5)P 2 and the association with these proteins on the neuronal cell membranes remain elusive. (jneurosci.org)
PI(4,5)P 2 interacts with various ion channels and receptors to regulate membrane signaling but its nanoscale distribution and association with these proteins remain elusive. (jneurosci.org)
These proteins provide a selective conduction of ions across cellular membranes, which is crucial for cell survival. (surrey.ac.uk)
After analysis of deduced amino acid sequences from cloned cDNAs of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) and aminopeptidase A (APA), it was noticed that DPP IV and APA are type II membrane proteins that have one transmembrane domain near the N-terminus. (nature.com)
Produced by a variety of cell types, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are able to transfer lipids, nucleic acids and proteins to recipient cells. (nature.com)
The evidence indicates that trivalent, methylated, and relatively less ionizable arsenic metabolites may be capable of interacting with cellular targets such as proteins and even DNA [Kitchin 2001]. (cdc.gov)
These genes provide instructions for making proteins that transport manganese across cell membranes. (medlineplus.gov)
We investigate the mobility of proteins in the bacterial cytoplasm and cytoplasmic membrane as well as membrane model systems, using optical microscopy-based techniques such as fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and pulsed-FRAP (panel a). (rug.nl)
We have proposed that under conditions of severe osmotic stress (panel b, lower figure), the cell membrane contacts the nucleoid, which creates pools of proteins and hinders free diffusion through the cell. (rug.nl)
Thisimplies that BIN1 rather bundles actin than decorates single filaments.Third, we explored a strategy to purify an aggregation prone BAR protein.Aggregation is a property common in Peripheral Membrane Proteins. (kth.se)
Membrane trafficking defects caused by mutation in OCRL may explain renal tubular defects observed in Lowe syndrome, including the inability of proximal tubular cells (PTC) to reabsorb low-molecular weight (LMW) proteins and other solutes such as phosphorus and bicarbonate from the glomerular filtrate. (medscape.com)
Once the provirus is integrated into the host cell DNA, it is transcribed using typical cellular mechanisms to produce viral proteins and genetic material. (msdmanuals.com)
The introduction of fluorescent proteins that can be targeted to the secretory granules, in combination with the advent of new techniques that allow real-time imaging of granule trafficking in living cells (granule dynamics), has led to an explosion of our knowledge of the pre-exocytotic and post-exocytotic processes in the beta cell. (lu.se)
While many studies have been focused on the membrane structure, the dynamics of such systems are crucial for the function of the membrane including membrane bound proteins. (lu.se)
Native membrane derived polymer-supported lipid bilayers (nSLBs) are poised to bridge the gap between live cell experiments and traditional model membrane architectures that by offering a combination of accessibility by surface sensitive analytical instrumentation and a composition which more closely resembles cellular membranes by displaying a diversity of endogenous membrane proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. (lu.se)
Due to the lack of detergent solubilization and reconstitution steps, the nSLBs created using this approach contain essentially all of the native lipids, as well as the membrane-associated proteins and carbohydrates from the donor membrane. (lu.se)

Detected in both cell membrane and cytoplasm in neurons. (avivasysbio.com)
A living cell has a plasma membrane, a bilayer of lipids that separates the aqueous solution inside the cell called the cytoplasm from the outside environment. (jove.com)
To map the location and dynamics of supramolecular assemblies in the cytoplasm and cell membranes. (europa.eu)
Cell expansion is primarily driven by water uptake into the cells cytoplasm, which accumulates in the cells central vacuole. (hightimes.com)
DNA viruses typically replicate in the host cell nucleus, and RNA viruses typically replicate in the cytoplasm. (msdmanuals.com)

A series of pioneering experiments in 1925 indicated that this barrier membrane consisted of two molecular layers of lipids-a lipid bilayer. (wikipedia.org)
To obtain information about BIN1's interaction with themembrane in near native environments, we used artificial lipid systems suchas liposomes and lipids nanotubes.First, we have shown that electrostatic interactions are more important forBIN1 when binding to membranes with low curvature. (kth.se)
The formation ofinvaginations (or tubules) is regulated by the composition of negativecharged lipids in membrane bilayer or electrostatic residues on the BARdomain. (kth.se)

This course element will cover the medically and clinically related fundamental principles of cellular and molecular physiology that form the basis for the understanding of pharmacology (use of drugs to treat human disease). (le.ac.uk)
The vasculature has a crucial function in normal physiology, enabling the transport of oxygen and nutrients to cells throughout the body. (duke.edu)
There is a need for greater understanding of integrated cellular physiology to exploit cells and to tailor their activities to optimise microbial productivity in synthetic circuits and to limit microbial activity in food and pharmaceutical products. (europa.eu)

Creatine supplementation, in and of itself, has been shown to influence endothelial permeability and cell surface reactivity to a modest degree, potentially interfering/blocking an inflammatory stimulus. (oatext.com)
In vitro endothelial cell adhesion experiments demonstrate that, as creatine concentrations increase, endothelial cell surface adhesion and permeability were both modified. (oatext.com)
Since circulating cells in the liver are in contact predominantly with sinusoidal lining cells (Kupffer cells and endothelial cells), this postulate requires the presence of asialoglycoprotein receptors on the luminal surface of the sinusoidal lining cells. (nih.gov)
The plasma membranes of Kupffer cells, endothelial cells, and fat-storing cells were devoid of the asialoglycoprotein receptor. (nih.gov)
While some islet BM components are produced by endothelial cells (ECs), the source of others remains unknown. (nature.com)
The aim of this work was to study the protective activity of a honey of multifloral origin, standardized for total antioxidant power and analytically profiled (HPLC-MS) in antioxidants, in a cultured endothelial cell line (EA.hy926) subjected to oxidative stress. (researchgate.net)
Experiments with endothelial cells fortified with the isolated fraction from native honey enriched in antioxidants, exposed to peroxyl radicals from 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (AAPH, 10 mM) and to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 50-100 microM), indicated that phenolic acids and flavonoids were the main causes of the protective effect. (researchgate.net)
Expressed in endothelial cells from small and large arteries, and in arterial smooth muscle cells. (avivasysbio.com)

Creatine does not cross the plasma membrane very well. (oatext.com)
They found that it exists both in solution, in the yeast cell's aqueous cytosol, and in association with the cell's outer wall, the plasma membrane. (mytum.de)
In contrast, the receptor was associated with hepatocytes, where it was present diffusely on the sinusoidal plasma membranes and concentrated within coated pits. (nih.gov)
Mitochondria receive cholesterol from late endosomes and lysosomes (LE/LYSs) or from the plasma membrane for production of oxysterols and steroid hormones. (nature.com)
PI(4)P is enriched in the membrane of the Golgi apparatus and synaptic vesicles (SVs), PI(4,5)P 2 and PI(3,4,5)P 3 mainly exist in the plasma membrane, PI(3)P and PI(3,5)P 2 are selectively concentrated on early and late endosomes, respectively. (jneurosci.org)
It can also translocate to plasma membrane ruffles upon stimulation with growth-factors. (medscape.com)
Megalin is internalized by endocytosis and delivered to vacuolar endosomes, which then sort megalin into recycling tubules and deliver it back to the plasma membrane, thus keeping an abundant number of megalin receptors at the apical surface of PTC for further endocytosis and recycling. (medscape.com)
Insulin release involves the packaging of insulin in small (diameter approximate to0.3 mum) secretory granules, the trafficking of these granules to the plasma membrane, the exocytotic fusion of the granules with the plasma membrane and eventually the retrieval of the secreted membranes. (lu.se)
Evidence from a variety of secretory tissues, including pancreatic islet cells suggests, however, that the secretory granules can be functionally divided into distinct pools that are distinguished by their release competence and/or proximity to the plasma membrane. (lu.se)

It has been postulated that the selective accumulation of circulating desialylated cells in the mammalian liver results from the binding of desialylated glycoproteins on surfaces of the cells to asialoglycoprotein receptors in the liver. (nih.gov)

In addition to providing biomechanical support to the islets, ECM components are required for β-cell development, proliferation, survival, and proper insulin secretion. (nature.com)
These include modes that are predominately genotoxic (i.e., chromosomal abnormalities, oxidative stress, and gene amplification) vs. more nongenotoxic (i.e., altered growth factors, enhanced cell proliferation and promotion of carcinogenesis, and altered DNA repair). (cdc.gov)
Binding of the protein to a ligand induces receptor dimerization and tyrosine autophosphorylation and leads to cell proliferation. (genetex.com)
It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere. (bvsalud.org)
If they are very large, they can provide the leakage of fibroblasts, thus inhibiting the proliferation of stem cells and acting as route to bacteria 28 . (bvsalud.org)

The surprising answer is revealed in the Aug. 27 issue of Molecular Cell, where German researchers explain how they discovered the function of Hsp12, a protective mechanism unlike any previously observed. (mytum.de)
The current paper in Molecular Cell also presents evidence that Hsp12 enhances the health of yeast cells under normal physiological conditions. (mytum.de)
This course element will introduce you to the fundamental principles of medically related cell biology and molecular and clinical genetics. (le.ac.uk)
Although the results of this experiment were accurate, Fricke misinterpreted the data to mean that the cell membrane is a single molecular layer. (wikipedia.org)
Cholesterol trafficking between sterol-rich organelles, such as the PM and endosomes and metabolically active but sterol-poor organelles, like ER and mitochondria, is very important, as the two latter harbor the molecular machinery to sense cellular cholesterol abundance and to convert cholesterol into essential sterol metabolites, respectively 4 . (nature.com)
Including discussions of the molecular basis of polarization mechanisms, asymmetric division of stem cells during development, the generation of left-right asymmetry of the body axis in mammals, and theoretical approaches to symmetry breaking, the volume is a vital reference for molecular, cell, and developmental biologists, as well as physical scientists interested in how and why symmetry breaking occurs in living systems. (cshlpress.com)
Little is known about molecular mecha- desmosomal glycoproteins, resulting in the nisms affecting mast cell and T lympho- loss of keratinocyte cell-cell adhesion [ 1 ]. (who.int)

Unfolded within the cell's aqueous cytosol, Hsp12 folds into helical structures to stabilize the cell membrane. (mytum.de)
interacting with the membrane, Hsp12 folds, forming helical structures that become partially embedded in it. (mytum.de)
Cell Membrane Structures" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
Structures which are part of the CELL MEMBRANE or have cell membrane as a major part of their structure. (harvard.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Cell Membrane Structures" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Cell Membrane Structures" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Cell Membrane Structures" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
surrounding several types of cells, as well as in the membranes of structures within these cells. (medlineplus.gov)
To develop novel approaches to gauge the properties of individual cells and to model the behaviour of single cells, cell collectives in biofilms and multicellular structures. (europa.eu)

These clusters show preferential accumulation in specific membrane compartments of different cell types, in particular, in Purkinje cell (PC) spines and granule cell (GC) presynaptic active zones. (jneurosci.org)
Furthermore, we revealed extensive association of PI(4,5)P 2 with Ca V 2.1 and GIRK3 across different membrane compartments, whereas its association with mGluR1α was compartment specific. (jneurosci.org)
This method revealed PI(4,5)P 2 clusters preferentially accumulated in specific membrane compartments and its distinct associations with Ca V 2.1, GIRK3, and mGluR1α in the mouse cerebellum. (jneurosci.org)
However, this method has insufficient spatial resolution to observe the nanoscale PIs distribution in small membrane compartments, such as presynaptic active zones (AZs) and postsynaptic densities (PSDs). (jneurosci.org)
Cells also contain a variety of organelles and compartments such as nucleoli, Cajal bodies, P-granules, and nuage that lack a membrane boundary. (kcl.ac.uk)

The researchers are currently testing a role of CAF-derived molecules in basement membrane remodeling to further dissect the secret alliance between cancer cells and CAFs in basement membrane invasion. (medindia.net)
6. Bray, D. Cell movements: from molecules to motility. (edu.pl)
ABC (ATP binding cassette) transporters catalyze the transport of a wide variety of molecules across lipid bilayers into or out of cells and organelles. (rug.nl)
CD117 by immunohistochemical methods sion molecules, involved in cell-cell and in order to clarify the role of the infiltrating cell matrix interactions and thought to take inflammatory cells in the pathomechanisms part in cell motility [ 2,3 ]. (who.int)
Transport of small molecules across membranes. (lu.se)

Standing between a cancer cell in situ and the surrounding tissue of fibroblasts and extra-cellular matrix is the basement membrane, a thin sheet of fibers that normally cradles the cells above it. (medindia.net)
Fibroblasts are most commonly found in connective tissue that synthesizes extra-cellular matrix and another main structural protein of animals, collagen. (medindia.net)
Roughly 95% of creatine is released in close proximity to the muscle tissue and transported into the cell via a limited capacity creatine-transporter system. (oatext.com)
Since the invention of the microscope in the seventeenth century it has been known that plant and animal tissue is composed of cells : the cell was discovered by Robert Hooke. (wikipedia.org)
Influence of membrane composition on the enhancement of factor VIIa/tissue factor activity by magnesium ions. (harvard.edu)
Although advances in tissue typing and cross-match testing have helped to deter severe transplant rejection, rejection may result from direct cellular attack (cellular rejection) or be mediated by antibodies (humoral rejection). (medscape.com)
IMs are found in the space between the tissue stroma cells and contain, among other components, fibrillar collagens and fibronectin. (nature.com)
Parent Omega oils in PEOs® foster and enable optimum cellular oxygen and tissue health everywhere in the body. (healthy-living.org)
Other procedures can be executed aiming to increase the bone volume, such as osteogenic distraction (surgical induction of the bone fracture and splitting into two fragments so that a new bone is formed between them), osteoinduction with growth factors and/or stem cells, osteoconduction by the use of substrates for cellular development (scaffolds) and guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with the aid of membranes 18 . (bvsalud.org)

The broken ends of DNA activate the enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase resulting in NAD and ATP depletion and disruption of cellular metabolism. (nih.gov)
Cell death occurs from emulsification and disruption of cellular membranes. (medscape.com)
Disruption of each of these essential cellular functions acts to suppress the interferon response to viral infection. (cdc.gov)

Our quantitative imaging strategy will be of high value for characterizing the dynamics and function of MCSs between various organelles in living cells. (nature.com)
and consequently membrane deformation.Second, we clarified BIN1's role in actin dynamics. (kth.se)
With this Dynamics workshop, our goal is to bring together leading experts in the field of membrane dynamics, with a particular focus on neutrons and X-rays, but also complementary techniques including NMR, single molecule spectroscopy and computer modeling. (lu.se)

Phosphoinositides (PIs) are minor components on the cytoplasmic side of eukaryotic cell membranes, but they play essential roles in a wide variety of cellular functions. (jneurosci.org)
A central organising principle of eukaryotic cells is the compartmentalisation of biochemical reactions by membrane boundaries into organelles. (kcl.ac.uk)

However, from studies of prototype tetraspanins, information regarding functions, cell biology, and structural organization has begun to emerge. (nih.gov)
Ion channels in living cells are examples of where quantum effects can play a role in biology. (surrey.ac.uk)
To tackle these questions, his group uses tools and techniques from cell and structural biology, chemical biology, polymer theory, and bioinformatics. (kcl.ac.uk)

The basement membrane is also the frontline physical barrier that keeps primary tumors from spreading into the matrix below. (medindia.net)
Perforating the basement membrane is a cancer cell's first move toward invasion, but how? (medindia.net)
do cancer cells invade the basement membrane or do some fibroblasts help invading cancers? (medindia.net)
Researchers at the Institut Curie in Paris now say that they have evidence of a coordinated attack on the basement membrane by cancer cells in situ and CAF cells in the extra-cellular matrix that begins long before the actual trans-location of cancer cells. (medindia.net)
Using human colon cancer cells and primary human fibroblasts isolated from tumors and adjacent normal tissues, Alexandros Glentis and colleagues at the Institut Curie addressed the question of whether the cancer cells or the CAF cells were responsible for the breakdown of the basement membrane that leads to cancer progression. (medindia.net)
The researchers then devised an assay that deployed native basement membrane to separate cancer cells on one side and fibroblasts embedded in collagen on the other. (medindia.net)
Through imaging the tumors and fibroblasts, the researchers then found the smoking gun of cancer-CAF cooperation--long protrusions like puppet-strings that the tumor cells used to communicate with the fibroblasts well before the cancer cells moved to breach the basement membrane. (medindia.net)
Basement membrane (BM) is a sheet-like extracellular matrix that underlies most tissues and acts as a barrier to invading cells. (duke.edu)
β-Cells depend on the islet basement membrane (BM). (nature.com)
A meshwork-like substance found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. (bvsalud.org)

Here, we employed transmission electronmicroscopy and other biophysical methods to elucidate how BAR domainproteins steer processes at the membrane.In this work we studied the BAR protein bridging integrator 1 (BIN1), whichhas an established role in cancer, Alzheimer's disease and skeletalmyopathies. (kth.se)
However, not all cellular processes are organised in this way. (kcl.ac.uk)
Understanding the integration of the cellular metabolic processes is fundamental to developing and exploiting cells. (europa.eu)
Our results uncover a multipronged strategy utilized by SARS-CoV-2 to antagonize essential cellular processes to suppress host defenses. (cdc.gov)

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In this study, we established an electron microscopic method to visualize and analyze the quantitative distribution pattern of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P 2 ) on cell membranes using cryo-fixed brain tissues and SDS-digested freeze-fracture replica labeling. (jneurosci.org)
The most severely injured tissues are those that first contact the alkali, which is the squamous epithelial cells of the oropharynx, hypopharynx, and esophagus. (medscape.com)
Moreover, in multicellular organisms, symmetry breaking allows the generation of cells with different fates and underpins the complex arrangement of tissues and organs achieved during embryogenesis. (cshlpress.com)
The membranes should be hard enough to maintain the space and support the tissues of the surgical area. (bvsalud.org)

Bone development and homeostasis are governed by a number of developmental signals, transcription factors and cellular metabolism. (duke.edu)
To generate deep insights into effects of perturbation of homeostasis on the core properties of the cell: transcription, translation, metabolism and control over protein activity. (europa.eu)

The Rho GTPase Cdc42 is a master regulator of cell polarity that orchestrates reorganization of the cytoskeleton. (duke.edu)
Deficiency of the 15-kDa selenoprotein led to cytoskeleton remodeling and non-apoptotic membrane blebbing through a RhoA/ROCK pathway. (harvard.edu)

Traube had no direct evidence for the composition of this film, though, and incorrectly asserted that it was formed by an interfacial reaction of the cell protoplasm with the extracellular fluid. (wikipedia.org)

Native honey (1% w/v pH 7.4, 10(6) cells) showed strong quenching activity against lipophilic cumoxyl and cumoperoxyl radicals, with significant suppression/prevention of cell damage, complete inhibition of cell membrane oxidation, of intracellular ROS production and recovery of intracellular GSH. (researchgate.net)

Expressed in lung alveolar epithelial cells, enterocytes of the small intestine, Leydig cells and Sertoli cells (at protein level). (avivasysbio.com)

The researchers found that the cellular survival mechanism provided by Hsp12 functioned under several different kinds of assault, including heat shock, oxidative stress, and osmotic stress -- a sudden change in the solution surrounding a cell that challenges its ability to regulate the flow of water through the membrane. (mytum.de)
Thus, we hypothesized that pericytes regulate β-cells through the production of BM components. (nature.com)
We further found that the pericytic laminin isoforms differentially regulate mouse β-cells. (nature.com)

In spite of these issues the fundamental conclusion- that the cell membrane is a lipid bilayer- was correct. (wikipedia.org)

Recent reports have shown that an artificially created alkaline environment can influence cell membrane permeability and cell behavior. (oatext.com)

PIs contribute to various aspects of neuronal activity, such as synaptic transmission and maintenance of membrane excitability by regulating ion channels and intracellular signaling pathways. (jneurosci.org)

To develop new chemical and biophysical tools for the analysis of cells and protein complexes in order to understand cellular sub-structure assembly. (europa.eu)

If the cytoplasmic conductance for Ca2+ is low enough compared to the membrane conductance, the theory could correctly predict the actual behavior. (edu.pl)

The SLC30A10 protein may also transport manganese out of brain cells to protect them from an accumulation of the element. (medlineplus.gov)

TCDD for every step of the mechanism described for 2,3,7,8-TCDD carcinogenesis in humans including receptor binding, gene expression, protein activity changes, cellular replication, oxidative stress, promotion in initiation-promotion studies and complete carcinogenesis in laboratory animals. (who.int)

Cell membranes need to change their shapes during many cellular processeslike protein trafficking, cytokinesis and membrane homeostasis. (kth.se)

EGFR antibody [GT133] detects EGFR protein at cell membrane on human colon carcinoma by immunohistochemical analysis. (genetex.com)

The tubulin homolog FtsZ provides the cytoskeletal framework for bacterial cell division. (duke.edu)
Viruses depend completely on cells (bacterial, plant, or animal) to reproduce. (msdmanuals.com)

When they compared the area of the monolayer to the surface area of the cells, they found a ratio of two to one. (wikipedia.org)
Later analyses of this experiment showed several problems including an incorrect monolayer pressure, incomplete lipid extraction and a miscalculation of cell surface area. (wikipedia.org)
Bleb Expansion in Migrating Cells Depends on Supply of Membrane from Cell Surface Invaginations. (harvard.edu)
This oscillating current component can be used to maintain gentle contact of the solution from the pipet cell with the surface and as a set point for high resolution topographical imaging with the pipet. (warwick.ac.uk)
EGFR is a cell surface protein that binds to epidermal growth factor. (genetex.com)
This antibody reacts with native form of human HLA-G1 on the cell surface as well as with soluble HLA-G5 isoform in its beta2-microglobulin associated form. (genetex.com)

Instead, it binds to membranes and stabilizes them against rupture and leakiness. (mytum.de)

It is utilized for lysing cells to extract protein and cellular organelles. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Membraneless organelles are predominantly associated with DNA and RNA biochemistry, and rapidly assemble and dissolve with changes to the cellular environment or cell cycle. (kcl.ac.uk)
Research in Tim's lab aims to explain how the droplet-like properties of membraneless organelles provide a general organising principle in cells, and understand why cells perform certain reactions inside them. (kcl.ac.uk)

Scientists identified mechanisms governing immune cells, selectively removing troublemakers to reshape skin immunity. (medindia.net)
10. Mycielska, M.E. and Djamgoz, M.B.A. Cellular mechanisms of directcurrent electric field effects: galvanotaxis and metastatic disease. (edu.pl)
A small molecule that can easily get into cells, arsenic can cause cell injury and death by multiple mechanisms. (cdc.gov)
Because Type 2 diabetes involves defects of insulin secretion, manifested as a loss of first phase and a reduction of second phase, it is important to understand the cellular mechanisms underlying biphasic insulin secretion. (lu.se)

In co-culture experiments on coated trans-filters, both NAFs and CAFs induced migration and invasion of HT29, which are intrinsically noninvasive colon cancer cells. (medindia.net)
Based on this evidence and further experiments, they concluded that the cell membrane might be made of lecithin (phosphatidylcholine) and cholesterol. (wikipedia.org)

Deficiency impedes the absorption of zinc and may impair cellular immunity and diminish antibody responses. (bmj.com)
Rhodococcus equi , mainly known from veterinary medicine as a pathogen in domestic animals, can also cause infections in immunocompromised humans, especially in those with defects in cellular immunity. (cdc.gov)

When cellular cholesterol trafficking is interrupted, it can lead to fatal disorders, such as the neurodegenerative Niemann Pick type C (NPC) disease, in which cholesterol accumulates in late endosomes and lysosomes (LE/LYSs) and fails to reach the homeostatic sensing machinery in the ER 4 . (nature.com)

They are required for cell division, development, and movement in all organisms from single-celled species to human beings. (cshlpress.com)

Until recently, studies on insulin secretion have been confined to the appearance of insulin in the extracellular space and the cellular events preceding exocytosis have been inaccessible to more detailed analysis. (lu.se)

Biochemical assays indicated that SVEVs are functionally active, showing high metalloproteinase and fibrinogenolytic activity besides being cytotoxic against HUVEC cells. (nature.com)

Cells are the smallest and basic units of life, whether it is a single cell that forms the entire organism, e.g., in a bacterium or trillions of them, e.g., in humans. (jove.com)

The membranes can be constituted by either a single material or a combination of materials, such as the association of polymers with either collagen or hydroxyapatite. (bvsalud.org)

DNA can be localized to a particular cell region, as in the nucleoid of a prokaryotic cell, or it can be contained inside another membrane, such as the nucleus of eukaryotes. (jove.com)

Also, they should be porous, because it is through the pores that the fluids, nutrients, oxygen, and bioactive substances for cellular growth are changed. (bvsalud.org)

For a more thorough review of the role of phosphatidylinositol and the cellular and physiological functions of OCRL1 please refer to the following 2 reviews: (1) McCrea HJ, De Camilli P. Mutations in phosphoinositide metabolizing enzymes and human disease. (medscape.com)
[ 2 ] and (2) Mehta ZB, Pietka G, Lowe M. The cellular and physiological functions of the Lowe syndrome protein OCRL1. (medscape.com)

The ability of alkaline buffered creatine to produce micro-environmental remodeling, influence cell membrane behavior and impact cisplatin-mediated toxicity, are also examined in this paper. (oatext.com)

These include scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM), which is opening up new nanoscale views of electrochemical interfaces, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), new modes of scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) and various hybrid techniques, such as combined SECM-SICM and other methods. (warwick.ac.uk)

Their theory was also incorrect in that it ascribed the barrier properties of the membrane to electrostatic repulsion from the protein layer rather than the energetic cost of crossing the hydrophobic core. (wikipedia.org)

Cell theory has its origins in seventeenth century microscopy observations, but it was nearly two hundred years before a complete cell membrane theory was developed to explain what separates cells from the outside world. (wikipedia.org)
The peri-islet membrane, which encapsulates the islets, separates the endocrine cells from the exocrine pancreas and serves as a barrier from immune cell infiltration to the islets. (nature.com)

But there are also carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAF) whose matrix proteinases could come in handy in breaking the membrane barrier. (medindia.net)
By the 19th century it was accepted that some form of semi-permeable barrier must exist around a cell. (wikipedia.org)
The plant cell wall was easily visible even with these early microscopes but no similar barrier was visible on animal cells, though it stood to reason that one must exist. (wikipedia.org)

Their cytotoxicity toward human cancer cells (HepG2, Caco-2) and mice normal fibroblasts (Balb/c 3T3 clone A31) was determined by MTT, NRU, TPC and LDH assays. (bvsalud.org)
For Balb/c 3T3 cells, Ag2SO4 was more cytotoxic than [Ag(MTZ)2]2SO4, while the cytotoxicity of AgNO3 and [Ag(MTZ)2NO3] was similar. (bvsalud.org)

Nat Cell Biol. (harvard.edu)
Mol Cell Biol. (harvard.edu)

Cellular distribution of the asialoglycoprotein receptor in rat liver. (nih.gov)
Whether the receptor is present on these cells, however, remains controversial. (nih.gov)
To clarify this issue, we used an indirect immunoelectron microscopic method to determine the distribution of the receptor on the surfaces of hepatic cells accessible to the circulation. (nih.gov)
We conclude that it is unlikely that circulating desialylated cells bind to the asialoglycoprotein receptor in the liver unless a breach in the continuity of sinusoidal lining cells exists. (nih.gov)
North WG, Fay MJ, Longo KA, Du J: Expression of all known vasopressin receptor subtypes by small cell tumors implies a multifaceted role for this neuropeptide. (hmdb.ca)
Cell signaling in plant development usually involves a receptor (i.e. for a hormone or light molecule) and a signal transduction pathway, which concludes with a cellular response that is relevant to the plants development. (hightimes.com)

A more direct investigation of the membrane was made possible through the use of electron microscopy in the late 1950s. (wikipedia.org)

We recently developed a generic method for producing polymer-supported lipid bilayers directly from cell-derived native membrane vesicles (NMVs). (lu.se)

instead, these interactions appear to change the way the membrane is organized, enhancing its integrity and stability. (mytum.de)
However, while many studies demonstrated the importance of the ECM, its interactions with β-cells are still not fully understood. (nature.com)
The interactions with the various BM components differentially affect β-cells, although the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. (nature.com)

Serious neurological toxicity (including irreversible paraparesis and quadraparesis) has been reported in patients who received LEUSTATIN Injection by continuous infusion at high doses (4 to 9 times the recommended dose for Hairy Cell Leukemia). (nih.gov)
Interference with cellular respiration explains the potent toxicity of arsenic. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy54

Organisms13

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs96

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment31

Phenomena and Processes59

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture7

Information Science3

Health Care1

Proteins21

Cytoplasm5

Lipids3

Physiology3

Endothelial8

Plasma9

Receptors1

Proliferation5

Molecular7

Structures8

Compartments5

Molecules5

Tissue9

Disruption3

Dynamics3

Eukaryotic2

Biology3

Basement10

Processes4

Tissues4

Metabolism2

Cytoskeleton2

Composition1

Oxidation1

Epithelial1

Regulate3

Bilayer1

Permeability1

Intracellular1

Biophysical1

Cytoplasmic1

Accumulation1

Oxidative Stress1

Homeostasis1

Colon carcinoma1

Bacterial2

Surface6

Binds1

Organelles3

Mechanisms4

Experiments2

Immunity2

Endosomes1

Single-celled1

Exocytosis1

Biochemical1

Humans1

Collagen1

Prokaryotic cell1

Substances1

Physiological2

Behavior1

Nanoscale1

Electrostatic1

Separates2

Barrier3

Cytotoxicity2

Biol2

Receptor6

Electron microscopy1

Polymer1

Interactions3

Toxicity2