Cells thus insect hormones. Medical search. Frequent questions

Insect endocrinology is dominated by the steroid hormone ecdysone and terpenoid hormone juvenile hormone. (cas.cz)

This effect on longevity is apparently correlated with the midgut senescence phenotypes as a result of direct hormone action through both hormone receptors expressed in the enteroblasts or other midgut cell types. (bioone.org)
However, gut senescence does not appear to be the direct cause for longevity regulation, as knockdown of both hormone receptors did not affect adult lifespan. (bioone.org)
Animal steroid hormones initiate signaling by passive diffusion into cells and binding to their nuclear receptors to regulate gene expression. (biologists.com)
Here, using the hemimetabolous insect Blattella germanica , we show that nuclear hormone receptors Seven-up-B (BgSvp-B) and Fushi tarazu-factor 1 (BgFTZ-F1) have essential roles in the tissue- and stage-specific activation of adult CA JH-biosynthetic activity. (nature.com)
Molecular identification of the first insect ecdysis triggering hormone receptors. (neurostresspep.eu)
Davey's lab drew attention to the fact that juvenile hormones functioned via membrane receptors as well as through interacting with the genome. (yorku.ca)
Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis showed striking conservations among insect ecdysone receptors, especially between P. xylostella and other lepidopterans. (biomedcentral.com)
The coordinated and differential actions of TH signalling are mediated by the binding of the active form of TH (3,3,5-triiodo- l -thyronine, T3) to its receptors-the thyroid hormone receptors alpha and beta (TRα1-3 and TRβ1-3)-through which it regulates downstream signalling pathways and transcription factors [ 8 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Thyroid hormone receptors have separate expression patterns and divergent functional roles during foetal and adult life that are dependent on their liganded states [ 7 ] [ 9 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
A family of conserved cell surface receptors that contain EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR repeats in their extracellular domain and ANKYRIN REPEATS in their cytoplasmic domains. (bvsalud.org)

In the fruit fly Drosophila, it has been suggested that nearly equal numbers of two subtypes of EEs (Allatostatin A: AstA and Diuretic hormone 31 : Dh31) are alternately produced from the intestinal stem cells in the posterior midgut. (bioone.org)
The photomicrograph (courtesy of B. P. Kaufmann) shows the polytene chromosomes in a salivary gland cell of a Drosophila melanogaster larva . (biology-pages.info)
The Splice Isoforms of the Drosophila Ecdysis Triggering Hormone Receptor Have Developmentally Distinct Roles. (neurostresspep.eu)
Two subtypes of ecdysis-triggering hormone receptor in Drosophila melanogaster . (neurostresspep.eu)
Molecular cloning and biological activity of ecdysis-triggering hormones in Drosophila melanogaster . (neurostresspep.eu)
Long germ-band insects, such as the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster , form most of their segments simultaneously at the blastoderm stage, i.e., before gastrulation. (biomedcentral.com)
Short germ-band development is typical of basal insects such as locusts and cockroaches, whereas more derived species such as those of the genus Drosophila predominantly undergo long germ-band development [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The levels of catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) were measured in PC12 cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)
GSOs also mitigated the deleterious effects of GLU on the mitochondrial membrane potential and Cyt C release, thus alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased GSH levels and CAT activity in both cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)
In Drosophila with depleted RACK1 in all muscle cells or, specifically, in SC lineage resulted in a delayed recovery of skeletal muscle after physical damage as well as the low presence of active SC in the wound area. (sdbonline.org)
This study aims to understand the function and mechanism of Drosophila Glycine N-acyltransferase (GLYAT) in cell invasion. (sdbonline.org)
The inotocin/receptor couple can also be found in the recently sequenced genome from the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis but not in any other holometabolous insect with a completely sequenced genome (12 Drosophila species, the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae, the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti, the silk worm Bombyx mori, and the honey bee Apis mellifera), suggesting that this neuropeptide system is confined to basal holometabolous insects. (lu.se)
For over 60 years, the larval salivary gland of Drosophila melanogaster has been the ultimate model for elucidating how steroid hormones trigger genome-wide changes in gene expression in a specific target tissue. (unlv.edu)
For insects like butterflies and fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) which experience different life cycles with the larval-to-adult transition, their nervous systems undergo the drastic modification during metamorphosis. (sinica.edu.tw)
Take the Drosophila nervous system as an example: neurons would undergo apoptosis (or known as programmed cell death) to disappear or remodeling to transform into adult-specific ones (the process reminiscent of the rebirth of the legendary Phoenix). (sinica.edu.tw)

For example, giving the molting hormone ecdysone to an insect causes a predictable change in the puffing pattern. (biology-pages.info)
TAIMAN is closely engaged in both juvenile hormone and ecdysone receptor signaling. (cas.cz)
Ecdysone is an ecdysteroid that is present in arthropods, which are invertebrate insects that have exoskeletons to support and protect themselves. (healthplugged.com)
Growth is controlled by two hormones, insulin and ecdysone, that act synergistically by controlling cell growth and cell division. (duke.edu)
Previous studies have shown that ecdysone (the insect molting hormone) signaling is critical for γ neuron remodeling. (sinica.edu.tw)

The thyroid gland actively absorbs iodine from the blood to produce and release these hormones into the blood, actions which are regulated by a second hormone, called thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which is produced by the pituitary gland. (wikipedia.org)

Whereas a JH-free period during the last juvenile instar triggers metamorphosis and the end of the growth period, the reappearance of this hormone after the imaginal molt marks the onset of reproductive adulthood. (nature.com)
Do embryonic miRNAs influence the germ-band type and metamorphosis mode of insects? (biomedcentral.com)
It is therefore likely that miRNAs influence the mechanisms that specify the germ-band type and body structure, which is related to the metamorphosis mode, in insect embryos. (biomedcentral.com)
The object of study of the research group are the mechanisms that regulate the metamorphosis of insects , and how these mechanisms have evolved from ancestral species, with a gradual metamorphosis (like in cockroaches or locusts), to the most modified species, with a discontinuous metamorphosis (like in butterflies or flies). (upf-csic.es)
Therefore, the questions that the research group on the Evolution of insect metamorphosis seek to answer are: How did metamorphosis develop in insects? (upf-csic.es)
Structural features in these heterodimeric complexes shed lights on how ecdysteroids initiate molting and metamorphosis in insects. (biomedcentral.com)

We show that midgut-preferential RNA knockdown of the peptide hormones AstA or Dh31 respectively results in decreased or increased adult lifespan. (bioone.org)
In addition to these transcription factors, several peptide hormones (allatotropins, allatostatins and short neuropeptide F) and neurotransmitters (the biogenic amines octopamine, dopamine and glutamate) are also involved in the regulation of CA activity 16 . (nature.com)
In insects, salt and water balance is closely regulated by a series of peptide hormones that work independently and in concert. (silverchair.com)

1987) Identification of an arginine vasopressin-like diuretic hormone from Locusta migratoria. (lu.se)
Diuretic hormone 44 (DH) is a bioactive neuropeptide that mediates osmotic balance in a wide variety of insects through increases in cAMP. (silverchair.com)

Turkesterone is the major steroid found in A.turkestanica , related to the insect steroid hormone, ecdysteroid, found in arthropods. (healthplugged.com)

Furthermore, GSOs protected cells against GLU-induced apoptosis by reducing the expression of the mitochondrial apoptosis-associated Bcl-2 family effector proteins and protected cells from GLU-induced oxidative damage by increasing the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. (sdbonline.org)
Eight hours before puparium formation, glue proteins are packaged into dense-core granules that are retained within the cells until they are exposed to a high titer of 20E. (unlv.edu)

It signals NPF receptor in the corpora cardiaca, a gland-like organ in insects, and stimulates insulin producing cells in the insect brain to suppress glucagon-like hormone while enhancing insulin-like peptide production. (tsukuba.ac.jp)
Halberg's team also identified the receptor to which these hormones dock onto cells. (snexplores.org)
By entering that receptor, the hormones trigger peeing. (snexplores.org)
This receptor shows up in the Malpighian tubules' secondary cells. (snexplores.org)
Complex steroid-peptide-receptor cascade controls insect ecdysis. (neurostresspep.eu)
Here, we report that the recently sequenced genome from the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum contains a gene coding for an oxytocin/vasopressin-like peptide, identical to the locust peptide, which we named inotocin (for insect oxytocin/vasopressin-like peptide) and a gene coding for an inotocin G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). (lu.se)
Here, we present multiple lines of evidence to support the hypothesis that the orphan CG8422 G-protein-coupled receptor is a functional DH-R. When expressed in mammalian cells, CG8422 conferred selective sensitivity to DH, as indicated by translocation of aβ-arrestin-2-GFP reporter from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane. (silverchair.com)

The researchers were able to demonstrate that NPF is secreted by intestinal endocrine cells in response to dietary sugar. (tsukuba.ac.jp)
Integration of Endocrine Signals That Regulate Insect Ecdysis. (neurostresspep.eu)
Over the next few decades, Davey travelled between the UK and Canada, working at a variety of universities, researching the control of visceral muscles (and consequently describing the first peptide hormone in insects), the endocrine control of insect reproduction (including work on the tsetse fly), and the control of development in various parasitic worms including the nematode. (yorku.ca)
Some toxins mimic female sex hormones, estrogens and progesterone, disrupting the endocrine system. (susansmithjones.com)

Enteroendocrine cells (EEs) are evolutionarily conserved gastrointestinal secretory cells that show scattered distribution in the intestinal epithelium. (bioone.org)
These results indicate that the two intestinal secretory peptides antagonistically regulate adult lifespan and intestinal senescence through multiple pathways, irrespective of insulin, which implicates a complementary gradient distribution of each of the hormone-producing EEs, consistent with local requirements for cell activity along the posterior midgut. (bioone.org)
Our results offer potential target pathways and genes for further development of the secretory power in mammalian cell factories. (bvsalud.org)
His main findings were in the science of insect hormones, their secretory organs and cells, and how these controlled growth, moulting and reproduction. (yorku.ca)
Despite the importance of this system, little has been elucidated over the years regarding how the hormone exposure actually changes the physiological activity of this secretory system. (unlv.edu)

In insects, the transition from juvenile development to the adult stage is controlled by juvenile hormone (JH) synthesized from the corpora allata (CA) glands. (nature.com)
Postembryonic development in winged insects is divided into three stages: (i) a juvenile phase where growth takes place, (ii) the metamorphic transformation during the last juvenile instar, and (iii) the reproductive adulthood. (nature.com)
A juvenile hormone analog, it interferes with the hormone signaling of growing insects, so that insects in immature stages are unable to mature. (healthypets.com)
Ron has discovered that Nosema, a protozoan parasite of honey bees, can cause higher rates of juvenile hormone biosynthesis in workers, thus causing them to become foragers earlier. (msu.edu)
Strangely, workers with their corpora allata removed, thus lacking the ability to synthesize any juvenile hormone at all, still foraged earlier when infected with Nosema. (msu.edu)

Circadian clocks often adjust animals' physiology through various hormones and neuropeptides. (cas.cz)

These cells classified into several subtypes based on the hormones they produce in both mammals and insects. (bioone.org)
Those circadian clocks are at the genetic level remarkably conserved among mammals and insects. (cas.cz)

Simply put, that is how the sun's biological energy and the nutrient-dependent physiology of reproduction link what is known about the epigenetic effects of nutrients on metabolic networks and genetic networks to the epigenetic effects of pheromones on hormone-organized and hormone-activated behaviors in insects and mammals. (scentoferos.com)
Also see other articles published this week in "Science Magazine" that provide more information about the nutrient-dependent RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions that differentiate all cell types of all individuals of all genera via the physiology of the nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled reproduction of some yeasts and all other species with sexually-differentiated cell types. (scentoferos.com)
Thus, the novel role we describe for TAIMAN in insects may have a counterpart in mammalian physiology. (cas.cz)
The author of over 230 scientific papes and a book on the reproduction of insects, Davey's research explores the control of development and physiology in various invertebrates, principally insects and nematodes. (yorku.ca)
He recognized that animal physiology and function could be studied through insects instead of mice and other laboratory animals, progressing the field of entomology beyond simple collection and classification of insects. (yorku.ca)
His research was documented in the book Principles of Insect Physiology (1972), which became the standard text for students and scientists worldwide and firmly established the science of insect physiology on the world stage. (yorku.ca)
Davey completed his BSc in zoology and and MSc in insect physiology at the University of Western Ontario in Canada. (yorku.ca)
Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology , 103(3):1-8. (upf-csic.es)

Thyroid hormones play a fundamental role in biology, acting upon gene transcription mechanisms to regulate the basal metabolic rate. (wikipedia.org)

An insecticide is a substance used by humans to gain some advantage in the struggle with various insects that are considered pests. (encyclopedia.com)
The abundance and effects of almost all insect pests can be managed through the judicious use of insecticides. (encyclopedia.com)

Inka cells (or peritracheal cells) were first discovered in Manduca sexta in 1996 (Zitnan et al. (neurostresspep.eu)
That review linked our 1996 model of RNA-mediated cell type differentiation from yeasts to insects via the conserved molecular mechanisms. (scentoferos.com)

Tsukuba, Japan-Incretins are hormones secreted by intestinal cells that regulate pancreatic insulin and glucagon to control sugar metabolism in mammals. (tsukuba.ac.jp)
Segi's cap : large aggregation of gut hormone-producing cells on the intestinal villi of the fetus / edited by Mitsuo Segi, Shigeru Kobayashi. (who.int)

Despite the importance of the precise fluctuations of JH levels during insect development, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of JH biosynthesis remain poorly understood. (nature.com)
2000. A metabolite of methoxychlor, 2,2-bis( p hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane, reduces testosterone biosynthesis in rat leydig cells through suppression of steady-state messenger ribonucleic acid levels of the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme. (cdc.gov)

Gametogenesis (the production of spermatozoa and oocytes) and the secretion of hormones by the ovaries and testes are heavily dependent on the hypophysis, a small gland located below the brain, to which it is connected by a capillary network. (sciencedaily.com)
Although both the synthesis and secretion of glue is regulated by the major steroid hormone in insects, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), my work is mostly focused on the 20E stimulated secretion of that glue that occurs at the end of the instar. (unlv.edu)

dGLYAT was found to regulate Gadd45 -mediated JNK pathway activation and cell invasion. (sdbonline.org)

Although counterparts of insulin and glucagon have been identified in invertebrates, no hormone equivalent to incretin has been described. (tsukuba.ac.jp)
In response to dietary sugars, incretins from the mammalian gut stimulate pancreatic cells to produce insulin and to suppress its counter-regulatory hormone glucagon. (tsukuba.ac.jp)

A peritracheal neuropeptide system in insects: release of myomodulin-like peptides at ecdysis. (neurostresspep.eu)

However, no similar peptide could be identified in other insects, nor could its prohormone be cloned, or its physiological actions be established. (lu.se)

In this study, the NTERA2-D1 (NT2) cells were induced towards differentiation (NT2-RA) with 10-5 M retinoic acid (RA) for three days and then subjected to various amounts of vitreous humor (VH). (bvsalud.org)
Advancement in multicellular microorganisms includes both little incremental adjustments and main switches of cell proliferation and differentiation position. (biotech-angels.com)
Article title：Hormone-controlled changes in the differentiation state of post-mitotic neurons. (sinica.edu.tw)

Neighboring plants then pick up on the signal and respond by preparing for attacks-for example, by releasing toxins to ward off the insects. (phys.org)

The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century. (wikipedia.org)

Discussion of insecticide mode of action will focus on interactions with protein targets and the resulting expression of toxicity in the insect. (umn.edu)
A more recently developed compound in this group is metofluthrin, specifically designed for biting insect control, and it possesses a strong spatial repellent property and low mammalian toxicity. (umn.edu)
Second, it appears to protect healthy cells from the toxicity of the chemotherapy. (concordia.ca)

These organs have two types of cells. (snexplores.org)
Scientists worked with red flour beetles (shown here) to find out how their pee organs differ from those in other insects, such as fruit flies. (snexplores.org)
Functional morphologic changes in female sex organs induced by exogenous hormones / edited by Gisela Dallenbach-Hellweg. (who.int)

During postnatal development, activation of a small number of highly specialised neurons (the GnRH neurons) in the hypothalamus leads to the synthesis of a hormone, gonadoliberin or GnRH (Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone), and this process leads to the appearance of puberty. (sciencedaily.com)

For example, each time an insect larva prepares to molt, a definite, predictable sequence of puffing occurs. (biology-pages.info)

Thyroid hormone (TH) signalling is a universally conserved pathway with pleiotropic actions that is able to control the development, metabolism, and homeostasis of organisms. (encyclopedia.pub)
Chronic exposure of rats resulted in increased thyroid follicular cell tumors from sustained perturbation of thyroid hormone homeostasis. (cdc.gov)

The genes encoding the enzymes involved in both modules are highly enriched, or even exclusively expressed, in the CA cells 9 . (nature.com)

Meanwhile, bacteria have been "talking" to each other for billions of years by exchanging chemical messages via hormone-like molecules called autoinducers. (phys.org)
For example, bacteria may only invade a cell if enough neighboring bacteria are releasing autoinducers. (phys.org)
Bacteria also communicate with the cells of other species, including ours. (phys.org)
Studies into premature babies have shown the relationship between gut bacteria and human cells are crucial for cognitive development. (phys.org)
It is a permanent building site where bacteria, insects and humans alike create cities. (phys.org)
Insects heavily rely on bacteria for essential nutrients that are lacking in their diet. (lu.se)

Beetles make up 40 percent of insect biodiversity, but most their species pee differently from other insects. (snexplores.org)
But most species of beetles appear to process urine differently from all other insects. (snexplores.org)
Their more than 400,000 species make up 40 percent of all insect species. (snexplores.org)
Cell damage was assessed using MTT assays, and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release rate and flow cytometry were used to detect the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential respectively. (sdbonline.org)

Both factors are highly expressed in adult CA cells. (nature.com)
Skeletal muscle growth and regeneration involves the activity of resident adult stem cells, namely satellite cells (SC). (sdbonline.org)

Scholars@Duke publication: Developmental mechanisms of body size and wing-body scaling in insects. (duke.edu)
The developmental mechanisms that control body size and the relative sizes of body parts are today best understood in insects. (duke.edu)

The cytoplasmic domains are released upon ligand binding and translocate to the CELL NUCLEUS, where they act as transcription factors. (bvsalud.org)

At puberty, GnRH stimulates the synthesis by the hypophysis of other hormones, which in turn enter the bloodstream to promote the growth of the gonads (ovaries and testes), and to subsequently ensure reproductive function. (sciencedaily.com)

The vertebrate reticuloendothelial system (RES) functions to remove potentially damaging macromolecules, such as excess hormones, immune-peptides and -complexes, bacterial-endotoxins, microorganisms and tumor cells. (amrita.edu)
Neem oil disrupts the microorganisms' cell walls, preventing them from growing and reproducing. (pestsyard.com)

Cell invasion is a crucial step of tumor metastasis , finding new regulators of which offers potential drug targets for cancer therapy. (sdbonline.org)

Transcriptomic and functional analyses indicate significantly higher metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation in EPO producers compared with parental and GFP cells. (bvsalud.org)
Instead of pocket watches or cell phones, they use intracellular molecular clocks to anticipate the daily recurring changes and adjust their activity, metabolism, and biochemical processes to a 24-hour day/night regime. (cas.cz)

There are also insecticides based on nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) and insect hormones. (encyclopedia.com)

A hormone commonly associated with sleep-wake regulation has been found to reduce cysts in fruit flies, according to Concordia researchers. (concordia.ca)

Its antifungal properties work by disrupting the cell walls of the fungi, preventing them from growing and reproducing. (pestsyard.com)

Using steroids that bind to this hormone has direct anabolic effects on the human body. (healthplugged.com)

Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism is thyroid hormone deficiency. (msdmanuals.com)

Via the thyroid hormones, iodine has a nutritional relationship with selenium. (wikipedia.org)

The hormone melatonin has also been found in insects and plants. (usatechlive.net)
This is fascinating because melatonin is the "sleep" hormone in nearly all animals and we know nurses do not sleep at all and work around the clock. (msu.edu)

We found it very curious that [an insect group] that's so evolutionarily successful was doing something separate or different," says Kenneth Halberg. (snexplores.org)

The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture . (wikipedia.org)
His work focuses primarily on the mode of action of hormones governing egg development in insects. (yorku.ca)
It is a plant compound responsible for cell growth, repair, and development. (healthplugged.com)

Molecular cloning and function of ecdysis-triggering hormones in the silkworm Bombyx mori . (neurostresspep.eu)

Consistent with its in vivo activities in other insects, DH activation of CG8422 elicited increases in a cAMP reporter system( CRE-luciferase ), with an EC 50 of 1.7 nmol l -1 . (silverchair.com)
Specifically, imidacloprid increases the efficacy of permethrin by activating insect nerve cells and increasing the frequency of neurotransmissions. (healthypets.com)
Postoperatively, neutrophilia occurs for 12-36 hours as a result of tissue injury-related increases in adrenocortical hormones. (medscape.com)

In vertebrate biology, iodine's primary function is as a constituent of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). (wikipedia.org)
sheet of cells - anywhere in biology," notes Julian Dow. (snexplores.org)
Since Haberlandt's original assertions, methods for tissue and cell culture have been realized, leading to significant discoveries in biology and medicine. (wikipedia.org)
Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 147. (upf-csic.es)

In a 2015 study, Dow and other scientists found the same signaling system drives the Malpighian tubules of many other insects. (snexplores.org)

This would account for polyteny being associated with large, metabolically active cells (like salivary glands). (biology-pages.info)

Anatomy5

Organisms25

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs52

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes11

Information Science4

Health Care3

Dominated by the steroid1

Receptors10

Drosophila15

Ecdysone5

Thyroid-stimula1

Metamorphosis6

Peptide hormones3

Diuretic Hormone2

Ecdysteroid1

Proteins2

Receptor7

Endocrine4

Secretory5

Juvenile5

Neuropeptides1

Mammals and insects2

Physiology8

Basal1

Pests2

19962

Intestinal2

Biosynthesis2

Secretion2

Regulate1

Insulin2

Neuropeptide system1

Physiological1

Differentiation3

Toxins1

Genetic1

Toxicity3

Organs3

Neurons1

Molt1

Homeostasis2

Genes1

Bacteria6

Species4

Adult2

Mechanisms2

Transcription factors1

Stimulates1

Microorganisms2

Tumor1

Metabolism2

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Regulation1

Fungi1

Steroids1

Deficiency1

Nutritional1

Melatonin2

Evolutionarily1

Development3

Bombyx1

Increases3

Biology4

Malpighian1

Salivary glands1